JP5087066B2 - Lathe chuck and work machining method using the lathe chuck - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lathe chuck for gripping and positioning and fixing a workpiece, and a workpiece machining method using the lathe chuck.

  Usually, a lathe (general lathe), which is a machine tool, has a lathe chuck for gripping and positioning a workpiece, and the fixed workpiece is machined with a predetermined machining tool by rotating the lathe chuck at high speed. .

  As a lathe chuck, a structure using a plurality of claw chucks that extend in the radial direction from the center of rotation and can be advanced and retracted at the same time, for example, a three-way claw chuck is used (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-103113 A

  In the conventional lathe chuck as described above, each claw chuck advances and retreats at the same time, so that the workpiece can be easily and quickly gripped at the center thereof.

  However, since each claw chuck advances and retreats at the same time, the workpiece cannot be accurately positioned and fixed at the center, and the workpiece may be fixed in a slightly eccentric state. In addition, there are not a few eccentric workpieces before machining on a lathe, and in this case, it is more difficult to accurately position and fix the workpiece at the center of rotation of the lathe chuck.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such a conventional problem, and can provide a lathe chuck capable of easily and quickly gripping and positioning and fixing a workpiece, and capable of accurately adjusting the eccentric position of the workpiece. It is an object of the present invention to provide a workpiece machining method using the lathe chuck.

  The lathe chuck according to the present invention is a lathe chuck that grips and fixes a workpiece, and is disposed at an equal angle in the circumferential direction of the chuck body, and can be advanced and retracted in the radial direction simultaneously by operating a drive handle. Among the plurality of claw chucks and the claw chucks adjacent in the circumferential direction, the claw chucks are provided between at least two claw chucks and can be individually advanced and retreated in the radial direction, and are gripped by each claw chuck. And an adjustment pin capable of adjusting an eccentric position of the workpiece in contact with the workpiece.

  The workpiece machining method according to the present invention is a workpiece machining method for gripping and positioning and fixing a workpiece on a lathe chuck, and machining the workpiece. The workpiece machining method is arranged at an equal angle in the circumferential direction of the chuck body. A step of moving a plurality of claw chucks that can advance and retreat simultaneously in a direction by a drive handle to position the workpiece with reference to a rotation center of the lathe chuck, and at least between claw chucks adjacent in the circumferential direction A step of advancing and retracting an adjustment pin provided between two or more of the claw chucks, which can be individually advanced and retracted in the radial direction, and abutting each adjustment pin against the positioned workpiece; and applying each adjustment pin to the workpiece In the contacted state, the claw chuck is retracted and separated from the workpiece, and after the claw chuck is retracted, each adjustment pin is moved with respect to the workpiece. Adjusting the eccentric position of the workpiece, moving the claw chuck with respect to the workpiece whose eccentric position has been adjusted, and fixing the workpiece; and And machining the workpiece with a predetermined tool.

  According to such a configuration and method, conventionally, a plurality of claw chucks that advance and retract simultaneously in the radial direction and an adjustment pin that is arranged between the claw chucks and individually advances and retracts in the radial direction can be provided. Fine adjustment of the workpiece in the radial direction of the workpiece (adjustment of the eccentric position), which has been difficult with only the chuck, can be easily and accurately performed. Therefore, for example, even when the workpiece is displaced eccentrically with the claw chuck positioned and fixed, or when the workpiece itself is slightly eccentric due to its accuracy, the workpiece can be gripped easily and quickly. The positioning can be fixed, and the eccentric position can be adjusted accurately.

  In this case, if the adjustment pin includes a fixing nut fixed to the front surface of the chuck body and a screw that can be advanced and retracted in the radial direction by being screwed to the fixing nut, the adjustment pin can be simply used. It can be a structure.

  When an odd number of claw chucks are provided, the adjustment pin is provided at a position symmetrically opposed to each claw chuck with respect to the center of rotation of the lathe chuck, and the even number of claw chucks. In the case where the adjustment pin is provided, when the two adjustment pins are provided at positions symmetrically opposed to the rotation center of the lathe chuck, each adjustment chuck is attached to each claw chuck. In addition, the direction of the force by each adjustment pin can be made uniform in the circumferential direction of the lathe chuck, so that the positioning stability of the workpiece and the workability of the shake adjustment with the adjustment pin can be improved.

