JP4638092B2 - Electricity / hydrogen combined supply facility - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combined power / hydrogen facility that can increase the facility utilization rate regardless of a decrease in power demand.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An example of the conventional power generation equipment provided with the gas turbine and the steam turbine is shown in FIG.
The conventional power generation facility shown in FIG. 1 includes a gas turbine 1 that generates a rotational driving force by mixing and burning captured air a and fuel f (natural gas), and steam using exhaust gas g from the gas turbine 1 as a heat source. and an exhaust gas boiler 2 that generates s, a steam turbine 3 that is rotationally driven by steam s from the exhaust gas boiler 2, and a generator 4 that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine 3 and the gas turbine 1. It is configured.
[0003]
The gas turbine 1 has a compressor 1a that compresses and discharges the air a that has been taken in, a combustor 1b that is supplied with compressed air compressed by the compressor 1a, and is driven to rotate by the combustion gas of the combustor 1b. Turbine 1c to be operated.
Further, the exhaust gas boiler 2 is provided with a heat exchanging portion 2a for heating the steam s whose temperature has been lowered through the steam turbine 3 with the exhaust gas g. Then, the exhaust gas g which has been lowered in temperature through the heat exchanging portion 2 a is discharged from the chimney 5.
The steam turbine 3 is rotationally driven by the steam s from the exhaust gas boiler 2 and includes a rotating shaft 3a.
The generator 4 is connected between the rotating shaft 3a of the steam turbine 3 and the rotating shaft 1d of the gas turbine 1, and can generate electric power by the rotational driving force of these rotating shafts 3a and 1d.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the conventional power generation equipment described above has a problem that the load on the power supply needs to be reduced when the power demand is reduced at night, so that the equipment utilization rate is lowered and the power generation cost is increased. In other words, when power demand decreases, surplus power is generated when the same operation as in the daytime occurs, and this surplus power cannot be stored. Therefore, the power generation capacity is reduced according to the decrease in power demand. It was necessary to reduce the facility utilization rate.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation means capable of reducing the total power generation cost by increasing the facility utilization rate regardless of a decrease in power demand.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
That is, the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to claim 1 includes a gas turbine that generates a rotational driving force by mixing and burning air and fuel, and an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by using exhaust gas from the gas turbine as a heat source. A steam turbine that is rotationally driven by the steam from the exhaust gas boiler, and a generator that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine and the gas turbine, and the exhaust gas boiler is configured to generate the exhaust gas by the exhaust gas boiler. A hydrogen separation reformer that takes in a part of steam and natural gas and heats it with exhaust gas from the gas turbine to generate at least hydrogen is provided. the supplied to the gas turbine as part of a fuel, wherein the normal reduced power demand requiring low power generation amount than the power generation amount, is stored It is characterized in.
[0007]
According to the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility of the first aspect, when the electric power demand decreases, the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen separation reformer can be stored and used at any time. That is, instead of electric power that could not be stored conventionally, it can be supplied as another form of energy that can be stored, hydrogen.
Also, during normal operation, compared to the case where natural gas is directly injected into the gas turbine as fuel and burned, the natural gas is converted into hydrogen gas through a hydrogen separation reformer and then injected into the gas turbine for combustion. As a result, higher thermal efficiency can be obtained as a whole.
[0008]
The electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to claim 2 is the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to claim 1, further comprising a fuel cell that takes in the hydrogen stored when the electric power demand is reduced and generates electric power during the normal operation. It is provided.
According to the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to the second aspect, since the amount of power generated by the fuel cell can be added to the amount of power generated during normal operation, the power generation capacity during normal operation can be further increased. It becomes like this.
[0009]
The combined power / hydrogen supply facility according to claim 3 is the combined power / hydrogen supply facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrogen separation reformer is heated by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine. A catalyst for generating hydrogen and carbon dioxide by chemically reacting a mixed fluid of gas and the vapor and a palladium alloy membrane for selectively separating the generated hydrogen are provided.
