JP4579165B2 - 有機電解液及びそれを採用したリチウム電池 - Google Patents
有機電解液及びそれを採用したリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4579165B2 JP4579165B2 JP2006024749A JP2006024749A JP4579165B2 JP 4579165 B2 JP4579165 B2 JP 4579165B2 JP 2006024749 A JP2006024749 A JP 2006024749A JP 2006024749 A JP2006024749 A JP 2006024749A JP 4579165 B2 JP4579165 B2 JP 4579165B2
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SBBDHANTMHIRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)amino]butanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCCC(O)=O SBBDHANTMHIRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 37
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- ATCKJLDGNXGLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trimethylsilyl) propanedioate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C ATCKJLDGNXGLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl malonate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=O)OC BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical group [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical group C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013705 LiNi 1-x Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004603 benzisoxazolyl group Chemical group O1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004785 fluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004620 quinolinyl-N-oxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
J.Power Sources,51(1994),79−104 J.Power Sources,72(1998),66−70
本発明のさらに他の実施形態によれば、前記化学式3の化合物としては、下記化学式4の化合物が望ましい。
このような化学式2の化合物は、前記化学式1の化合物でnが1である場合であって、その中心骨格がマロネート構造を有する。前記化学式2の化合物としては、下記化学式7の化合物がさらに望ましい。
まず、カソード活物質、導電剤、結合剤及び溶媒を混合してカソード活物質組成物を準備する。前記カソード活物質組成物をアルミニウム集電体上に直接コーティング及び乾燥してカソード極板を準備した後、次いで、前記カソード活物質組成物を別途の支持体上にキャスティングした後、その支持体から剥離して得たフィルムを前記アルミニウム集電体上にラミネーションしてカソード極板を製造することも可能である。
炭酸プロピレン30体積%及び炭酸ジメチル70体積%からなる混合有機溶媒に、添加剤として下記化学式9のジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネートを3重量%添加し、リチウム塩としては1M LiPF6を使用して、有機電解液を製造した。
前記化学式4のジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネートの添加量を5重量%とした点を除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
前記化学式4のジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネートの添加量を1重量%とした点を除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
前記化学式4のジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネートの添加量を0.1重量%とした点を除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
ジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネート3重量%の代わりに、エチルトリメチルシリルマロネート3重量%を加えた点を除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
ジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネート3重量%の代わりに、エチルトリメチルシリルマロネート5重量%を加えた点を除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
ジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネート3重量%の代わりに、エチルトリメチルシリルマロネート1重量%を加えた点を除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
ジ(トリメチルシリル)マロネート3重量%の代わりに、エチルトリメチルシリルマロネート0.1重量%を加えた点を除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
炭酸プロピレン30体積%及び炭酸ジメチル70体積%からなる混合有機溶媒に、リチウム塩としては1M LiPF6を使用して、添加剤なしに有機電解液を製造した。
炭酸プロピレン30体積%及び炭酸ジメチル70体積%からなる混合有機溶媒に添加剤としてジメチルマロネートを3重量%添加し、リチウム塩としては1M LiPF6を使用して、有機電解液を製造した。
前記ジメチルマロネートの添加量を5重量%とした点を除いては、前記比較例2と同じ方法で有機電解液を製造した。
炭酸プロピレン30体積%及び炭酸ジメチル70体積%からなる混合有機溶媒に、添加剤としてジメチルマロネートを1重量%添加し、リチウム塩としては1M LiPF6を使用して、有機電解液を製造した。
アノード活物質は、グラファイト系粉末96wt%、結合剤としてポリビニリデンジフルオライド(PVdF)4wt%及びN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)100mlを添加してよく混合した後、セラミックボールを入れて約10時間よく混練した。前記混合物を厚さ19μmの銅箔上に300μm間隔のドクターブレードでキャスティングしてアノード電極を得た後、それを90℃オーブンに入れて約10時間乾燥させてNMPを完全に蒸発させた。次いで、前記アノード電極をロールプレスして厚さ120μmのアノードを得た。
2×3cm2大きさの前記アノード及び相対電極として前記リチウム電極を使用し、前記実施例1ないし8で得られた有機電解液を利用して半電池を製造した。
前記比較例1ないし4により製造された有機電解液を使用した点を除いては、前記実施例9と同じ方法で半電池を製造した。
前記実施例1、2及び比較例1で製造された有機電解液を採用して得られたリチウム電池(実施例9、10及び比較例5)に対して1回の充放電を実施した後、その結果を図1に示した。添加剤を全く添加しない比較例5の場合、電解質分解が非可逆的に発生して充放電が不可能であることが分かる。これと異なり、実施例9及び10の場合、充電及び放電が正常的に行われることを確認できる。
前記実施例9ないし16及び比較例5ないし8で製造された電池に対して1C割合で充放電を実施し、初期容量に対比して100回サイクルでの容量維持率をサイクル特性対比値と定めて、その結果を下記の表1に示した。
前記実施例9ないし16及び比較例5ないし8で製造された半電池において、グラファイトアノードの代わりにシリコン薄膜をアノードとして1C割合で充放電を実施し、初期容量に対比して100回サイクルでの容量維持率をサイクル特性対比値と定めて、その結果を下記の表1に示した。使われたシリコン薄膜は、厚さ20μmの銅箔上にRFスパッタリング方法を使用して製造し、このとき、薄膜電極の厚さは0.15μmであった。
Claims (7)
- 前記化学式の化合物の含量が、前記有機溶媒の重量を基準として1〜3重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記リチウム塩の濃度が、0.5〜2.0Mであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記高誘電率溶媒が、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ブチレン及びγ−ブチロラクトンから構成される群から選択される一つ以上の溶媒であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- 前記低沸点溶媒が、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸ジプロピル、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン及び脂肪酸エステル誘導体から構成される群から選択される一つ以上の溶媒であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電解液。
- カソードと、
アノードと、
請求項1ないし5のうちいずれか一項に記載の有機電解液と、を含むことを特徴とするリチウム電池。 - リチウム塩と、
高誘電率溶媒と低沸点溶媒を含有する有機溶媒と、
エチルトリメチルシリルマロネートと、
を含み、前記エチルトリメチルシリルマロネートの含量が、前記有機溶媒の重量を基準にして0.1ないし5重量%であることを特徴とする有機電解液。
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