JP4824337B2 - 皮膚外用剤 - Google Patents
皮膚外用剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4824337B2 JP4824337B2 JP2005130730A JP2005130730A JP4824337B2 JP 4824337 B2 JP4824337 B2 JP 4824337B2 JP 2005130730 A JP2005130730 A JP 2005130730A JP 2005130730 A JP2005130730 A JP 2005130730A JP 4824337 B2 JP4824337 B2 JP 4824337B2
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Description
エステル化ステロイドとの併用が難しい化合物としては、イミダゾール系抗真菌薬などの塩基性化合物、尿素、グリセリンなどが挙げられ、例えば、イミダゾール系抗真菌薬による不安定化には多価アルコールとHEC/HPC(特許文献1:特開平4−124134号公報)、尿素による不安定化には中性アミノ酸と無機塩(特許文献2:特開平7−97326号公報)を用いることによって、それぞれ安定化していることが報告されている。また、グリセリンによる不安定化、グリセリンとジフェンヒドラミンによる不安定化の促進を、極性油によって抑制していることも報告されている(特許文献3:特開2001−247463号公報)。
ところで、酸化亜鉛の患部の収斂・消炎・保護・緩和な防腐効果を期待して、エステル化ステロイドと酸化亜鉛などの亜鉛化合物を配合した皮膚外用剤が古くから市販されているが、近年エステル化ステロイドが酸化亜鉛との併用で分解することがわかってきた。酸化亜鉛との併用によるエステル化ステロイドの分解抑制は非常に重要な課題であるが、解決方法はいまだ報告されておらず、併用する亜鉛化合物の配合量を少量に限って外用剤としているのが現状である。
(1)(A)エステル化ステロイド、(B)亜鉛化合物3重量%以上、および(C)デンプン、結晶セルロースおよび水溶性高分子からなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含有する液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(2)エステル化ステロイドがヒドロコルチゾン−21−酢酸エステル、プレドニゾロン−21−酢酸エステル、プレドニゾロン−17−吉草酸−21−酢酸エステルである(1)記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(3)水溶性高分子が、カルボキシビニルポリマー、アクリル酸・メタクリル酸アルキル共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドン、キサンタンガム、カラギーナン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである(1)または(2)記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(4)さらに、塩基性有機化合物を含有する(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(5)塩基性有機化合物が、リドカイン、ジブカイン、ベンゾカイン、プロカイン、メプリルカインおよびメピバカインからなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上である(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(6)さらにキレート剤又は油性基剤を含有する(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(7)実質的に無水である(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(8)痔疾用である(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(9)軟膏剤または液剤である(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
また、本発明は以下の(10)〜(13)に示すエステル化ステロイドの安定化方法をも包含する。
(10)デンプン、結晶セルロースまたは水溶性高分子のいずれか1種以上、亜鉛化合物3重量%以上およびエステル化ステロイドを併用することを特徴とする、エステル化ステロイドの安定化方法。
(11)さらに、塩基性有機化合物を併用する(10)記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
