JP4605428B2 - COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION TERMINAL DEVICE, COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND PROGRAM - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a communication system, a communication terminal device, a communication method, and a program, and is suitable for application to an ad hoc network.

  In recent years, with the spread of mobile computers such as notebook personal computers and PDAs, there is an increasing demand for a network computing environment in which these mobile computers can be connected wirelessly. One such network is an ad hoc network.

  In an ad hoc network, there is no dedicated router for relaying data, and a plurality of communication terminal devices (hereinafter referred to as nodes) route predetermined control messages by wireless communication, thereby providing mobility, It is designed to build a highly flexible and economical network.

  In an ad hoc network in which all nodes are connected by a wireless network in this way, unlike a conventional fixed network, the topology changes very frequently, so a route control method for ensuring reliability ( Routing protocol) must be established.

  Currently proposed ad hoc network routing protocols include an on-demand method for finding a communication route to a communication destination immediately before starting communication, and a communication route for each node to each other node regardless of the presence or absence of communication. Can be roughly divided into two categories of table driving methods in which these are found in advance and held as a table. In recent years, a hybrid system integrating these has also been proposed.

  Among these, a representative on-demand routing protocol is an AODV (Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector) protocol proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) MANET WG (Mobil Adhoc NETwork Working Group). The route discovery process in this AODV will be described below.

  FIG. 11 shows an ad hoc network system 1 constructed by a plurality of nodes A ′ to E ′ and S ′. In this figure, nodes A ′ to E ′ and S ′ that are within a mutually communicable range are connected by a line. Therefore, it is necessary to perform communication between the nodes A ′ to E ′ and S ′ that are not connected by lines via the other nodes A ′ to E ′ and S ′. In this case, the route discovery process described below is performed. Thus, the route between the nodes A ′ to E ′ and S ′ to be communicated is found.

  For example, when the node S ′ starts communication with the node D ′, when the node S ′ does not know the communication route to the node D ′, the node S ′ first sends a route request message as shown in FIG. Broadcast (RREQ: Route Request).

  This route request message includes “Type”, “Flag”, “Reserved”, “Hop Count”, “RREQ ID”, “Destination Address”, “Destination Sequence Number”, “Originator Address”, and “Originator Sequence Number”. Each field consists of a message type (“1” in the case of a route request message) in the “Type” field, flags for various communication controls in the “Flag” field, and the hop count (in the “Hop Count” field). The initial value is “0”), and the unique ID assigned to the route request message (hereinafter referred to as a route request message ID) is stored in the “RREQ ID” field.

  In the “Destination Address” field of the route request message, the address of the node D ′ that is the destination of the route request message is stored. In the “Destination Sequence Number” field, the sequence number of the node D ′ that the node S ′ last knows, The “Originator Address” field stores the address of the node S ′, and the “Originator Sequence Number” field stores the sequence number of the node S ′.

  The nodes A ′ to E ′ that have received the route request message are route request messages addressed to themselves based on the destination of the route request message stored in the “Destination Address” field of the route request message. If it is not addressed to itself, the number of hops stored in the “Hop Count” field is increased by “1”, and this route request message is rebroadcast.

  At this time, the nodes A ′ to E ′ investigate whether or not the address of the node D ′ that is the transmission destination of the route request message exists in its route table. Various information (entries) related to the reverse path to the path is inserted into the path table.

  Here, this route table is a table to be referred to when data having the node (here, the node D ′) as a transmission destination is received thereafter. As shown in FIG. 13, “Destination Address”, It consists of “Destination Sequence Number”, “Hop Count”, “Next Hop”, “Precursor List”, and “Life Time” fields.

  Then, during the process of inserting the reverse route into the route table, the nodes A ′ to E ′ have the “Destination Address”, “Destination Sequence Number”, or “Hop Count” fields in the route table “ Data in each field of “Destination Address”, “Destination Sequence Number”, and “Hop Count” is copied.

  The nodes A ′ to E ′ have neighboring nodes A ′ to C ′ that have transferred the route request message included in the header of the packet in which the route request message is stored in the “Next Hop” field of the route table 4. The addresses of E ′ and S ′ are stored. As a result, a reverse route to the node D ′ is set, and when data having the node D ′ as a transmission destination is transmitted thereafter, the corresponding “Next Hop” is based on this route table. The data is transferred to the nodes A ′ to E ′ at the address described in the field.

  Further, the nodes A ′ to E ′ store a list of other nodes A ′ to E ′ that use the route for communication in the “Precursor List” field of the route table, and the lifetime of the route in the “Life Time” field. Is stored. Thus, after this, the entry is managed based on the survival time stored in the “Life Time” field, and is deleted from the route table when the lifetime has passed without being used.

  Thereafter, similar processing is performed in each of the corresponding nodes A ′ to E ′ in the ad hoc network system 1, and the route request message is eventually transmitted to the node D ′ that is the route request message transmission destination node. The

  At this time, each of the nodes A ′ to E ′ receiving this route request message checks the route request message ID (“RREQ ID” in FIG. 13) of the route request message to prevent double reception, and the same route in the past. If a route request message with the request message ID has been received, this route request message is discarded.

  Note that a plurality of route request messages may reach the node D ′ through different routes. At this time, the node D ′ gives priority to the one that has arrived first, and discards the one that has arrived after the second. It is made like that. As a result, a unique route from the node S that is the source of the route request message to the node D ′ that is the destination can be created in both directions.

  On the other hand, the node D ′ that has received the route request message 2 creates a route reply message (RREP: Route Reply) as shown in FIG. 14, and sends it to neighboring nodes C ′ and E ′ that have transferred this route request message. To unicast.

  This route response message includes fields of “Type”, “Flag”, “Reserved”, “Prefix Sz”, “Hop Count”, “Destination Address”, “Destination Sequence Number”, “Originator Address”, and “Lifetime”. The “Type” field contains the message type (“2” for route response messages), the “Flag” field contains various communication control flags, the “Prefix Sz” field contains the subnet address, and “Hop”. The number of hops (initial value is “0”) is stored in the “Count” field.

