JP4953291B2 - Fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel cell vehicle, and more particularly to a fuel cell vehicle that controls a power generation amount of a fuel cell to an appropriate value in consideration of a charging characteristic and a charging state of a secondary battery.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a fuel cell vehicle that is equipped with a fuel cell that generates power upon receiving a reaction gas, and that travels by driving a prime mover with power generated by the fuel cell. Usually, such a fuel cell vehicle is equipped with a secondary battery that stores the generated power of the fuel cell and the regenerative power during vehicle braking, and the required power of the entire fuel cell vehicle system is less than a predetermined value. Is well known to have a configuration in which power generation by the fuel cell is suspended and power is supplied from the secondary battery.

Patent Document 1 discloses a fuel including a secondary battery having a capacity characteristic capable of supplying a maximum amount of power required by the entire fuel cell vehicle system at least during a predetermined period from the time when the operation of the fuel cell is resumed. A configuration of a battery vehicle is disclosed. In a fuel cell that generates power by a chemical reaction using a reactive gas, it may take some time until the amount of power generation fully recovers when the operation is resumed after a temporary suspension. According to the configuration described above, the fuel cell Even when there is a high load request during the suspension of the vehicle, this can be immediately covered by the power supplied from the secondary battery, so that it is possible to prevent a delay in response to the occupant's throttle operation.
JP 2005-190938 A

  However, the technique of Patent Document 1 is for appropriately supplying power by a secondary battery, that is, for appropriately discharging the secondary battery, and considering the charging characteristics and charging state of the secondary battery. There was no disclosure or suggestion regarding controlling power generation.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell vehicle that solves the above-described problems of the prior art and controls the power generation amount of the fuel cell to an appropriate value in consideration of the charging characteristics and state of charge of the secondary battery. .

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention relates to a secondary battery connected in parallel to a fuel cell and supplying electric power to an electric motor as a driving source of the vehicle, and an entire fuel cell vehicle including required electric power of the electric motor. In a fuel cell vehicle comprising a control unit for calculating system required power, the remaining capacity of the secondary battery divided into a plurality of sections and the system required power divided into a plurality of sections are used. A matrix-like data table for deriving a target generated power value is provided so that the system required power in each section and the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the remaining capacity of the secondary battery overlap each other between adjacent sections. The control unit includes a control unit that controls the power generation amount of the fuel cell based on a target power generation value defined in each section of the data table. There is first characterized in that.

  Further, the second feature is that the required power of the electric motor is calculated based on the throttle opening and the vehicle speed.

  A third feature is that the target generated power value is set so as to decrease as the remaining capacity of the secondary battery increases.

  Further, the control unit includes a first delay time until the power generation amount of the fuel cell is actually increased after the target generated power value shifts to an adjacent section according to an increase in the system required power, and the system A second delay time until the power generation amount of the fuel cell is actually reduced after the target generated power value shifts to an adjacent section in accordance with a decrease in required power is set to the second delay time from the first delay time. The fourth feature is that the delay time is set to be shorter.

  According to the first invention, a matrix-like data table for deriving the target generated power value of the fuel cell from the remaining capacity of the secondary battery divided into a plurality of sections and the system required power divided into the plurality of sections And the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the system required power in each section and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery are set to overlap each other between adjacent sections, and the control unit Since it includes a control unit that controls the amount of power generated by the fuel cell based on the target power generation value defined for each category, it is possible to reduce the number of transitions between categories and increase the steady power generation period of the fuel cell. Become. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is increased, the cruising distance that can be traveled by filling the reaction gas once is increased, and further, the performance deterioration due to the deterioration of the fuel cell can be prevented. In addition, the power generation amount of the fuel cell can be appropriately controlled according to the state of charge of the secondary battery.

  According to the second invention, since the required power of the electric motor is calculated based on the throttle opening and the vehicle speed, the target generated power value of the fuel cell frequently changes particularly in response to the occupant's throttle operation. It becomes possible to prevent the change.

  According to the third aspect of the invention, the target generated power value is set to be smaller as the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is larger. Therefore, overcharge of the secondary battery is prevented, and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is reduced. Can always be kept within a predetermined range.

