JP4872171B2 - Biological denitrification equipment - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を含有する原水を、アンモニア性窒素を電子供与体とし、亜硝酸性窒素を電子受容体とする脱窒微生物の作用で生物脱窒する装置に係り、特に、この生物脱窒において、原水中の高濃度亜硝酸性窒素による脱窒微生物の阻害を防止して安定かつ効率的な生物脱窒を行うための生物脱窒装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
排液中に含まれるアンモニア性窒素は河川、湖沼及び海洋などにおける富栄養化の原因物質の一つであり、排液処理工程で効率的に除去する必要がある。一般に、排水中のアンモニア性窒素は、アンモニア性窒素をアンモニア酸化細菌により亜硝酸性窒素に酸化し、更にこの亜硝酸性窒素を亜硝酸酸化細菌により硝酸性窒素に酸化する硝化工程と、これらの亜硝酸性窒素及び硝酸性窒素を従属栄養性細菌である脱窒菌により、有機物を電子供与体として利用して窒素ガスにまで分解する脱窒工程との２段階の生物反応を経て窒素ガスにまで分解される。
【０００３】
しかし、このような従来の硝化脱窒法では、脱窒工程において電子供与体としてメタノールなどの有機物を多量に必要とし、また硝化工程では多量の酸素が必要であるため、ランニングコストが高いという欠点がある。
【０００４】
これに対して、近年、アンモニア性窒素を電子供与体とし、亜硝酸性窒素を電子受容体とする独立栄養性微生物（自己栄養細菌）を利用し、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素とを反応させて脱窒する方法が提案された。この方法であれば、有機物の添加は不要であるため、従属栄養性の脱窒菌を利用する方法と比べて、コストを低減することができる。また、独立栄養性の微生物は収率が低く、汚泥の発生量が従属栄養性微生物と比較すると著しく少ないので、余剰汚泥の発生量を抑えることができる。更に、従来の硝化脱窒法で観察されるＮ２Ｏの発生がなく、環境に対する負荷を低減できるといった特長もある。
【０００５】
この独立栄養性脱窒微生物（以下「ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物」と称す場合がある。）を利用する生物脱窒プロセスは、Strous, M, et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 50, p.589-596 (1998) に報告されており、以下のような反応でアンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素が反応して窒素ガスに分解されると考えられている。
【０００６】
【化１】
上記生物脱窒法で反応に関与するＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物は、高濃度の亜硝酸性窒素の存在下では阻害を受け、活性が低下する。脱窒槽内が不完全混合（例えばプラグフロー型）である場合には、原水注入口付近の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が局所的に高くなる場合がある。このため、脱窒槽に流入する原水の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が高い場合には、処理水を循環させるなどして原水を希釈し、脱窒槽内の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を上記阻害濃度よりも低く保つことが行われている。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
原水の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が一定であれば、所定量の処理水の循環により、脱窒槽に高濃度亜硝酸性窒素が流入することによるＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物の阻害を防止することができるが、原水の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が変動する場合には、このような処理水の循環では高濃度亜硝酸性窒素によるＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物の阻害を防止し得ない。即ち、高い亜硝酸性窒素濃度の原水が脱窒槽に流入することにより、脱窒槽の原水流入口付近の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が上昇し、この部分のＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物が阻害を受ける。そして、脱窒槽の原水流入口付近のＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物が阻害を受けて、活性が低下することにより、分解し得ずに脱窒槽内に残留した亜硝酸性窒素により脱窒槽内の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が上昇し、更にＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物がこの高濃度亜硝酸性窒素により阻害を受けてより一層活性が低下することとなる。なお、このＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物が阻害を受ける亜硝酸性窒素（ＮＯ２−Ｎ）濃度の下限は約１００ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌであるとされている。
【０００９】
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、原水の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が変動する場合において、脱窒槽に流入する亜硝酸性窒素によるＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物の阻害を確実に防止して、安定かつ効率的な生物脱窒を行うための生物脱窒装置を提供することを目的とする。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の生物脱窒装置は、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を含有する原水の流入口と、処理液の流出口とを有し、アンモニア性窒素を電子供与体とし、亜硝酸性窒素を電子受容体とする脱窒微生物の作用により生物脱窒する脱窒槽と、該脱窒槽内の原水流入口付近の液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を測定する亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段と、該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段の出力信号に基づいて該脱窒槽に流入する原水の流量を調節する手段とを備える生物脱窒装置であって、予め該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度の上限値（以下「設定上限値」と称す）と下限値（以下「設定下限値」と称す）を設定しておき、該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段で測定された該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が該設定上限値を越えた場合には、該原水の流量を調節する手段により原水流入量を低減させ、逆に該設定下限値を下回る場合には原水流入量を増加させることを特徴とする。