  In the “Destination Address”, “Destination Sequence Number”, and “Originator Address” fields of the route response message, the “Originator Address”, “Originator Sequence Number”, or “Destination Address” fields in the route request message are respectively displayed. Data is copied.

  The nodes C ′ and E ′ that have received this route response message are route response messages addressed to themselves based on the destination of the route response message described in the “Destination Address” field of the route response message. If it is not addressed to itself, the number of hops stored in the “Hop Count” field is increased by “1”, and this route response message is set as a reverse route at the time of forwarding the route request message ( Unicast to nodes A ′ to C ′ and E ′, which are nodes described in the “Next Hop” field of the route table for the node S (FIG. 13).

  At this time, the nodes A ′ to C ′, E ′, and S ′ check whether or not the address of the node D that is the transmission source of the route response message exists in its route table. Inserts an entry for the backward route to node D in the route table in the same manner as described above with reference to FIG.

  Thus, thereafter, similar processing is sequentially performed at each of the corresponding nodes A ′ to C ′ and E ′, whereby the route response message is eventually transmitted to the node S that is the destination of the route request message. . When the node S ′ receives this route response message, the route discovery process ends.

  In this way, AODV establishes a communication path by performing such a path discovery process and selecting a path between nodes.

  Note that the on-demand method, the table driving method, and the hybrid method, which are currently proposed as routing protocols for ad hoc networks, have different ways of creating a route. This is common in that it has one route (next hop) for one destination.

  Therefore, when a path between nodes intervening on the communication path is disconnected due to some failure, there is a failure countermeasure technique such as establishing a new communication path (hereinafter referred to as an alternative path) in place of the communication path. Necessary.

  In the above-described AODV in the on-demand system, there is a technique called local repair as a technique for dealing with such a failure. In this local repair, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, when the path between, for example, the node A ′ and the node C ′ on the communication path (S′-A′-C′-D ′) is disconnected, The above-described route discovery process is performed starting from the disconnection node A ′, and an alternative route (S′-A′-B′-E′-D ′) to the node D ′ is established.

At that time, a field indicating the quality state of the route is expanded in advance in the route table (FIG. 13), a route discovery process is performed while considering the quality state of the route, and a highly reliable alternative route is established. This is also conceivable (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
US Patent No. 005949760 (FIG. 2)

  However, in such local repair, even if an alternative route is established while considering the quality state of the route, the route discovery process is performed from the time when a certain route is already disconnected (detected time). Is effective for communication modes such as real-time communication that require immediacy, because the processing load for data that cannot be transmitted until the time of establishment is established and the time consumed until the alternative route is established increases. Don't be.

  Further, since a new alternative route is established starting from the node A ′ that is the source of the route disconnection, in an ad hoc network in which the topology changes frequently, as shown in FIG. 15, the shortest alternative route (S ′ -B'-E'-D ') may exist, but an alternative route (S'-A'-B'-E'-D') having a large number of hops may be established by detouring. is there. That is, there is a possibility that an optimal alternative route according to the topology that changes sequentially cannot be established.

  On the other hand, when a route is disconnected, it is conceivable to establish an alternative route from the node S ′ instead of from the source of the disconnection. In this case, an alternative route with a large number of hops may be established by detouring. Therefore, it is possible to establish an optimal alternative route according to the topology that changes sequentially, but there still remains a problem that the processing load and consumption time increase, which is effective for communication forms such as real-time communication that require immediacy. It will not be a measure against trouble.

  As described above, in the local repair, the alternative route is established from the time when the route has already been disconnected. Therefore, the countermeasure for the failure is still insufficient depending on the communication form.

  On the other hand, in the table driving method, the routing information is always exchanged between the nodes by the routing protocol, and there is a problem that the processing load when the routing information is exchanged increases. It is not suitable for communication forms such as real-time communication requiring low power consumption and communication requiring low power consumption.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and intends to propose a highly reliable communication system, communication terminal apparatus, communication method, and program.

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention is based on the message transmitted from the first communication terminal to the third communication terminal via the second communication terminal. Is a communication system that creates a route to the communication terminal and communicates between the first and third communication terminals via the created route, and the second communication device determines the communication state on the upstream side of the message. Measuring means for measuring the indicated index value, and when the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection sign, the number of times that the value should be notified is limited by a predetermined ratio and unicasted to the first communication terminal for notification Status notification means. The first communication terminal limits the number of times to be notified from the second communication terminal by a predetermined ratio, and when the number of notifications of a value indicating a disconnection indication per unit time that is unicast exceeds a predetermined number, Message sending means for broadcasting a message for creating a route whose communication state is better than a numerical value obtained as a statistical result of the number of notifications.

Further, the present invention provides a route from a transmission source communication terminal to a transmission destination communication terminal based on a message interposed between the transmission source communication terminal and the transmission destination communication terminal. A communication terminal device for generating an index value indicating a communication state on the upstream side of a message, and when the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection indication , And a state notification means for unicasting to the first communication terminal by limiting at a predetermined ratio .

Furthermore, the present invention is provided between a transmission source communication terminal and a transmission destination communication terminal, and based on a message transmitted from the transmission source communication terminal and transmitted to the transmission destination communication terminal. A communication terminal device communication method for creating a route to a first step of measuring an index value indicating a communication state on the upstream side of a message, and when the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection sign, And a second step of limiting the number of times that the value should be notified by a predetermined ratio and unicasting to the first communication terminal.

Further, according to the present invention, a route to itself is created by a communication terminal interposed between the communication terminal and the destination communication terminal based on a message transmitted from the destination to the destination communication terminal. Per unit time of a value indicating a disconnect indication that is unicast by limiting the number of times to be notified from an intervening communication terminal by a predetermined ratio. When the number of notifications exceeds a predetermined number, message sending means for broadcasting a message for creating a route whose communication state is better than a numerical value obtained as a statistical result of the value for the number of notifications.

