JP4824047B2 - FIXED BED MICROBIO REACTOR, METHOD FOR PRESSURE DEPRESSION, AND FIXED BED MICROBIO CULTURE DEVICE - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fixed bed type microbial reactor in which raw water is passed through a fixed bed on which microorganisms are supported, a depressurization method thereof, and a fixed bed type microbial culture apparatus for culturing microorganisms supported on a fixed bed.

Conventionally, for example, a fixed bed type microbial reactor is known as a treatment apparatus for waste water using immobilized microorganisms. In this fixed bed type microbial reactor, anaerobic bacteria such as autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and methane bacteria may be used as microorganisms to be immobilized.
In particular, when treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, autotrophic anaerobic ammonia oxidation is a microorganism that causes a reaction to directly generate nitrogen from ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. (So-called Anammox bacteria) may be used. As a result, denitrification can be achieved simply by oxidizing 50% of the ammonia nitrogen in the influent wastewater to nitrite nitrogen, and the amount of oxygen supplied for nitrification can be halved. Further, since it is not necessary to supplement a hydrogen donor from the outside for denitrification, it is possible to construct an innovative nitrogen removal process.
Thus, it is disclosed in Patent Document 1 that wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen is treated using autotrophic anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria.

However, autotrophic bacteria such as the above-mentioned anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a very slow growth rate compared to other microorganisms, so it is necessary to grow them by culturing them while fixing them to a fixed bed under anaerobic conditions. .
Further, when wastewater treatment is performed using autotrophic bacteria fixed on a fixed bed, it is necessary to keep the autotrophic bacteria at a high density in order to perform high load processing.

In addition, when wastewater treatment or culturing is performed in a fixed bed type microbial reactor in which autotrophic bacteria are fixed to a fixed bed, the drainage water to the fixed bed constructed in the reactor body is flown up or down. It is possible to do it. However, when the upward flow is adopted, the flow of gas generated by the reaction of bacteria and the flow of wastewater are in the same flow direction (because both gas and wastewater rise), so the bacteria are wound up by the generated gas. In addition to ascending, there is a risk that this bacterium will accompany the wastewater flow and flow out in large quantities.
If bacteria flow out in a large amount in this way, problems such as taking a lot of time to start up the apparatus, including preparation work for bacteria, and unstable wastewater treatment arise.
In particular, since it is difficult to obtain bacteria having a very slow growth rate such as the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, it is not easy to add additionally to replenish outflowed bacteria.

On the other hand, when downflow is adopted, the flow of gas and wastewater generated by the reaction of bacteria in the fixed bed is countercurrent (gas rises and drainage falls), so bacteria react to generate. Even if the bacteria are rolled up by the rising of the gas, the floating of the bacteria is suppressed by the flow of the waste water, and a large amount of microorganisms can be prevented from flowing out from the fixed bed. As a result, it is possible to shorten the startup time of the apparatus and stabilize the wastewater treatment.
However, when downflow is adopted, the rising of the generated gas is suppressed by the flow of the drainage, so that the gas stays in the fixed bed remarkably, and the flow path of the drainage flowing down is uneven. This causes a problem that the flow rate of the waste water decreases.
Note that Patent Document 2 discloses a fixed bed reactor that employs a downward flow.
JP 2007-117967 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-113650

  Therefore, in the present invention, in order to solve the above problem, when raw water such as waste water is passed through autotrophic bacteria such as anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria having a slow growth rate, the gas generated by the reaction of the bacteria is fixed. The fixed bed type microbial reactor capable of effectively suppressing the reduction of the flow rate of the raw water by staying in the bed and improving the treatment efficiency of the raw water, its decompression method, and the autotrophic bacteria are efficiently used. The present invention provides a fixed bed type microorganism culturing apparatus capable of culturing well.