【００１１】
請求項４の生物脱窒装置は、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を含有する原水の流入口と、処理液の流出口とを有し、アンモニア性窒素を電子供与体とし、亜硝酸性窒素を電子受容体とする脱窒微生物の作用により生物脱窒する脱窒槽と、原水を希釈するための希釈水を供給する希釈水供給手段と、前記脱窒槽内の原水流入口付近の液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を測定する亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段と、該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段の出力信号に基づいて前記希釈水供給手段が供給する希釈水の供給量を調節する手段とを備える生物脱窒装置であって、予め該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度の上限値（以下「設定上限値」と称す）と下限値（以下「設定下限値」と称す）を設定しておき、該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段で測定された該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が該設定上限値を越えた場合には、該希釈水の供給量を調節する手段により希釈水の供給量を増加させ、逆に該設定下限値を下回る場合には希釈水の供給量を低減させることを特徴とする。
【００１２】
脱窒槽内の原水流入口付近の液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度に基づいて、この亜硝酸性窒素濃度が予め設定された上限値を超える場合には亜硝酸性窒素の流入量を低減させ、予め設定された下限値を下回る場合には亜硝酸性窒素の流入量を増加させることにより、高濃度亜硝酸性窒素が流入することによる脱窒槽内のＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物の阻害を確実に防止して安定かつ効率的な生物脱窒処理を行うことが可能となる。
【００１３】
請求項１の生物脱窒装置では、測定された亜硝酸性窒素濃度に基づいて、脱窒槽に流入する原水の流入量を制御することにより、脱窒槽に流入する亜硝酸性窒素量を調節する。
【００１４】
請求項４の生物脱窒装置では、測定された亜硝酸性窒素濃度に基づいて、原水を希釈する希釈水の供給量を調節して脱窒槽の流入水の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を制御し、これにより脱窒槽に流入する亜硝酸性窒素量を調節する。
【００１５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に図面を参照して本発明の生物脱窒装置の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
【００１６】
図１は、本発明の生物脱窒装置の実施の形態を示す系統図である。
【００１７】
図１に示す生物脱窒装置は、脱窒槽として、内部にＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物のグラニュール汚泥床が形成されたＵＳＢ（Upflow Sludge Bed；上向流汚泥床）反応槽１を有し、この反応槽１の底部に原水の流入配管２が接続されている。反応槽１の上部には気液固分離装置３が設けられ、この気液固分離装置３から、処理水の排出配管４が引き出されている。この処理水の排出配管４に分岐して処理水の一部を循環水として原水流入配管２に戻す循環配管５が設けられている。Ｐ１は原水ポンプ、Ｐ２は循環ポンプである。
【００１８】
この生物脱窒装置において、原水は、配管５からの循環水と共に配管２からＵＳＢ反応槽１の底部に導入される。ＵＳＢ反応槽１に導入された原水は、ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物のグラニュール汚泥床を上向流で上昇する間に、ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物により生物脱窒処理され、処理水が配管４より系外へ排出される。また、処理水の一部は配管５より原水導入配管２に循環される。
【００１９】
この生物脱窒装置では、ＵＳＢ反応槽１の底部の原水流入部分から槽内液を引き抜き、この液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を測定した後、ＵＳＢ反応槽1に戻す配管６Ａ，６Ｂと亜硝酸イオンセンサー設置部６が設けられている。即ち、反応槽１の原水流入部から、配管６Ａより引き抜いた槽内液の亜硝酸イオン濃度を亜硝酸イオンセンサー設置部６で測定した後、測定後の液を配管６Ｂより再び反応槽１に戻すように構成されている。
【００２０】
亜硝酸イオンセンサーとしては、市販品、例えば電気化学計器（株）製の亜硝酸イオン電極等を用いることができる。
【００２１】
図１の生物脱窒装置では、このような亜硝酸イオンセンサーで測定した亜硝酸イオン濃度に基づいて原水ポンプＰ１の作動を制御する。
【００２２】
即ち、予め槽内液の亜硝酸イオン濃度の上限値（以下「設定上限値」と称す場合がある。）と下限値（以下「設定下限値」と称す場合がある。）を設定しておき、槽内液の亜硝酸イオン濃度がこの上限値を越えた場合には原水流入量を低減させ、逆に下限値を下回る場合には原水流入量を増加させる。
【００２３】
前述の如く、ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物はＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上で阻害を受け、２００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上で活性は殆ど失われる。従って、設定上限値は２００ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌよりも低い値に設定する必要がある。一方、槽内の微生物はフロック状、或いは生物膜状に存在しており、フロック或いは生物膜中に基質を十分に浸透させ、内部の微生物を有効に利用するためには、バルク中の基質濃度は高い方が好ましい。設定上限値は目標とする処理効率やその他の条件によっても異なるが、一般的にはＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度で５０〜２００ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌ程度、特に７５〜１５０ｍｇ／Ｌとするのが好ましい。一方、設定下限値が過度に低いとＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物の活性阻害を確実に防止することができるが、処理効率が悪くなることから、設定下限値は目標とする処理効率やその他の条件によっても異なるが、一般的にはＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度で５〜７０ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌ程度、特に２０〜５０ｍｇ／Ｌとするのが好ましい。