Further, according to the present invention, a route to itself is created by a communication terminal interposed between the communication terminal and the destination communication terminal based on a message transmitted from the destination to the destination communication terminal. A communication terminal device communication method for communicating with a destination communication terminal through a value indicating a disconnect indication that is unicast by limiting the number of times to be notified from an intervening communication terminal by a predetermined ratio. When the number of notifications per unit time of the first step to be received and the value indicating the disconnection sign exceeds a predetermined number of times, the communication state is better than the numerical value obtained as the statistical result of the value for the number of notifications Broadcasting a message to be created.

Furthermore, the present invention is a program that is interposed between a transmission source communication terminal and a transmission destination communication terminal, and is based on a message transmitted from the transmission source communication terminal to the transmission destination communication terminal. Measure the index value indicating the communication state upstream of the message to the communication terminal device that creates the route to the communication terminal, and notify the value if the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection indication The power frequency is limited by a predetermined ratio, and the first communication terminal is unicasted and notified.

Furthermore, the present invention is a program, wherein a route to itself is created by a communication terminal interposed between the communication terminal and the destination communication terminal based on a message transmitted from the terminal to the destination communication terminal. Indicates a disconnection sign that is unicast by limiting the number of times to be notified from an intervening communication terminal to a communication terminal device that communicates with a destination communication terminal via a created path by a predetermined ratio. When the number of notifications per unit time of receiving a value and a value indicating a disconnection sign exceeds a predetermined number, a route is created that has a better communication state than the numerical value obtained as a statistical result of the value for the number of notifications To broadcast a message to be executed.

  According to the present invention, based on a message transmitted from the first communication terminal and transmitted to the third communication terminal via the second communication terminal, the second communication terminal transmits the first communication terminal of the message. In the communication system that creates a route up to and communicates between the transmission source and the third communication terminal via the created route, the second communication terminal has a communication disconnection indication on the route upstream of the message. Is detected as a pre-cutting state, and a state notification means for notifying the first communication terminal of the pre-cutting state is provided, and the first communication terminal corresponds to the pre-cutting state notified from the second communication terminal. By generating a message that uses a route other than the route as a creation condition and providing a message sending means to send the message, an alternative route can be secured in advance before disconnection, so immediacy It can be carried out effectively fault tolerance despite the required communication mode of the real-time communication.

  Further, the present invention provides a communication terminal device that is interposed between a transmission source and a transmission destination and creates a route to the transmission source based on a message transmitted from the transmission source and transmitted to the transmission destination. In order to secure an alternative route in advance before disconnection by detecting a disconnection indication of communication in the route to be detected as a pre-disconnection state and providing a state notification means for notifying the transmission source of the pre-disconnection state. Since notification can be made, it is possible to effectively take measures against failures regardless of the communication mode such as real-time communication that requires immediacy.

  Furthermore, the present invention relates to a communication method for a communication terminal apparatus that creates a route to a transmission source based on a message that is interposed between the transmission source and the transmission destination and is transmitted from the transmission source to the transmission destination. A first step of detecting a disconnection indication of communication in the upstream path of the communication as a pre-disconnection state, and a second step of notifying the first communication terminal of the pre-disconnection state detected in the first step. By providing, it is possible to notify that an alternative route is secured in advance before disconnection, so that it is possible to effectively take measures against failures regardless of the communication mode such as real-time communication that requires immediacy.

  Further, according to the present invention, a route to itself is created by a communication terminal interposed between the destination based on a message transmitted to the destination, and communication is performed with the destination via the created route. In the communication terminal device, when the communication disconnection indication in the route upstream of the message is notified as a pre-disconnection state from the intervening communication terminal, a route other than the route corresponding to the pre-disconnection state is used as a creation condition. By creating a message sending means for generating a message and sending the message, an alternative route can be secured in advance before disconnection. It is possible to take trouble countermeasures.

  Further, according to the present invention, a route to itself is created by a communication terminal interposed between the destination based on a message transmitted to the destination, and communication is performed with the destination via the created route. In the communication method of the communication terminal device, when a communication disconnection indication in the route upstream of the message is notified as a pre-disconnection state from the intervening communication terminal, a route other than the route corresponding to the pre-disconnection state is created. By providing a first step for generating a conditional message and a second step for transmitting the message generated in the first step, an alternative route can be secured in advance before disconnection. Therefore, it is possible to effectively take measures against failures regardless of communication forms such as real-time communication that require immediacy.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, there is provided a program for a communication terminal device that creates a route to a transmission source based on a message that is interposed between the transmission source and the transmission destination and is transmitted from the transmission source to the transmission destination. , A first step of detecting a disconnection indication of communication in a path upstream of a message as a pre-disconnection state, and a second step of notifying a transmission source of the pre-disconnection state detected in the first step By executing the processing, it is possible to notify to reserve an alternative route in advance before disconnection, so it is possible to effectively take measures against failures regardless of the communication mode such as real-time communication that requires immediacy. it can.

  Further, according to the present invention, a route to itself is created by a communication terminal interposed between the destination based on a message transmitted to the destination, and communication is performed with the destination via the created route. When a communication disconnection indication is notified as a pre-disconnection state from the intervening communication terminal as a pre-disconnection state of the communication terminal device program, a route other than the route corresponding to the pre-disconnection state is selected. By executing a process having a first step of generating a message as a creation condition and a second step of transmitting the message generated in the first step, a replacement is performed in advance before disconnection. Since the route can be secured, it is possible to effectively take measures against failures regardless of the communication mode such as real-time communication that requires immediacy.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(1) Configuration of Ad Hoc Network System 10 In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes an ad hoc network system according to the present embodiment, which is described above with reference to FIG. 11 except that an alternative route is discovered and established before the route is disconnected. The configuration is almost the same as that of the ad hoc network system 1.

  In this case, in the ad hoc network system 10, a plurality of nodes existing between the node S that is the transmission source of AV (Audio Video) and the like and the node D that is the transmission destination by the route discovery process described above with reference to FIG. Among these communication paths, for example, a communication path (indicated by a bold line in the figure) that sequentially passes through nodes A and C is established. The node S is configured to transfer the transmission data as data packets to the node D sequentially via the communication path.

