JP5289935B2 - プテロイン酸およびその結合体の合成と精製 - Google Patents
プテロイン酸およびその結合体の合成と精製 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5289935B2 JP5289935B2 JP2008501969A JP2008501969A JP5289935B2 JP 5289935 B2 JP5289935 B2 JP 5289935B2 JP 2008501969 A JP2008501969 A JP 2008501969A JP 2008501969 A JP2008501969 A JP 2008501969A JP 5289935 B2 JP5289935 B2 JP 5289935B2
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Description
本出願は、米国特許法119(e)条の下に、2005年3月16日出願米国仮出願第60/662,277号の利益を主張する。なお、この引用出願の開示を、参照することにより本明細書に含める。
V-L-D
(式中、Vは、ビタミン、またはその類縁体または誘導体であり、かつ、Lは、約1から約100原子の長さを持つ、任意に付加される2価のリンカーである。)によって記載されてもよい。原子は、炭素、窒素、酸素、珪素、リン等から選ばれる。これらの原子はそれぞれ、水素、ハロゲン、および/または、一つ以上の官能基によって任意に置換される。例示の官能基としては、ヒドロキシ、シアノ、ニトロ、オキソ、チオノ、任意に置換されるイミノ、任意に置換されるヒドロキシルイミノ、任意に置換されるヒドラジノ、アジド、任意に置換されるアルキル、任意に置換されるアルケニル、任意に置換されるアルキニル、任意に置換されるアルコキシ、任意に置換されるアルキルチオ、任意に置換されるアルキルスルフォニル、任意に置換されるアルキルスルフォニルオキシ、任意に置換されるアルキルスルフォニルアミノ、任意に置換されるアミノ、任意に置換されるアルデヒドおよびその誘導体、任意に置換されるケトンおよびその誘導体、カルボン酸およびその誘導体、任意に置換されるアリール、アミノ酸側鎖、ペプチド、それらの組み合わせ等が挙げられるが、ただしこれらに限定されない。これらの官能基は共に結合して、元素に付着する環構造を形成してもよい。
[式I]
(式中、R1、R2、R3、およびR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アシル、または、適切に選択された窒素保護基であるか、または、R1およびR2は共に結合して窒素保護基を形成し;R5は、水素、アルキル、または適切に選ばれるカルボキシル保護基であり;mは0-4の整数であり;かつ、nは1-4の整数である。もう一つの態様では、ビタミン-薬剤結合体は、化合物8aである(式Iの化合物で、R1、R2、R3、R4、および、R5が水素で、mは1、nは1である。)の化合物である。
((a)アミド結合剤;(b)α-カルボキシル基の選択的脱保護;(c)H2NCH2(CH2)nNH2, n=1-4(5)、(d)1.FITC(7);2.R1からR5のどれか一つの任意の脱保護)
上式において、R1、R2、R3、およびR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アシル、または、適切に選択された窒素保護基であるか、または、R1およびR2は共に結合して窒素保護基を形成し;R5は、水素、アルキル、または適切に選ばれるカルボキシル保護基であり;mは0-4の整数であり;かつ、nは1-4の整数である。
((a)アミド結合剤;(b)アミノ酸アミン基の選択的脱保護;(c)アミド結合反応、(d)アルキレンジアミンの選択的脱保護、(e)1.FITC(7);2.R1からR5のどれか一つの任意の脱保護)
上式において、R1、R2、R3、およびR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アシル、または、適切に選択された窒素保護基であり;R5は、水素、アルキル、または適切に選ばれたカルボキシル保護基であり;mは0-4の整数であり;nは1-4の整数であり;かつ、R6、R7、およびR8は、それぞれ独立に、水素、または適切に選択された窒素保護基である。
((a)FITC(7);(b)フルオレセイン-NH2(15);(c)アミン基の脱保護;(d)アミド結合試薬;(e)カルボン酸基の選択的脱保護;(f)1.アミド結合剤;2.R1からR6のどれか一つの任意の脱保護)
上式において、R1、R2、R3、およびR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アシル、または、適切に選択された窒素保護基であり;R5は、水素、アルキル、または適切に選ばれたカルボキシル保護基であり;mは0-4の整数であり;nは1-4の整数であり;かつ、R6、R7、およびR8は、それぞれ独立に、水素、または適切に選択された窒素保護基である。
[式II]
DEAEセルロース陰イオン交換固相支持体(例えば、DE32)を、カラムへの充填に先立って、15倍容量の0.5M HCl溶液中でスラリー状にした。約0.5時間後、上清を傾瀉除去し、固相支持体を、洗浄液のpHが約4となるまで水で洗浄した。固相支持体を15倍容量の0.5M NaOH溶液中でスラリー状にした。約0.5時間後、上清を傾瀉除去し、固相支持体を、洗浄液のpHが約8となるまで水で洗浄した。
