JP5078355B2 - 脊椎安定化システム - Google Patents
脊椎安定化システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5078355B2 JP5078355B2 JP2006533266A JP2006533266A JP5078355B2 JP 5078355 B2 JP5078355 B2 JP 5078355B2 JP 2006533266 A JP2006533266 A JP 2006533266A JP 2006533266 A JP2006533266 A JP 2006533266A JP 5078355 B2 JP5078355 B2 JP 5078355B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flexible
- rod
- flexible element
- stabilization system
- spinal stabilization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Landscapes
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- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
Description
本発明は、脊椎の運動分節単位に対する軟質安定化システムに関する。具体的には、本発明は、少なくとも2つの骨ファスナーと、自然な脊椎運動に順応可能である可撓性の中央部分とを含む軟質安定化システムに関する。
本出願は、参照によりその全部が本明細書に組み入れられる、2003年5月23日に提出された米国特許出願第10/443,755号の一部継続出願である。
脊椎は、運動分節単位と通常呼ばれる一連の関節を含んでいる。運動分節単位は、脊椎全体の運動学的挙動の特性を呈する、脊椎の最小構成要素である。運動分節単位は、屈曲、伸展、側方屈曲、および平行移動が可能である。各運動分節単位の構成要素には、隣接する2つの椎骨とその椎間関節、椎間板、および結合性の靭帯組織が含まれる。運動分節単位の各構成要素が関節の機械的安定度に寄与している。
本発明は、概して、固定装置の補強として、または運動性を維持する非固定装置として、荷重分割を提供するような可撓性の脊椎安定化システムに関する。
本発明は、脊椎の少なくとも1つの運動分節単位の前部、前側部、側部、および/または後部に用いるための可撓性安定化システムに関する。本発明のシステムは、既存の中実な安定化システムと比較して周囲の組織および脈管構造への侵入性が少なくなるよう、脊椎の解剖学的構造に順応可能となるように設計される。
本発明のシステムの可撓性要素は、先行システムにおける従来の剛性を持つことなく、安定性、強度、可撓性、および抵抗性を提供する。可撓性要素は、本発明に基づいて種々の方法で設計することが可能であるが、設計の種類は、システムの最終的な実施様式(すなわち、側方用、後方用など)に応じて異なり得る。
本発明のシステムに含まれる骨ファスナーは、対象の骨に確実に固定された状態を維持しつつ、本発明の可撓性中央部分に取り付けることができる任意の種類のファスナーを含む。したがって骨ファスナーは、多軸スクリュー、螺旋状のブレード、伸展式スクリュー(Mollieボルトタイプファスナーなど、骨に挿入またはねじ止めされ、何らかの伸展機構により伸展するスクリュー)、従来のスクリュー、ステープル、および椎弓板下フック(sublaminar hook)などを含み得る。1つの態様において、骨ファスナーは、骨内での固定を強化するため、任意の数の好適な骨誘導性材料または骨伝導性材料でコーティングされる。別の態様において、骨ファスナーは、骨の内方成長を強化するため、または骨に対するファスナーの固定を強化するため、開窓を施される。
骨ファスナーは、回転能力を持つように設計してもよい。1つの態様において、骨ファスナーは、少なくとも約10°の回転自由度を有する。1つの態様において、骨ファスナーは、少なくとも約20°の回転自由度を有する。図19に示すように、さらに別の態様において、骨ファスナーは、約30°以上の自由度を有する。さらに別の態様において、骨ファスナーは、約45°以上の自由度を有する。本発明のこの局面において、受けセグメントの自由度は種々の方法により実現できる。例えば、挿入セグメント180および受けセグメント186は、球窩関節のように(図20)、すなわち、関節の回転機構により一部の球面可動域内で関節接合が可能になるように機能してもよい。挿入セグメント180の上部185が「球」として機能し、受けセグメント186が「窩」として機能する。さらに、可撓性セグメントが骨ファスナー内に組み込まれる(図17の挿入セグメント180の上部185付近に示されている点線部分)。
可撓性要素は、連結が拘束状態、非拘束状態、関節式、またはこれらの組合せとなるように、多数の方法でファスナーに取り付けることができる。例えば、図17に示すようにカラー上のロックバーを介して受けセグメントを挿入セグメントの上に固定したとき、可撓性要素は、挿入セグメントの受け要素の中で拘束状態になってもまたは強固に固定されてもよい。1つの態様において、可撓性要素200は、2つの骨ファスナー210と220との間でのみ可撓性である。本発明のこの局面において、可撓性要素は、側方荷重式または上方荷重式であってもよいヘッド212および222に挿入される。ヘッド212および222の中に可撓性要素を配置した後、締付けねじ224および226をヘッドに挿入して固く締めることにより、連結されたすべての要素を所定の位置に固定する。この設計により、2つの骨ファスナー間のみに可撓性を持たせることができる。
別の態様において、ギャップ、スレッド、切れ目、スリット、または開口部の空隙の全部または一部は、エラストマー、時間の経過とともに身体に吸収され得る材料(例えば、可撓性要素は最初剛性であるが、手術後の患者の回復に伴って徐々に可撓性が高くなるなど)、または薬剤(骨成長物質または化学療法剤など)などで充填してもよい。ギャップ、スレッド、切れ目、スリット、または開口部の空隙への材料封入は、可撓性要素の軸方向長さの一部のみに行っても、可撓性要素の外周の一部のみに行っても、またはその両方であってもよい。
手術を行う外科医にとって、脊椎または脊椎中の運動分節単位の修正は不確定性を伴う。運動分節単位を減圧すると、元の診断が変化する可能性がある。治療手技を実際に行うまで必要な器具が判明しないことがあり、かつ、元の診断が変化するかまたは増強されることもある。したがって本発明では、種々の可撓性セグメント部分、剛性ロッド、および種々の骨ファスナー、ならびに手術に必要なツールを含むキットも予期される。本発明のキットは、最適な脊椎安定化システムを患者に提供するため、手術中の外科医の選択肢を拡大することを意図している。本発明の脊椎安定化システムを実際に組み立てるための最も一般的な必須およびオプションの器具を含めることにより、より迅速に、かつ中央材料室から受け取るセットをより少なくして、修正手技を完了することができる。全体として、必要なすべての器具を1つの簡便なキットに含めることにより、病院スタッフの労働負担が少なくなり、かつ、手技に要する時間が短縮される。
Claims (28)
- 以下を含む、可撓性の脊椎安定化システム:
第一の端部、第二の端部、及び第一の直径と少なくとも第一のスリットとを有する第一の可撓性要素を含む第一のロッドであって、該第一のスリットは第一のパターンを形成し、該第一の可撓性要素は、該第一のロッドの一部であり、該第一の端部と該第二の端部との間に該第一のスリットによって形成され、該第一の端部と該第二の端部との間に一体式に形成され、かつ、該第一のスリットは該第一の端部側の第一の可撓性要素が該第二の端部に対し動くことができるようにしている、第一のロッド;
該第一の端部と接続された第一のファスナー;
該第二の端部と接続された第二のファスナー;ならびに
第二の直径と少なくとも第二のスリットとを有し、上記第一のロッドの内部に強固に適合する第二のロッドであって、該第二のスリットは上記第一のパターンとは異なる方向に第二のパターンを形成する、第二のロッド、