In this state, the nodes A to C and E intervening on the communication path are paths between the other upstream nodes S and A to E (for example, in the case of the node A, the nodes B and The disconnection sign of communication in the route to ( S ) is detected as a pre-disconnection state.

Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the node A detects the pre-cut state of disconnection in the path with the upstream node C , a control message (hereinafter referred to as link state notification) for notifying the pre-cut state of disconnection is detected. LM) and unicast this to node S.

  In this case, the node S determines whether to change from the current communication path to the alternative path based on the link state notification message LM unicast from the node A.

  When the node S decides to change to an alternative route, the control message for controlling to set a route in a better state than the pre-cut state (hereinafter referred to as an extended route request message). ) Is generated. This extended route request message is configured by extending the above-described route request message (FIG. 12) with a field indicating the pre-disconnection state.

  Then, the node S starts the route discovery process by broadcasting this extended route request message. In this case, each of the nodes A to C and E that have received the extended route request message inserts the extended route before inserting the route entry of the backward route into the route table (FIG. 13) (entry insertion processing). It is determined whether or not the communication state of the route with the node that has broadcast the request message is better than the pre-disconnection state.

  Then, each of the nodes A to C and E discards the extended route request message if the determination result is not good, and if the determination result is good, the same entry as in the conventional case is discarded. Insertion processing is performed to insert the route entry into the route table (FIG. 13), and broadcast is performed when the extended route request message is not addressed to itself.

  Accordingly, in each of the nodes A to C and E, only a route in a better state than the pre-cut state is set as a reverse route.

  Eventually, when the extended route request message is transmitted to the node D, the node D generates the same route response message as described above with reference to FIG. 11C as a response to the extended route request message. This route response message is sequentially unicast to the node S via the node E and the node B, for example, by the same processing as described above with reference to FIG.

  When the node S receives this route response message, the node S changes the data packet transferred to the node A at this time to the node B. As a result, the data packet transfer route is changed from the communication route (S-A-C-D) to the alternative route (S-B-E-D) before the route (A-C) in the pre-disconnection state is disconnected. ).

  In this way, in the ad hoc network system 10, before the path between the node A and the node C interposed on the communication path is cut off, it can be switched to the alternative path.

  Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a part of the plurality of communication paths between the node S and the node D (CE) on the communication path sequentially passing through the node C and the node E is touched before disconnection. In this case, since the route discovery process is performed again from the node S, an alternative route (S-) having a large number of hops is detoured from the disconnection source node (node A) as in the conventional local repair. An alternative route (S-A-B-D) having the shortest number of hops can be established without switching to (C-F-G-D).

  FIG. 4 shows a hardware configuration of the communication function block 11 installed in each of the nodes A to E and S.

  As is apparent from FIG. 4, the communication function block 11 of each of the nodes A to E and S includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 12, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 13 storing various programs, and a work memory of the CPU 12. A RAM (Random Access Memory) 14, a communication processing unit 15 that performs wireless communication with other nodes A to E, and S and a timer 16 are connected to each other via a bus 17.

  The CPU 12 executes various processes as described above and below based on a program stored in the ROM 13, and transmits various control messages such as a link status notification message or an extended route request message and a data packet when necessary. 15 to the other nodes A to E and S.

  The CPU 12 also creates a route table (FIG. 13) based on route request messages and extended route request messages from other nodes A to E and S received via the communication processing unit 15 and stores them in the RAM 14. On the other hand, the lifetime of the route entry to each of the nodes A to E and S registered in the route table is managed based on the count value of the timer 16.

(2) Specific processing contents of each node

Here, various specific processing contents in each node will be described below.
(2-1) Node A State Notification Process First, the node A state notification process for notifying the node S of the pre-disconnection state on the route (AC (FIG. 2)) between the node A and the node C will be described. To do.

  That is, the CPU 12 of the node A first detects the pre-cut state in the route with the node C, and the antenna ANT (FIG. 4) connected to the communication processing unit 15 (FIG. 4) as the pre-cut state. Is detected to be equal to or lower than a first threshold (hereinafter referred to as an intensity threshold).

  This strength threshold is set in advance in consideration of the relationship between the limit for communication of data packets and the time required for switching from the communication path to the alternative path. Specifically, the best radio field strength value is set to 100 [ In the case of V / m], for example, it is set to 23 [V / m].

  Specifically, the CPU 12 measures the radio wave intensity of the antenna ANT at a predetermined cycle. For example, every time a data packet is transferred to the node C, the measurement result (the radio wave intensity value) at the time of receiving the data packet. ) And the intensity threshold. Then, when the radio wave intensity value is equal to or less than the intensity threshold, the CPU 12 detects the radio wave intensity value as a pre-cutting touch state.

  In addition to this configuration, the CPU 12 sets the second threshold (hereinafter referred to as “packet error rate”) to the number of data packet retransmission requests (hereinafter referred to as “packet error rate”) relative to the number of data packet transfers in the state before disconnection. A state that is equal to or higher than an error threshold is detected.

  Like the strength threshold, this error threshold is set in advance in consideration of the relationship between the limit at which data packets can be communicated and the time required for switching from the communication path to the alternative path. For example, the error threshold is set to 15 [%]. The

  Specifically, the CPU 12 counts the number of data packets transferred to the node B and the number of times the node B requested to retransmit the data packet, and measures the packet error rate based on this count number. Has been made.

  Then, for example, every time a data packet is transferred to the node C, the CPU 12 compares the packet error rate at the time of reception with the error threshold, and if the packet error rate is equal to or higher than the error threshold, this packet error The rate is detected as a pre-cut state.

  As described above, when the CPU 12 detects one or both of the radio wave intensity value that is equal to or lower than the intensity threshold and the packet error rate that is equal to or higher than the error threshold as the pre-cutting state, FIG. The link state notification message LM shown is generated.

