JP4782237B2 - 神経変性疾患の治療薬 - Google Patents
神経変性疾患の治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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Description
最近の研究によって、神経幹細胞が、インビボで造血細胞を発生させうることが明らかになり、神経前駆細胞は神経細胞系譜には限定されないことが示された(Bjornson CR,et al.1999.Science 283:534−7.)。さらに、骨髄間質細胞を新生仔マウスの側脳質に注入すると星細胞へ分化したり(Kopen GC,et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:10711−6.)、または、適当な細胞培養条件下では、インビトロで神経細胞に分化することが報告されている(Woodbury D, et al.2000.J Neurosci Res 61:364−70.)。
上記の事実から判断すれば、自己の大脳より少量の神経組織を採取して、神経幹細胞を抽出・培養し、得られた神経幹細胞を、自己の脊髄の損傷部位に移植することは、自家移植療法として、極めて応用性の高い治療法となるものと考えられる。
[実施例1]骨髄細胞およびシュワン細胞の調製
(1)骨髄単核細胞
マウス骨髄細胞(10μl)を、LacZ(β−ガラクトシダーゼの構造遺伝子)トランスジェニックマウス(ジャクソン研究所)の大腿骨より採取した。採取した細胞サンプルを、Ficoll 3mlを含有するL−15培地(2ml)中に希釈して、遠心分離(2,000rpm、15分間)した。単核球画分から細胞を集め、2mlの無血清培地(前駆神経細胞維持培地(Neural Progenitor cell Maintenance Medium):NPMM)中に懸濁し、さらに遠心分離(2,000rpm、15分間)して、上澄みを除去し、沈降した細胞を回収した。この細胞を再びNPMMに懸濁した。
本望らの方法(J.Neurosci.,16(10):3199−3208,1996)に従い、新生児マウス(P1−3)の坐骨神経からシュワン細胞の初代培養細胞を樹立した。すなわち、坐骨神経から酵素的および物理的処理によって細胞を解離させて、1プレートあたり8×105個の細胞を、ポリ(L−リジン)コートした100−mm2の組織培養皿に接種し、10%(v/v)ウシ胎児血清入りのダルベッコ修正イーグル培地(DMEM)中で培養した。
(1)脱髄モデルラットの調製
12週齢のウイスター(wistar)系ラットを用いて実験を行なった。脊髄後索にX−線を照射した後、臭化エチジウムを注射して(EB−X処理)、局所的な脱髄傷害を生じさせた。すなわち、ケタミン(75mg/kg)およびキシラジン(10mg/kg)をラットの腹腔内に投与して麻酔し、鉛製遮蔽板(4mm厚)中に設けた2x4cmの開口部を通して、第10胸椎レベル(T−10)から尾部に向かう脊髄部分に対し、SoftxM−150WZ放射線治療機(100kV,1.15mA,SSD20cm,照射量200cグレイ/分)を使用して表面線量40グレイのX−線を照射した。X−線照射後3日目にラットを上記と同様に麻酔してから、無菌条件下で第11胸椎部位(T−11)の脊弓を切除した。先端を長く延ばしたガラスマイクロピペットにより、後索部位に臭化エチジウム(EB)を直接注射して、脱髄損傷部位を生じさせた。すなわち、深さ0.7mmと0.4mmの位置に0.3mg/ml EB含有生理食塩水0.5μlを注射した。
EB注射を行なってから3日後に、上記EB−X傷害部位の中央に、実施例1で得た細胞懸濁液1μl(1x104 cells/μl)を注射により移植した。移植処理を施したラットには、シクロスポリンA(10mg/kg/日)を投与して免疫抑制した。
ラットの腹腔内にペントバルビタールナトリウム(60mg/kg)を投与して深麻酔し、心臓カニューレを通して、最初にリン酸緩衝液(PBS)を灌流し、次いで、0.14M Sorensen’s(セーレンセン)リン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)中2%グルタールアルデヒドおよび2%パラホルムアルデヒドを含有する固定液を灌流した。インサイチューで10分間固定した後、脊髄を慎重に切り出し、1mmの長さに切り分けてから、新しい固定液中に保存した。この組織を、Sorensen’sリン酸緩衝液で数回洗浄し、25℃にて2時間、1%オスミウム酸(OsO4)中で後固定した後、エタノール溶液の濃度を上げながら脱水し、プロピレンオキサイドに通してからEPON中に包理した。切片を1μm厚に切り出して、0.5%メチレンブルーおよび0.5%アズールIIを含有する0.5%ホウ酸溶液で対比染色し、光学顕微鏡(Zeiss社製:Axioskop FS)を用いて観察した。また、薄片をウラニルおよび鉛塩で対比染色し、JEOL JEM1200EX電子顕微鏡(日本電子社製)を60kVで操作しながら観察を行なった。