A fixed bed type microbial reactor, a depressurization method thereof, and a fixed bed type microbial culture apparatus that solve the above problems have the following characteristics.
That is, as described in claim 1, in a fixed bed type microbial reactor in which raw water is passed through a fixed bed on which microorganisms are supported, a reactor main body constituting the fixed bed, and the fixed bed in the reactor main body. An exhaust pipe that communicates with an empty space above, a chamber that is disposed in the middle of the exhaust pipe, a first on-off valve that is disposed between the chamber and the exhaust pipe outlet in the exhaust pipe, A second on-off valve disposed between the chamber and the reactor main body in the exhaust pipe, and a decompression pump connected to the chamber.
Thereby, after depressurizing the chamber in a state where the first on-off valve and the second on-off valve in the exhaust pipe are closed, the second on-off valve is opened to rapidly depressurize the inside of the reactor body, thereby reacting microorganisms. The gas that is generated by the gas and stays in the fixed bed can be rapidly expanded and expelled from the fixed bed by causing rupture, and the gas staying in the fixed bed is effectively removed. Is possible.
Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the state where the flow path of the raw water passing through the fixed bed is biased or the state where the flow path area of the raw water is reduced, and to effectively recover the reduced flow rate of the raw water. It is possible to improve the treatment efficiency of raw water.

Further, as described in claim 2, the volume of the chamber is 30 to 150% of the volume of the empty portion of the reactor body.
This makes it possible to relatively easily obtain a reduced pressure state of the chamber that can effectively remove the gas remaining in the fixed bed.

Further, as described in claim 3, the volume of the chamber is 3 to 50% of the volume of the reactor body.
This makes it possible to relatively easily obtain a reduced pressure state of the chamber that can effectively remove the gas remaining in the fixed bed.

Moreover, as described in claim 4, the raw water is passed from the upper side to the lower side of the fixed floor.
As a result, even if the microorganisms are wound up by the floating of the gas generated by the reaction of the microorganisms in the fixed bed, the floating of the microorganisms is suppressed by the flow of the drainage, and the microorganisms can be prevented from flowing out from the fixed bed in large quantities. . This also ensures a stable reaction by the microorganism.

Moreover, as described in claim 5, the fixed bed is made of beer-coal-shaped coal.
As described above, the fixed bed composed of beer-coal-forming charcoal is relatively easy to process, and since it contains various elements, the growth of microorganisms is good and the raw water treatment capacity is excellent. be able to.

Moreover, as described in claim 6, the microorganism is an autotrophic anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacterium.
Thus, by using autotrophic anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria as the microorganism, half of the ammonia nitrogen in the raw water flowing into the reactor main body is sublimated when treating the raw water containing ammonia nitrogen. Denitrification is possible simply by oxidizing it to nitrate nitrogen, the oxygen supply required for nitrification can be halved, and there is no need to supply a hydrogen donor from the outside for denitrification. It is possible to build a removal process.

In addition, as described in claim 7, a fixed bed type microbial culture apparatus for culturing microorganisms supported on a fixed bed, wherein the culture apparatus body in which the fixed bed is configured, and the culture apparatus body in the culture apparatus body An exhaust pipe communicating with an empty space above the fixed floor, a chamber disposed in the middle of the exhaust pipe, and a first opening / closing disposed between an outlet of the exhaust pipe and the chamber in the exhaust pipe A valve, a second on-off valve disposed between the chamber and the culture apparatus main body in the exhaust pipe, and a decompression pump connected to the chamber, and raw water is passed through the fixed bed. .
Thus, after depressurizing the chamber in a state where the first on-off valve and the second on-off valve in the exhaust pipe are closed, the second on-off valve is opened to suddenly depressurize the inside of the reactor body, thereby It is possible to expedite the gas staying in the fixed bed rapidly by expanding the gas and joining the bubbles together, etc., and to expel the gas staying in the fixed bed effectively. It becomes possible.
Therefore, the flow rate of raw water passing through the fixed bed can be ensured, and microorganisms can be cultured efficiently and in a short period of time.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to remove effectively the gas which stayed in the fixed bed by reaction of the microorganisms currently carry | supported by the fixed bed.
Therefore, the flow path of the raw water passing through the fixed bed is prevented from being biased or the flow area of the raw water is reduced, and the decrease in the flow rate of the raw water can be effectively suppressed. The reaction efficiency of the raw water can be improved.
In addition, the microorganisms supported on the fixed bed can be cultured efficiently and in a short period of time.