  The link status notification message LM includes fields of “Message ID”, “Originator Address”, “Source Address”, “Destination Address”, “Link Quality”, “Packet Error Rate”, “Route Status”, and “Comment”. Consists of

The “Message ID” field has a unique message ID assigned to the message LM, the “Link Quality” field has a radio field strength value that is less than the strength threshold , and the “Packet Error Rate” field has a packet that is greater than the error threshold. The error rate, the presence / absence of route use indicating whether or not the communication route is used in the “Route Status” field, and a predetermined extension item are stored in the “Comment” field, respectively.

By the way, the radio wave intensity Nemata equal to or less than the intensity threshold value when only one of the packet error rate equal to or greater than the error threshold is detected, the "Link Quality" field or "Route Status" field of the other that was not the detected “0” is set.

  Then, the CPU 12 unicasts such a link state notification message LM to the node S. As a result, the node S is notified of which node is likely to be disconnected and so on via the link state notification message LM.

  In this embodiment, the CPU 12 is configured to limit the number of times the link state notification message LM is transmitted per unit time (hereinafter referred to as a message notification period) based on the timer 16.

  As a result, the state notification unit 21 avoids a situation in which the transfer of the data packet is hindered due to an increase in the occupation rate of the link state notification message LM as the communication state in the path between the node S and the node A. It is made to be able to.

  In this way, the CPU 12 can notify the node S of the pre-disconnection state (the radio wave intensity value that is below the intensity threshold or the packet error rate that is above the error threshold) by executing the state notification process. Yes.

  Here, the above-described state notification processing in the CPU 12 is performed according to the state notification processing procedure RT1 shown in FIG.

That CPU12 receives a data packet transferred from node S, to transfer the state notification process procedure RT1 starts at step SP0, continues at step SP1 to a node C in the upstream side of the communication path.

  In step SP2, the CPU 12 determines whether or not the radio field intensity value of the antenna ANT is less than or equal to the intensity threshold value. In subsequent step SP3, the CPU 12 determines whether or not the packet error rate is greater than or equal to the error threshold value.

  Here, if a negative result is obtained in either step SP2 or step SP3, this means that the communication state is not a pre-disconnection state but a good communication state. At this time, the CPU 12 moves to step SP10 and notifies this state. The processing procedure RT1 is terminated.

  On the other hand, if a positive result is obtained in either one of step SP2 and step SP3, this means that the pre-disconnection state is reached. At this time, the CPU 12 is in a message notification period in the next step SP4. If a negative result is obtained, a timer for the message notification period is set in step SP5.

  Thereafter, the CPU 12 increments the message ID (Message ID (FIG. 5)) by “1” in step SP6, and in the subsequent step SP7, the “Link Quality corresponding to the radio wave intensity value below the intensity threshold or the packet error rate above the error threshold. ”Field and“ Route Status ”field (FIG. 5), and in the subsequent step SP8, contents corresponding to the remaining fields are stored based on the route table (FIG. 13) etc. (FIG. 5) is generated and unicasted to the node S in step SP9, and then the process proceeds to the next step SP10 to end the state notification processing procedure RT1.

  On the other hand, when a positive result is obtained in step SP4, the CPU 12 determines whether or not the number of transmissions determined in advance in step SP11 has been exceeded. Here, only when a negative result is obtained, the CPU 12 performs each of the above-described steps SP6 to SP9 and unicasts the link state notification message LM to the node S, and then proceeds to the next step SP10 to enter this state. The notification processing procedure RT1 is terminated.

  In this way, the CPU 12 can execute the status notification process according to the status notification processing procedure RT1.

  Although the state notification process and its procedure RT1 in the node A have been described above, the other nodes B, C, and E are also configured to execute the state notification process in accordance with the state notification process procedure RT1 as in the case of the node A. . However, in this embodiment, in the nodes B, C, and E, the upstream paths are not in the pre-cut state, so the loop processing of the above-described steps SP0-SP1-SP2-SP3-SP10 is performed. .

(2-2) Path reset request processing of the node S Next, based on the link state notification message LM, better than the pre-disconnection state (the radio wave intensity value that is below the intensity threshold or the packet error rate that is above the error threshold) A route reset request process of the node S that controls to set a communication route in a simple link state will be described.

  That is, when the CPU 12 of the node S receives the unicast link state notification message LM from the node A, it determines the presence / absence of the route reset request and the route request condition based on the link state table as shown in FIG.

  This link state table represents the pre-disconnection state of the route on the upstream side of the node for each node that has transmitted the link state notification message LM, and includes “Destination Address”, “Originator Address”, “Message It consists of “ID”, “Count”, “Link Quality”, “Packet Error Rate”, “Route Status”, and other fields.

  In the “Count” field, the number of times the link state notification message LM is received is set. When the unit time elapses from when “1” is set as the initial value, the initial value is set to “1” again. Is set to be set. Therefore, the “Count” field stores the number of times the link state notification message LM is received per unit time (hereinafter referred to as the number of unit time receptions). Incidentally, the number of reception times per unit time is set to an appropriate value in consideration that the number of transmissions of the link state notification message LM transmitted in the message notification period is limited in the node A (nodes B to D).

  In practice, the CPU 12 determines whether or not the link state notification message LM is addressed to itself based on the “Destination Address” field (FIG. 5) included in the link state notification message LM received from the node A. If it is not addressed, it is determined whether or not the address of the transmission source (node A) of the message stored in the “Originator Address” field exists in the link state table.

  If the address of the node A does not exist, the CPU 12 sends the source address (Originator Address) of the received link state notification message LM (FIG. 5) and the unique ID (Message ID) assigned to the message LM. ), Radio wave intensity value (Link Quality), packet error rate (Packet Error Rate), presence / absence of route used (Route Status), etc. are added as new records to the corresponding fields of the link status table.

  At this time, the CPU 12 sets an initial value “1” in the “Count” field added as a new record, sets the timer 16 from the time of the setting, and sets the link state notification message LM transmitted from the node A. Measure the number of receptions per unit time.

