JP4582182B2 - Electric power steering device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an electric power steering apparatus including an electric motor that outputs an auxiliary torque to a steering wheel of a vehicle and a control device that controls driving of the electric motor. In particular, the electric motor, the control device, and a speed reduction mechanism are provided. Is related to the integration of.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known an electric power steering apparatus that includes an electric motor that outputs an auxiliary torque to a steering wheel of a vehicle and a control device that drives and controls the electric motor, and the control device is attached to the electric motor portion. Yes. The control device for the electric power steering device includes a power board on which a plurality of semiconductor switching elements for switching the current of the electric motor, a component for supporting a large current such as a capacitor for absorbing current ripple, and a semiconductor Control board on which small current components such as a microcomputer that generates drive signals to control the drive of switching elements are mounted, conductive wiring board and motor terminals that make up the wiring pattern are insert molded into insulating resin Housing. These have a triple layer structure in which a power board, a housing, and a control board are stacked in this order.

JP 2005-121722 A JP 2002-345211 A

In the electric power steering device disclosed in Patent Document 1, a control device including a power board, a control board, a housing, a case, and the like stacked on a heat sink placed in parallel with the output shaft direction of the electric motor is arranged, and the electric motor is screwed. The control device is fixed. Thereafter, the winding terminal of the electric motor and the motor terminal of the control device are fixed with screws and are electrically connected. The power board and the housing were screwed to the heat sink, and the control board was fixed to the housing.

In the electric power steering device disclosed in Patent Document 2, a control device including a power board, a control board, a circuit case, and the like is disposed at the shaft end of the electric motor opposite to the speed reduction mechanism, perpendicular to the output shaft direction of the electric motor. Yes. In addition, a metal (aluminum) substrate is used as the power substrate and is in close contact with the heat sink. Furthermore, the connection with the electric motor is such that the terminal extending from the motor passes through the heat sink, connects to the motor terminal soldered to the power board, the power board is screwed to the circuit case, and the circuit case is attached to the motor It was screwed to the heat sink part.

Since the control device of the electric power steering apparatus has a triple layer structure of a power board, a housing (circuit case) and a control board, the height of the control apparatus is increased, and the power board, housing and control board are also increased. Connecting members for electrically connecting the two are required, and the number of connection points increases. In addition, since a large number of screws are used to attach each substrate, there is a problem that the time and equipment for assembling the apparatus are required and the cost is increased. In addition, in terms of heat dissipation, there is room for improvement in heat dissipation since an attempt is made to improve heat dissipation of the power board by using a part of the electric motor, and the electric motor itself is also a heating element.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to reduce the size of the apparatus while omitting mounting screws as much as possible and particularly improving the heat dissipation of the power board. An object is to provide a power steering apparatus.

The present invention relates to an electric power steering apparatus including an electric motor that outputs an auxiliary torque to a steering wheel of a vehicle, a reduction mechanism that decelerates the rotation of the electric motor, and a control device that controls driving of the electric motor. The cover is disposed on the output shaft side of the electric motor and has a connection terminal through which a current is supplied to the electric motor around the output shaft, and the control device is disposed between the electric motor output shaft and the speed reduction mechanism. A plurality of semiconductor switching elements that mainly control the current of the electric motor, a power board on which a capacitor that absorbs the ripple of the electric motor current is mounted, and a semiconductor switching element mainly based on the steering torque of the steering wheel Equipped with a microcomputer that generates a drive signal to drive the control board, the control board to which the connection terminal is connected, and both boards are connected An electric plate, an elastic body between the two substrates, and a holding member that supports the elastic body, and the speed reduction mechanism includes a heat sink that contacts the power substrate, along the output shaft of the electric motor, When the heat sink of the speed reduction mechanism is mounted, the elastic body has a structure in which the power substrate is in close contact with the heat sink.

According to the electric power steering device of the present invention, when the power board is integrated with the gear case by supporting the power board with the elastic body, the power board is pressed against the heat sink to ensure the adhesion between the power board and the heat sink, and the heat dissipation is improved. . In addition, the power board and the control board can omit screws and improve the assembly. Furthermore, since the entire apparatus can be divided into an electric part and a machine part, convenience in terms of the machining process and inspection is improved.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or equivalent members and parts will be described with the same reference numerals.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 is a sectional view showing an electric power steering apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a part of the electric power steering apparatus of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a control apparatus of FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of FIG. 3 assembled to an electric motor, and FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the entire electric power steering apparatus.
In FIG. 1, in this electric power steering apparatus, a three-phase brushless motor is used as the electric motor 1. The electric motor 1 includes an output shaft 2, a rotor 4 on which a permanent magnet 3 having an 8-pole magnetic pole is fixed to the output shaft 2, a stator 5 provided around the rotor 4, and an output. A rotational position sensor 6 is provided on the output side of the shaft 2 and detects the rotational position of the rotor 4.