  According to the present invention, it is conventionally difficult to use only a claw chuck that advances and retracts simultaneously by providing a plurality of claw chucks that advance and retract simultaneously in the radial direction and an adjustment pin that is arranged between the claw chucks and advances and retracts individually in the radial direction. Thus, the fine adjustment of the deflection in the radial direction of the workpiece (adjustment of the eccentric position) can be easily and accurately performed. Therefore, for example, even when the workpiece is displaced eccentrically with the claw chuck positioned and fixed, or when the workpiece itself is slightly eccentric due to its accuracy, the workpiece can be gripped easily and quickly. The positioning can be fixed, and the eccentric position can be adjusted accurately.

1 is a perspective view of a lathe chuck according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the lathe chuck shown in FIG. 1. It is the partial cross section perspective view which excised the front surface of the chuck body. FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the chuck body shown in FIG. 3. It is a flowchart of the workpiece | work processing method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view of the lathe chuck which concerns on the modification of the lathe chuck shown in FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a lathe chuck according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings by giving preferred embodiments in relation to a work machining method using the lathe chuck.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a lathe chuck 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the lathe chuck 10 shown in FIG. The lathe chuck 10 according to the present embodiment is provided on a machining spindle of a lathe (general-purpose lathe) (not shown), and positions and fixes a workpiece, and is rotated at a high speed around the rotation center O by the machining spindle. Thus, the workpiece is processed with a predetermined processing tool (cutting tool).

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a lathe chuck 10 includes a flat cylindrical chuck main body 12 provided on a machining spindle of a known lathe (not shown) and an equiangularity (in increments of 120 °) in the circumferential direction of the front surface 12a. ) And three adjustments provided between the adjacent claw chucks 14 and the three claw chucks 14 for chucking the workpiece W (see the one-dot chain line in FIG. 2) simultaneously moving forward and backward in the radial direction. Pins 16a, 16b, and 16c are provided.

  The three claw chucks 14 are three-way claw chucks that can simultaneously advance and retract in the radial direction of the chuck body 12 by manually operating a drive handle 18 that can be attached to and detached from the side surface of the chuck body 12. That is, each claw chuck 14 can move forward and backward with respect to the rotation center O along each rail 20 extending radially from the rotation center O on the front surface 12 a of the chuck body 12, and each chuck surface 14 a toward the rotation center O. The outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W can be simultaneously grasped and positioned and fixed (see FIG. 2).

  Here, with reference to FIG.3 and FIG.4, an example of the advancing / retreating structure of the nail | claw chuck | zipper 14 by the drive handle 18 is demonstrated. 3 is a partially sectional perspective view of the chuck body 12 with the front surface 12a cut away, and FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the chuck body 12 shown in FIG. In addition, since the advancing / retreating structure of the claw chuck by such a drive handle is a known mechanism, the illustration thereof is simplified in FIGS. Of course, other than the advancing / retreating structure exemplified below can be adopted.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, on the inner side of the front surface 12 a inside the chuck body 12, there are a disk portion 22 a, a spiral protrusion 22 b erected on the front surface of the disk portion 22 a, and the center of the back surface. A spiral key member 22 having a protruding driven bevel gear 22c is provided. On the other hand, each claw chuck 14 is slidably engaged with the spiral protrusion 22b by a key groove 14b formed on the back surface thereof and having a curved shape corresponding to the spiral shape of the spiral protrusion 22b. .

  The driven bevel gear 22 c meshes with a drive bevel gear 24 a provided at the tip (lower end) of the drive shaft 24 rotated by the drive handle 18. Accordingly, when the drive handle 18 is rotated and the drive bevel gear 24a is rotated, the driven bevel gear 22c is also rotated, whereby the disc portion 22a and the spiral projection 22b are rotated about the rotation center O as an axis.

  Therefore, the vortex shape (spiral shape) of the vortex protrusion 22b is set to a shape (so-called Archimedean spiral) that approaches and separates from the origin at equal intervals depending on the rotation angle. Therefore, when the spiral protrusion 22b is rotated by the drive handle 18, each claw chuck 14 is simultaneously moved along the rail 20 (see FIG. 2) under the engagement action between the spiral protrusion 22b and the key groove 14b. And, it advances and retreats by equal distance in the radial direction.