(12)さらにキレート剤および油性基剤のいずれかを併用する(10)または(11)記載のエステル化ステロイドの安定化方法。
(13)実質的に無水である(10)〜(12)のいずれかに記載のエステル化ステロイドの安定化方法。
なお、本明細書中、特に言及しない限り、%は重量%を意味するものとする。
ステロイドとしては、副腎皮質ホルモン、性ホルモンなどの生理活性ホルモンなどが挙げられ、具体的にはヒドロコルチゾン、プレドニゾロン、メチルプレドニゾロン、クロベタゾン、ベタメタゾン、デキサメタゾン、フルメタゾン、ベクロメタゾン、フルチカゾン、フルニソリドなどが挙げられ、好ましくはヒドロコルチゾン、プレドニゾロン、クロベタゾンである。
エステル化するカルボン酸としては酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、吉草酸、ピバル酸、安息香酸等が挙げられ、好ましくは酢酸、酪酸、吉草酸である。
エステル化ステロイドの具体例としては、例えば、ヒドロコルチゾン−21−酢酸エステル、ヒドロコルチゾン−17−酢酸エステル、ヒドロコルチゾン−17−酪酸エステル、ヒドロコルチゾン−17−吉草酸エステル、ヒドロコルチゾン−17−酪酸−21−プロピオン酸エステル、ヒドロコルチゾン−17−酪酸−21−プロピオン酸エステル、プレドニゾロン−21−酢酸エステル、プレドニゾロン−17−吉草酸−21−酢酸エステル、メチルプレドニゾロン−21−酢酸エステル、クロベタゾン−17−酪酸エステル、ベタメタゾン−21−酢酸エステル、ベタメタゾン−17−吉草酸エステル、ベタメタゾン−17−安息香酸エステル、ベタメタゾン−17,21−ジプロピオン酸エステル、ベタメタゾン−17−酪酸−21−プロピオン酸エステル、デキサメタゾン−21−吉草酸エステル、デキサメタゾン−21−酢酸エステル、デキサメタゾン−21−プロピオン酸エステル、フルメタゾン−21−酢酸エステル、フルメタゾン−21−ピバル酸エステル、プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン等が挙げられ、特にヒドロコルチゾン−21−酢酸エステル(酢酸ヒドロコルチゾン)、プレドニゾロン−17−吉草酸−21−酢酸エステル(吉草酸酢酸プレドニゾロン)、クロベタゾン−17−酪酸エステル(酪酸クロベタゾン)が好ましい。
これらのエステル化ステロイドは単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
本発明の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤における亜鉛化合物の配合量は、3重量%以上で本発明の効果を奏すれば特に制限されないが、皮膚外用剤全重量に対して3〜50%、好ましくは4〜30%、さらに好ましくは4〜15%、特に好ましくは10〜15%程度であれば良い。
デンプンはアミロペクチンとアミロースの二成分から構成されるD−グルコースの重合体で、無味・無臭の白色粉末であり、具体的には例えば、コムギデンプン、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、コメデンプン、カラスムギデンプン、タピオカデンプン、オオムギデンプン、溶性デンプン、アルファー化デンプン、部分アルファー化デンプン等が挙げられ、好ましくはトウモロコシデンプン、溶性デンプンである。
本発明の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤における塩基性有機化合物の配合割合は、液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤全重量に対して通常0.001〜15%、好ましくは0.005〜10%、特に好ましくは0.01〜5%程度である。
本発明に用いることができるキレート剤は、医薬品または医薬部外品にて通常使用されているものであれば特に制限されないが、例えば、カルボン酸類(クエン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、エチレンジアミン四酢酸など)、リン酸類(メタリン酸、ポリリン酸、ピロリン酸、ヘキサメタリン酸、フィチン酸など)、ホスホン酸類(1−ヒドロキシエタン−1,1−ジホスホン酸など)、及びそれらの薬学上許容される塩類(エチレンジアミン四酢酸二ナトリウム・二水和物(エデト酸ナトリウム)、クエン酸ナトリウム、フィチン酸ナトリウム)などが挙げられる。