乾燥した微細顆粒状のDE32陰イオン交換樹脂(DEAEセルロース、Whatmanカタログ番号6055-010)を、実施例4に記載する通りに前処理した。この前処理した樹脂を脱イオン水でスラリー状にし、減圧下に少なくとも1時間脱気し、ガラスカラム(25 x 900 mm)に均一に充填し、カラムに捕捉される気泡が最小となったことを確認した。カラムを移動相(1.0M NaCl/0.01M NaOH, pH11.5)で平衡化した。プテロイン酸と葉酸を含む混合物(1.0g)を、約pH6において1.0M NaCl (1 mL)に部分的に溶解した。この混合物は、pHを11.5に調整した後完全に溶解した。得られた溶液をカラムに負荷し、移動相(1.0M NaCl/0.01M NaOH)によって溶出した。図1Aを参照すると、溶出はUV吸収(280 nm)によって監視した。葉酸は分画13-31において溶出し、プテロイン酸は分画35-81において溶出すると判断した。図1Bを参照すると、分画35-75のそれぞれが、逆相HPLCで定量するとプテロイン酸を含んでいた(99%を超える純度)。このHPLCでは、Nova-Pak C18, 3.9 x 150 mmカラムを用い、99:1から1:1 A/B濃度勾配(Aは0.1% TFA-H2O溶液、Bは0.1% TFA-CH3CN溶液)で流速1 mL/分にて溶出し、280 nmで検出した。分画35-75をまとめ、このまとめた分画のpHを、1.0M HClを加えて約2に調整した。得られた沈殿のスラリーを遠心し、上清を傾瀉除去した(3回)。残留物を凍結乾燥したところ、プテロイン酸0.40 gが得られた。
あらかじめ膨潤させた、微細顆粒状DE52陰イオン交換樹脂(DEAEセルロース、Whatmanカタログ番号4057-200、6 kg)を、脱イオン水(12 L)と混合した。得られたスラリーを、減圧下に少なくとも1時間脱気し、ガラスカラム(100 x 1200 mm)に均一に充填し、カラムに捕捉される気泡が最小となったことを確認した。カラムを移動相(1.0M NaCl, 0.01M NaOH, pH11.5)で平衡した。約25%の葉酸を含む未精製プテロイン酸(40 g)を水(500 mL)に溶解し、NaOH溶液を添加することによってpHを11.5に調整した。この溶液をろ過し、カラムに負荷し、移動相によって溶出した。各分画を逆相HPLCによって監視した。プテロイン酸を約95%を超える純度で含む分画をまとめ、1.0 M HCl溶液を加えることによってpHを約3に調整してプテロイン酸を沈殿させた。沈殿を凍結乾燥したところ、プテロイン酸が得られた(分析的逆相HPLCによる定量により20 g、純度>98%)。
あらかじめ膨潤させた、微細顆粒状DE52陰イオン交換樹脂(DEAEセルロース、Whatmanカタログ番号4057-200、1.8 kg)を、実施例6に記載する通りに前処理した。この前処理した樹脂を脱イオン水(4 L)中でスラリー状にし、減圧下に少なくとも1時間脱気し、ガラスカラム(75 x 600 mm)に均一に充填し、カラムに捕捉される気泡が最小となったことを確認した。カラムを移動相(1.0M NaCl, NaOHにてpH9.0に調整)で平衡化した。約10%のフルオレセインおよび他の不純物を含む未精製葉酸-フルオレセイン結合体(47.9 g)を水(600 mL)に溶解し、1.0M NaOH溶液を添加することによってpHを9.0に調整した。この溶液をろ過し、カラムに負荷し、移動相によって溶出した。各分画を逆相HPLCによって監視した。葉酸-フルオレセイン結合体を約95%を超える純度で含む分画をまとめ、1.0 M HCl溶液を加えることによってpHを約3に調整し、このまとめた分画から葉酸-フルオレセイン結合体を沈殿させた。沈殿を凍結乾燥したところ8a(41.8 g)が得られた。
未精製の8a(4 g)の試料を実施例1に記載するように調製し、定量的HPLCによって精製した。このHPLCでは、XTERRA 18, 30 x 300 mm 10 μmカラムを用い、30分間の100:0〜91:9 A/B濃度勾配(Aは100 mMリン酸ナトリウム(pH7.4)で、BはACN)で、流速35 mL/分で溶出した。溶出した化合物8aが分画として収集された。一方、ビスフルオレセイン誘導体はこの条件下では溶出されないので検出されなかった。各溶出分画は、UV検出器と蛍光検出器の両方を備えた分析的逆相HPLCによって監視した。UVによって98%を超える純度を持ち、UVまたは蛍光(閾値が0.1%未満)によってEDA-ビスフルオレセインまたはビスフルオレセイン不純物を全く含んでいなかった分画をまとめた。約35℃未満の温度でACNを留去した。カラムは、2ベッド容量以上の1:1 A/Bを流すことによって再生させた。
6から8週齢(約20-22グラム)の雌性Balb/cマウス(グループ当たり8匹)を、市販のサポニンアジュバント(GPI-0100; Galenica)を使用し、フルオレセイン標識キーホールリンペットヘモシアニン(KLH)を複数箇所に皮下注射することによって免疫した。抗-フルオレセイン抗体力価が全てのマウスにおいて高いことを確かめた後で(マウスの血清サンプルに対するELISAアッセイの結果によって裏付けられた)、各マウスの肩の皮下に1 x 106 個のM109細胞(高レベルの葉酸受容体を発現する、同系の肺癌細胞系統;0日目)を注入した。腫瘍細胞移植後における葉酸-フルオレセインによる免疫化は、ガンマカルボキシル-結合エチレンジアミン架橋を介して結合される葉酸-フルオレセイン500, 2000, または5000 nmol/kgを用いて行った。この葉酸-フルオレセイン結合体を24時間間隔で19回腹腔内投与した(1−19日目)。対照動物には、リン酸バッファー生食液(PBS)を注入した。免疫系を刺激するために、組み換えヒトIL-2の20,000 IU/日、1日ずつ連続5回の注入(週5回)を、全てのマウスに対して3週間続けた。組み換えヒトINF-αの25,000 U/日、連続3回の注入も、全てのマウスに対し3週間続けた。次に、この免疫療法の効力を、キャリパーを用いて腫瘍体積(mm3)を測ることによって評価した。図2に描かれる腫瘍増殖曲線は、IL-2およびIFN-αと組み合わせた葉酸-フルオレセインによって治療されると、動物の固体腫瘍の増殖が著明に抑制されることを示す。