  Returning to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the adjustment pins 16 a to 16 c are screws having a head that can be operated manually, and are screwed around the fixing nuts 26 fixed on the front surface 12 a of the chuck body 12. . Accordingly, when the operator rotates the heads of the adjustment pins 16a to 16c, the adjustment pins 16a to 16c rotate individually and move back and forth substantially steplessly.

  As can be understood from FIG. 2, the adjustment pins 16 a to 16 c are equiangular (120 ° between the claw chucks 14 arranged at equal angles (in increments of 120 °) in the circumferential direction of the front surface 12 a of the chuck body 12. Arranged in steps). That is, the adjustment pins 16a to 16c are respectively installed at positions that are symmetrically opposed to the rotation center O of the chuck body 12, and the claw chucks 14 and the adjustment pins 16a to 16c are equiangular in the circumferential direction. They are provided alternately in increments of 60 °.

  Next, a workpiece machining method using the lathe chuck 10 configured as described above will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  For example, when performing cutting to reduce the diameter of the circular rod-shaped workpiece W, first, the direction in which all the claw chucks 14 and the adjustment pins 16a to 16c are separated from the rotation center O according to the outer diameter of the workpiece W. Retreat moderately.

  Therefore, in step S1 of FIG. 5, the workpiece W is arranged near the center of each claw chuck 14 with the rotation center O as a reference, and the drive handle 18 is rotated to check the chuck surface 14a of the three claw chucks 14. The workpiece W is gripped and positioned and fixed.

  In step S2, in a state where the workpiece W is positioned and fixed by each claw chuck 14, all the adjustment pins 16a to 16c are advanced toward the rotation center O, and their tips are brought into contact with the workpiece W.

  In step S <b> 3, the drive handle 18 is rotated while maintaining the contact state of the adjustment pins 16 a to 16 c with the workpiece W, so that each claw chuck 14 is retracted and separated from the workpiece W. At this time, since the workpiece W is gripped by the adjustment pins 16a to 16c in step S2, the workpiece W does not fall off even if the claw chuck 14 is separated.

  In step S4, the machining spindle (not shown) of the lathe to which the lathe chuck 10 is attached is driven and controlled to rotate and feed the workpiece W positioned and fixed by the adjustment pins 16a to 16c at a predetermined low speed. However, a dial gauge (pick test) (not shown) is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W to perform a runout inspection (eccentricity inspection with respect to the rotation center O) of the workpiece W, and individually adjust the advance / retreat positions of the adjustment pins 16a to 16c. The eccentric position of the workpiece W is adjusted (centered).

  In step S5, the drive handle 18 is rotated with respect to the workpiece W that is positioned and fixed by the adjustment pins 16a to 16c and the eccentric position is adjusted in step S4, so that the claw chucks 14 are brought into contact again. As a result, the workpiece W is reliably positioned and fixed by the claw chuck 14 and the adjustment pins 16a to 16c in a state in which the swing adjustment is accurately performed.

  Accordingly, in step S6, the drive handle 18 is removed from the chuck body 12, and the machining spindle of the lathe is driven and controlled, and the lathe chuck 10 is rotationally driven at a prescribed machining speed. By applying, the workpiece W can be processed into a desired shape.

  As described above, according to the lathe chuck 10 and the workpiece machining method according to the present embodiment, the three claw chucks 14 that advance and retract simultaneously in the radial direction and the claw chucks 14 that are arranged between the respective claw chucks 14 are individually provided in the radial direction. By providing the advance and retreat adjusting pins 16a to 16c, fine adjustment (adjustment of the eccentric position) of the workpiece W in the radial direction, which has been difficult in the past only with the claw chuck that advances and retreats at the same time, is easily and accurately performed. be able to. Therefore, for example, even when the eccentric position of the workpiece W is shifted in a state where the workpiece is positioned and fixed by the claw chuck 14 or when the workpiece W itself is slightly eccentric due to its accuracy, the workpiece can be easily and quickly moved. W can be grasped and positioned and fixed, and its eccentric position can be adjusted accurately.

  In this case, the adjustment pins 16a to 16c are constituted by screws screwed to the fixing nut 26 fixed to the front surface 12a of the chuck body 12, thereby simplifying the structure and providing sufficient operability. Will be secured. Of course, the adjustment pins 16a to 16c may have other configurations as long as they can advance and retreat individually and can contact the workpiece W.

