JP4701161B2 - 正確に位置決めされたナノウィスカおよびナノウィスカアレイ、およびそれらを作成する方法 - Google Patents
正確に位置決めされたナノウィスカおよびナノウィスカアレイ、およびそれらを作成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
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- C30B11/08—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt every component of the crystal composition being added during the crystallisation
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B29/62—Whiskers or needles
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Description
概括的に言えば、本発明は、所定のサイトに所定の寸法公差以内の位置精度を以て位置する少なくとも1つのナノウィスカからなるナノテクノロジーあるいはナノエンジニアリングを用いた構造であって、エレクトロニクス・フォトニクス部品において十分使用できるものを含む。
本発明はまた、ナノエンジニアリングを用いた構造であって、所定の空間配置で配置された多数のナノウィスカアレイを含み、ナノウィスカは配置内において、所定の寸法公差内で所定サイトに配置されている構造からなる。本発明において、「アレイ」とはおよそ1000の1次元ナノ要素からなるアセンブリを意味し、すべての場合において、アレイはそのような要素を500以上含み、一般的には106以上含んでもよい。
所定物質からなる基板の表面上の所定の位置に、少なくとも1つの触媒物質の塊を供給することと、
基板をアニールして表面酸化物を除去すると共に、前記塊のおのおのからそれぞれ触媒シード粒子を形成することと、
VLSプロセス(上に定義したもの)によってそれぞれの触媒シード粒子からエピタキシャルに、所定物質のナノウィスカを成長させるように、熱を加え、かつ少なくとも1つの物質を気体の状態で導入することと、からなり、
ナノウィスカを所定位置からの所定の位置公差内に維持するように、アニールおよびナノウィスカ成長条件を制御する製造方法を提供する。
所定の物質の基板を提供し、かつ該基板表面上の所定の位置に少なくとも1つの触媒物質塊を提供することと、
前記塊の各々からそれぞれ触媒シード粒子を生成し、かつVLSプロセス(上に定義したもの)により触媒シード粒子からエピタキシャルに所定物質のナノウィスカを成長させるように、熱を加え、かつ少なくとも1つの物質を気体状態で導入することと、からなり、
前記塊のそれぞれは、触媒シード粒子の形成中に塊を前記表面を横切って移動させようとする力が基板表面上のぬれた界面を介した保持力よりも小さくなるようになされているような方法を提供する。
所定物質の基板を提供することと、
該基板表面上の所定の位置に少なくとも1つの触媒物質塊を提供することと、
VLSプロセスによってそれぞれの触媒シード粒子からエピタキシャルに、所定物質のナノウィスカを成長させるように、熱を加え、かつ少なくとも1つの物質を気体の状態で導入することと、からなり、
前記所定位置におけるナノウィスカの成長核形成に要する時間が基板表面上でのそれぞれの塊の移動性の特性時間よりも小さくなり、ナノウィスカを前記所定位置からの所定の位置公差内に維持するようにナノウィスカの成長条件を制御するような方法を提供する。
基板を提供することと、
該基板表面上に少なくとも1つの触媒物質塊を提供し、その際、各塊は基板上のそれぞれの所定位置に配置することと、
基板表面にマスクを提供することと、
化学ビームエピタキシーおよびVLSプロセス(上に定義したもの)によって、それぞれの触媒シード粒子を介して、所定物質のナノウィスカを、その高さおよび径および位置を制御して成長させるように、熱を加え、かつ少なくとも1つの物質を気体の状態で導入し、その際前記マスクが触媒塊の横移動と基板表面上での成長の両方を抑制することと、からなる方法を提供する。
V=V’
πr2×t=4πr3/3・2
t=2r/3 即ち d=3t
実際には、d:tの比が12:1と2:1の間であれば、満足な結果が得られることが解っている。
Au−In混合物において、451℃で38.4%のInに共晶点(eutectic point)がある。この組成をサンプル上に45nmの膜厚で蒸着した。AuとInは同時に共には蒸着しない。従って、Au−In−Auのようにサンドイッチしたものを用いた。各膜厚は14:17:14nmである。比較のために純粋な金としたものも作成した。これらのサンプルを455℃で20分間加熱し、図10(a)および図10(b)に示す結果を得た。図10(a)はAu−In−Auのサンドイッチの場合を示し、図10(b)は純粋な金の場合を示す。Inを含んだサンプルは表面上に小滴を形成し、その際基板からInを取り入れる必要がないように思われる。純粋な金の場合はInを取り込む必要があり、小滴は基板内に掘り進んでいる。従って、基板上に小滴が形成されるのではなく、小滴の頂部はほとんど表面と同じ高さになっている。小滴は結晶の対称性に倣う。正方形、そして時には長方形の形状は(100)面の四角形形状から理解できる。経験的な法則として、諸形状のサイズが小さいほど、より結晶の対称性に倣う傾向がある。最大の構造が多分に丸いままであったのに対し、最小のものはほぼ完全な四角形となった。AuとInを混合したサンプルの方が良い結果であったが、純粋な金のサンプルも、位置決めを考慮すれば非常によい結果をとなった。このことは、位置決めを考慮すると(100)面が(111)よりもより適しているか、またはInAsがGaAsよりもより適した物質である、ということを意味している。
GaAs基板上のAu−In−Auサンドイッチを用いた。GaAs(111)基板を用いた。これはこのシステムのウィスカ優先成長方向が(111)であるからである。上記サンプルに14nmのAu:17nmのIn:14nmのAuからなる厚さ45nmの金属膜を蒸着した。このサンプルを450℃で15分間加熱した。図11(a)および図11(b)は触媒粒子が問題なく位置決めされていることを示している。この実施形態ではInは小滴であってもよく、基板から多くのGaを吸着することがない。450℃程度の温度はInAsの成長に適した温度範囲に十分入っている。我々のシステムではInAsウィスカの通常の成長温度は410〜460℃である。
Claims (24)
- 基板上に、少なくとも1つのIII−V族又はII−VI族物質からなるナノウィスカを備える、ナノエンジニアリングを用いた構造を製造する方法であって、
所定の物質の基板を提供することと、