  According to the fourth invention, the control unit includes a first delay time until the power generation amount of the fuel cell is actually increased after the target generated power value shifts to an adjacent section according to an increase in system required power. The second delay time until the power generation amount of the fuel cell is actually reduced after the target generated power value shifts to the adjacent section in accordance with the decrease in the system required power is set to the second delay time from the first delay time. Since the time is set to be shorter, it is possible to prevent excessive voltage during charging of the secondary battery and to stably use the secondary battery. In addition, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the secondary battery in order to improve the charging characteristics of the secondary battery, and an increase in the size of the fuel cell vehicle can be prevented. Furthermore, in order to appropriately charge the secondary battery, it is not necessary to adjust the response and output characteristics of the electric motor to the occupant's throttle operation, and the high drivability of the fuel cell vehicle can be maintained.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a fuel cell motorcycle according to an embodiment of the present invention. A fuel cell motorcycle 1 as a fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel power generation system including a hydrogen supply system for generating electrical energy through a chemical reaction, an air supply system, and a cell stack (including electrodes, separators, electrolytes, and the like). In the following, a cell stack and a case for housing the cell stack are referred to as a fuel cell. The fuel cell motorcycle 1 includes a main frame 3 joined to the head pipe 4 at the front, an underframe 7 joined to the head pipe 4 and extending downward, and joined to the main frame 3 and extended rearward. And a rear frame 8. A pair of left and right front forks 5 are attached to the head pipe 4 so as to be steerable by a handle 6, and a front wheel WF is rotatably supported at the lower end of the front fork 5. A unit swing 12 is swingably attached to a pivot portion 10 provided at the rear end portion of the under frame 7 and is suspended from the main frame 3 by a rear cushion 11. The unit swing 12 incorporates a drive motor 13 as a prime mover that is a power source of the fuel cell motorcycle 1, and a rear wheel WR is pivotally supported on a rear wheel shaft 14 driven by the drive motor 13.

  In the space surrounded by the main frame 3 and the under frame 7, a water pump 19 that pumps cooling water, a scroll compressor 21 that pumps air, a humidifier and an air humidifier that are integrally configured. A dryer 22, a fuel cell 20 that generates power by a chemical reaction using hydrogen gas, and a control unit 30 that performs power generation control of the fuel cell 20 are accommodated. The fuel cell 20 having a rectangular shape when viewed from the side is arranged so that the rectangle is vertically long at the front portion of the pivot portion 10. A gas-liquid separator 23 and a dilution box 24 are attached below the fuel cell 20.

  A radiator 16 for cooling water that cools the fuel cell 20 is attached in front of the under frame 7, and an air cleaner 17 is disposed at the upper side of the head pipe 4. The air introduced from the air cleaner 17 is supplied to the fuel cell 20 via an intake pipe 18 to which a sensor for measuring an intake air amount and the like is attached. A pair of hydrogen cylinders 25 for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell 20 are mounted on the left and right sides of the rear frame 8, and the hydrogen charged in the hydrogen cylinder 25 is supplied by a hydrogen cylinder regulator (see FIG. 2). The pressure is lowered and supplied to the fuel cell 20. A pair of vertically arranged secondary batteries 15 are attached to the left and right sides of the front fork 5, and the electric power generated by the fuel cell 20 together with the electric power of the secondary battery 15 and the drive motor 13 and Supplied to electric loads such as lighting equipment.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell motorcycle according to an embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 31 provided in the control unit 30 adjusts the amount of hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen cylinder 25 to the fuel cell 20 by driving a hydrogen cylinder regulator 42, and a DC / DC converter as a voltage conversion module. 26 is controlled to adjust the power generation output of the fuel cell 20. In addition, the secondary battery 15 and the fuel cell 20 are connected in parallel, and are controlled by the inverter 40 that controls the power supplied to the power load 43 such as a lighting device and the control unit 31 between them. A motor driver 41 that issues a drive signal to the drive motor 13 is connected. The electric power generated by the fuel cell 20 is appropriately supplied to the secondary battery 15, the electric power load 43, and the drive motor 13 according to the traveling state of the vehicle.

  The control unit 30 includes a secondary battery remaining capacity detection unit 32 that detects the remaining charge capacity of the secondary battery 15, a target generated power value derivation table 33 as a data table, and a system request for calculating the required power of the entire vehicle. It includes a power calculation unit 34, a motor driving force calculation unit 35 that calculates the required driving force of the drive motor 13, and a power load required power detection unit 36 that detects the required power of the power load 43. The system required power calculator 34 calculates the required driving force of the driving motor 13 calculated by the motor driving force calculator 35 based on the information from the vehicle speed sensor 50 and the throttle opening sensor 51, that is, the required power of the driving motor 13. The “system required power”, which is the required power of the entire vehicle, is calculated from the sum of the required power of the power load 43 detected by the power load required power detection unit 36 and transmitted to the control unit 31. Then, the control unit 31 is defined in the target generated power value derivation table 33 from the “system required power” and the “secondary battery remaining capacity” detected by the secondary battery remaining capacity detection unit 32. A “target generated power value” is derived, and the hydrogen cylinder regulator 42 and the DC / DC converter 26 are driven and controlled so as to realize this generated power value.