  Further, since the lathe chuck 10 has a simple configuration in which the adjustment pins 16a to 16c are added to the structure provided with the general claw chuck 14, when the workpiece W is accurately centered, When the workpiece W can be accurately adjusted in accordance with the procedure shown in FIG. 5 using the claw chuck 14 and the adjusting pins 16a to 16c, It is possible to use only the claw chuck 14 in a state where the adjustment pins 16a to 16c are retracted, and the versatility is high.

  In addition, like the lathe chuck 50 according to the modification shown in FIG. 6, the number of claw chucks and adjustment pins can be changed as appropriate. The lathe chuck 50 includes four claw chucks 14 and four adjustment pins 16a to 16d provided between them. The claw chucks 14 are arranged at equal intervals (in increments of 90 °) in the circumferential direction of the chuck body 12, and the adjustment pins 16a to 16d are also arranged at equal intervals (in increments of 90 °) in the circumferential direction. The claw chucks 14 and the adjustment pins 16a to 16d are alternately provided at equal angles (in increments of 45 °) in the circumferential direction.

  Accordingly, when an odd number of claw chucks 14 are provided as in the lathe chuck 10 shown in FIG. 2, the adjustment pins 16 a to 16 c rotate the lathe chuck 10 with respect to each claw chuck 14. While it is preferable to be provided at a position that is symmetrically opposed to the center O, when the even number of claw chucks 14 are provided like the lathe chuck 50 shown in FIG. It is preferable that the adjustment pins (for example, the adjustment pins 16 a and 16 c) are provided at positions that are symmetrically opposed to the rotation center O of the lathe chuck 50. Then, the direction of the force by each claw chuck and each adjustment pin can be made equal to the circumferential direction of the lathe chuck with respect to the work gripped at the center. It is possible to improve the workability of the shake adjustment.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that various configurations and processes can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, the adjustment pin does not have to be disposed between all adjacent claw chucks, and may be provided between at least two claw chucks.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 50 ... Lathe chuck 12 ... Chuck body 14 ... Claw chuck 16a-16d ... Adjustment pin 18 ... Drive handle 26 ... Fixing nut

Claims (4)

A lathe chuck for gripping and positioning and fixing a workpiece,
A plurality of claw chucks arranged at equal angles in the circumferential direction of the chuck body and capable of simultaneously moving back and forth in the radial direction by operating the drive handle;
Of the claw chucks adjacent in the circumferential direction, provided between at least two claw chucks and capable of moving forward and backward individually in the radial direction, and in contact with the workpiece gripped by each claw chuck An adjustment pin that can adjust the eccentric position of the workpiece,
Equipped with a,
Wherein the plurality of jaw chuck and the plurality of adjustment pin, lathe chuck, it characterized that you have been disposed by aligning the position in the axial direction of the chuck body. The lathe chuck according to claim 1,
The adjustment pin includes a fixing nut fixed to the front surface of the chuck body,
A screw that can be advanced and retracted in the radial direction by being screwed to the fixing nut;
A lathe chuck characterized by comprising: The lathe chuck according to claim 1 or 2,
In the case where an odd number of the claw chucks are provided, the adjustment pin is provided at a position opposite to each claw chuck symmetrically with respect to the rotation center of the lathe chuck,
When an even number of claw chucks are provided, the adjustment pin is provided at a position where the two adjustment pins are symmetrically opposed to the rotation center of the lathe chuck. . A workpiece machining method for gripping and positioning and fixing a workpiece on a lathe chuck and machining the workpiece,
A step of moving a plurality of claw chucks disposed at equal angles in the circumferential direction of the chuck body and capable of moving back and forth simultaneously in the radial direction by a drive handle, and positioning the workpiece with reference to the rotation center of the lathe chuck;
Among the claw chucks adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, adjustment pins provided between at least two claw chucks that can be individually advanced and retracted in the radial direction are advanced and retracted, and each adjustment pin is applied to the positioned workpiece. A contact process;
With each of the adjustment pins in contact with the workpiece, the step of retracting the claw chuck and separating it from the workpiece;
A step of adjusting the eccentric position of the workpiece by retreating each adjustment pin individually with respect to the workpiece after the claw chuck is retracted;
A step of advancing the claw chuck with respect to the workpiece whose eccentric position is adjusted, and fixing the workpiece;
Machining the fixed workpiece with a predetermined tool;
A workpiece machining method comprising:

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