The stator 5 includes twelve salient poles 7 opposed to the outer periphery of the permanent magnet 3, an insulator 8 attached to the salient pole 7, and wound around the insulator 8, and U, V, and W 3 And an armature winding 9 connected to the phase. The three end portions of the armature winding 9 are respectively connected to connection terminals 10 that are three connection members extending in the output-side axial direction of the output shaft 2. The rotational position sensor 6 is a resolver, and has a resolver rotor coil and a resolver stator coil, and a total of six terminals 6a of both coils extend.

The control device 20 is disposed between the reduction gear 12, which is a reduction mechanism disposed coaxially with the electric motor, and the electric motor 1. The reduction gear 12 has a worm gear 14 provided in the gear case 13 for reducing the rotation of the output shaft 2 of the electric motor 1, and a worm wheel 15 meshed with the worm gear 14. A spline is formed at the end of the worm gear 14. A coupling 16 having a spline formed inside is press-fitted into the end of the output shaft 2. The coupling 16 and the end of the worm gear 14 are spline-coupled, and torque is transmitted from the electric motor 1 to the reduction gear 12.

The control device 20 is configured by arranging a cover 11, a control board 20 a, a power board 20 b, and a heat sink 21 along the electric motor output shaft 2 in order from the electric motor 1 side. The cover 11 has a box shape with an opening on the control board 20a side, and has a hole through which the electric motor output shaft 2 passes through the box-shaped lid portion, and the electric motor connection terminal 10 ( 3 places) and the coil terminal 6a (6 places) for the rotation sensor 6 also penetrates. Further, the bearing portion 11a of the electric motor output shaft 2 protrudes from the center of the hole.

The control device 20 includes a control board 20a on which a microcomputer or the like is mounted and a metal board 20b as a power board, and a plurality of flexible conductive plates 24a, 24b, 24c (on the metal board). FIG. 3) shows an electrical connection to the control board 20a made of an insulating printed board disposed at a position facing the metal board. In addition to a microcomputer (not shown), peripheral circuit elements and a connector 25 are also mounted on the control board 20a. The connector 25 includes a power connector 25a for connection to a vehicle battery and a signal connector 25b for transmitting and receiving various signals of the vehicle. A large number of terminals 25c and 25d are inserted into the control board 20a from the respective connectors. Has been. The microcomputer calculates a supplementary torque based on a steering torque signal from a current detection circuit (not shown) for detecting a motor current flowing through the electric motor 1 and a torque sensor (not shown), and the motor current. The rotational position of the rotor detected by the rotational position sensor is fed back to calculate a current corresponding to the auxiliary torque. The microcomputer outputs a drive signal for controlling the semiconductor switching element 26 of the bridge circuit.

On the other hand, a capacitor 27 that absorbs current ripple, the semiconductor switching element 26, and the like are mounted on the power board 20b, and the heat radiation of the semiconductor switching element 26 is transmitted to a metal board that serves as a heat sink.
Further, holes 20c and 20d through which the electric motor output shaft 2 can pass are formed in both the boards. Before the assembly, for example, a cylindrical elastic body 28 disposed on the control board side and a holding member 29 for assisting the positioning of the elastic body are installed on the inner peripheral side of the elastic body. The holding member 29 is made of an insulating resin, has a shape that can be attached to the through holes 20c and 20d, and extends on the circumference of the hole (29a and 29b in FIG. 1). The power board 20b side is the power board 20b. It is in a fixed shape so that it can be fitted (29b).

On the other hand, the control board 20a side of the cylindrical holding member 29 is in contact with the cover bearing portion 11a so that the cover 11 and the control board 20a can be positioned. Furthermore, it has the leg part 29c contact | abutted on the control board 20a around the through-hole 20c. A part of the leg portion has a shape including the electric motor connection terminal 10 and the rotation sensor coil terminal 6a. Further, for example, a coil spring 28 which is an elastic body is mounted on the outer periphery of the holding member 29. In FIG. 3, when the through holes 20c and 20d of both the boards are aligned, the state shown in FIG. 2 or 4 is obtained, and the holding member 29 is attached to the engaging portion 29b so as to cover the periphery of the through hole 20d of the power board 20b. Is done. At the same time, the end face of the coil spring 28 on the control board 20a side is in contact with the holding member 29, and the end face of the power board 20b side presses the power board. In FIG. 2, the distance between the two substrates (20a, 20b) can be changed by the coil spring 28, but the holding member 29 and the power substrate 20b are pressed by the coil spring 28 so as to extend in the left direction in the figure. .