【００２４】
本発明では、例えば、次のようにして原水流入量の調節を行うことができる。
【００２５】
(1) 予め原水流入量の基準値を定めておき、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値を超えた場合には、原水流入量を基準値よりも若干、例えば５〜５０％低減し、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定下限値を下回った場合には原水流入量を基準値に戻す。
【００２６】
(2) 槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値を超えた場合には、原水流入量を現状よりも若干、例えば５〜５０％低減させ、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定下限値を下回った場合には原水流入量を現状よりも若干、例えば５〜５０％増加させる。
【００２７】
(3) 上記(1)，(2)において、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度と設定上限値又は設定下限値との差の大きさにより、原水流入量の低減量又は増加量を変える。即ち、例えば槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値よりも大幅に高い場合には、原水流入量を大幅に低減させ、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値よりもわずかに高い場合には原水流入量をわずかに低減させる。
【００２８】
図１の生物脱窒装置では、このような亜硝酸イオンセンサーで測定した亜硝酸イオン濃度に基づいて原水ポンプＰ１の作動を制御するが、循環ポンプＰ２の作動を制御して、原水を希釈する循環水量を調節しても良い。
【００２９】
この場合には、槽内液の亜硝酸イオン濃度がこの設定上限値を超えた場合には循環水量を増加させ、逆に設定値を下回る場合には循環水量を低減させる。
【００３０】
例えば、次のようにして循環水量の調節を行うことができる。
【００３１】
(1) 予め循環水量の基準値を定めておき、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値を超えた場合には、循環水量を基準値よりも若干、例えば５〜５０％増加させ、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定下限値を下回った場合には循環水量を基準値に戻す。
【００３２】
(2) 槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値を超えた場合には、循環水量を現状よりも若干、例えば５〜５０％増加させ、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定下限値を下回った場合には循環水量を現状よりも若干、例えば５〜５０％低減させる。
【００３３】
(3) 上記(1)，(2)において、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度と設定上限値又は設定下限値との差の大きさにより、循環水量の低減量又は増加量を変える。即ち、例えば槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値よりも大幅に高い場合には、循環水量を大幅に増加させ、槽内液のＮＯ２−Ｎ濃度が設定上限値よりもわずかに高い場合には循環水量をわずかに増加させる。
【００３４】
このようにして循環水量を調節することにより、反応槽１の流入水の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を調整し、反応槽１の原水流入部の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を好適な濃度範囲に維持することができる。
【００３５】
なお、循環水とは別の希釈水の供給手段を設け、この希釈水の供給ポンプの作動を制御するようにしても良い。また、希釈水（循環水）量と原水量とを共に制御しても良い。この場合には、原水量を増加すると共に希釈水量を低減するか、或いは原水量を低減すると共に希釈水量を増加させて、反応槽に流入する流入水量を一定とすることもでき、好ましい。
【００３６】
亜硝酸イオンセンサーによる測定は連続測定であっても間欠的な測定であっても良い。間欠的に測定を行う場合、測定頻度には特に制限はなく、原水の水質やその他の処理条件の変動による槽内液の亜硝酸イオン濃度の変動の可能性に基づいて適宜測定されるが、一般的には０．１〜２４ｈｒに１回の頻度で測定することが好ましい。
【００３７】
なお、図１に示す生物脱窒装置では、亜硝酸イオンセンサー設置部を反応槽１の外部に設け、反応槽１から槽内液を引き抜いて亜硝酸性窒素濃度を測定しているが、亜硝酸イオンセンサー設置部を反応槽１内の原水流入口部分に設け、反応槽１内において槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を直接測定しても良い。
【００３８】
また、図１に示す生物脱窒装置は、脱窒槽としてＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物のグラニュール汚泥を保持するＵＳＢ反応槽を用いたものであるが、本発明において、脱窒槽の型式に特に制限はなく、汚泥懸濁法、固定床、流動床、担体添加法などのいずれの型式のものであっても良い。
【００３９】
例えば、生物脱窒装置として、汚泥懸濁式の脱窒槽を用いる場合には、脱窒槽の後段に沈殿槽等の固液分離手段が設けられ、分離汚泥が脱窒槽に返送されるが、このような場合、亜硝酸イオンセンサーは脱窒槽の原水の流入口付近に設ければ良い。
【００４０】
本発明の生物脱窒方法において、処理対象となる原水は、アンモニア性窒素及び亜硝酸性窒素を含む水であり、有機物及び有機性窒素を含むものであってもよいが、これらは脱窒処理前に予めアンモニア性窒素になる程度まで分解しておくことが好ましく、また、溶存酸素濃度が高い場合には、必要に応じて溶存酸素を除去しておくことが好ましい。原水は無機物を含んでいてもよい。また、原水はアンモニア性窒素を含む液と亜硝酸性窒素を含む液を混合したものであってもよい。例えば、アンモニア性窒素を含む排水をアンモニア酸化微生物の存在下に好気性処理を行い、アンモニア性窒素の一部、好ましくはその１／２を亜硝酸に部分酸化したものを原水とすることができる。更には、アンモニア性窒素を含む排水の一部をアンモニア酸化微生物の存在下に好気性処理を行い、アンモニア性窒素を亜硝酸に酸化し、アンモニア性窒素を含む排水の残部と混合したものを原水としても良い。
【００４１】
一般的には、下水、し尿、嫌気性硝化脱離液等のアンモニア性窒素、有機性窒素及び有機物を含む排水が処理対象となる場合が多いが、この場合、これらを好気性又は嫌気性処理して有機物を分解し、有機性窒素をアンモニア性窒素に分解し、さらに部分亜硝酸化或いは、一部についての亜硝酸化を行った液を原水とすることが好ましい。
【００４２】
