JP4998880B2 - 骨粗鬆症の予防又は改善剤 - Google Patents
骨粗鬆症の予防又は改善剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4998880B2 JP4998880B2 JP2007148078A JP2007148078A JP4998880B2 JP 4998880 B2 JP4998880 B2 JP 4998880B2 JP 2007148078 A JP2007148078 A JP 2007148078A JP 2007148078 A JP2007148078 A JP 2007148078A JP 4998880 B2 JP4998880 B2 JP 4998880B2
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Description
1)スジ部を除去したサメ肉又はその脱脂物を有効成分とする骨粗鬆症の予防又は治療剤。
2)スジ部を除去したサメ肉又はその脱脂物を含有する食品。
3)スジ部を除去したサメ肉又はその脱脂物を含有する骨粗鬆症の予防又は改善用食品。
使用される有機溶媒としては、例えばエタノール、アセトン、四塩化炭素、エーテル、ヘキサン、クロロホルム等が挙げられ、これらを組み合わせて使用するのが好ましい。例えば、50〜100%のエタノールを用いる方法、エタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン等を組み合わせて行う方法等が好適に挙げられる。
脱脂物の有機溶液からの分離は、遠心分離、濾過等を用いればよい。
(1)アミノ酸分析
サメfascia及びmuscle中のアミノ酸濃度を測定するために逆相HPLCを用いたアミノ酸分析を行った。また、サメwholeもサンプルとして用いた。
サメfascia、muscle及びwholeは脱脂・水戻し・凍結乾燥を行い、1mgずつを封入試験管に採取した。6N HCl 1 mlを添加した後、封管し、110 ℃で18時間加水分解を行った。加水分解終了後、開封し、真空遠心機(Thermo Electron社製、SPEEDVAC(登録商標))により乾固した。乾固後、ミリQ水を1 ml加えて結晶を完全に溶解し、これをアミノ酸分析用サンプルとした。
分析条件は以下の通りである。
・送液(流速1.0 ml/min)
A buffer:97% 50mM酢酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH6.0) / 3%アセトニトリル
B buffer:60%アセトニトリル水溶液
グラジェントは 0分:A buffer 100%、0〜15分:B buffer 0→70%、15〜25分:B buffer 70→100%、25〜26分:B buffer 100%、26〜28分:B buffer 0% とした。
・カラムはTSKgel ODS-80TsQA(東ソー社製)を用いた。測定温度は40 ℃、検出は254 nmとした。
(1)卵巣摘出動物作製法
閉経後骨粗鬆症モデルラットを作製するために卵巣摘出手術(ovx)を施した。また、対照として同様の手術によるストレスを与えるために偽手術(sham)を施した。
手術はエーテル麻酔下で行い、ラットのわき腹を1 cm程度切りピンセットを用いて卵巣を取り出し、輸卵管をカンシで挟み縫合糸で縛る。その後卵巣を切除、摘出し、腹部の縫合を行った。sham群では卵巣を取り出し確認した後、そのまま戻して縫合した。以上の操作を左右両方の腹部で行った。
卵巣摘出モデルラットへのサメfascia、またはmuscleを含む食餌の効果を検証するために以下の実験を行った。
15週齢のWistar系雌ラット30匹を固形飼料で飼育し、卵巣摘出手術または偽手術の4日前にAIN-93組成に従った20%カゼイン含粉末飼料に切り替えた。ラットが17週齢になった時点で卵巣摘出手術または偽手術を施した。手術前日にラットを体重が等しくなるようにOVX群とsham群の2群に分けた。手術の1週間後にOVX群を体重が等しくなるように20%カゼイン含粉末飼料を与える群(ovx casein群)、タンパク源をfasciaで置き換えた粉末飼料を与える群(ovx fascia群)及びタンパク源をmuscleで置き換えた粉末飼料を与える群(ovx muscle群)の3群に分け、サンプル食を4週間投与した。食餌組成は表2に示す。ラットは解剖の24時間前から絶食とし、解剖時には採血、体重・臓器重量の測定、両足大腿骨の切除を行った。
全ての動物は常時給餌・給水環境で飼育し、体重測定を週1回、食下量測定を1日または2日おきに行った。
DICHROMA SCAN PCS-600(Aloka社製)を用いた二重エネルギーX線吸収測定法(DEXA:dual energy X-ray absorptiometry)により、ラット右大腿骨の骨密度(BMD:bone mineral density)を測定した。
前処理として大腿骨を70%エタノールに4℃で数日間浸し、付着している筋肉組織等をピンセットで可能な限り除去した。大腿骨の近位部(骨盤側)から末端部(膝側)までを20部位に分割した各分割部位においてBMD測定を行った。
二重エネルギーX線吸収測定法(DEXA)による右大腿骨骨密度の結果を図1に、そのうちovx群間での差がみられたslice N0.15およびNo.18を図2に示す。
大腿骨末端部のslice No.18にあたる部位は骨内面に棘状、梁状に存在して骨梁を形成している海綿骨が多くを占めており、エストロゲン欠乏によりいち早く骨密度が減少する部位として知られている。
slice No.18においてsham casein群が229.9±5.6 mg/cm2であったのに対し、ovx casein群では211.2±3.8 mg/cm2であり、有意な減少が認められた。また、ovx群間での有意な差はみられず、ovx fascia群およびovx muscle群とsham casein群との間にも有意な差は認められなかった。これらのことから、サメfasciaおよびmuscleの投与により卵巣摘出に起因する骨密度の有意な減少を抑制したと考えられる。また、slice No.15においてはovx muscle群で129.6±1.2 mg/cm2であり、ovx casein群(124.8±2.5 mg/cm2)、ovx fascia群(126.4±1.1 mg/cm2)と比較して有意に上昇しており、muscle投与による骨密度改善効果が見られた。ovx casein群とovx fascia群の間に有意差は認められなかったが、数値はovx fascia群のほうが高かった。なお、sham casein群は134.8±2.4 mg/cm2であり、ovx群全体に対して有意に高かった。
サメfascia、muscleの骨強度への効果を検討するために、骨強度測定を行った。