あらかじめ膨潤させた、微細顆粒状DE52陰イオン交換樹脂(DEAEセルロース、SIGMA)を脱イオン水(12 L)と混合した。このスラリーを、減圧下に少なくとも1時間脱気し、ガラスカラム(100 x 1200 mm)に均一に充填し、カラムに捕捉される気泡が最小となったことを確認した。カラムをpH10.5においてNaOHで平衡化した。エチレンジアミン5aが混入したEDA-葉酸6aのサンプルを、中性pHにおいて水に部分的に溶解し、NaOH溶液を添加することによってpHを10.5に調整した後、完全に溶解した。このpH調整液を負荷した後、カラムを先ず、pH10.5のNaOH液3ベッド容量を用いて溶出し、次に、1.0 M NaCl/NaOH液(pH10.5)2ベッド容量にて溶出した。1.0 M NaCl/NaOH液(pH10.5)で溶出している間に得られた黄色の分画を収集してまとめた。このプールされた分画から、HCl溶液を加えることによってpHを約7に調節して、EDA-葉酸6aを沈殿させた。凍結乾燥した後、6aの小部分をフルオレセインと結合し、蛍光検出器を備えたHPLCによって分析した。式IIおよびIIIのEDA-ビスフルオレセイン化合物は検出されなかった。
ナトリウム塩としての8a(純度84%)を、水に溶解した10-50 mol当量の塩化マグネシウムまたは塩化カルシウムで処理すると沈殿が得られた。混合物を90-100℃に加熱すると、沈殿は溶解して、黄色の液を形成した。これをろ過し、ゆっくりと室温まで冷却した。得られた黄色の個体をろ過し、水で洗浄し、凍結乾燥したところ、純度93-97%の8aが得られた。このカルシウムまたはマグネシウム塩は、イオン交換によってナトリウム塩に変換してもよい。
Claims (25)
- 下式のいずれかである化合物、または、その塩を精製する方法であって
(式中、
mは、0から4であり、かつ、nは、1から4であり、
R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、およびR 4 は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アシル、または、適切に選択された窒素保護基であるか、あるいは、R 1 およびR 2 は共に結合して窒素保護基を形成し、かつ、
R 5 は、水素、アルキル、またはカルボキシル保護基である)、
(a)前記化合物を、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー支持体に接触させる工程、
(b)10以上のpHを持つ移動相によって、前記化合物を含む第1の分画を溶出させる工程、
(c)第1の分画のpHを3以下に下げる工程、および
(d)前記化合物を沈殿させる工程
を含む方法。 - 前記溶液が、葉酸、葉酸誘導体、またはそれらの混合物をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1の方法。
- (e)葉酸、または葉酸誘導体を含む第2の分画を溶出させる工程、をさらに含み、前記第1の分画と第2の分画とは実質的に分離されていることを特徴とする、請求項2の方法。
- 前記イオン交換クロマトグラフィー支持体が、サッカリド系イオン交換樹脂を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記イオン交換クロマトフラフィー支持体が、サッカリド系陰イオン交換樹脂を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記イオン交換クロマトフラフィー支持体が、セルロース、アミロース、またはそれらの組み合わせを含むサッカリド系陰イオン交換樹脂を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記イオン交換クロマトフラフィー支持体が、セファデックスDEAE、セファデックスQA、PEIセルロース、QAセルロース、DEAEセルロース、およびそれらの組み合わせから成るグループから選ばれるサッカリド系陰イオン交換樹脂を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記移動相が、11以上のpHを持つことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記移動相が、11から13の範囲のpHを持つことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記移動相が、アンモニアまたはその塩を実質的に含まないことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれの方法。
- 前記沈殿させる工程が、95重量%以上の純度を有する沈殿物をもたらすことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記沈殿させる工程が、98重量%以上の純度を有する沈殿物をもたらすことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記沈殿させる工程が、99重量%以上の純度を有する沈殿物をもたらすことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記沈殿させる工程が、葉酸を実質的に含まない沈殿物をもたらすことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかの方法。
- 下式のいずれかである化合物、または、その塩を精製する方法であって、
(式中、
mは、0から4であり、かつ、nは、1から4であり、