  Next, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The fixed bed type microbial reactor 1 shown in FIG. 1 performs a purification process of the raw water 26 by supplying raw water 26 such as waste water into the reactor main body 10 and passing it through a fixed bed 22 on which microorganisms are supported. It is. In the case of this example, as the raw water 26 to be subjected to the purification treatment, for example, drainage generated in a food factory such as a beer factory can be considered.

The fixed bed 22 is configured by supporting a large number of carriers 21, 21... Filled in the reactor main body 10 by a support member 15 disposed at the lower part of the reactor main body 10.
The carriers 21, 21... Carry microorganisms for treating the raw water 26. In this example, anaerobic bacteria such as autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and methane bacteria are used as microorganisms to be carried on the carriers 21.

In particular, when the raw water 26 is wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (so-called Anammox bacteria), which is a microorganism that causes a reaction to directly generate nitrogen from ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, should be used. Is preferred.
This is because when the raw water 26 is treated, denitrification can be achieved by simply oxidizing 50% of the ammonia nitrogen in the raw water 26 flowing into the reactor main body 10 into nitrite nitrogen, and the oxygen supply required for nitrification. This is because the amount can be halved and it is not necessary to supplement a hydrogen donor from the outside for denitrification, so that an innovative nitrogen removal process can be constructed.

In the case of this example, the carriers 21, 21,... Beer bran coal is relatively easy to process and contains various elements, so that the growth of autotrophic bacteria is good and is particularly excellent as a carrier material.
However, in addition to beer lees coking coal, crushed wood such as sawdust, beer lees, whiskey lees, wheat roots, malt lees, wine lees, sake lees, soy sauce lees, okara, bran, coffee lees, tea lees, apple lees Further, carbonized organic waste such as hop koji, yeast, leftover rice, umeshu residue, polyester non-woven fabric, acrylic fiber, resin molded body, etc. can be used as the carrier 21.

A raw water supply pipe 36 is disposed at the upper part of the reactor main body 10, and raw water 26 to be treated is supplied and stored in the reactor main body 10 from the raw water supply pipe 36.
In the middle of the raw water supply pipe 36, a raw water supply valve V6 is provided. The raw water supply valve V6 switches the supply and stop of supply of the raw water 26 from the raw water supply pipe 36 and the supply amount of the raw water 26. Adjustments can be made.

The water level of the raw water 26 stored in the reactor body 10 is set to be La. The set water level La is higher than the upper end of the fixed bed 10 and lower than the upper end of the reactor body 10.
As a result, all the carriers 21, 21... Constituting the fixed bed 22 are immersed in the raw water 26, and the empty portion 10 a having a predetermined volume is formed at the upper end of the reactor main body 10.

A water collecting part 10b is formed below the fixed bed 22 in the reactor main body 10, and a water collecting pipe 14 is arranged in the water collecting part 10b.
The water collecting pipe 14 is constituted by, for example, a pipe-like member in which a plurality of water passage holes are formed, and a drain pipe 35 extending to the outside of the reactor main body 10 is connected to the water collecting pipe 14.
And the raw water 26 in the water collection part 10b is collected by the said water collection pipe 14, It is comprised so that it may discharge | emit outside through the said drain pipe 35.

A middle portion of the drain pipe 35 is formed with a high portion 35a positioned higher than the fixed floor 22 and positioned lower than the set water level La.
The water level Lb of the raw water 26 flowing in the high level portion 35a is located higher than the upper end of the fixed floor 22 and lower than the set water level La. The set water level La and the high level portion 35a The difference in water level from the water level Lb is ΔL.

This water level difference ΔL is significantly smaller than the water level difference ΔL1 between the set water level La and the height position Lc of the water collecting pipe 14, and is compared with the case of draining from the height position Lc of the water collecting pipe 14. Thus, the flow rate when discharging through the high portion 35a is reduced.
That is, the differential pressure of the raw water 26 generated between the set water level La and the water level Lb is significantly smaller than the differential pressure of the raw water 26 generated between the set water level La and the height position Lc of the water collecting pipe 14. The flow rate of the raw water 26 discharged from the drain pipe 35 can be suppressed to a small amount by reducing the differential pressure.
As a result, the raw water 26 supplied from the raw water supply pipe 36 can be retained in the reactor main body 10 (specifically, the fixed bed 10) for a long time, and the raw water 26 is treated with autotrophic bacteria and autotrophic. It is possible to allow the growth of sex bacteria to proceed stably and efficiently.

