JP5009786B2 - 2ヶ月を超える期間の長期持続放出を与えるステロイド眼内インプラント - Google Patents
2ヶ月を超える期間の長期持続放出を与えるステロイド眼内インプラント Download PDFInfo
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- JP5009786B2 JP5009786B2 JP2007511074A JP2007511074A JP5009786B2 JP 5009786 B2 JP5009786 B2 JP 5009786B2 JP 2007511074 A JP2007511074 A JP 2007511074A JP 2007511074 A JP2007511074 A JP 2007511074A JP 5009786 B2 JP5009786 B2 JP 5009786B2
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Description
本発明の説明のために、用語の文脈が異なる意味を示す場合を除いて、このセクションで定義されるように以下の用語を使用する。
非滲出性老化関連黄斑変性(ARMD)、滲出性老化関連黄斑変性(ARMD)、脈絡膜新生血管形成、糖尿病性網膜症、急性斑状視神経網膜疾患、中心性漿液性脈絡網膜症、類嚢胞黄斑浮腫、糖尿病性黄斑浮腫。
急性多発性斑状色素上皮症、ベーチェット病、バードショット(Birdshot)網膜脈絡膜症、感染症(梅毒、ライム病、結核、トキソプラズマ症)、中間部ブドウ膜炎(扁平部炎)、多病巣性脈絡膜炎、多発性一過性白点症候群(Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome)(MEWDS)、眼類肉腫症、後強膜炎、ほ行性脈絡膜炎、網膜下線維症およびブドウ膜炎症候群、フォークト−コヤナギ−ハラダ(VKH)症候群。
網膜動脈閉塞症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症、播種性血管内凝固症候群、網膜静脈分枝閉塞症、 高血圧性眼底変化、眼性急性冠動脈症候群、網膜動脈微小動脈瘤、コーツ病、傍中心窩(parafoveal)毛細管拡張症、半網膜静脈閉塞症、乳頭静脈炎、網膜中心動脈閉塞、網膜動脈分岐閉塞症、頸動脈病変(CAD)、霜状分岐血管炎、鎌状赤血球網膜症および他の異常ヘモグロビン症、網膜色素線条症、家族性滲出性硝子体網膜症、イールズ病。
交感神経性眼炎、ブドウ膜炎網膜疾患、網膜剥離、外傷、レーザー、PDT、光凝固、手術時低灌流、放射線性網膜症、骨髄移植性網膜症。
増殖性硝子体網膜症および網膜上膜、増殖性糖尿病性網膜症。
眼ヒストプラスマ症候群、眼トキソカラ症、推定眼ヒストプラスマ症候群(POHS)、眼内炎、トキソプラスマ症、HIV感染関連網膜疾患、HIV感染関連脈絡膜疾患、HIV感染関連ブドウ膜炎疾患、ウイルス性網膜炎、急性網膜壊死、進行性外網膜壊死、真菌性網膜疾患、眼梅毒、眼結核、広汎性片側性亜急性視神経網膜炎、ハエウジ病。
網膜色素変性症、網膜ジストロフィー関連全身性疾患、先天性停在夜盲症、錐体ジストロフィー、スタルガルト病および黄色斑眼底、ベスト病、網膜色素上皮のパターンジストロフィー(Pattern Dystrophy of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium)、X染色体性網膜分離、ソーズビー眼底ジストロフィー、良性同心性黄斑症、ビエッティ結晶性ジストロフィー(Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy)、弾性線維性仮性黄色腫。
網膜剥離、斑状円孔、巨大網膜断裂。
腫瘍に関連した網膜疾患、RPEの先天性肥大、後部ブドウ膜黒色腫、脈絡膜血管腫、脈絡膜骨腫、脈絡膜転移、網膜および網膜色素上皮の複合過誤腫、網膜芽細胞腫、眼底の血管増殖性腫瘍、網膜星状細胞腫、眼内リンパ系腫瘍。
点状内脈絡膜症、急性後多発性斑状色素上皮症、近視性網膜変性、急性網膜色素上皮炎、眼炎症性および免疫性疾患、眼血管機能不全、角膜移植片拒絶、血管新生緑内障等。
たとえば、ヒドロゲル材料を、患者の眼にインプラントを固定するために使用してもよい。
以下の実施例は本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。
フルオシノロンおよび生分解性ポリマーマトリックスを含有するインプラントの製造および試験