R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、およびR 4 は、それぞれ独立に、水素、アルキル、アシル、または、適切に選択された窒素保護基であるか、あるいは、R 1 およびR 2 は共に結合して窒素保護基を形成し、かつ、
R 5 は、水素、アルキル、またはカルボキシル保護基である)、
(a)前記化合物を含む溶液を、セファデックスDEAE、セファデックスQA、PEIセルロース、QAセルロース、DEAEセルロース、およびそれらの組み合わせから成るグループから選ばれる陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィー支持体に接触させる工程、および
(b) 前記化合物を含む第1の分画を溶出させる工程
を含む方法。 - 前記溶出させる工程(b)および前記溶出させる工程(d)において、前記移動相がアセトニトリルをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項18の方法。
- 下式:
の化合物を調製する方法であって、
下式:
の化合物を、下式:
の化合物と反応させる工程を含む方法。
(上記の式中、WaはOHであって、Wbは下式:
の化合物であるか、あるいは、Waは下式:
の化合物であって、WbはHであり、
R1およびR2は、水素および窒素保護基から成るグループからそれぞれ独立に選ばれるか、あるいは、R1およびR2は共に結合して窒素保護基を形成し、
R3およびR4は、水素および窒素保護基から成るグループからそれぞれ独立に選ばれ、
R5は、水素、またはカルボン酸保護基であり、
nは、0、1、2、3、および4から成るグループから選ばれる整数であり、
mは、1、2、3、および4から成るグループから選ばれる整数であり、
R6およびR7は、水素および窒素保護基から成るグループからそれぞれ独立に選ばれるか、R6およびR7は共に結合して窒素保護基を形成するか、あるいは、R6はHであって、R7は下式:
の化合物であり、かつ、
R9は、水素またはアルキル基である。) - R5が水素であり、R9がメチルであることを特徴とする、請求項21の方法。
- 1種以上のビスフルオレセイン成分を実質的に含まない形としてさらに単離されることを特徴とする、請求項23の化合物。
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PE20080102A1 (es) | 2006-05-25 | 2008-02-11 | Bristol Myers Squibb Co | Conjugados de analogos de aziridinil-epotilona y composiciones farmaceuticas que comprenden los mismos |
US20100104626A1 (en) | 2007-02-16 | 2010-04-29 | Endocyte, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating and diagnosing kidney disease |
NZ599239A (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2013-10-25 | Endocyte Inc | Binding ligand linked drug delivery conjugates of tubulysins |
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2006
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- 2006-03-14 EP EP06738235.8A patent/EP1863816B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-14 CN CN2006800162870A patent/CN101175757B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-14 WO PCT/US2006/009153 patent/WO2006101845A2/en active Application Filing
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CN101175757B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
WO2006101845A2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
WO2006101845A3 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
EP1863816B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
US8044200B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
US20080207625A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
EP1863816A2 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
CN101175757A (zh) | 2008-05-07 |
JP2008538743A (ja) | 2008-11-06 |
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