Further, a drainage valve V <b> 1 capable of adjusting the flow rate of the raw water 26 flowing through the drainage pipe 35 is interposed on the drainage pipe 35 upstream of the high-order part 35 a.
Further, a flow meter 55 is interposed between the drain valve V1 of the drain pipe 35 and the high portion 35a.
The drain valve V1 feeds back the flow rate of the raw water 26 detected by the flow meter 55. The drain valve V1 controls the flow rate of the raw water 26 flowing through the drain pipe 35 based on the fed flow rate of the raw water 26. It is possible to adjust.
In the case of this example, the drain valve V1 adjusts the flow rate of the raw water 26 flowing through the drain pipe 35 so that the water level of the raw water 26 stored in the reactor main body 10 is held at the set water level La.

  As described above, in the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1, the raw water 26 is supplied from the raw water supply pipe 36 into the reactor main body 10, and the supplied raw water 26 is passed through the fixed bed 22 and then in the water collecting unit 10 b. By collecting water with the water collecting pipe 14, the raw water 26 treated by the reaction of the autotrophic bacteria can be taken out from the drain pipe 35.

Further, the empty portion 10a formed at the upper end of the reactor body 10 is sealed, and an exhaust pipe 31 is connected to the ceiling surface of the empty portion 10a. A chamber 11 is interposed in the middle of the exhaust pipe 31.
The exhaust pipe 31 includes an upstream exhaust pipe 31a provided between the empty space 10a of the reactor body 10 and the chamber 11, and a downstream exhaust pipe 31b provided between the chamber 11 and the exhaust pipe outlet 31c. It is configured.

  A decompression valve V5 for opening and closing the flow path of the upstream exhaust pipe 31a is interposed in the middle of the upstream exhaust pipe 31a, and the downstream exhaust pipe 31b is disposed in the middle of the downstream exhaust pipe 31b. An opening valve V3 for opening and closing the flow path is interposed.

A suction pump 12 is connected to the chamber 11 via a suction pipe 32, and the suction pump 12 can suck and decompress the gas in the chamber 11. The suction pipe 32 is provided with a suction valve V4 for opening and closing the flow path of the suction pipe 32.
The suction pump 12 is connected to a pump exhaust pipe 33 for discharging the sucked gas to the outside.

Further, a nitrogen gas cylinder 13 is connected to the chamber 11 via a nitrogen supply pipe 34 so that nitrogen (N ₂ ) gas can be supplied into the chamber 11 from the nitrogen gas cylinder 13.
A nitrogen supply valve V <b> 2 that opens and closes the flow path of the nitrogen supply pipe 34 is interposed in the middle of the nitrogen supply pipe 34.

As described above, the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1 includes the chamber 11, the suction pump 12, the nitrogen gas cylinder 13, and the like, and by opening both the pressure reducing valve V5 and the release valve V3, Can be released to the atmosphere.
Further, after the gas in the chamber 11 is sucked by the suction pump 12 and decompressed, the decompression valve V5 is opened, so that the inside of the empty portion 10a can be decompressed.
Further, by opening the nitrogen supply valve V2 and the pressure reducing valve V5 in a state where the inside of the empty portion 10a is decompressed, it becomes possible to fill the empty portion 10a with nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas cylinder 13. ing.
The opening and closing of the valves described in the present embodiment can be automatically performed in a well-known manner in which the electric valve is automatically controlled, or can be manually operated. .

Further, the volume of the chamber 11 is set to be 30 to 150% of the volume of the empty portion 10 a of the reactor main body 10.
Furthermore, the volume of the chamber 11 is set to be 3 to 50% of the volume of the reactor body 10.