  On the other hand, when the address of the node A already exists (that is, exists as a record), the CPU 12 stores each field of “Link Quality” and “Packet Error Rate” corresponding to the address of the node A in the link state table. In addition to updating the values set in the “Link Quality” and “Packet Error Rate” fields of the link status notification message LM (FIG. 5) and the statistical values averaged. , Increase the corresponding “Count” field by “1”.

  Here, the CPU 12 indicates a communication route in which the incremented number of unit time receptions in the “Count” field exceeds a predetermined number and the “Route Status” field corresponding to the “Count” field is used. If yes, it is determined that a route reset request needs to be made.

  At this time, the CPU 12 determines the value (radio wave intensity value or packet error rate) set in each field of “Link Quality” and “Packet Error Rate” of the link state table as a route request condition.

  Thereafter, the CPU 12 generates an extended route request message shown in FIG. 8 based on the route request condition and the route table (FIG. 13).

  This extended route request message includes a field strength value (Required Link Quality) and a packet error rate (Required Packet Error) required for a node as a condition for setting a reverse route in each field (FIG. 12) of the route request message. (Rate) fields are added, and in each of the “Required Link Quality” and “Required Packet Error Rate” fields, corresponding route request conditions (radio wave intensity value, packet error rate) are set.

  Then, the CPU 12 broadcasts such an extended route request message. As a result, via such an extended route request message, a path in a state in which the radio wave intensity value is larger than the radio wave intensity value of this message and the packet error rate is smaller than the packet error rate of this message is the reverse path in each node. As a result, an alternative route is set.

  In this way, the CPU 12 measures the number of times of notification of the link state notification message LM per unit time, and broadcasts the extended route request message only when the measurement result exceeds a predetermined number of times, so that the pre-disconnection state is immediately restored. In such a case, it is possible to avoid switching to an alternative route.

  At this time, the CPU 12 broadcasts an extended route request message for setting a route that is in a better state than the statistical result (average value) of the pre-cut state (radio wave state, packet error rate) for the number of notifications. By doing so, it is possible to avoid setting up an alternative route that is more than the pre-cut state in an extreme radio wave state and packet error rate, and to set up an alternative route that is as good as possible. Yes.

  In this way, the CPU 12 executes the route reset request process, whereby a communication route that is in a better link state than the pre-disconnection state (the radio wave intensity value that is equal to or lower than the intensity threshold value or the packet error rate that is equal to or higher than the error threshold value) Has been made so that it can be controlled to set.

  Here, the route reset request processing in the CPU 12 described above is performed according to the route reset request processing procedure RT2 shown in FIG.

  That is, when the CPU 12 recognizes that the communication route has been established through, for example, the route discovery process, the route reset request processing procedure RT2 is started from step SP10, and the link unicast from the node (node A) in the subsequent step SP11. It is determined whether or not the status notification message LM has been received.

  When the CPU 12 receives the link state notification message LM, the CPU 12 adds a new record to the link state table (FIG. 7) based on the link state notification message LM received at step SP11 or The radio wave intensity value (Link Quality), packet error rate (Packet Error Rate), and unit time reception count (Count) of the already added record are updated.

  Subsequently, the CPU 12 determines whether or not the unit time reception count (Count) updated (or added) in step SP12 in this step SP13 is a predetermined number or more, and in step SP14, the link state notification received in step SP11. It is determined whether or not the route passing through the node (node A) that issued the message LM is a used route (Route Status).

  Here, if a negative result is obtained in either one of steps SP13 and SP14, this means that there is a possibility that the path of the node on the communication path may return to a good state, or the path of the node that is likely to be disconnected. This means that it is not necessary to switch the communication path to the alternative path, and at this time, the CPU 12 returns to step SP11 and repeats the above-described processing.

  On the other hand, if an affirmative result is obtained in either step SP13 or step SP14, this means that the node path on the communication path is unlikely to return to a good state, so the communication path is switched to the alternative path immediately. This means that it is necessary. At this time, the CPU 12 proceeds to the next step SP15.

  Then, the CPU 12 generates an extended route request message (FIG. 8) based on the link state table (FIG. 7) in this step SP15, broadcasts it in the subsequent step SP16, and then moves to the next step SP17 to transfer this route. The reset request processing procedure RT2 is terminated.

  In this way, the CPU 12 can execute the route reset request processing according to the route reset request processing procedure RT2.

(2-3) Route Reconfiguration Processing of Nodes A to C and E Next, based on the extended route request message, a state before the disconnection (a radio wave intensity value that is below the intensity threshold or a packet error rate that is above the error threshold) ), The route resetting process of the nodes A to C and E for setting a better link state will be described.

  That is, the CPUs 12 of the nodes A to C and E are configured to measure the radio wave intensity value and the packet error rate as described above with respect to the above-described state notification process, and when receiving the extended route request message, Results of measurement of the radio field strength value and packet error rate, and the route requirement conditions included in the extended route request message (the field strength value set in each field of “Required Link Quality” and “Required Packet Error Rate” Packet error rate).

  Here, if either one of the measurement results of the radio field intensity value and the packet error rate does not satisfy the route request condition, the upstream route in the node that broadcasts the extended route request message is a route that is in a state before the disconnection ( It is in a state worse than AC (FIG. 2)). Therefore, in this case, the CPU 12 discards the extended route request message.

  On the other hand, when both the radio field intensity value and the packet error rate measurement result satisfy the route request condition, the upstream route in the node that broadcasts the extended route request message is the route (A -C (FIG. 2)).

  Therefore, in this case, the CPU 12 performs entry insertion processing similar to the conventional case to insert the route entry into the route table, and rebroadcasts when the extended route request message is not addressed to itself.

  In this way, the CPU 12 can set a better link state than the pre-disconnection state (the radio wave intensity value that is below the intensity threshold or the packet error rate that is above the error threshold) by executing the route resetting process. It has been made possible.

  Here, the route re-search process in the CPU 12 described above is performed according to a route re-search process procedure RT3 shown in FIG.