原水のアンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素の割合はモル比でアンモニア性窒素１に対して亜硝酸性窒素０．５〜２、特に１〜１．５とするのが好ましい。原水中のアンモニア性窒素及び亜硝酸性窒素の濃度はそれぞれ５〜１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ、５〜２００ｍｇ／Ｌであることが好ましいが、処理水を循環して希釈すればこの限りではない。
【００４３】
原水の生物脱窒条件としては、例えば反応槽内液の温度が１０〜４０℃、特に２０〜３５℃、ｐＨが５〜９、特に６〜８、溶存酸素濃度が０〜２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、特に０〜０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＢＯＤ濃度が０〜５０ｍｇ／Ｌ、特に０〜２０ｍｇ／Ｌ、窒素負荷が０．１〜１０ｋｇ−Ｎ／ｍ３・ｄａｙ、特に０．２〜５ｋｇ−Ｎ／ｍ３・ｄａｙの範囲とするのが好ましい。
【００４４】
図１に示す如く、ＵＡＳＢ反応槽１内にグラニュール汚泥を形成する場合、微生物だけではグラニュール形成に期間を要するので、核となる物質を添加し、その核の周りにＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物の生物膜を形成させることが望ましい。この場合、核として、例えば微生物グラニュールや非生物的な単体を挙げることができる。
【００４５】
核として用いられる微生物グラニュールとしては、メタン菌グラニュール等の嫌気性微生物や従属栄養性脱窒菌グラニュール等を挙げることができる。メタン菌グラニュールは、ＵＡＳＢ法もしくはＥＧＳＢ法でメタン発酵が行われているメタン発酵槽で使用されているものを適用できる。また、従属栄養性脱窒グラニュールは、ＵＡＳＢ又はＥＧＳＢ等の通常の脱窒槽で利用されるものを適用できる。これらのグラニュールはそのままの状態で、又はその破砕物として用いることができる。独立栄養性脱窒微生物はこのような微生物グラニュールに付着しやすく、グラニュールの形成に要する時間が短縮される。また、核として非生物的な材料を用いるよりも経済的である。
【００４６】
核として用いられる非生物的な材料としては、例えば、活性炭、ゼオライト、ケイ砂、ケイソウ土、焼成セラミック、イオン交換樹脂等、好ましくは活性炭、ゼオライト等よりなる、粒径５０〜２００μｍ、好ましくは５０〜１００μｍで、平均比重１．０１〜２．５、好ましくは１．１〜２．０の担体を挙げることができる。
【００４７】
このようにして形成されるＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物のグラニュール汚泥は、平均粒径が０．２５〜３ｍｍ、好ましくは０．２５〜２ｍｍ、より好ましくは０．２５〜１．５ｍｍ程度、平均比重が１．０１〜２．５、好ましくは１．１〜２．０であることが望ましい。グラニュールの粒度が小さいほど比表面積が大きくなるので、高い汚泥濃度を維持し、脱窒処理を効率よく行う点で好ましい。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の生物脱窒装置によれば、ＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物による生物脱窒処理において、原水の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が変動する場合であっても、脱窒槽に流入する亜硝酸性窒素によるＡＮＡＭＭＯＸ微生物の阻害を確実に防止して、安定かつ効率的な生物脱窒を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の生物脱窒装置の実施の形態を示す系統図である。
【符号の説明】
１ ＵＳＢ反応槽
３ 気液固分離装置
６ 亜硝酸イオンセンサー設置部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for biologically denitrifying raw water containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by the action of a denitrification microorganism using ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor and nitrite nitrogen as an electron acceptor. In particular, in this biological denitrification, the present invention relates to a biological denitrification apparatus for preventing the denitrification microorganisms from being inhibited by high-concentration nitrite nitrogen in raw water and performing stable and efficient biological denitrification.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ammonia nitrogen contained in the effluent is one of the causative substances of eutrophication in rivers, lakes and oceans, and it is necessary to remove it efficiently in the effluent treatment process. In general, ammonia nitrogen in wastewater is oxidized by ammonia oxidizing bacteria to nitrite nitrogen, and nitrifying nitrogen is oxidized to nitrate nitrogen by nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are denitrified bacteria, which are heterotrophic bacteria, and are converted into nitrogen gas through a two-stage biological reaction with a denitrification process that decomposes organic matter into nitrogen gas using an electron donor. Disassembled.
[0003]
However, such a conventional nitrification denitrification method requires a large amount of organic matter such as methanol as an electron donor in the denitrification step, and also requires a large amount of oxygen in the nitrification step, so that the running cost is high. is there.