According to the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to the third aspect, when hydrogen is obtained by another hydrogen separation type reformer, a relatively high heating temperature (for example, 800 ° C.) is required. By adopting the hydrogen separation reformer having the configuration, hydrogen can be efficiently generated even at the exhaust gas temperature (for example, 550 ° C.) level of the gas turbine.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One embodiment of the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is of course not limited thereto.
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a schematic device configuration of the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hydrogen separation type reformer which is one component of the electric power / hydrogen cogeneration facility, where (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is a part of A part of (a). It is an enlarged view. Moreover, FIG. 3 is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the combined supply method of the electric power and hydrogen by the same electric power / hydrogen combined supply equipment.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present embodiment includes a gas turbine 10 that mixes and burns captured air a and fuel f to generate a rotational driving force, and an exhaust gas e from the gas turbine 10. An exhaust gas boiler 11 that generates steam s using the heat as a heat source, a steam turbine 12 that is rotationally driven by the steam s from the exhaust gas boiler 11, and a generator 13 that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine 12 and the gas turbine 10; The chimney 14 is schematically configured.
[0012]
The gas turbine 10 is driven to rotate by a compressor 10a that compresses and discharges the taken air a, a combustor 10b that is supplied with the air a compressed by the compressor 10a, and a combustion gas g of the combustor 10b. Turbine 10c. The compressor 10a and the turbine 10c have a common rotating shaft 10d, and the generator 13 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft 10d. The combustor 10b mixes and burns natural gas m (methane gas), hydrogen h, and off-gas c (carbon dioxide), which will be described later, with the air a as the fuel f to generate a high-temperature combustion gas g.
[0013]
The steam turbine 12 is rotationally driven by the steam s from the exhaust gas boiler 11, and includes a rotating shaft 12a coaxial with the rotating shaft 10d, and the generator 13 is connected to one end thereof. ing. Therefore, the generator 13 is connected between the rotary shafts 10d and 12a, and can generate electric power by the rotational driving force of the rotary shafts 10d and 12a.
[0014]
Further, the exhaust gas boiler 11 takes in a boiler body 11a, a part of the steam s generated in the boiler body 11a, and natural gas m (methane gas) supplied separately, and is heated by the exhaust gas e from the gas turbine 10. And a hydrogen separation reformer 11b (membrane reformer) that generates the hydrogen h and off-gas c.
The hydrogen h and off-gas c generated in the hydrogen separation reformer 11b and the natural gas m can be supplied toward the combustor 10b. The hydrogen h can be supplied to the combustor 10b or stored as hydrogen gas energy.
That is, during a normal operation that requires a normal power generation amount, it is supplied to the combustor 10b of the gas turbine 10 as a part of the fuel f, and is stored in a storage tank (not shown) when the power demand that requires a lower power generation amount than the normal power generation amount decreases. It is possible.
[0015]
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the hydrogen separation type reformer 11b includes a casing 20 having a substantially double cylindrical shape, and a catalyst 21 filled in a space between the inner cylinder 20a and the outer cylinder 20b. And a tubular membrane tube 22 arranged in the catalyst 21, an intake port 23 for taking a mixed fluid of natural gas m and steam s into the casing 20, and taking out the generated hydrogen h to the outside of the casing 20. A hydrogen take-out pipe 24 and an off-gas discharge pipe 25 for discharging the generated off-gas c to the outside of the casing 20 are configured.
[0016]
The catalyst 21 chemically reacts a mixed fluid of natural gas m and steam s heated by the exhaust gas e (having a temperature of about 550 ° C.) from the gas turbine 10 to generate hydrogen h and off-gas c (carbon dioxide). ).
The membrane tube 22 is a tube in which a plurality of tubes are arranged at equal intervals in a direction parallel to the axis of the casing 20, and an inner film made of a palladium alloy film and a porous metal body provided inside the outer film. It has a double membrane structure with the membrane. These membrane tubes 22 can be separated from the off-gas c by selectively taking only the hydrogen h out of the hydrogen h and the off-gas c generated by the catalyst 21 outside. Accordingly, the hydrogen h is extracted from the hydrogen take-out pipe 24, and the off gas c is discharged from the off gas discharge pipe 25.