移植してから3週間後に、β−ガラクトシダーゼを発現する髄鞘形成細胞をin vivoで観察した。脊髄を採取し、リン酸緩衝液中0.5%グルタールアルデヒドで1時間固定してから、ビブラトームを用いて100μm厚の切片を切り出した。この切片を、X−Gal発色液(35mM K3Fe(CN)6/35mM K4Fe(CN)6・3H2O/2mM MgCl2−リン酸緩衝液)中最終濃度1mg/mlのX−Gal(β−ガラクトシダーゼと反応し発色する基質)と共に37℃で一晩インキュベートし、細胞内を青色に発色させて、β−ガラクトシダーゼを発現する髄鞘形成細胞を検出した。次に、この切片を3.6%(v/v)グルタールアルデヒド含有リン酸緩衝液(0.14M)中でさらに3時間固定し、青色の反応生成物(β−ガラクトシダーゼ反応生成物)の存在を光学顕微鏡で観察した。1%オスミウム酸によって組織染色を行ない、エタノールの段階希釈液で脱水し、さらに、プロピレンオキサイドに短時間浸した後、EPON中に包理した。そして、それ以上の染色は行なわずに、電子顕微鏡下で超薄切片を観察した。
Claims (4)
- 骨髄又は臍帯血由来の単離された、神経細胞又はグリア細胞へ分化しうる細胞であって、SH2(+)、SH3(+)、SH4(+)、CD29(+)、CD44(+)、CD14(−)、CD34(−)、及びCD45(−)の性質で単離された細胞
からなる、神経変性疾患の治療薬。 - 骨髄又は臍帯血由来の単離された、神経細胞又はグリア細胞へ分化しうる細胞であって、SH2(+)、SH3(+)、SH4(+)、CD29(+)、CD44(+)、CD14(−)、CD34(−)、及びCD45(−)の性質で単離された細胞
からなる、脱髄疾患の治療薬。 - 骨髄又は臍帯血由来の単離された、神経細胞又はグリア細胞へ分化しうる細胞であって、SH2(+)、SH3(+)、SH4(+)、CD29(+)、CD44(+)、CD14(−)、CD34(−)、及びCD45(−)の性質で単離された細胞
からなる、脳腫瘍の治療薬。 - 骨髄又は臍帯血由来の単離された、神経細胞又はグリア細胞へ分化しうる細胞であって、SH2(+)、SH3(+)、SH4(+)、CD29(+)、CD44(+)、CD14(−)、CD34(−)、及びCD45(−)の性質で単離された細胞
からなる、てんかんの治療薬。
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US10640749B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 |
US20120237946A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
EP2292735A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
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EP1302534A4 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
KR20030032973A (ko) | 2003-04-26 |
WO2002000849A1 (fr) | 2002-01-03 |
KR100947576B1 (ko) | 2010-03-15 |
JP2010260873A (ja) | 2010-11-18 |
AU2001274624A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
US20120237487A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
US20110158967A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
JP4621410B2 (ja) | 2011-01-26 |
CA2413910A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
KR20090131682A (ko) | 2009-12-29 |
EP2295539A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
KR100947577B1 (ko) | 2010-03-15 |
CN1449439A (zh) | 2003-10-15 |
US20130195808A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
JPWO2002000849A1 (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1302534A1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
US20040121461A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
US20050282276A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
US20080248004A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
US7098027B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
US9115344B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
US20150337265A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
US20120237486A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
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