  FIG. 3 is a target generated power derivation table according to an embodiment of the present invention. As described above, the target generated power derivation table 33 includes the “system required power” calculated by the system required power calculation unit 34 and the “remaining capacity of the secondary battery” detected by the secondary battery remaining capacity detection unit 32. Is a data table set in advance by experiments or the like in order to derive the “target generated power value” of the fuel cell 20. In this embodiment, the system power requirements are (1) 0 to 1.1, (2) 0.9 to 2.1, (3) 1.9 to 3.1, (4) 2.9 to 4. In addition, the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is (1) 0 to 27, (2) 23 to 52, (3) 48 to 77, (4) 73 to 100. It is divided into 4 categories [%]. Then, the target generated power value corresponding to each category is defined in the matrix-shaped cells (sections) formed by the respective segments, and the control unit 31 performs the “system required power” and “remaining secondary battery power”. The power generation control of the fuel cell 20 is executed based on the “target generated power value” uniquely obtained from the value of “capacity”.

  In the target generated power derivation table 33 according to the present embodiment, for example, the target generated power derived when the system required power is 1.5 [kW] and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is 10 [%] is 2.3 [kW]. Further, when the system required power is the same 1.5 [kW] and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 15 is 80 [%], the target generated power value is 0.8 [kW], and the secondary battery 15 By setting so that the target generated power value becomes smaller as the remaining capacity of the battery becomes larger, the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 15 is always kept within a predetermined range (for example, 50 to 60%). ing.

  The change in the system power requirement is mainly caused by a change in the power requirement of the drive motor 13. This is directly influenced by the throttle operation when the vehicle is accelerated or decelerated. However, the fuel cell 20 that generates power through a chemical reaction using hydrogen gas has the highest power generation efficiency during steady operation, and it is difficult to adapt the operation to change the power generation amount linearly according to the throttle operation. Furthermore, the operation in which the power generation amount frequently changes may reduce the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. In order to deal with this, in the present embodiment, the system required power defined in the target generated power derivation table 33 is set so that the target generated power value is not frequently changed in response to the throttle operation. It is divided into four sections with a predetermined numerical width, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value constituting the numerical width are overlapped between the sections, and hysteresis, that is, an operation delay is generated when moving between the sections. Yes. As a result, the number of transitions between sections can be reduced, and the steady power generation period of the fuel cell 20 can be extended. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 20 is increased, and the cruising distance that can be traveled by one hydrogen filling can be extended, and the performance of the fuel cell 20 can be prevented from being degraded. In addition, in the remaining capacity of the secondary battery, there is a low possibility of frequent transition between categories due to fluctuations, but there is a slight hysteresis during transition between categories, as in the system power requirement category. Is set to

  On the other hand, as described above, the fuel cell motorcycle 1 includes the secondary battery 15 that stores the generated power of the fuel cell 20 and the regenerative power when the vehicle is braked. Is less than a predetermined value, the power generation by the fuel cell 20 is temporarily suspended and power is supplied from the secondary battery 15. However, since the fuel cell 20 requires some time until the power generation amount sufficiently recovers when the operation is resumed after the temporary suspension, when there is a high load request such as sudden acceleration during the suspension of the fuel cell 20, A configuration is applied in which the power supplied from the secondary battery 15 is covered by this to prevent delay in response to the occupant's throttle operation.

  Then, after power is supplied from the secondary battery 15, control for charging with the generated power of the fuel cell 20 is performed in order to return the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 15 to a predetermined range. However, normally, there is a limit to the voltage range that can be used when charging the secondary battery, and charging with a large voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined value may increase the burden on the secondary battery. For this reason, in this embodiment, the power generation amount of the fuel cell is controlled in consideration of the charging characteristics of the secondary battery as described above. Hereinafter, the power generation control of the fuel cell 20 and the charge control method of the secondary battery 15 will be described with reference to FIG.

  4A to 4D are graphs showing power generation control of a fuel cell and charge control of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a): system required power value, (b) target Each of the generated power value, (c): the actual generated power value of the fuel cell, and (d): the discharge / charge power value of the secondary battery, shows the transition with time. FIG. 4A shows that the system required power value starts to increase from zero at time t1, reaches a steady value of W2 [kW] from time t3, and then starts decreasing at time t4, and again at time t6. A state of zero is shown.

  At this time, the control unit 31 determines the target generated power value based on the target generated power derivation table 33 shown in FIG. 3, but the time t2 when the system required power value reaches W1 that is the upper limit value of the predetermined section. Even after elapse, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the target generated power value after the segment shift is not applied immediately, and only after reaching the time t21 after the first delay time Ta has elapsed. The increased target generated power value is set to be applied. Then, when the time t4 is reached and the system required power value starts to decrease and reaches the time t5 when it falls to the lower limit value W of the category, the target generated power value after the segment shift is not applied immediately. The reduced target generated power value is set to be applied only after reaching the time t51 after the second delay time Tb has elapsed.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, as the system required power value increases or decreases, even if the section indicated in the target generated power value derivation table shifts to an adjacent section, immediately after the transition, The target power generation value is not applied. When the category shifts with an increase in the system required power value, the first delay time Ta is provided until the target generated power value after the segment shift is actually applied, and the system required power value When the segment shifts with a decrease, the second delay time Tb is provided until the target generated power value after the segment shift is actually applied. Here, the second delay time Tb is set to be shorter than the first delay time Ta.