骨強度の測定には右大腿骨を用いた。骨密度の測定に用いた右大腿骨をPBS(−)に1時間浸した後クリープメーター(山電社製、RE-33005)による三点曲げ試験を行い、最大荷重(gf)を破断強度とした。結果を図4に示す。
ovx casein群の最大荷重は11567±347 gfであり、sham casein群の12880±298 gfと比較して有意に減少していた。ovx fascia群(12077±188 gf)もsham casein群と比べて有意な減少が認められたが、ovx casein群に対しては上昇傾向を示した(P<0.1 by Student's t-test)。 また、ovx muscle群は12503±305 gfであり、ovx casein群に対して有意な上昇がみられた。ovx muscle群とsham casein群、ovx fascia群間には有意差は検出されなかった。よって、卵巣摘出によって大腿骨骨強度は有意に減少するが、サメmuscleを投与することでshamレベルにまで骨強度を改善できるということが言える。
脾臓、末梢血及び骨髄中のB細胞の変動を観察するためにフローサイトメトリーを行った。
解剖時に脾臓を切除し、生理食塩水中で氷冷保存した。これをセルストレーナー(BD FalconTM製)を用いてすりつぶして濾し取り、RPMI中に懸濁した。セルカウンター(Sysmex, E-520)で細胞数を測定し、3×106個をエッペンチューブに分注した。3500 rpm, 4℃で5分間遠心した後に上清を捨て、cell wash buffer( 1 % BSA,セルウォッシュ)で10倍希釈したFC blockTMを20 μl添加して、IgG上のFc受容体を遮断した。5分後、抗ラットCD45R抗体を10 μl添加し、暗所で30分間反応させた。その後cell wash bufferを1000 μl添加、攪拌後3500 rpm, 4℃で5分間遠心して上清を捨てた。ここまでの操作は全て4 ℃で行い、これ以降の操作は全て室温で行った。洗浄後、赤血球を除くためにfix buffer (Lysing solutionをミリQ水で10倍に希釈したもの)を500μl添加し、攪拌後3500 rpm, 4℃で5分間遠心して上清を捨てた。これを2回繰り返し、最後にcell wash bufferを750μl添加した。
骨髄細胞は、解剖時に摘出した左大腿骨中の骨髄組織を23Gの針とシリンジを用いてPBS(−) 5 mlで2回洗い流すことにより得た。流れ出た骨髄組織を氷冷下で1分間放置し、脂肪細胞などを沈殿させた。上清の9 mlを取り、1600 rpm, 4℃で10分間遠心した後、上清を捨てた。1 mlのRPMIを加えて懸濁し、セルカウンターで細胞数を測定して2×106個をエッペンチューブに分注した。以後の操作は脾臓と同様に行ったが、骨髄細胞は赤血球が少ないためfix bufferによる固定は1回のみ行った。
脾臓、末梢血及び骨髄由来の各サンプルは懸濁後ナイロン膜(フロン工業社製)で濾過し、フローサイトメトリー(BD FACSCaliburTM、Becton Deckinson社製)により免疫細胞の変動を測定した。
フローサイトメトリー分析によるCD45R陽性細胞測定の結果を表3に示す。
骨髄中のCD45R陽性細胞のうち、未熟B細胞であるCD45R低発現細胞はsham casein群と比較してovx casein群、ovx fascia群及びovx muscle群で有意に上昇していた。未熟B細胞はRANKのリガンドであるRANKLを発現する。マクロファージ及び破骨細胞が発現するRANKとRANKLが結合すると、破骨細胞の分化・活性化が促進され、結果として骨吸収が促進される。本実験においても、卵巣摘出によって骨髄中の未熟B細胞が増加し、骨吸収が促進され骨密度の低下が起こったものと考えられる。成熟B細胞であるCD45R高発現細胞はovx muscle群でsham群に対する有意な増加がみられた。また、CD45R陽性細胞全体における未熟B細胞の割合はsham casein群と比較してovx casein群で有意な上昇が認められた。この上昇はovx muscle群においては認められず、ovx fascia群においては傾向を示す(P<0.1 by Student's t-test)に留まった。卵巣摘出により増加した未熟B細胞の分化がサメfascia及びmuscleの投与により促進されたと考えられる。
Claims (1)
- スジ部を除去したサメ肉又はその脱脂物を有効成分とする骨粗鬆症の予防又は治療剤。
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JPS61209572A (ja) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-09-17 | Akio Matsuura | 加工食料品の製造方法 |
JPS6379576A (ja) * | 1986-09-22 | 1988-04-09 | Taiyo Fishery Co Ltd | 畜肉様食品素材の製造方法 |
JPS63294762A (ja) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-12-01 | Taiyo Fishery Co Ltd | 精製肉の製法 |
JP3434482B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-06 | 2003-08-11 | 株式会社中華高橋水産 | サメ肉を主材とする成形食品及びその製造方法 |
JP2002051740A (ja) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-19 | Kyodo Suisan Kk | サメ類落身の製造方法およびその製造装置 |
JP3853783B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2006-12-06 | 幸四郎 儀間 | サメの身または皮の加工方法 |
JP3840614B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-22 | 2006-11-01 | 剛 佐久間 | ハンバーガーの製造方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-06-04 JP JP2007148078A patent/JP4998880B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
- 2008-01-24 WO PCT/JP2008/000079 patent/WO2008149479A1/ja active Application Filing
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