The heat sink 21 is made of a material having good heat conductivity such as aluminum having a hole 21a through which the electric motor output shaft 2 can pass and a hole 21b through which a part of the connector 25 can pass. When the holes 21b are arranged on the concentric circles of the through holes 20c and 20d of both substrates, the substrate-side inner surface of the heat sink can come into contact with the power substrate 20b. Thereby, the heat dissipation of the semiconductor switching element mounted on the power board 20b is improved. Further, when the control device 20 is sandwiched and attached by the heat sink 21 and the cover 11 attached to the electric motor 1, for example, by screwing, the inner peripheral surface of the heat sink 21 presses the power board 20b, and the heat sink 21 and the power board 20b further It will be in close contact. On the other hand, the holding member 29 pushed by the coil spring 28 defines the positions of the substrates 20a and 20b when the extending portion 29a of the through hole 20c contacts the cover bearing portion 11a. Both substrates can be moved by the coil spring 28 due to temperature changes, vibrations, etc. when using this apparatus, and both the boards are not fixed as in the conventional apparatus, so that the stress of each substrate part can be reduced. To do. This has the effect of increasing durability and providing a long-life product.

Further, since the holding mechanism between the two substrates is achieved by the coil spring 28 and the holding member 29, the housing member for fixing the two substrates can be omitted, and the assembly parts and processes in the housing can be omitted. Furthermore, since the heat dissipation is improved by the heat sink on the speed reduction mechanism side, the distance between the two substrates can be reduced to the height of the components mounted on the substrate, and the size can be reduced.

Next, an assembly procedure for the electric power steering apparatus configured as described above will be described.
First, when assembling the electric motor 1, the permanent magnet 3 is bonded and fixed to the output shaft 2, magnetized to 8 poles by a magnetizer, and the inner ring of the bearing is press-fitted to form the rotor 4.
Next, the armature windings 9 of U, V, and W are wound around the 12 salient poles 7 of the stator 5 through the insulator 8 while moving the position by 120 degrees in electrical angle. A total of 12 windings are formed with 4 each phase. The U-phase armature windings are formed by connecting the winding start and winding ends of each U-phase winding. Similarly, the armature windings of the V layer and the W layer are formed, and the winding ends of the armature windings of the U, V, and W layers are connected to each other to be a neutral point. The winding start of the U, V and W armature windings 9 is connected to the winding terminals. Thereafter, the wound stator is press-fitted into the yoke 17.
Next, after fixing the outer ring of the bearing 19 to the cover 11, the output shaft 2 of the rotor is press-fitted into the inner ring of the bearing, and the rotor and the coupling 16 of the rotational position sensor 6 are press-fitted into the output shaft. Further, the rotational position sensor stator is fixed to the cover 11. Thereafter, a yoke (not shown) in which a stator is incorporated in the cover is inserted, and then the yoke 17 is fixed to the cover with screws (not shown).

Next, the assembly procedure of the control device will be described.
First, components such as a microcomputer and its peripheral circuit elements are placed on the control board 20a with cream solder applied to each electrode, and the control board is heated using a reflow device to melt the cream solder and solder each of the above components. To do.
Similarly, components such as a semiconductor switching element 26 and a capacitor 27 are arranged on a metal substrate (power substrate) 20b in which cream solder is applied to each electrode, and the cream solder is melted using a reflow device in the same manner as the control substrate. To do. Then, the control board 20a and the metal board 20b are electrically connected by laser welding onto the chip on which the end portions of the conductive plates 24a, 24b, and 24c of the connection member are soldered. Of course, this part can be replaced by soldering without any problem. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the conductive plates 24, 25, and 26 electrically connect the metal substrate and the control substrate and are configured by a flexible conductive plate. The elastic body 28 is sandwiched by the holding member 29 disposed in the upper hole, and after inserting the portion that is one step smaller than the outer periphery of the front end portion of the holding member 29 into the hole 20d of the metal substrate, the metal substrate 20b is caulked so that it does not come off. . The metal substrate 20b to which the holding member 29 is attached and the control substrate 20a are placed in parallel so as to face each other and have a two-layer structure.