[0004]
In contrast, in recent years, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are reacted using autotrophic microorganisms (autotrophic bacteria) using ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor and nitrite nitrogen as an electron acceptor. A method of denitrifying by letting go was proposed. If this method is used, it is not necessary to add an organic substance, so that the cost can be reduced as compared with a method using heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Moreover, since the yield of autotrophic microorganisms is low and the amount of sludge generated is significantly less than that of heterotrophic microorganisms, the amount of surplus sludge generated can be suppressed. Furthermore, there is also a feature that there is no generation of N 2 O observed by the conventional nitrification denitrification method, and the burden on the environment can be reduced.
[0005]
A biodenitrification process using this autotrophic denitrifying microorganism (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ANAMMOX microorganism”) is described in Strous, M, et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 50, p.589- 596 (1998), and it is considered that ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen react and decompose into nitrogen gas in the following reaction.
[0006]
[Chemical 1]
The ANAMOX microorganisms involved in the reaction in the biological denitrification method are inhibited in the presence of a high concentration of nitrite nitrogen, and the activity decreases. When the inside of the denitrification tank is incompletely mixed (for example, plug flow type), the concentration of nitrite nitrogen near the raw water inlet may be locally increased. For this reason, when the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the raw water flowing into the denitrification tank is high, the raw water is diluted by circulating the treated water, etc., so that the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the denitrification tank is lower than the above inhibitory concentration. Keeping it is done.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the raw water is constant, the circulation of a predetermined amount of treated water can prevent the inhibition of ANAMOX microorganisms due to the flow of high concentration nitrite nitrogen into the denitrification tank. When the nitrite nitrogen concentration fluctuates, such treatment water circulation cannot prevent the inhibition of the ANAMMOX microorganism by the high concentration nitrite nitrogen. That is, when raw water having a high nitrite nitrogen concentration flows into the denitrification tank, the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the vicinity of the raw water inlet of the denitrification tank rises, and this part of the ANAMMOX microorganism is inhibited. And the NAMMOX microorganisms in the vicinity of the raw water inlet of the denitrification tank are hindered and the activity is reduced, so that the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the denitrification tank can not be decomposed due to the nitrite nitrogen remaining in the denitrification tank. In addition, the ANAMMOX microorganism is inhibited by this high concentration of nitrite nitrogen, and the activity is further reduced. Note that the lower limit of the concentration of nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 —N) at which the ANAMOX microorganism is inhibited is about 100 mg-N / L.
[0009]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and in the case where the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the raw water fluctuates, it reliably prevents the inhibition of ANAMMOX microorganisms by nitrite nitrogen flowing into the denitrification tank, and is stable and efficient. An object of the present invention is to provide a biological denitrification apparatus for performing biological denitrification.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The biological denitrification apparatus according to claim 1 has an inlet of raw water containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen and an outlet of the treatment liquid, wherein ammonia nitrogen is an electron donor, and nitrite nitrogen A denitrification tank that biologically denitrifies by the action of a denitrifying microorganism with an electron acceptor as an electron acceptor, a nitrite nitrogen concentration measuring means for measuring a nitrite nitrogen concentration in a liquid near the raw water inlet in the denitrification tank, A biological denitrification device comprising means for adjusting the flow rate of raw water flowing into the denitrification tank based on an output signal of the nitrite nitrogen concentration measurement means, wherein the nitrite nitrogen concentration of the liquid in the denitrification tank is previously An upper limit value (hereinafter referred to as “set upper limit value”) and a lower limit value (hereinafter referred to as “set lower limit value”) are set, and the sub-nitrogen concentration in the denitrification tank measured by the nitrite nitrogen concentration measuring means is set. When the nitrate nitrogen concentration exceeds the set upper limit, it is necessary to adjust the flow rate of the raw water. By reducing the raw water inflow, if less than the set lower limit value in the opposite, characterized in that to increase the raw water inflow.
[0011]
The biological denitrification apparatus according to claim 4 has an inlet of raw water containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen and an outlet of the treatment liquid, wherein ammonia nitrogen is used as an electron donor, and nitrite nitrogen A denitrification tank that biologically denitrifies by the action of a denitrifying microorganism using an electron acceptor, dilution water supply means for supplying dilution water for diluting the raw water, Nitrite nitrogen concentration measuring means for measuring nitrate nitrogen concentration, and means for adjusting the supply amount of dilution water supplied by the dilution water supply means based on an output signal of the nitrite nitrogen concentration measurement means It is a biological denitrification device, in which an upper limit value (hereinafter referred to as “set upper limit value”) and a lower limit value (hereinafter referred to as “set lower limit value”) of the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the liquid in the denitrification tank are set in advance. The subnitration of the liquid in the denitrification tank measured by the nitrite nitrogen concentration measuring means When the acidic nitrogen concentration exceeds the set upper limit value, the supply amount of the dilution water is increased by means for adjusting the supply amount of the dilution water. It is characterized by reducing the amount .
[0012]
Based on the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the liquid near the raw water inlet in the denitrification tank, if this nitrite nitrogen concentration exceeds a preset upper limit value, the inflow of nitrite nitrogen is reduced in advance. When the set lower limit is not reached, the inflow of nitrite nitrogen is increased to reliably prevent the inhibition of ANAMMOX microorganisms in the denitrification tank due to the inflow of high-concentration nitrite nitrogen. An efficient biological denitrification process can be performed.