  In the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1, pressure sensors 51, 52, and 53 are provided in the chamber 11, the empty portion 10a, and the water collecting portion 10b, respectively. It is possible to detect the pressure inside and the water collection part 10b.

In the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1 configured as described above, when the raw water 26 is treated by the autotrophic bacteria carried on the carriers 21, 21. Gas is generated.
For example, when the raw water 26 is wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are used as autotrophic bacteria, nitrogen gas is generated by the reaction between the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the raw water 26.

The nitrogen gas generated in the fixed bed 22 immersed in the raw water 26 tends to rise because the specific gravity is smaller than that of the raw water 26, but the raw water 26 is a downward flow that flows downward from above the reactor body 10. The generated nitrogen gas is prevented from rising by the flow of the raw water 26, and the nitrogen gas stays in the fixed bed 22.
If the nitrogen gas stays in the fixed bed 22, the flow of the raw water 26 at the location where the nitrogen gas stays is hindered, and the flow path of the raw water 26 flowing down is biased and the flow path area is reduced, so the flow rate of the raw water 26 decreases. Thus, the reaction between the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the raw water 26 is not promoted, and the processing efficiency of the raw water 26 is reduced.

  Therefore, in the present fixed bed type microbial reactor 1, in order to remove the gas staying in the fixed bed 22, a flow rate recovery process for recovering the flow rate of the raw water 26 is performed.

FIG. 2 shows the flow of this flow rate recovery process, which will be described below in order.
First, while the raw water 26 is supplied from the raw water supply pipe 36 into the reactor main body 10 and the raw water 26 is being processed in the fixed bed 22, the amount of gas remaining in the fixed bed 22 has increased. Then, the raw water supply valve V6 is closed, and the supply of the raw water 26 from the raw water supply pipe 36 into the reactor main body 10 is stopped (S01).

  In this case, the degree of increase in the amount of gas staying in the fixed bed 22 can be grasped using, for example, the flow rate of the raw water 26 flowing in the drain pipe 35 (if the gas amount increases, For example, when the flow rate detected by the flow meter 55 falls below a predetermined value set in advance, the supply of the raw water 26 can be stopped.

When the raw water 26 supplied into the reactor main body 10 is being processed, the empty portion 10a is filled with nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas cylinder 13, and the pressure in the reactor main body 10 is set to be substantially atmospheric pressure. It is adjusted so that
In this way, filling the empty portion 10a with nitrogen gas is because the autotrophic bacteria carried on the carriers 21, 21... Are anaerobic, so that the water level of the raw water 26 should be fixed. This is to prevent the autotrophic bacteria from being affected when the value drops below the upper end of 22.

Next, after the supply of the raw water 26 is stopped, the nitrogen supply valve V2, the release valve V3, and the pressure reducing valve V5 are closed and the suction valve V4 is opened, and the suction pump 12 sucks the gas in the chamber 11 The pressure is reduced (S02).
The decompression operation in the chamber 11 can be performed in advance before the supply of the raw water 26 is stopped.

Next, after the pressure inside the chamber 11 is reduced, the pressure reducing valve V5 is opened to allow the inside of the chamber 11 and the empty portion 10a of the reactor body 10 to communicate with each other, and the gas in the empty portion 10a is in a reduced pressure state. Then, the pressure inside the reactor main body 10 is rapidly reduced (S03).
When the pressure inside the reactor main body 10 is suddenly reduced, the gas staying in the fixed bed 22 as bubbles is rapidly expanded, and the bubbles are connected to each other and discharged from the fixed bed 22 to the empty space 10a. The gas in the fixed bed 22 is removed.
Thus, by removing the gas in the fixed bed 22, the flow area of the raw water 26 is increased, the flow rate of the raw water 26 is increased, and the reaction between the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the raw water 26 is promoted. The processing efficiency of the raw water 26 is improved.

  After the decompression valve V5 is opened and the reactor body 10 is suddenly decompressed, the decompression valve V5 is closed and the suction valve V4 is opened, and the gas in the reactor body 10 flows into the chamber 11 by the suction pump 12. The inside of the chamber 11 is depressurized. Further, the gas sucked by the suction pump 12 is discharged from the pump exhaust pipe 33 to the outside (S04).