[0017]
The chimney 14 shown in FIG. 1 discharges the exhaust gas e after passing through the exhaust gas boiler 11 in the order of the hydrogen separation reformer 11b and the boiler body 11a to the atmosphere.
Further, the natural gas m taken into the hydrogen separation reformer 11b passes through the preheater 11c and is preheated by the heat y that is part of the heat generated by the boiler body 11a.
[0018]
The operation of the power / hydrogen combined supply facility of the present embodiment described above will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the following description, the normal operation time will be described as daytime, and the power demand decrease time will be described as nighttime.
First, the daytime that requires predetermined power will be described. The gas turbine 10 takes the air a into the compressor 10a and compresses it, and then pumps it to the combustor 10b. In the combustor 10b, the pressurized air a, hydrogen h and off-gas c from the hydrogen separation reformer 11b, and natural gas m are mixed and burned, and this high-temperature combustion gas g is sent to the turbine 10c. To go. Then, the exhaust gas e discharged by rotating the turbine 10c is put into the hydrogen separation reformer 11b in its high temperature state (for example, 550 ° C.), and the separately supplied natural gas m and steam s are heated. To do. Then, natural gas m and steam s are converted into hydrogen h and off-gas c by the catalyst 21.
[0019]
The high-purity hydrogen h produced in this way is introduced into the combustor 10b together with the off-gas c and the separately supplied natural gas m, mixed and combusted, and then becomes the combustion gas g as described above to become the turbine 10c. Sent out. On the other hand, the exhaust gas e after heating the hydrogen separation reformer 11b is put into the boiler body 11a, and the water returning from the steam turbine 12 is heated to generate steam s. The steam s drives the steam turbine 12 to rotate.
[0020]
Therefore, the generator 13 is driven by the steam turbine 12 and the gas turbine 10 to generate electric power E. The electric power E at this time can generate higher electric power as a total as compared with the case where the natural gas m is not supplied with the hydrogen h but is directly supplied to the gas turbine 10 as the fuel f and burned. Incidentally, according to the calculation of the inventors of the present invention, it has been found that the power generation efficiency can be improved by 0.3 to 0.5%. That is, in FIG. 3, it is possible to obtain a higher power than the case where the power E ′, which is the power improvement due to the combustion of hydrogen h or the like, is combusted in the combustor 10 b with the natural gas m. Yes.
[0021]
Next, the nighttime when power demand decreases will be described. At this night, only the natural gas m and off gas c are put into the combustor 10b and burned, and only the hydrogen h is stored in the storage tank, and the other operations are the same in the daytime. is there. Therefore, the stored hydrogen h can be used at any time. That is, instead of electric power that could not be stored conventionally, hydrogen h can be supplied as another storable energy. The stored hydrogen h may be used for other purposes as industrial product hydrogen, or a fuel cell (not shown) is provided in the power / hydrogen combined supply facility of the present embodiment, and the fuel cell. Alternatively, the stored hydrogen h may be taken in and generated during the daytime. In this case, the daytime power generation capacity can be further increased.
[0022]
The combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility of the present embodiment described above includes the hydrogen separation reformer 11b in the exhaust gas boiler 11, and the generated hydrogen h and off-gas c are supplied to the gas turbine 10 as part of the fuel f during normal operation. A configuration that supplies power and stores it when power demand falls is adopted. According to this configuration, when the equipment is operated with a constant load when the power demand is reduced, the power that cannot be stored by the conventional power generation equipment and becomes surplus can be stored as storable energy called hydrogen h. It becomes like this. Therefore, it is not necessary to reduce the load so as not to generate surplus power as in the conventional case, and it becomes possible to operate at a constant load and increase the facility utilization rate regardless of the decrease in power demand. It is possible to reduce the power generation cost.
Further, in the normal operation, compared with the case where the natural gas m is directly supplied to the gas turbine 10 as the fuel f and combusted, the natural gas m is converted into hydrogen h through the hydrogen separation reformer and then the gas turbine 10. It is possible to obtain a higher improvement in thermal efficiency as a whole by putting it in and burning it.