The terminal portions (25c, 25d) of the connector 25 are configured by press-fit, and are press-fitted into the end portion of the control substrate 20a from the metal substrate 20b side. Since the connection terminal 10 extended from the U, V, and W layers of the electric motor 1 and the coil terminal 6a output from the resolver are also configured by press fit, the control board 20a side is press-fitted with the electric motor 1 side. . At this time, the holding member 29 receives pressure input. By press-fitting, the electric motor 1 and the control device are integrated as shown in FIG. Next, the heat sink 21 is assembled and fixed from the metal substrate 20b side. At this time, heat conduction grease may be applied between the heat sink 21 and the metal substrate 20b to enhance the heat dissipation effect. The periphery of the connector hole 21b of the heat sink 21 abuts the periphery of the connector 25, and the axial length between the connector 25 and the terminal portion is defined. Thereby, the stress at the time of insertion / extraction of a connector can also be received. Further, the connector terminal portions 25c and 25d do not need to be press fit, and may be ordinary soldering. A support portion 25e extending from the connector 25 to the control board 20a may be provided to define the length of the connector terminal.

The connector 25 is attached from the metal substrate 20b side, but may be attached from the cover 11 side. Even when the heat sink 21 and both substrates 20a and 20b are attached to the electric motor, or in order to receive pressure applied to the control substrate after being integrated, a protrusion 11b that can support a part of the control substrate 20a is provided inside the cover 11. Good.
The press-fit for connection on the electric motor 1 side and the connection press-fit of the connector 25 do not need to have a press-fit structure, and normal conductive metal pins may be soldered to the substrate. The control board is not fixed by screws or the like, is held with mobility, and has a structure in which stress is not easily applied to the soldered portion.

Since the respective end portions of the connection terminal output from the U, V, W layer of the electric motor and the terminal output from the resolver coil are electrically connected to the control board of the control device arranged in the vicinity, External wiring and connectors for electrically connecting the electric motor and the control device are not required, so that the cost of the device can be reduced, power loss can be reduced, and radiation noise can be suppressed.
The controller is assembled after the coupling 16 is attached to the output shaft end of the electric motor. However, the coupling 16 can be mounted after the controller is assembled. In this case, the through holes 20c and 20d The diameter can be reduced, and the area of both substrates can be effectively used. Further, although the coil spring is used for the elastic body 28, it may be constituted by a cylindrical rubber bush.
As a result, the screws can be removed when the substrates 20a and 20b and the heat sink 21 are mounted, and the assemblability is improved. In addition, the holding member 29 has a structure in which the electric motor output shaft 2 covers the through hole, and has an effect of preventing foreign matters from being mixed into the control device by the rotating member.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, when the electric motor 1, the case 11, the control board 20a, and the power board 20b are assembled, all the electrical connection portions of the present apparatus are assembled. On the other hand, when the heat sink 21 and the gear case 13 are formed of the same material, for example, aluminum, they can be integrated. In other words, the heat sink needs a structure of the connector hole 21b, but in other parts, the contact portion with the power board 20b may be simply a flat surface, the gear case 13 side has a shape that can be fitted to the gear case 13, and the center. Is a through hole of the output shaft 2. Therefore, it is easy to integrate the heat sink 21 and the gear case 13, and the heat sink portion of the gear case and the power board can be arranged concentrically with the output shaft through hole, and can be screwed, for example. Thus, the parts (electric motor 1, case 11, control board 20a, power board 20b) that require electrical connection and the mechanical parts (deceleration mechanism 12, gear case 13, heat sink 21 in FIG. 5) are separated. As a result, convenience in the machining process is improved. In addition, because parts can be disassembled with different functions, it is convenient for inspections such as failures.

The power substrate 20b is not limited to a metal substrate, and the wiring pattern is formed on a metal base having good heat conductivity such as aluminum via an insulating layer, or other heat conductive materials such as copper. It may be a metal substrate or a ceramic substrate.
The rotational position sensor uses a resolver, but is not limited to a resolver, and other magnetic detection elements such as a magnetoresistor (MR), a giant magnetoresistor (GMR), a Hall element, or a Hall IC are used. It may be a thing.
In the above embodiment, the number of poles of the permanent magnet 3 is 8 and the number of salient poles of the stator 5 is 12. However, the number of salient poles is not limited to this combination. It may be a combination of numbers.
The electric motor 1 is not limited to a brushless motor, and may be an induction motor or a switched reluctance motor (SR motor).

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Another form of the elastic body and the holding member will be described with reference to FIG. In the first embodiment, one elastic body and one holding member are disposed in the through hole near the center of the substrate, but a plurality of elastic bodies and holding members can be mounted not only in the through hole but also in various places on both substrates. FIG. 6 shows one place of the holding member / elastic body arranged at a plurality of places. In FIG. 6A, the holding member 31 has a columnar shape, a small hole is made in the power board 20b, the tip of the holding member 31 is inserted and then compressed, and the engaging portion 31a is formed. However, it is loosely fitted so that the position of the power board can be moved. On the other hand, the leg 31b is provided on the control board side. The elastic body 30 is attached along the outer periphery of the holding member, and shows a state where the power board 20b is pressed against a heat sink (not shown). The control board also has a small hole for positioning the holding member 31, and a positioning projection 31c extending from the leg is inserted.

