JP4831417B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4831417B2 JP4831417B2 JP2006335114A JP2006335114A JP4831417B2 JP 4831417 B2 JP4831417 B2 JP 4831417B2 JP 2006335114 A JP2006335114 A JP 2006335114A JP 2006335114 A JP2006335114 A JP 2006335114A JP 4831417 B2 JP4831417 B2 JP 4831417B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 139
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 116
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Description
図1は、本発明が適用された燃料電池システムのシステム構成図である。
図1において、燃料電池システム10は、燃料電池20に燃料ガス(水素ガス)を供給するための燃料ガス供給系統4と、燃料電池20に酸化ガス(空気)を供給するための酸化ガス供給系統7と、燃料電池20を冷却するための冷却系統3と燃料電池20からの発電電力を充放電する電力系統9とを備えて構成されている。
H2→2H++2e-・・・(1)
(1/2)O2+2H++2e-→H2O・・・(2)
H2+(1/2)O2→H2O・・・(3)
次の本発明に係る動作を説明する。
まず、本実施形態における燃料電池の生成水量の検出および掃気のための酸化ガス量の決定方法を説明する。
生成水量g=(∫I×M(H2O))/2F …(4)
図4の低温生成水−電流特性f3に示すように、低温起動時当初は、電流量Iの増加とともに水分の生成量も増えていくが、ある程度時間が経過すると、生成水が凍結してガス流通が阻害されるが故に電流量Iが低下していき、電気光学反応が殆ど行われなくなった段階で電流がゼロとなる。
It+1=I(Vt、Tt、gt) …(5)
上記原理に基づく動作は、以下の機能ブロックによって実現される。
図2に、制御部80を中心として実現される起動時の低効率運転時における機能ブロック図を示す。図2に示すように、起動時における低効率運転時、当該燃料電池システム10は、生成水量検出手段101とガス供給制限手段102とを備える。
出力電流検出手段1011は、時刻tにおける燃料電池20の出力電流Itを検出するもので、電流センサ98および制御部80が相当している。出力電流積算手段1012は、検出された出力電流Itを低効率運転開始から検出タイミング毎に積算し積算値∫Iを出力するもので、制御部80の内部メモリと制御部80とが対応している。生成水量演算手段1013は、積算した出力電流∫Iに基づいて時刻tにおける生成水量gtを推測するもので、制御部80が相当している。
次に、図6のフローチャートに基づいて本実施形態の低効率運転の動作を説明する。このフローチャートは、所定の制御タイミング毎に実行されるものとする。以下は時刻tにおける制御タイミングにおいて、システムの各部の状態を計測することにより、次回の制御タイミングである時刻t+1の酸化ガス供給量を推測するフィードフォワード制御処理を例示するものである。
本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されることなく種々に変形して適用可能である。
上記実施形態では、燃料電池20の温度として、冷却液の燃料電池出口温度を温度センサ32により検出していたが、これに限らない。
Claims (5)
- 暖機運転時に燃料電池へのガス供給量を制限して低効率運転を実施する燃料電池システムにおいて、
該低効率運転時に、該燃料電池において生成される水分量を検出する生成水量検出手段と、
検出された該水分量に基づいて該燃料電池へのガス供給量を制限するガス供給制限手段と、を備えたことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記生成水量検出手段は、
前記燃料電池の出力電流を検出する出力電流検出手段と、
検出された前記出力電流を検出タイミング毎に積算する出力電流積算手段と、
積算した前記出力電流に基づいて生成水量を推測する生成水量演算手段と、を備える、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ガス供給制限手段は、
前記燃料電池の出力電圧を検出する出力電圧検出手段と、
前記燃料電池の温度を検出する温度検出手段と、
推測された前記生成水量、検出された該出力電圧、および検出された前記温度に基づいて、所定時間後の出力電流を推測する次回電流推測手段と、
推測された該所定時間後の出力電流に基づいて前記燃料電池に供給すべきガス流量を推測するガス流量推測手段と、
推測された該ガス流量を前記燃料電池に供給するガス供給制御手段と、
を備えた請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池のなかで相対的に条件が悪くなる部分の状況に基づいて前記水分量を検出する、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ガス供給制限手段は、カソードガスの供給を制限する、
請求項1または3に記載の燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006335114A JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | 燃料電池システム |
US12/297,992 US8268501B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | Fuel cell system, control method therefor, and movable body |
KR1020087029140A KR101046559B1 (ko) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | 연료전지시스템, 그 제어방법 및 이동체 |
PCT/JP2007/074186 WO2008072755A1 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | 燃料電池システム、その制御方法、および移動体 |
CN2007800282504A CN101496210B (zh) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | 燃料电池系统、其控制方法及移动体 |
DE112007002655.3T DE112007002655B4 (de) | 2006-12-12 | 2007-12-11 | Brennstoffzellensystem und Steuerungsverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006335114A JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2008147093A JP2008147093A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
JP4831417B2 true JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2011-12-07 |
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JP2006335114A Active JP4831417B2 (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | 燃料電池システム |
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---|---|
US (1) | US8268501B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4831417B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101046559B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101496210B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112007002655B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008072755A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8088522B2 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2012-01-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system and mobile body |
JP2009199751A (ja) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-09-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、および、燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
JP5235450B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2013-07-10 | キヤノン株式会社 | 燃料電池の凍結検知方法 |
JP5412780B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-26 | 2014-02-12 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
KR101013860B1 (ko) | 2008-11-25 | 2011-02-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 시스템의 워터트랩내 응축수 배출 제어 방법 |
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JP2007141744A (ja) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-06-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
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DE112007002655T5 (de) | 2009-09-10 |
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