フルオシノロンアセトニドを、ステンレス鋼製乳鉢中でポリマーと合わせ、96RPMに設定したTurbula 撹拌器を使用して15分間混合した。フルオシノロンとポリマーとの粉末をステンレス鋼乳鉢の壁からこすり落とし、次いで、再び15分間混合した。粉末混合物を、使用したポリマーに依存して、110℃〜160℃の範囲の温度に合計30分間加熱し、ポリマー/薬剤溶融物を形成した。この溶融物をペレット化し、次いで、バレルに入れ、フィラメントに押出し、最後にこのフィラメントを約0.5mgまたは約1mgのサイズのインプラントに切断した。このインプラントの重さは、約450μg〜約550μg、または約900μg〜約1100μgであった。1mgサイズのインプラントは、長さが約2mmで、直径が約0.72mmであった。
I.V.=固有粘度
Melt T=溶融温度
Extru T=押出温度
ノズル=ノズル直径(μm)
DDSサイズ=薬剤送達システムのサイズ(すなわち、個々のインプラントの重さ)
トリアムシノロンおよび生分解性ポリマーマトリックスを含有するインプラントの製造および試験
トリアムシノロンアセトニドを、ステンレス鋼製乳鉢中でポリマーと合わせ、96RPMに設定したTurbula 撹拌器を使用して15分間混合した。フルオシノロンとポリマーとの粉末をステンレス鋼乳鉢の壁からこすり落とし、次いで、再び15分間混合した。粉末混合物を、使用したポリマーに依存して、110℃〜160℃の範囲の温度に合計30分間加熱し、ポリマー/薬剤溶融物を形成した。この溶融物をペレット化し、次いで、バレルに入れ、フィラメントに押出し、最後にこのフィラメントを約0.5mgまたは約1mgのサイズのインプラントに切断した。このインプラントの重さは、約450μg〜約550μg、または約900μg〜約1100μgであった。1mgサイズのインプラントは、長さが約2mmで、直径が約0.72mmであった。
表2に示すような、合計20個のトリアムシノロンアセトニド製剤を調製した。使用したポリマーは、Boehringer Ingelheim社のResomerRG755、RG503、R202H、RG502HおよびRG502であった。固有粘度は、それぞれ、約0.6、0.4、0.2、0.2および0.2dl/gであった。平均分子量は、それぞれ、40000、28300、6500、8400および11400であった。
I.V.=固有粘度
Melt T=溶融温度
Extru T=押出温度
ノズル=ノズル直径(μm)
DDSサイズ=薬剤送達システムのサイズ(すなわち、個々のインプラントの重さ)
フルオシノロンおよびポリマー皮膜を含有するインプラントの製造およびインビトロ試験
シリコーンチューブ(Specialty Silicone Fabricators, Inc. SSF-METN-755、P.N.OP-2)を10mmまたは7mmのチューブに切断してインプラント構成要素を形成した。種々のサイズの孔を切断したチューブ上にドリル(Photomachining, Inc.)で開けた。各チューブの構造は、孔の数、孔の直径および孔間の距離と、チューブ長さ、チューブの滅菌状態によって特徴づけた。孔を開けた各チューブの一方の端部を、シリコーン接着剤(Nusil Silicone Technology、MED-1511)で接着し、室温で72時間乾燥し、次いで、フルオシノロンアセトニドを充填した。10mm長の各チューブは4〜5mgのフルオシノロンを含み、7mm長の各チューブは、2〜3mgのフルオシノロンを含んでいた。最後に、各チューブの他方の端部を接着し、72時間乾燥した。このインプラントは、いかなる賦形剤も放出変性剤も含んでいなかった。合計で30個の異なるチューブ構造体を試験した。表3にそれを示す。
フルオシノロンおよびポリマー皮膜を含有する眼内インプラントの製造およびインビボ試験
インビボ実験を実施例3の構造体#29によって示されるインプラントを用いて行った。
インプラントは実施例3に記載のように製造した。構造体#29は、289日間を超えたインビトロ試験を行った時、平均放出量1.19±0.15μg/日および総放出量14.28%±1.59%に達していた。
生分解性ポリマーマトリックスに付随したフルオシノロンを含有する眼内インプラントによるブドウ膜炎の治療
48歳の女性には、後部ブドウ膜炎の症状が見られる。彼女は、光に敏感であり眼球に痛みがあると訴えている。250μgのフルオシノロンアセトニドと250μgの生分解性ポリマーの混合物(上述の実施例1に記載したように、R502HおよびR202Hの1:2比)とを含有するインプラントを、トロカールを使用して、女性の両目の硝子体内に配置する。2日後、女性は、眼球の痛みおよび光過敏性の減少に気づき始める。彼女は、霧視の減少およびフローターの減少に気づく。ブドウ膜炎の症候からの実質的な軽減が、7日以内に得られ、約3ヶ月持続する。
ポリマー皮膜に付随したフルオシノロンを含有する眼内インプラントによるブドウ膜炎の治療
62歳の男性には、後部ブドウ膜炎の症状が見られる。250μgのフルオシノロンアセトニドと、直径が500μmの2個の孔を有し、孔間の距離が1mmであるポリマー皮膜とを含有するインプラントを、トロカールを使用して、患者の両目の硝子体内に移植する。患者は、体内移植後1週間以内に、痛みの軽減および視力の改善を報告する。改善は、約2年間持続する。その間白内障の発症はない。