Next, the suction valve V4 is closed and the nitrogen supply valve V2 is opened to allow the nitrogen gas cylinder 13 and the chamber 11 to communicate with each other, and nitrogen gas is filled into the chamber 11 from the nitrogen gas cylinder 13 (S05).
Then, the nitrogen supply valve V2 is closed and the decompression valve V5 is opened to allow the chamber 11 filled with nitrogen gas and the reactor body 10 in a decompressed state to communicate with each other, and the empty portion 10a of the reactor body 10 is removed from the chamber 11. (S06).
Note that the amount of nitrogen gas charged into the chamber 11 from the nitrogen gas cylinder 13 in step S05 is such that the pressure in the reactor main body 10 when the empty portion 10a is filled with nitrogen gas from the chamber 11 is as follows. The amount is about atmospheric pressure.

  In this way, the reactor body 10 is rapidly depressurized to remove the gas remaining in the fixed bed 22, and after the empty portion 10a of the reactor body 10 is filled with nitrogen gas, the raw water supply valve V6 is turned on. It opens and the supply of the raw water 26 to the reactor main body 10 is resumed (S07).

Further, when the pressure inside the reactor main body 10 is suddenly reduced in step S03, if all of the gas stored in the fixed bed 22 cannot be removed by one sudden pressure reduction, the process of step S03 is performed after step S04. Step S3 and step S04 can be repeated a plurality of times so that the rapid depressurization is performed again.
The number of times of sudden decompression of the empty space portion 10a can be appropriately set to an arbitrary number.

  Further, when the pressure in the chamber 11 is reduced in step S02, the pressure in the chamber 11 is detected by the pressure sensor 51, and the suction by the suction pump 12 can be performed until a desired pressure is reached.

Thus, in this fixed bed type microbial reactor 1, the chamber 11 connected to the empty part 10a in the reactor body 10 is provided, and the open valve V3 serving as the first on-off valve in the exhaust pipe 31, and the second After the pressure of the chamber 11 is reduced while the pressure reducing valve V5 serving as an on-off valve is closed, the pressure reducing valve V5 is opened to rapidly reduce the pressure inside the reactor main body 10, so that it remains in the fixed bed 22. The gas can be discharged from the fixed bed 22 to the empty space 10a by expanding the gas abruptly and accompanied by rupture, and the gas in the fixed bed 22 can be effectively removed.
Thereby, the state where the flow path of the raw water 26 passing through the fixed bed 22 is biased and the state where the flow path area of the raw water 26 is reduced can be eliminated, and the reduced flow rate of the raw water 26 can be effectively recovered. It is possible to improve the treatment efficiency of the raw water 26 by promoting the reaction between the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the raw water 26.

As described above, FIG. 3 shows how the flow rate of the raw water 26 is recovered by rapidly depressurizing the inside of the reactor main body 10 when the flow rate of the raw water 26 is reduced due to gas staying in the fixed bed 22. .
In FIG. 3, processing of the raw water 26 by the fixed bed 22 is started at time t1, and the amount of gas staying on the fixed bed 22 increases with the passage of time from time t1, so that the flow rate of the raw water 26 is It has declined over time.
At time t2 when a predetermined time has elapsed from time t1, the process of rapidly depressurizing the inside of the reactor main body 10 shown in steps S01 to S07 is performed.

Thereafter, the treatment of the raw water 26 by the fixed bed 22 is resumed at time t3, but at time t3 at the time of resumption, it can be seen that the flow rate has increased compared to time t2, and has recovered.
After the process of the raw water 26 is resumed, the flow rate of the raw water 26 decreases again as time passes. However, the process of rapidly depressurizing the inside of the reactor main body 10 at the time t4 after a lapse of a fixed time from the time t3. When the processing of the raw water 26 by the fixed bed 22 is resumed at time t5, the flow rate is increased and recovered compared to time t4.
As described above, the reduced flow rate of the raw water 26 can be recovered by performing a process of rapidly depressurizing the inside of the reactor main body 10.