  In other words, when receiving the extended route request message, the CPU 12 starts this route re-search processing procedure RT3 from step SP20, and in the subsequent step SP21, in order to prevent double reception, the extended route request message (RREQ ID (FIG. 12 )) Is determined in the past, and in subsequent step SP22, it is determined whether there is a communication path that satisfies the path request condition.

  If an affirmative result is obtained in either step SP21 or step SP22, this means that the upstream route in the node that broadcasts the extended route request message is a route that is in the state of pre-disconnection (AC (FIG. 2)). ), The CPU 12 proceeds to the next step SP23.

  In step SP23, the CPU 12 performs entry insertion processing to insert a route entry based on the extended route request message into the route table. In subsequent step SP24, the “Destination Address” field in the extended route request message indicates its own address. It is determined whether or not.

  If the CPU 12 obtains a positive result, it unicasts a route response message to the node corresponding to the route entry inserted in the route table in step SP25, and if it obtains a negative result, After broadcasting the extended route request message in step SP26, the process proceeds to the next step SP27 and the route re-search processing procedure RT3 is terminated.

  On the other hand, if a negative result is obtained in either step SP21 or step SP22, this means that the upstream route in the node that broadcasts the extended route request message is a route (A-C (FIG. 2)). At this time, the CPU 12 discards the extended route request message in step SP28, and then proceeds to the next step SP27 to end this route re-search processing procedure RT3.

  In this way, the CPU 12 can execute the route re-search process in accordance with the route re-search process procedure RT3.

(3) Operation and effect of the present embodiment In the above configuration, the ad hoc network system 10 is configured such that the route between the source node S and the destination node D (AB, AC,...). .., CD (FIG. 1)) is detected in the pre-cutting state, and a message is generated using a route other than the route (AC (FIG. 2)) corresponding to the pre-cutting state as a creation condition.

  Therefore, in this ad hoc network system 10, an alternative route (S-B-E-D (FIG. 2)) is secured before the route (A-C (FIG. 2)) in the pre-disconnection state is disconnected. Since the transfer state of the data packet between the node S and the node D can always be ensured, even if it is a communication form such as real-time communication that requires immediacy, effective countermeasures against failures It can be performed.

  In this case, the ad hoc network system 10 detects the pre-disconnection state based on two different communication indexes of the radio wave intensity and the packet error rate.

  Therefore, in this ad hoc network system 10, the cause of the pre-disconnection state can be detected from two aspects. For example, the route is disconnected due to the transfer of a data packet that has a good radio wave condition but is more than the transfer capacity of the data packet. Even in such a case, since it is possible to reliably detect the pre-cutting state, it is possible to more effectively take measures against the failure.

  Further, in this case, the ad hoc network system 10 generates a link state notification message LM (FIG. 5) using a route that is in a better state than the detected state before disconnection as a creation condition, and transmits the message LM (FIG. 5). To do.

  Therefore, in this ad hoc network system 10, since it is possible to secure an alternative route that is difficult to be disconnected, it is possible to avoid the processing load and time required to create an alternative route many times, and thus more effective countermeasures for failure are taken. be able to.

  According to the above configuration, a disconnection pre-touch state in a route between the source node S and the destination node D is detected, and a message using a route other than the route corresponding to the pre-cut state as a creation condition By transmitting, it is possible to effectively take measures against a failure even in the case of a communication form such as real-time communication that requires immediacy, and thus a reliable communication system can be realized.

(4) Other Embodiments In the above-described embodiments, the present invention is applied to the ad hoc network system 10 of the AODV protocol that is widely used as an ad hoc routing protocol and the nodes A to E and S that constitute the same. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and includes a plurality of communication terminals, which are transmitted from the first communication terminal and transmitted to the third communication terminal via the second communication terminal. The second and third communication terminals create a route to the first communication terminal based on the received message, and various kinds of communication are performed between the first and third communication terminals via the created route. It can apply widely to the communication terminal device which comprises the communication system of the form, and the said communication system.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, as a state notification unit (CPU 12) that detects a disconnection indication of communication in a path on the upstream side of data as a pre-disconnection state and notifies the transmission source of the pre-disconnection state, it is below an intensity threshold value. When one or both of the radio field intensity value and the packet error rate that is equal to or higher than the error threshold is detected, and notification is made via the link status notification message LM shown in FIG. 5 based on the detection result However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be detected by various other detection methods and notified in various other formats. In this case, it may be used as a part of the routing protocol, or may be used in combination with an upper layer message.

  In this case, the pre-disconnection state is detected based on two types of communication indicators, ie, the radio wave intensity and the packet error rate. Instead of this, for example, the use frequency of a route, the presence / absence of a use route, and the like are used as communication indicators. Or, these may be added to the radio wave intensity and the packet error rate, and the combination of various communication indexes may be changed as appropriate according to the communication state. In this way, it is possible to detect the pre-cutting state more accurately.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, as a message transmission means (CPU 12) that generates a message using a route other than the route corresponding to the pre-disconnection state notified from the second communication terminal as a creation condition, and transmits the message Although a case has been described in which a message is generated that uses a route in a better state than the pre-cutting state as a creation condition, the present invention is not limited to this, and the main point is notified from the second communication terminal. A message using a route other than the route corresponding to the pre-cut state as a creation condition may be generated and the message may be transmitted. In this case, as the creation condition, various conditions can be determined in accordance with the communication index described above.

  In this case, when generating a message that uses a route that is in a better state than the pre-cut state as a creation condition, the number of notifications of the pre-cut state is measured per unit time, and the measurement result exceeds the predetermined number of times. At this time, the extended route request message shown in FIG. 8 is generated. However, the extended route request message may be measured by various other measurement methods, and the format of the extended route request message may be any other format. There may be. Further, the extended route request message may be used as a part of the routing protocol, or may be used in combination with an upper layer message.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the number of transmissions of the link state notification message LM in the preset message notification period is limited has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, the number of data packet transfers In short, the number of times of notifying the first communication terminal of the pre-disconnection state may be limited at a predetermined rate, such as limiting the transmission of the link state notification message LM once as a unit.