該基板表面上の所定の位置に少なくとも1つの触媒物質塊を提供することと、
熱を加え、かつ少なくとも1つのIII又はII族物質を気体状態で導入して、前記塊の各々とIII又はII族物質との合金を形成することによって、合金の触媒シード粒子を生成する第1のステップと、
III又はII族物質を有する第1の先駆ガスとV又はVI族物質を有する第2の先駆ガスとを、前記合金触媒シード粒子に導入しかつ前記第1及び第2の先駆ガスを制御することによって、前記合金の触媒シード粒子からエピタキシャルにIII−V族又はII−VI族物質のナノウィスカを成長させる第2のステップと、からなり、
前記塊のそれぞれは、前記合金の触媒シード粒子の形成中に塊を前記表面を横切って移動させようとする力が基板表面上のぬれた界面を介した保持力よりも小さくなるようになされていることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記各塊は融解に際して基板表面とほぼ同一の界面を維持することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記各塊は径と高さを有し、径と高さの比が1:2と1:12の間であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記比はおよそ1:3であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記各塊は触媒物質からなる第1の領域と、前記触媒シード粒子を形成するための合金を形成する物質からなる第2の領域とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記塊は前記触媒物質からなる第1および第3の層と、それらの間に介在する前記合金を形成する物質からなる第2の層とを含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの塊は触媒塊を境界づけるスタンプを用いたナノインプリントリソグラフィプロセスによって形成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 該スタンプは基板上の1つのナノウィスカのアレイによって形成され、それにより触媒物質塊の任意の径対高さ比を許容することを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記触媒シード粒子を形成する最初のアニール工程と、触媒シード粒子からナノウィスカを成長させる第2の成長工程とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記所定位置におけるナノウィスカの成長核形成に要する時間が基板表面上でのそれぞれの塊の流動性の特性時間よりも小さくなり、ナノウィスカを前記所定位置で所定の位置公差内に維持するようにナノウィスカの成長条件を制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 成長したナノウィスカの基板上所定位置からの位置ずれは該ナノウィスカの径以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は10に記載の方法。
- 前記位置ずれは前記ナノウィスカの径の半分以下であることを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記位置ずれは前記ナノウィスカの径の20%以下であることを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記位置ずれは前記ナノウィスカの径の5%以下であることを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記位置ずれは前記ナノウィスカの径の1%以下であることを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記位置ずれは前記ナノウィスカの径の0.5%以下であることを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 複数の触媒物質塊を所定の配置で提供し、各塊はそれぞれ所定の位置にあり、各ナノウィスカはその所定の位置からの距離がその最隣接ナノウィスカとの距離の10%以内となるような精度で位置することを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は10記載の方法。
- 基板物質はII−VI族、III−V族、IV族のいずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 各位置の周囲の1つ以上のガス状態のナノウィスカ物質の活動を制御して、ナノウィスカの成長を制御することを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- III−V族化合物の成長中にV族物質の活動を制御することを含むことを特徴とする請求項19記載の方法。
- エピタキシャル成長プロセスはMOVPEであり、ナノウィスカ成長のための物質は蒸気の形態で前記基板に導入されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- エピタキシャル成長プロセスはCBEであり、ナノウィスカ成長のための物質はビームの形態で基板に導入されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 基板表面上にマスクを設け、ナノウィスカ成長中の触媒塊の移動を抑制することを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記マスクには開口が設けられており、各開口内にそれぞれの塊を収容することを特徴とする請求項23記載の方法。
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CA2522358A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
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JP2006525214A (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
KR101108998B1 (ko) | 2012-02-09 |
EP1613549A1 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
US8790462B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 |
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