[0013]
In the biological denitrification apparatus according to claim 1, the amount of nitrite nitrogen flowing into the denitrification tank is adjusted by controlling the amount of raw water flowing into the denitrification tank based on the measured nitrite nitrogen concentration. .
[0014]
In the biological denitrification apparatus according to claim 4 , based on the measured nitrite nitrogen concentration, the supply amount of dilution water for diluting the raw water is adjusted to control the nitrite nitrogen concentration of the inflow water of the denitrification tank, This adjusts the amount of nitrite nitrogen flowing into the denitrification tank.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a biological denitrification apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the biological denitrification apparatus of the present invention.
[0017]
The biological denitrification apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a USB (Upflow Sludge Bed) reaction tank 1 in which a granular sludge bed of ANAMOX microorganisms is formed as a denitrification tank. The raw
[0018]
In this biological denitrification apparatus, raw water is introduced into the bottom of the USB reaction tank 1 from the
[0019]
In this biological denitrification device, the liquid in the tank is drawn out from the raw water inflow portion at the bottom of the USB reaction tank 1, and after measuring the nitrite nitrogen concentration of this liquid, the
[0020]
As the nitrite ion sensor, a commercially available product such as a nitrite ion electrode manufactured by Electrochemical Instrument Co., Ltd. can be used.
[0021]
In the biological denitrification apparatus of FIG. 1, the operation of the raw water pump P 1 is controlled based on the nitrite ion concentration measured by such a nitrite ion sensor.
[0022]
That is, an upper limit value (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “set upper limit value”) and a lower limit value (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “set lower limit value”) of the nitrite ion concentration of the liquid in the tank are set in advance. When the concentration of nitrite ions in the liquid in the tank exceeds this upper limit value, the raw water inflow rate is reduced, and conversely, when it falls below the lower limit value, the raw water inflow rate is increased.
[0023]
As described above, ANAMOX microorganisms are inhibited when the NO 2 -N concentration is 100 mg / L or more, and the activity is almost lost at 200 mg / L or more. Therefore, the set upper limit value needs to be set to a value lower than 200 mg-N / L. On the other hand, the microorganisms in the tank are present in the form of flocs or biofilms, and in order to sufficiently infiltrate the substrate into the flocs or biofilms and effectively use the internal microorganisms, the substrate concentration in the bulk Is preferably higher. Although the set upper limit value varies depending on the target processing efficiency and other conditions, it is generally preferable that the NO 2 —N concentration is about 50 to 200 mg-N / L, particularly 75 to 150 mg / L. On the other hand, if the set lower limit value is excessively low, inhibition of the activity of the ANAMOX microorganism can be surely prevented. However, since the processing efficiency deteriorates, the set lower limit value varies depending on the target processing efficiency and other conditions. In general, the NO 2 —N concentration is preferably about 5 to 70 mg-N / L, particularly 20 to 50 mg / L.
[0024]
In the present invention, for example, the raw water inflow can be adjusted as follows.
[0025]
(1) When the reference value of the raw water inflow amount is set in advance and the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank exceeds the set upper limit value, the raw water inflow amount is slightly lower than the reference value, for example, 5 to 50%. reduced, back to the reference value raw water inflow when the
[0026]
(2) When the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank exceeds the set upper limit, the raw water inflow amount is reduced slightly, for example, 5 to 50%, and the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank is reduced. When it falls below the set lower limit, the raw water inflow is increased slightly, for example, 5 to 50% from the current level.
[0027]
(3) In (1) and (2 ) above, the amount of reduction or increase in the amount of raw water inflow is changed according to the difference between the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank and the set upper limit value or the set lower limit value. That is, for example, when the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank is significantly higher than the set upper limit value, the amount of raw water inflow is greatly reduced, and the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank is slightly lower than the set upper limit value. If it is too high, the raw water inflow will be slightly reduced.
[0028]
In the biological denitrification apparatus of FIG. 1, the operation of the raw water pump P 1 is controlled based on the nitrite ion concentration measured by such a nitrite ion sensor, but the operation of the circulation pump P 2 is controlled to control the raw water. The amount of circulating water to be diluted may be adjusted.
[0029]
In this case, when the nitrite ion concentration of the liquid in the tank exceeds the set upper limit value, the circulating water amount is increased, and conversely, when the nitrite ion concentration is lower than the set value, the circulating water amount is decreased.
[0030]
For example, the amount of circulating water can be adjusted as follows.
[0031]
(1) A reference value for the circulating water amount is set in advance, and when the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank exceeds the set upper limit value, the circulating water amount is increased slightly, for example, 5 to 50% from the reference value. When the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank falls below the set lower limit value, the amount of circulating water is returned to the reference value.
[0032]
(2) When the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank exceeds the set upper limit value, the amount of circulating water is increased slightly, for example 5 to 50%, and the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank is set When it falls below the lower limit, the amount of circulating water is reduced slightly, for example, 5 to 50% from the current level.