  The present invention relates to a communication system in which a plurality of communication terminals are connected wirelessly, particularly according to a message transmitted from the first communication terminal and transferred to the third communication terminal via the second communication terminal. The second communication terminal can be used in a communication system that creates a route to the first communication terminal of the message.

It is a basic diagram which shows the structure of the ad hoc network system by this Embodiment. It is a basic diagram with which it uses for description of transmission of a link state notification message. It is a basic diagram which shows a communication path | route and an alternative path | route. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the communication function block in each node. It is a basic diagram which shows the structure of a link state notification message. It is a flowchart which shows a status notification process sequence. It is a basic diagram which shows a link state table. It is a basic diagram which shows the structure of an extended type | mold route request message. It is a flowchart which shows a route reset request | requirement processing procedure. It is a flowchart which shows a route reset process procedure. It is a basic diagram which shows the mode of the route creation in an ad hoc network. It is a basic diagram which shows the structure of a route request message. It is a basic diagram which shows a route table. It is a basic diagram which shows the structure of a path | route response message. It is an approximate line figure showing a communication course established by local repair.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Ad hoc network system, AD, E ... Node, 11 ... Communication functional block, 12 ... CPU, 13 ... ROM, 14 ... RAM, 15 ... Communication processing part, 16 ... Timer, LM: Link status notification message, ANT: Antenna, RT1: State notification processing procedure, RT2: Route reset request processing procedure, RT3: Route reset processing procedure.

Claims (11)

Based on a message transmitted from the first communication terminal to the third communication terminal via the second communication terminal, the second and third communication terminals create a route to the first communication terminal. And a communication system for communicating between the first and third communication terminals via the created route,
The second communication device is
Measuring means for measuring an index value indicating the communication state upstream of the message;
When the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection sign, the number of times that the value should be notified is limited by a predetermined ratio, and state notification means for unicasting to the first communication terminal and notifying ,
The first communication terminal is
When the number of notifications of the value indicating the disconnection indication per unit time unicast from the second communication terminal exceeds a predetermined number, the communication state is more than the numerical value obtained as a statistical result of the value for the number of notifications. A communication system comprising message sending means for broadcasting a message for creating a good route. The measuring means is
The communication system according to claim 1, wherein at least two or more different index values are measured. Creates a route from the transmission source communication terminal to the transmission destination communication terminal based on a message that is interposed between the transmission source communication terminal and the transmission destination communication terminal and is transmitted from the transmission source communication terminal to the transmission destination communication terminal. A communication terminal device,
Measuring means for measuring an index value indicating the communication state upstream of the message;
When the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection sign, the number of times that the value should be notified is limited by a predetermined ratio, and a state notification unit that unicasts and notifies the first communication terminal A communication terminal device. An index value indicating a communication state with the upstream wireless terminal that has received the message including the index value attached by the transmission source communication terminal and has transmitted the route request message is attached by the transmission source communication terminal. 4. The communication according to claim 3 , further comprising: an upstream path holding unit that holds information regarding a path to a radio terminal on the upstream side when the communication state is better than an index value of Terminal device. The measuring means is
The communication terminal apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein at least two different index values are measured. Intervening between the transmission source communication terminal and the transmission destination communication terminal, and from the transmission source communication terminal to the transmission source communication terminal based on a message transmitted to the transmission destination communication terminal A communication method of a communication terminal device for creating a route,
A first step of measuring an index value indicating a communication state upstream of the message;
When the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection sign, the second step of limiting the number of times to notify the value by a predetermined ratio and unicasting to the first communication terminal is provided. A communication method characterized by the above. In the first step,
The communication method according to claim 6 , wherein at least two different index values are measured. Based on the message sent from the device itself to the destination communication terminal, a route to the device is created by the communication terminal interposed between the subject device and the destination communication terminal, and the destination address is transmitted via the created route. A communication terminal device that communicates with a communication terminal,
If the number of notifications per unit time of a value indicating a disconnection unicast value by limiting the number of notifications from the intervening communication terminal by a predetermined ratio exceeds a predetermined number, statistics on the value for the number of notifications A communication terminal device comprising: message sending means for broadcasting a message for creating a route whose communication state is better than a numerical value obtained as a result. Based on the message sent from the device itself to the destination communication terminal, a route to the device is created by the communication terminal interposed between the subject device and the destination communication terminal, and the destination address is transmitted via the created route. A communication method of a communication terminal device that communicates with a communication terminal,
A first step of receiving a value indicating a disconnect indication that is unicast by limiting the number of times to be notified from the intervening communication terminal by a predetermined ratio ;
When the number of notifications per unit time of the value indicating the disconnection indication exceeds a predetermined number, broadcast a message that should create a route whose communication state is better than the numerical value obtained as a statistical result of the value for the number of notifications A communication method comprising: a second step of: Creates a route from the transmission source communication terminal to the transmission destination communication terminal based on a message that is interposed between the transmission source communication terminal and the transmission destination communication terminal and is transmitted from the transmission source communication terminal to the transmission destination communication terminal. For communication terminal devices that
Measuring an index value indicating a communication state upstream of the message;
When the index value is detected as a value indicating a disconnection sign, a program for executing a notification by unicasting to the first communication terminal by limiting the number of times to notify the value by a predetermined ratio . Based on the message sent from the device itself to the destination communication terminal, a route to the device is created by the communication terminal interposed between the subject device and the destination communication terminal, and the destination address is transmitted via the created route. For communication terminal devices that communicate with communication terminals,
Receiving a value indicating a disconnect indication that is unicast by limiting the number of times to be notified from the intervening communication terminal at a predetermined rate ;
When the number of notifications per unit time of the value indicating the disconnection indication exceeds a predetermined number, broadcast a message that should create a route whose communication state is better than the numerical value obtained as a statistical result of the value for the number of notifications A program that lets you do what you do.

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