ステロイド含有眼内インプラントによる黄斑浮腫の治療
黄斑浮腫を患う53歳の男性を、針付注射器を使用して、患者の各眼の硝子体内に生分解性インプラントを注射することによって治療する。インプラントは、500μgのフルオシノロンアセトニドと500μgのPLGAとを含む。患者は、体内移植後1週間以内に、痛みの軽減と視力の改善を報告する。改善は、約2年間持続する。その間、白内障は発症しない。
ステロイド含有眼内インプラントによる黄斑変性の治療
右目に黄斑変性があると診断された82歳の女性を、600μgのフルオシノロンアセトニドと500μgのPLGAとを含有する生分解性インプラントを硝子体内に配置することによって治療する。インプラントは、患者の視力を妨害しないように、中心窩近くに配置する。さらなる眼球診断では、黄斑変性が一時停止するとされ、患者は、黄斑変性に伴う更なる視力の低下がない。治療を通して、眼内圧力は、許容しうる限界内に保たれる。
ポリマー特性と眼内インプラントに充填された薬剤の効果
この実施例では、ポリ(ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)(PLGA)のポリマー特性と、ポリマーインプラントからのステロイド類のインビトロ薬剤放出プロフィールに充填された薬剤との効果を記載する。更に詳しくは、この実施例では、ポリマー分子量(MW)、ラクチド−グリコリド(LG)比と、トライアムシナロンアセトニド(TA)またはジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン(BD)を含有するポリ(D,Lラクチド−コ−グリコリド)ポリマーインプラントからの、トライアムシナロンアセトニド(TA)またはジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン(BD)の放出プロフィールに充填されたステロイドとの効果を記載する。
Claims (34)
- インプラントを眼の眼球部位または領域に配置してから2ヶ月を超える期間、インプラントから治療有効量のステロイドの放出を持続させるのに有効な速度で薬剤を放出する生分解性ポリマーマトリックス中に分散されたステロイドを含んでなり、該生分解性ポリマーマトリックスは、生分解性ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)および生分解性ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)の混合物であり、該ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)およびポリ(D,L−ラクチド)は、それぞれ、遊離酸末端基を有することを特徴とする、生分解性眼内インプラント。
- ステロイドが、コルチコステロイドである請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- ステロイドが、フルオシノロン、トリアムシノロンおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- ステロイドに加えて、眼科的に許容される治療薬をさらに含む請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- マトリックスが、眼の硝子体にインプラントを配置してから3ヶ月より長い期間にわたって、インプラントからの治療有効量のステロイドの放出を持続させるのに有効な速度で薬剤を放出する請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- マトリックスが、眼の硝子体にインプラントを配置してから4ヶ月より長い期間にわたって、インプラントからの治療有効量のステロイドの放出を持続させるのに有効な速度で薬剤を放出する請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- ステロイドがフルオシノロンであり、マトリックスが、3ヶ月にわたって治療有効量のフルオシノロンの放出を維持するのに有効な速度で薬剤を放出する請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- ステロイドがトリアムシノロンであり、マトリックスが、3ヶ月を超える期間にわたって治療有効量のトリアムシノロンの放出を維持するのに有効な速度で薬剤を放出する請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- マトリックスが、3ヶ月〜6ヶ月にわたってトリアムシノロンの放出を持続するのに有効な速度で薬剤を放出する請求項8に記載のインプラント。
- ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)が、40キロダルトン未満の分子量を有する請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)が、20キロダルトン未満の分子量を有する請求項10に記載のインプラント。
- ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)が、10キロダルトン未満の分子量を有する請求項10に記載のインプラント。
- 各生分解性ポリマーの固有粘度が、0.16dl/g〜0.24dl/gの範囲である請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 各生分解性ポリマーの固有粘度が、0.2dl/gである請求項13に記載のインプラント。
- 押出法によって形成された請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 眼内インプラントは、患者の眼の硝子体中に配置するために構成された請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- ステロイドが、デキサメタゾン、フルオシノロン、フルオシノロンアセトニド、トリアムシノロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、これらの塩、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項16に記載のインプラント。
- 生分解性ポリマーマトリックスは、実質的にシリコーンを含まず、眼内インプラントは、患者の眼の硝子体内に配置するために構成された、請求項1に記載の生分解性眼内インプラント。
- ステロイドが、デキサメタゾン、フルオシノロン、フルオシノロンアセトニド、トリアムシノロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、これらの塩、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される請求項18に記載のインプラント。
- 錠剤の形状である請求項18に記載のインプラント。
- さらに、インプラントを眼内の硝子体に付着させるための接着材料を含む請求項18に記載のインプラント。
- 請求項1に記載の生分解性眼内インプラントを製造する方法であって、ステロイドとそれぞれ遊離酸末端基を有する生分解性ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)および生分解性ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)との混合物を押出し、インプラントを眼の眼球部位または領域に配置した時から2ヶ月を超える期間、インプラントから治療有効量のステロイドの放出を維持するのに有効な速度で、薬剤を放出する生分解性材料を形成する工程を含む方法。
- ステロイドがコルチコステロイドである請求項22に記載の方法。
- ステロイドが、フルオシノロンまたはトリアムシノロンである請求項22に記載の方法。
- さらに、押出工程の前に、ステロイドをポリマーと混合する工程を含む請求項22に記載の方法。
- ステロイド並びに生分解性ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−コ−グリコリド)および生分解性ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)が粉末状である請求項22に記載の方法。
- ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)が、40キロダルトン未満の分子量を有する請求項22に記載の方法。
- 各生分解性ポリマーの固有粘度が、0.16dl/g〜0.24dl/gの範囲である請求項22に記載の方法。
- インプラントを患者の眼に配置し、患者に、治療有効量のステロイドを少なくとも2ヶ月にわたって投与することによって患者の眼の症状を治療するための、請求項1に記載のインプラントである薬剤。
- 眼の症状が、眼の炎症である請求項29に記載の薬剤。
- インプラントを眼の後部に配置する請求項29に記載の薬剤。
- トロカールを使用してインプラントを眼に配置する請求項29に記載の薬剤。
- 注射器を使用してインプラントを眼に配置する請求項29に記載の薬剤。
- ステロイドに加えて、治療薬を患者に投与する請求項29に記載の薬剤。
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