本発明に用いることができる油性基剤は、医薬品または医薬部外品にて通常使用されているものであれば特に制限されないが、例えば、白色ワセリン、黄色ワセリン、流動パラフィン、パラフィン、スクワラン、スクワレン、ゲル化炭化水素、ハードファット、マイクロクリスタリンワックス、オゾケライト、セレシン、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、ベヘニン酸、イソステアリン酸、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、オクタン酸セチル、ミリスチン酸オクチルドデシル、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、ステアリン酸ブチル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、ミリスチン酸ミリスチル、ジメチルオクタン酸ヘキシルデシル、乳酸セチル、乳酸ミリスチル、ステアリン酸イソセチル、イソノナン酸イソノニル、イソノナン酸トリデシル、イソステアリン酸イソセチル、12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸コレステリル、ジ−2−エチルヘキサン酸エチレングリコール、ジペンタエリスリトール脂肪酸エステル、モノイソステアリン酸N−アルキルグリコール、ジカプリン酸ネオペンチルグリコール、リンゴ酸ジイソステアリル、ジ−2−ヘプチルウンデカン酸グリセリン、トリ−2−エチルヘキサン酸トリメチロールプロパン、トリイソステアリン酸トリメチロールプロパン、テトラ−2−エチルヘキサン酸ペンタエリスリトール、トリ−2−エチルヘキサン酸グリセリン、トリオクタン酸グリセリン、トリイソパルミチン酸グリセリン、トリイソステアリン酸トリメチロールプロパン、セチル2−エチルヘキサノエート、2−エチルヘキシルパルミテート、トリミリスチン酸グリセリン、トリ(カプリル・カプリン酸)グリセリル、トリ−2−ヘプチルウンデカン酸グリセライド、パルミチン酸2−ヘプチルウンデシル、アジピン酸ジイソブチル、アジピン酸ジ−2−ヘプチルウンデシル、セバシン酸ジ−2−エチルヘキシル、ミリスチン酸2−ヘキシルデシル、パルミチン酸2−ヘキシルデシル、アジピン酸2−ヘキシルデシル、セバシン酸ジイソプロピルなどの油分、高重合メチルポリシロキサン、ジフェニルポリシロキサン、メチルポリシロキサン、ジメチルポリシロキサン、アルキル変性ジメチルポリシロキサン、メチルフェニルポリシロキサン、メチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、トリメチルシロキシケイ酸、メチルシクロポリシロキサン、ジメチルシロキサン・メチル(ポリオキシエチレン)シロキサン・メチル(ポリオキシプロピレン)シロキサン共重合体、ジメチルシロキサン・メチル(ポリオキシエチレン)シロキサン共重合体、ジメチルシロキサン・メチル(ポリオキシプロピレン)シロキサン共重合体、ポリオキシエチレン・メチルポリシロキサン共重合体、ポリ(オキシエチレン・オキシプロピレン)・メチルポリシロキサン共重合体、ジメチルシロキサン・メチルセチルオキシシロキサン共重合体、ジメチルシロキサン・メチルステアロキシシロキサン共重合体、ステアロキシメチルポリシロキサン、セトキシメチルポリシロキサン、セチルジメチコン、セチルジメチコンコポリオール、ラウリルメチコンコポリオール、ステアリルジメチコンコポリオール、アクリル酸アルキル共重合体メチルポリシロキサンエステル、架橋型メチルポリシロキサン、架橋型メチルフェニルポリシロキサン、架橋型ポリエーテル変性シリコーン、架橋型アルキルポリエーテル変性シリコーン、架橋型アルキル変性シリコーンなどのシリコーンなどがあげられ、好ましくは白色ワセリン、流動パラフィン、スクワラン、ゲル化炭化水素、ハードファット、マイクロクリスタリンワックスが挙げられる。
これらは、1種若しくは2種以上を任意に組み合わせて用いることができる。
抗ヒスタミン剤:クロルフェニラミン、マレイン酸クロルフェニラミン、ジフェンヒドラミン、塩酸ジフェンヒドラミン、ジフェニルピラリン、塩酸ジフェニルピラリン、イプロヘプチン、イソチペンジル、ジフェテロール、トリプロリジン、トリペレナミン、トンジルアミン、プロメタジン、メトジラジン、カルビノキサミン、アリメマジンまたはこれらの塩など。
血管収縮剤:テトラヒドロゾリン、ナファゾリン、オキシメタゾリン、フェニレフリン、エフェドリン、メチルエフェドリン、エピネフリン、メトキシフェナミンまたはこれらの塩など。
抗ウイルス剤:アシクロビル、ペンシクロビルなど。
抗真菌剤:イトラコナゾール、塩酸アモロルフィン、塩酸クロコナゾール、塩酸テルビナフィン、塩酸ネチコナゾール、塩酸ブテナフィン、クロトリマゾール、ケトコナゾール、シクロピロクスオラミン、硝酸イソコナゾール、硝酸エコナゾール、硝酸オキシコナゾール、硝酸スルコナゾール、ビホナゾール、ピマリシン、フルコナゾール、フルシトシン、ミコナゾール、ラノコナゾールなど。
創傷治癒剤:アルミニウムクロロヒドロキシアラントイネート、酸化亜鉛など。