[0023]
Further, in the combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present embodiment, the hydrogen separation reformer 11b and the catalyst 21 that generates hydrogen h and off-gas c by chemically reacting the mixed fluid of the heated natural gas m and steam s A configuration including a membrane tube 22 that selectively separates the generated hydrogen h was employed. According to this configuration, it is possible to efficiently generate hydrogen h from the natural gas m even at the exhaust gas temperature (for example, 550 ° C.) level of the gas turbine 10.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a combined electric power / hydrogen supply facility includes a hydrogen separation reformer in an exhaust gas boiler, and supplies generated hydrogen to a gas turbine as fuel during normal operation and stores it when power demand decreases. Adopted the configuration. According to this configuration, when the equipment is operated with a constant load when the power demand is reduced, it is possible to save the surplus power that cannot be stored in the conventional power generation equipment as storable energy called hydrogen. become. Therefore, it is not necessary to reduce the load so as not to generate surplus power as in the conventional case, and it becomes possible to operate at a constant load and increase the facility utilization rate regardless of the decrease in power demand. It is possible to reduce the power generation cost.
Also, during normal operation, compared to the case where natural gas is directly injected into the gas turbine as fuel and burned, the natural gas is converted into hydrogen gas through a hydrogen separation reformer and then injected into the gas turbine for combustion. It is possible to obtain higher thermal efficiency improvement as a whole.
[0025]
Moreover, the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility described in claim 2 employs a configuration further including a fuel cell that takes in the hydrogen stored when power demand is reduced and generates electric power during normal operation. According to this configuration, it is possible to further increase the power generation capacity during normal operation.
[0026]
Further, in the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to claim 3, the hydrogen separation type reformer is generated with a catalyst that generates hydrogen and carbon dioxide by chemically reacting a heated mixed fluid of natural gas and steam. In addition, a configuration including a palladium alloy membrane for selectively separating hydrogen was employed. According to this configuration, it is possible to efficiently generate hydrogen from natural gas even at the exhaust gas temperature (for example, 550 ° C.) level of the gas turbine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a combined power / hydrogen supply facility of the present invention, and is an overall configuration diagram showing a schematic device configuration.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a hydrogen separation type reformer that is a component of the same power / hydrogen cogeneration facility, where FIG. 2A is a perspective view, and FIG. 2B is a partially enlarged view of part A in FIG. It is.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method for simultaneously supplying electric power and hydrogen by the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a conventional power generation facility including a steam turbine and a gas turbine, and is an overall configuration diagram showing a schematic equipment configuration.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Gas turbine 11 ... Exhaust gas boiler 11b ... Hydrogen separation type reformer 12 ... Steam turbine 13 ... Generator 21 ... Catalyst 22 ... Membrane pipe (palladium alloy film)
a ... air c ... carbon dioxide (off-gas)
e ... exhaust gas f ... fuel h ... hydrogen m ... natural gas s ... steam

Claims (3)

A gas turbine that generates a rotational driving force by mixing and burning air and fuel, an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using exhaust gas from the gas turbine as a heat source, and a steam turbine that is rotationally driven by the steam from the exhaust gas boiler And a generator for generating electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine and the gas turbine,
The exhaust gas boiler includes a hydrogen separation reformer that takes in a part of the steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler and natural gas, and heats the exhaust gas from the gas turbine to generate at least hydrogen. And
The hydrogen is supplied to the gas turbine as a part of the fuel during a normal operation that requires a normal power generation amount, and is stored when a power demand that requires a lower power generation amount than the normal power generation amount is reduced. Electricity / hydrogen combined supply equipment. In the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to claim 1,
A combined power / hydrogen supply facility further comprising a fuel cell that takes in the hydrogen stored when the power demand is reduced and generates power during the normal operation. In the electric power / hydrogen combined supply facility according to claim 1 or 2,
The hydrogen separation type reformer includes a catalyst that generates hydrogen and carbon dioxide by chemically reacting a mixed fluid of the natural gas and the steam heated by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine, and the generated hydrogen gas. A power / hydrogen combined supply facility comprising a palladium alloy membrane for selectively separating hydrogen.

Images