[0033]
(3) In (1) and (2 ) above, the amount of reduction or increase in the circulating water amount is changed according to the difference between the NO 2 —N concentration of the liquid in the tank and the set upper limit value or the set lower limit value. That is, for example, when the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank is significantly higher than the set upper limit value, the amount of circulating water is greatly increased, and the NO 2 -N concentration of the liquid in the tank is slightly lower than the set upper limit value. If it is high, increase the amount of circulating water slightly.
[0034]
By adjusting the amount of circulating water in this way, the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the inflow water of the reaction tank 1 is adjusted, and the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the raw water inflow part of the reaction tank 1 is maintained in a suitable concentration range. Can do.
[0035]
In addition, you may make it provide the supply means of dilution water different from circulating water, and control the action | operation of this dilution water supply pump. Moreover, you may control both the amount of dilution water (circulation water) and the amount of raw | natural water. In this case, the amount of inflow water flowing into the reaction tank can be made constant by increasing the amount of raw water and decreasing the amount of diluted water, or reducing the amount of raw water and increasing the amount of diluted water.
[0036]
The measurement by the nitrite ion sensor may be continuous measurement or intermittent measurement. When measuring intermittently, the measurement frequency is not particularly limited, and is measured appropriately based on the possibility of fluctuations in the concentration of nitrite ions in the liquid in the tank due to fluctuations in the quality of raw water and other treatment conditions, Generally, it is preferable to measure at a frequency of once every 0.1 to 24 hours.
[0037]
In the biological denitrification apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a nitrite ion sensor installation part is provided outside the reaction tank 1, and the liquid in the tank is extracted from the reaction tank 1 to measure the nitrite nitrogen concentration. A nitrate ion sensor installation portion may be provided at the raw water inlet portion in the reaction tank 1, and the nitrite nitrogen concentration of the liquid in the tank may be directly measured in the reaction tank 1.
[0038]
The biological denitrification apparatus shown in FIG. 1 uses a USB reaction tank that holds granulated sludge of ANAMMOX microorganisms as the denitrification tank, but in the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of the denitrification tank, and the sludge Any type of suspension method, fixed bed, fluidized bed, carrier addition method and the like may be used.
[0039]
For example, when a sludge suspension type denitrification tank is used as a biological denitrification apparatus, a solid-liquid separation means such as a precipitation tank is provided at the subsequent stage of the denitrification tank, and the separated sludge is returned to the denitrification tank. In such a case, a nitrite ion sensor may be provided in the vicinity of the raw water inlet of the denitrification tank.
[0040]
In the biological denitrification method of the present invention, the raw water to be treated is water containing ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, and may contain organic matter and organic nitrogen. It is preferable to decompose it to ammonia nitrogen beforehand, and when the dissolved oxygen concentration is high, it is preferable to remove the dissolved oxygen as necessary. The raw water may contain an inorganic substance. The raw water may be a mixture of a liquid containing ammonia nitrogen and a liquid containing nitrite nitrogen. For example, wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen can be subjected to aerobic treatment in the presence of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, and a portion of ammonia nitrogen, preferably 1/2 of which can be partially oxidized to nitrous acid, can be used as raw water. . Furthermore, a portion of the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen is subjected to aerobic treatment in the presence of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, the ammonia nitrogen is oxidized to nitrous acid and mixed with the remainder of the waste water containing ammonia nitrogen. It is also good.
[0041]
In general, wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen and organic matter such as sewage, human waste, anaerobic nitrification and desorption liquid is often treated. In this case, these are treated aerobically or anaerobically. Thus, it is preferable to use a liquid obtained by decomposing organic matter, decomposing organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen, and further performing partial nitritation or partial nitritation.
[0042]
The ratio of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen in the raw water is preferably 0.5 to 2, particularly 1 to 1.5, with respect to ammonia nitrogen 1 in terms of molar ratio. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the raw water are preferably 5 to 1000 mg / L and 5 to 200 mg / L, respectively, but this is not limited as long as the treated water is circulated and diluted.
[0043]
As biological denitrification conditions of raw water, for example, the temperature of the liquid in the reaction tank is 10 to 40 ° C., particularly 20 to 35 ° C., the pH is 5 to 9, particularly 6 to 8, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 0 to 2.5 mg / L. In particular, 0 to 0.2 mg / L, BOD concentration is 0 to 50 mg / L, particularly 0 to 20 mg / L, nitrogen load is 0.1 to 10 kg-N / m 3 · day, especially 0.2 to 5 kg-N It is preferable to be in the range of / m 3 · day.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 1, when granule sludge is formed in the UASB reaction tank 1, it takes a period of time to form granules only with microorganisms. Therefore, a substance serving as a nucleus is added, and a biofilm of ANAMMOX microorganisms around the nucleus. It is desirable to form. In this case, examples of the nucleus include microbial granules and abiotic simple substances.