であって、該第一および第二のファスナーが、該脊椎安定化システムが第二の椎骨に対する第一の椎骨の動きを許容するように、該第一の椎骨の外面と該第二の椎骨の外面の間で少なくとも部分的に該第一のロッドを固定する、可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。 - 第一のロッドの第一の端部および第二の端部が管状構造を含む、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一のロッドの第一の端部および第二の端部が実質的に中実である、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素のスリットが、第一のロッドの一部の周囲で螺旋パターンを形成する、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、脊柱の前弯に対応するため、外部から荷重が印加されていない状態において湾曲している、請求項3記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の動きをすべての方向において1°〜30°に制限する、請求項3記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の動きをすべての方向において0°〜3°に制限する、請求項3記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の回転を1°〜30°に制限する、請求項3記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の回転を1°〜6°に制限する、請求項8記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の回転を0°〜3°に制限する、請求項3記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の回転を妨げる、請求項10記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の屈曲伸展を0°〜30°に制限する、請求項3記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の屈曲伸展を0°〜3°に制限する、請求項12記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の屈曲伸展を3°〜30°に制限する、請求項13記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の側方屈曲を0°〜30°に制限する、請求項3記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の側方屈曲を0°〜3°に制限する、請求項15記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の側方屈曲を3°〜30°に制限する、請求項15記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の軸圧縮を0 mm〜7 mmに制限する、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の軸圧縮を0.5 mm〜7 mmに制限する、請求項18記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素が、第二の端部に対する第一の端部の軸圧縮を0 mm〜1 mmに制限する、請求項18記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 上記第一のスリットおよび上記第二のスリットが、互いに反対方向の螺旋パターンを形成する、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 上記第二のロッドを内部に有する上記第一のロッドを2つ備え、上記第一のロッド同士はトランスコネクタで接続されている、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一および第二のファスナーが骨ファスナーである、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 第一の可撓性要素に形成された第一のスリットがロッド全体にわたる、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 上記第二のロッドは、第三の端部および第四の端部と少なくとも上記第二のスリットとを有する第二の可撓性要素を含み、
上記第二の可撓性要素は、該第三の端部と該第四の端部の間に配置され、該第三の端部と該第四の端部との間に一体式に形成され、かつ第四の端部に対する該第三の端部の動きを許容し、
上記第二のロッドは、前記第一の椎骨の外面と前記第二の椎骨の外面の間に少なくとも部分的に配置される請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。 - 前記第一のロッドおよび第二のロッドが、前記第二の椎骨に対する前記第一の椎骨の前後方向における制限された動きを許容し、かつ、実質的に側部への屈曲を制限する、請求項25記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 前記第一の可撓性要素が、前記第二の椎骨に対する前記第一の椎骨の前後方向における制限された動きを許容し、かつ、実質的に側部への屈曲を制限する、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
- 前記第一のファスナーが、前記第一の椎骨に部分的に配置される椎弓根スクリューである、請求項1記載の可撓性の脊椎安定化システム。
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US10/762,533 US6989011B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-01-23 | Spine stabilization system |
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JP2007502692A JP2007502692A (ja) | 2007-02-15 |
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EP (1) | EP1628563B1 (ja) |
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JP5078355B2 (ja) | 2003-05-23 | 2012-11-21 | グローバス メディカル インコーポレイティッド | 脊椎安定化システム |
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- 2005-10-06 US US11/244,035 patent/US7559942B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO2004105577A2 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
EP1628563B1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
JP2007502692A (ja) | 2007-02-15 |
KR20060073536A (ko) | 2006-06-28 |
WO2004105577A3 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
US7559942B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 |
US20060041259A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
KR101150539B1 (ko) | 2012-06-01 |
EP1628563A2 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
EP1628563A4 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
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