  Next, referring to FIG. 4C, the fuel cell 20 receives a power generation start command at the time when the target generated power value after the transition to the segment is actually applied at time t21, and rises due to a recovery delay after the temporary suspension. After the period has elapsed, at time t22, steady power generation is performed at the target generated power value. Then, at time t51, when the target generated power value after the segment shift is actually applied, a power generation stop command is received, and at time t51, the state returns to a complete stop state.

  Next, referring to FIG. 4D, the reason why the second delay time Tb is set shorter than the first delay time Ta will be clarified. The secondary battery 15 starts discharging at time t1, but returns to the steady state when power generation of the fuel cell 20 is started at time t22. At time t4, charging with the generated power of the fuel cell 20 is started in order to recover the discharged power as the system required power value starts to decrease. In the present embodiment, by setting the second delay time Tb to a predetermined value, the charging started at time t4 ends at t51 when the fuel cell 20 receives a power generation stop command. However, for example, when the second delay time Tb is set to be the same as the first delay time Ta, the charging of the secondary battery 15 will be continued until the time t53. Thus, when charging is performed through a route indicated by a thick broken line in the figure, there is a possibility that the voltage range that can be used for charging is exceeded.

  In order to cope with the above-described problems, in the present embodiment, the second delay time Tb is set shorter than the first delay time Ta, thereby preventing excessive voltage during charging and charging of the secondary battery 15. By performing charging in consideration of the characteristics, the secondary battery 15 can be used stably. Further, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the secondary battery 15 in order to improve the charging characteristics of the secondary battery 15, and the enlargement of the fuel cell motorcycle 1 can be prevented. Further, in consideration of the charging characteristics of the secondary battery 15, adjustment such as changing the response and output characteristics of the drive motor 13 with respect to the occupant's throttle operation becomes unnecessary, and high drivability of the fuel cell motorcycle 1 can be maintained. It becomes like this. In addition, since each set value in the target generated power derivation table 33 can be selected in advance by an experiment or the like, the power generation of the fuel cell 20 according to the charging characteristics and the charging status of the secondary battery 15 to be applied. Control can be performed.

  Each set value in the target generated power value derivation table, the set values of the first delay time and the second delay time, the form of the fuel cell and the secondary battery, etc. are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various Of course, it is possible to modify this.

1 is a side view of a fuel cell motorcycle according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell motorcycle according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a target generated electric power derivation | leading-out table which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the electric power generation control of the fuel cell which concerns on this embodiment of this invention, and the charge control of a secondary battery.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 ... Drive motor, 15 ... Secondary battery, 20 ... Fuel cell, 26 ... DC / DC converter, 30 ... Control unit, 31 ... Control part, 32 ... Secondary battery remaining capacity detection part, 33 ... Derivation of target generated electric power value Table: 34 ... System required power calculation unit, 35 ... Motor driving force calculation unit, 36 ... Power load required power detection unit, 41 ... Motor driver, 42 ... Hydrogen cylinder regulator, 50 ... Vehicle speed sensor, 51 ... Throttle opening sensor

Claims (4)

A secondary battery (15) connected in parallel to the fuel cell (20) and supplying electric power to an electric motor (13) as a drive source of the vehicle, and a system for the entire fuel cell vehicle including the required electric power of the electric motor (13) In a fuel cell vehicle (1) comprising a control unit (30) for calculating required power,
Matrix data for deriving a target generated power value of the fuel cell (20) from the remaining capacity of the secondary battery (15) divided into a plurality of sections and the system required power divided into a plurality of sections A table (33) ,
The system required power in each section and the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the remaining capacity of the secondary battery (15) are set so as to overlap each other between adjacent sections,
The control unit (30) includes a control unit (31) for controlling the power generation amount of the fuel cell (20) based on the target generated power value defined in each section of the data table (33) . A fuel cell vehicle. The fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the required power of the electric motor (13) is calculated based on a throttle opening and a vehicle speed. 2. The fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the target generated power value is set to be smaller as the remaining capacity of the secondary battery (15) is larger. The control unit (30) includes a first delay time (Ta) until the target generated power value is actually increased after shifting to an adjacent section according to an increase in the system required power, and the system required power. decrease a second delay time to reduce the actual the target generated power value after the transition to the segment adjacent in response to the (Tb), the first delay time (Ta) from said second delay time ( The fuel cell vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Tb) is set to be shorter.

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