抗酸化剤:ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、アスコルビン酸、エリソルビン酸、エデト酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸、亜硫酸ナトリウム、L−システイン塩酸塩など。
抗シワ剤:ビタミンA及びその誘導体、グリコール酸、アシル化グルコサミン、カイネチン、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、アロエ、コラーゲン、ヒアルロン酸、トリペプチド、海藻エキス、マロニエエキス、ローズマリーエキス、ヤグルマソウエキスなど。
本発明の皮膚外用液剤において、エステル化ステロイド、デンプン、結晶セルロース、水溶性高分子の配合量などは前記液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤で用いたものと同様である。
本発明の方法において、エステル化ステロイド、デンプン、結晶セルロース、水溶性高分子の配合量などは前記液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤で用いたものと同様である。
表1に記載の処方に従って、精製水0.07mlおよびメタノール約20mlを混合した溶液に、酸化亜鉛0.4gと、トウモロコシデンプン、ポリビニルピロリドンまたはカルボキシビニルポリマーを投入して十分撹拌した後、ヒドロコルチゾン−21−酢酸エステルを加えて溶解させ、全量をメタノールで100mlとして製剤(液剤)を調製した。これを50℃の恒温槽にて保管し、96、300時間後にヒドロコルチゾン−21−酢酸エステルの残存率をHPLCにて定量した。
結果を表1に示す。
このようにエステル化ステロイドが分解しやすい酸化亜鉛を含む溶液系において、ポリビニルピロリドン、トウモロコシデンプンまたはカルボキシビニルポリマーによって、エステル化ステロイドが顕著に安定化されていることが示された。
表2、3に記載の処方に従って、油性基剤および/またはマクロゴールに、前記基剤に溶解する成分(l−メントールを除く)を加温して溶解させた後、残りの成分を逐次添加してホモミキサーによる攪拌・分散を行い、撹拌しつつ30℃まで冷却して半固形状皮膚外用剤(軟膏剤)を調製した。
これを40℃、湿度75%の恒温槽にて保管し、6ヶ月後に酢酸ヒドロコルチゾンの濃度をHPLCにて定量し、残存率(%)を算出した。また必要に応じて、3ヶ月後にも定量した。
結果を表2、3に示す。
また表3から、実施例2は6ヶ月後でも残存率がほぼ100%であり、実施例3〜5においても約90%の残存率であるのに対して、比較例2〜4では添加物や基剤について種々検討しているが、ステロイドエステルの安定化効果は不十分であることがわかった。
実施例1および実施例1から亜鉛を除いた比較例5の製剤を調製し、これらを試験製剤とした。
Wistar系ラットを、起炎処置前に36時間絶食を行い、起炎剤(6%クロトン油/エーテル混液:蒸留水:ピリジン:ジエチルエーテル=10:1:4:5)を綿棒に160μl浸し麻酔下で肛門部に10秒間差込み起炎させて、痔モデルラットを作成した。起炎4時間後に試験製剤150mgを肛門部から挿入し、アロンアルファおよびクリップで肛門部を閉じた。起炎24時間後に、直腸肛門部を摘出し、肛門上皮の生際から5mm〜20mmの15 mmの湿重量を測定し、直腸肛門係数(RAC:直腸肛門部の湿重量(g)/体重(g)×1000)を算出した。
また対照例として、製剤を投与しない無処置のラットのRAC、製剤を投与しない痔モデルラットの起炎24時間後のRACを算出した。
結果を表4に示す。
吉草酸酢酸プレドニゾロン 0.15
酸化亜鉛 4.0
トウモロコシデンプン 5.0
ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース 0.2
リドカイン 1.0
アラントイン 0.2
イソステアリルアルコール 3.0
オクチルドデカノール 2.0
セタノール 1.5
マクロゴール400 50
マクロゴール4000 残量
計 100%
酢酸プレドニゾロン 0.1
酸化亜鉛 10
結晶セルロース 5.0
塩酸リドカイン 1.0
パラフィン 8.0
流動パラフィン 2.0
白色ワセリン 残量
計 100%
酢酸ヒドロコルチゾン 0.5
酸化亜鉛 15.0
バレイショデンプン 3.0
塩酸ジブカイン 0.5
パラフィン 8.0
流動パラフィン 2.0
ゲル化炭化水素 残量
計 100%
酪酸クロベタゾン 0.05
酸化亜鉛 3.0
カルボキシビニルポリマー 0.5
ヒドロキシエチルセルロース 0.3
クロタミトン 5.0
ジフェンヒドラミン 1.0
無水エタノール 35
プロピレングリコール 15
精製水 残量
計 100%
酢酸デキサメタゾン 0.5
酸化亜鉛 10
カルボキシビニルポリマー 1.0