  The timing for performing the process of rapidly depressurizing the inside of the reactor main body 10 is performed after a certain period of time has elapsed from the start of the treatment of the raw water 26 by the fixed bed 22 or when the flow rate of the raw water 26 becomes a predetermined value or less. Can go.

  In this way, in the process of recovering the flow rate of the raw water 26 passing through the fixed bed 22 (flow rate recovery process) by rapidly depressurizing the inside of the reactor body 10, intermittently during one flow rate recovery process. A plurality of times of decompression may be performed. That is, in the example of FIG. 3, the operations of step S03 and step S04 shown in the flowchart of FIG. 2 are repeated a plurality of times from time t2 to time t3. For example, by intermittently performing four times of decompression processing (steps S03 and S04), a decompression operation with a large decompression speed can be performed four times, so that gas staying in the fixed bed 22 is retained. Can be effectively removed.

Further, in relation to this decompression speed, this embodiment is characterized in that the decompression speed can be particularly increased. That is, the suction pump 12 sucks the gas in the chamber 11 for a certain period of time, and after reducing the pressure in the chamber 11 to a desired pressure, the chamber 11 and the reactor main body 10 are connected to each other, so that the reactor is instantaneously generated. The pressure can be reduced in the main body 10. Thereby, the degree of decompression per unit time can be increased, that is, the decompression speed can be increased.
As a result, the gas staying in the fixed bed 22 as bubbles is instantaneously expanded with a large volume change, and the bubbles are easily combined and discharged, and each carrier 21, 21... Disturbance of the laminated structure increases and gas discharge from the fixed bed 22 is promoted. In addition, a flow path through which the gas passes is secured, and the gas can be effectively removed.

  Also from this, as described above, it is extremely effective to intermittently perform a plurality of pressure reduction processes during one flow rate recovery process. And since it becomes possible to ensure the flow rate of raw water effectively in one flow rate recovery process, it is possible to ensure a long period until the next flow rate recovery process. As a result, the number of flow rate recovery processes can be reduced, and the operating rate of the reactor can be improved. Moreover, in order to shorten the interval of each time when performing a plurality of decompression processes in this way, a plurality of sets of chambers and suction pumps may be provided.

In contrast to the configuration in which the chamber 11 is provided and decompressed, the empty portion 10a is directly decompressed by, for example, a suction pump having the same performance as the suction pump 12 used in the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1. It is also possible to do. However, in this direct decompression, the degree of decompression per unit time becomes small, and the gas staying in the fixed bed 22 does not expand so much, so that the effect of exhausting the gas from the fixed bed 22 decreases.
Accordingly, it is more indirect to reduce the pressure of the empty space 10a through the chamber 11 than to connect the suction pump 12 directly to the empty space 10a as in this embodiment. When the pressure is reduced (indirect pressure reduction), the pressure reduction speed can be increased, and the gas can be removed effectively.

  Further, when the vacuum part 10a is depressurized through the chamber 11 as described above, the depressurization pressure in the chamber 11 is set so that the depressurization speed in the reactor main body 10 is -6 kPa / s or more. It is preferable for effective gas removal by instantaneous pressure reduction.

Further, by setting the volume of the chamber 11 to be 30 to 150% of the volume of the empty portion 10a of the reactor body 10, a chamber capable of effectively removing gas from the fixed bed 22 can be used. Thus, it is possible to obtain the 11 reduced pressure state relatively easily.
Similarly, by setting the volume of the chamber 11 to be 3 to 50% of the volume of the reactor body 10, the reduced pressure state of the chamber 11 that can effectively remove gas from the fixed bed 22. Can be obtained relatively easily.

  Further, in the present fixed bed type microbial reactor 1, since the raw water 26 is configured to pass from the upper side to the lower side of the fixed bed 22, the gas generated by the reaction of autotrophic bacteria in the fixed bed 22. Even if the autotrophic bacteria carried on the carriers 21, 21. Can be prevented from leaking. Thereby, the stable reaction by autotrophic bacteria is securable. Further, as in the present embodiment, by making the flow of the raw water 26 in one direction from the upper side to the lower side, it becomes possible to realize the plug flow, and the required power related to the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1 can be realized. Reduction and size reduction of the reactor main body 10 can be achieved.