[0045]
Examples of the microorganism granules used as the nucleus include anaerobic microorganisms such as methane bacteria granules and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria granules. As the methane bacteria granule, those used in a methane fermentation tank in which methane fermentation is performed by the UASB method or the EGSB method can be applied. Further, as the heterotrophic denitrification granule, those used in a normal denitrification tank such as UASB or EGSB can be applied. These granules can be used as they are or as crushed materials thereof. Autotrophic denitrifying microorganisms are likely to adhere to such microbial granules, and the time required for granule formation is shortened. It is also more economical than using abiotic materials as the core.
[0046]
Examples of the abiotic material used as the core include activated carbon, zeolite, silica sand, diatomaceous earth, fired ceramic, ion exchange resin, and the like, preferably made of activated carbon, zeolite, and the like, and a particle size of 50 to 200 μm, preferably 50. A carrier having an average specific gravity of 1.01 to 2.5, preferably 1.1 to 2.0, can be mentioned.
[0047]
The granulated sludge of the ANAMOX microorganism thus formed has an average particle size of 0.25 to 3 mm, preferably 0.25 to 2 mm, more preferably about 0.25 to 1.5 mm, and an average specific gravity of 1. It is desirable that it is 01 to 2.5, preferably 1.1 to 2.0. The smaller the granule particle size, the larger the specific surface area, which is preferable in that a high sludge concentration is maintained and denitrification is efficiently performed.
[0048]
【Effect of the invention】
As described in detail above, according to the biological denitrification apparatus of the present invention, in the biological denitrification treatment by the ANAMOX microorganism, even if the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the raw water fluctuates, the nitrite that flows into the denitrification tank Stable and efficient biological denitrification can be performed by reliably preventing the inhibition of the ANAMMOX microorganism by nitrogen.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of a biological denitrification apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 USB reaction tank 3 Gas-liquid
Claims (7)
該脱窒槽内の原水流入口付近の液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を測定する亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段と、
該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段の出力信号に基づいて該脱窒槽に流入する原水の流量を調節する手段と
を備える生物脱窒装置であって、
予め該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度の上限値（以下「設定上限値」と称す）と下限値（以下「設定下限値」と称す）を設定しておき、該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段で測定された該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が該設定上限値を越えた場合には、該原水の流量を調節する手段により原水流入量を低減させ、逆に該設定下限値を下回る場合には原水流入量を増加させることを特徴とする生物脱窒装置。The denitrifying microorganism has an inlet for raw water containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen and an outlet for the treatment liquid, and uses ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor and nitrite nitrogen as an electron acceptor. A denitrification tank that biologically denitrifies by action,
Nitrite nitrogen concentration measuring means for measuring the nitrite nitrogen concentration of the liquid near the raw water inlet in the denitrification tank;
A biological denitrification apparatus comprising: means for adjusting a flow rate of raw water flowing into the denitrification tank based on an output signal of the nitrite nitrogen concentration measurement means ,
An upper limit value (hereinafter referred to as “setting upper limit value”) and a lower limit value (hereinafter referred to as “setting lower limit value”) of the nitrite nitrogen concentration of the liquid in the denitrification tank are set in advance, and the nitrite nitrogen concentration When the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the liquid in the denitrification tank measured by the measuring means exceeds the set upper limit value, the raw water inflow amount is reduced by means for adjusting the flow rate of the raw water, and conversely the set lower limit value. A biological denitrification device characterized by increasing the raw water inflow when the value is lower .
原水を希釈するための希釈水を供給する希釈水供給手段と、
前記脱窒槽内の原水流入口付近の液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度を測定する亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段と、
該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段の出力信号に基づいて前記希釈水供給手段が供給する希釈水の供給量を調節する手段と
を備える生物脱窒装置であって、
予め該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度の上限値（以下「設定上限値」と称す）と下限値（以下「設定下限値」と称す）を設定しておき、該亜硝酸性窒素濃度測定手段で測定された該脱窒槽内液の亜硝酸性窒素濃度が該設定上限値を越えた場合には、該希釈水の供給量を調節する手段により希釈水の供給量を増加させ、逆に該設定下限値を下回る場合には希釈水の供給量を低減させることを特徴とする生物脱窒装置。The denitrifying microorganism has an inlet for raw water containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen and an outlet for the treatment liquid, and uses ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor and nitrite nitrogen as an electron acceptor. A denitrification tank that biologically denitrifies by action,
Dilution water supply means for supplying dilution water for diluting the raw water;
Nitrite nitrogen concentration measuring means for measuring the nitrite nitrogen concentration of the liquid in the vicinity of the raw water inlet in the denitrification tank;
A biological denitrification apparatus comprising: means for adjusting a supply amount of dilution water supplied by the dilution water supply means based on an output signal of the nitrite nitrogen concentration measurement means ;
An upper limit value (hereinafter referred to as “setting upper limit value”) and a lower limit value (hereinafter referred to as “setting lower limit value”) of the nitrite nitrogen concentration of the liquid in the denitrification tank are set in advance, and the nitrite nitrogen concentration When the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the liquid in the denitrification tank measured by the measuring means exceeds the set upper limit value, the dilution water supply amount is increased by means for adjusting the dilution water supply amount, and the reverse In addition, the biological denitrification apparatus reduces the supply amount of dilution water when the set lower limit value is not reached .
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