カラギーナン 0.10
ジブカイン 1.0
無水エタノール 15
濃グリセリン 10
1,3-ブチレングリコール 5.0
ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油60 4.0
トリエタノールアミン 0.40
精製水 残量
計 100%
吉草酸酢酸プレドニゾロン 0.15
硫酸亜鉛 5.0
カルボキシビニルポリマー 1.0
キサンタンガム 0.3
アラントイン 0.2
1,3-ブチレングリコール 10
パルミチン酸イソプロピル 3.0
モノステアリン酸ソルビタン 3.0
モノステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン 3.0
トリエタノールアミン 0.5
精製水 残量
計 100%
Claims (11)
- (A)エステル化ステロイド、(B)亜鉛化合物3重量%以上、および(C)デンプンおよび結晶セルロースからなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含有する液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- エステル化ステロイドがヒドロコルチゾン−21−酢酸エステル、プレドニゾロン−21−酢酸エステル、プレドニゾロン−17−吉草酸−21−酢酸エステルである請求項1記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- さらに、塩基性有機化合物を含有する請求項1又は2に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- 塩基性有機化合物が、リドカイン、ジブカイン、ベンゾカイン、プロカイン、メプリルカインおよびメピバカインからなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- さらに、キレート剤および油性基剤からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含有する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- 実質的に無水である請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- 痔疾用である請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- 軟膏剤又は液剤である請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- さらに、鎮痒剤、抗ヒスタミン剤、抗炎症剤、血管収縮剤、ビタミン剤、抗菌剤、抗ウイルス剤、抗真菌剤、創傷治癒剤、角質軟化剤、鎮痛剤、保湿剤、美白剤、収斂剤、抗酸化剤、発毛抑制剤、抗シワ剤、基剤、界面活性剤、増粘剤、保存剤およびpH調整剤からなる群より選択される1種又は2種以上を含有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- さらに、スクワラン、酢酸トコフェロール、アラントイン、メントール、イソプロピルメチルフェノール、マクロゴール、タルク、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、ポリビニルピロリドン、プラスチベース、ワセリン、流動パラフィン、モノステアリン酸グリセリン、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、イソステアリルアルコール、オクチルドデカノール、セタノール、パラフィン、ゲル化炭化水素、カルボキシビニルポリマー、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、クロタミトン、ジフェンヒドラミン、エタノール、プロピレングリコール、カラギーナン、グリセリン、1,3−ブチレングリコール、トリエタノールアミン、キサンタンガム、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、モノステアリン酸ソルビタンおよびモノステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンからなる群より選択される1種又は2種以上を含有する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の液状又は半固形状皮膚外用剤。
- デンプン又は結晶セルロースのいずれか1種以上、亜鉛化合物およびエステル化ステロイドを併用することを特徴とする、エステル化ステロイドの安定化方法。
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