Moreover, in FIG.6 (b), the holding member 33 is hollow and the elastic body 32 is incorporated in this. The power board 20b has a plurality of small holes, and after the holding member 33 is inserted, an engaging portion 33a in a loosely fitted state is formed. Similarly, the control board has a plurality of small holes, and the protrusion 33c of the holding member is inserted for positioning. On the other hand, 33b which contacts the control board corresponds to the leg portion.

In the above case, since the pressure is received at a plurality of locations, a uniform force is applied to the entire substrate, and the adhesion to the heat sink is also increased. In the case of this dispersion type, both the elastic body and the holding member can be made small in diameter, can be arranged in a place where no parts are mounted, have a degree of freedom in arrangement, and can effectively use the area of the board.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an electric power steering device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a part of the electric power steering apparatus of FIG. 1. It is an expanded view which shows the circuit board and power board of a control apparatus. It is a perspective view which shows the state before an assembly of an electric motor and a control apparatus. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the whole electric power steering apparatus of FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an elastic body and a holding member according to Embodiment 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric motor, 2 Output shaft, 6 Rotation position sensor, 9 Armature winding, 10 Connection terminal, 11 Cover, 13 Gear case, 20 Control apparatus, 20a Control board, 20b Power board, 21 Heat sink, 25 Connector, 28, 30 , 32 Coil spring (elastic body), 29, 31, 33 Holding member.

Claims (8)

In an electric power steering apparatus comprising: an electric motor that outputs an auxiliary torque to a steering wheel of a vehicle; a reduction mechanism that decelerates rotation of the electric motor; and a control device that controls driving of the electric motor.
A cover disposed on the output shaft side of the electric motor, through which a connection terminal for supplying current to the electric motor passes around the output shaft;
The control device is disposed between the output shaft of the electric motor and the speed reduction mechanism, and includes a plurality of semiconductor switching elements that mainly control the current of the electric motor and a capacitor that absorbs a ripple of the current of the electric motor. A power board, a control board for generating a drive signal for driving the semiconductor switching element based mainly on the steering torque of the steering wheel, the control board to which the connection terminal is connected, and both boards A conductive plate connecting the two, and an elastic body and a holding member that supports the elastic body between both substrates,
The speed reduction mechanism has a heat sink in contact with the power board, and the elastic body attaches the power board to the heat sink when the control device and the heat sink of the speed reduction mechanism are mounted along the output shaft of the electric motor. An electric power steering device characterized by having a structure closely attached to a motor.   The cover has a bearing portion for rotating and holding the output shaft of the electric motor, the connection terminal of the electric motor is arranged around the bearing portion, and is attached to the electric motor, and the connection terminal penetrates the cover, and the control device The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric power steering apparatus is assembled with the control board. The elastic body is disposed on the inner peripheral surface or the outer peripheral surface of the holding member, the holding member is attached to the power board and has a locking part for loosely fitting the power board, and the other end has a leg part that comes into contact with the control board. 2. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one end of the elastic body is in contact with the power board. The heat sink has a hole through which the output shaft of the electric motor passes, the inner surface on the control device side has a flat surface that contacts the power board, the control device is placed between the cover and the heat sink, and the cover and the heat sink are fixed. 2. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric power steering apparatus comprises a control device.   The control device arranges an elastic body and a holding member around the through hole of the output shaft of the electric motor, the elastic body is arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the holding member, and the holding member spans both through holes of both substrates. 4. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the electric power steering apparatus has a cylindrical shape and one end abuts against a bearing portion of the cover. The connection terminal of the electric motor is formed with a press-fit terminal at one end, and the corresponding through hole of the control board is plated on the inner surface. When the press-fit terminal is press-fitted, it receives press-fitting stress by the cylindrical holding member. 6. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the holding member has legs.   A rotational position sensor for detecting the rotational position of the rotor of the electric motor is disposed around the through hole of the output shaft of the electric motor, a press fit terminal is formed, and the press fit terminal is press-fitted into the through hole of the control board. 7. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the holding member has a leg portion so as to receive press-fitting stress by the cylindrical holding member. A plurality of pairs of the holding member and the elastic body are separately disposed, one end of the holding member has a locking portion loosely fitted to the power board, and the other end has a protruding portion to be inserted into the control board. 4. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 3, wherein an elastic body is disposed around the member.

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