  In this example, the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1 is configured as a downward flow type in which the raw water 26 passes from the upper side to the lower side of the fixed bed 22. However, the raw water 26 is fixed to the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1. Even in the case of the upward flow type that passes from the lower side to the upper side of 22, if the gas stays in the fixed bed 22, the chamber 11 is connected to the empty portion 10 a, and the release valve It is possible to apply a configuration in which the pressure inside the reactor main body 10 is suddenly reduced by opening the pressure reducing valve V5 after reducing the pressure in the chamber 11 with the V3 and the pressure reducing valve V5 closed.

  Moreover, in this example, as the raw water 26 to be processed, wastewater generated at a food factory such as a beer factory is applied, but the present invention is not limited to this, and wastewater generated at a power plant, Various wastewaters such as wastewater generated in semiconductor factories such as silicon wafer cleaning wastewater, wastewater discharged from livestock stables, and wastewater discharged from human waste treatment plants can be applied.

Further, the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1 is used as a reactor for treating raw water 26 such as waste water, but is used as a culture apparatus for culturing microorganisms carried on the carriers 21, 21. You can also.
That is, in the fixed bed type microbial reactor 1, the autotrophic bacteria carried on the carriers 21, 21... Constituting the fixed bed 22 by passing the reactor body 10 through the raw water 26 through the fixed bed 22. It can also be configured as a fixed bed type microorganism culture apparatus used as a culture apparatus main body for culturing microorganisms such as.
By comprising in this way, the flow volume of the raw | natural water 26 which passes the fixed bed 22 can be ensured, and culture | cultivation of microorganisms, such as an autotrophic bacterium, can be performed efficiently and in a short period of time.

It is explanatory drawing of a fixed bed type microbial reactor. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of raw | natural water by a fixed bed type | mold microbial reactor. It is a figure which shows a mode that the flow volume of raw | natural water recovers by depressurizing the inside of a reactor main body rapidly.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fixed bed type | mold microorganism reactor 10 Reactor main body 10a Empty part 10b Water collection part 11 Chamber 12 Suction pump 13 Nitrogen gas cylinder 14 Water collection pipe 21 Carrier 22 Fixed bed 26 Raw water 31 Exhaust pipe 32 Suction pipe 33 Pump exhaust pipe 34 Nitrogen supply pipe 35 drainage pipe 36 raw water supply pipe V1 drain valve V2 nitrogen supply valve V3 opened valves V4 suction valve V5 reducing valve V6 raw water supply valve

Claims (7)

In a fixed bed type microbial reactor in which raw water is passed through a fixed bed carrying microorganisms,
A reactor body comprising the fixed bed;
An exhaust pipe communicating with an empty space above the fixed bed in the reactor body;
A chamber disposed in the middle of the exhaust pipe;
A first on-off valve disposed between the chamber and the exhaust pipe outlet in the exhaust pipe;
A second on-off valve disposed between the chamber and the reactor body in the exhaust pipe;
A fixed bed type microbial reactor comprising a vacuum pump connected to the chamber.   The fixed bed type microbial reactor according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the chamber is 30 to 150% of the volume of the empty portion of the reactor main body.   The fixed bed type microbial reactor according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the chamber is 3 to 50% of the volume of the reactor body.   The fixed bed type microbial reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the raw water is passed from the upper side to the lower side of the fixed bed.   The fixed bed type microbial reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fixed bed is made of beer straw coal.   The fixed bed type microbial reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the microorganism is an autotrophic anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacterium. A fixed bed type microorganism culture apparatus for culturing microorganisms supported on a fixed bed,
A culture apparatus body in which the fixed bed is configured;
An exhaust pipe communicating with an empty space above the fixed bed in the culture apparatus body;
A chamber disposed in the middle of the exhaust pipe;
A first on-off valve disposed between the outlet of the exhaust pipe and the chamber in the exhaust pipe;
A second on-off valve disposed between the chamber and the culture apparatus main body in the exhaust pipe;
A vacuum pump connected to the chamber;
A fixed bed type microorganism culture apparatus, wherein raw water is passed through the fixed bed.

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