JP4426462B2 - 患者に気道陽圧を供給する装置 - Google Patents
患者に気道陽圧を供給する装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
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Description
Pinhalation=CPAP
呼気間に患者に供給すべき圧力(Pexhalation)を次の通り決定する。
Pexhalation=CPAP+GainExp*(Flow-FlowOffset)
Pdelivered=Pbase+Gain*Flow
但し、「Pdelivered」は、患者の界面材に供給される圧力、「Pbase」は、基線圧力(零より大きいか零に等しく、概念上呼気状態気道圧力(EPAP)に等しい)、「Flow」は、流量センサにより決定される患者の概算流量、「Gain」は、流量に基づく圧力の増加に用いる定数である。利得定数は、吸気動作(正流れ)に対する一定数を精密に選択し、呼気動作(負流れ)に対する異なる一定数を選択できる。
Pinhalation=Pbase+GainInsp*Flow
及び
Pexhalation=Pbase+GainExp*Flow
但し、「GainInsp」は、吸気動作(正流れ)間に流量に基づいて圧力を上昇する定数、「GainExp」は、呼気動作(負流れ)間に流量に基づいて圧力を減少する定数である。
Pinhalation=以下のより大きい方:
Pbase+GainInsp*Flow
又は
Pbase+Pprofile
但し、「Pinhalation」は吸気動作間に患者の界面材に供給される圧力、「Pbase」は、基線圧力(概念上呼気状態気道圧力(EPAP)に等しい)、「Flow」は、患者の見積気体流量、「GainInsp」は、吸気動作(正流れ)間に流量に基づいて圧力を増加する定数、「Pprofile」は、吸気動作の開始時に気道を拡張支持する圧力変動関数である。この種の圧力変動関数は、例えば図6Bの点線58で示すように、一定、即ちステップ関数、経時変化関数(例えば図6Bの点線60で示す後方傾斜変化)又は他の形状関数でよい。
Pinhalation=Pprofile呼吸開始からXまでの圧力特性
及び
Pinhalation=Pbase+GainInsp*Flow Xから呼気開始までの流量
但し、「Pinhalation」は、吸気動作間に患者の界面材に供給される圧力、「Pbase」は、基線圧力(概念上呼気状態気道圧力(EPAP)に等しい)、「Flow」は、患者の見積気体流量、「GainInsp」は、吸気動作(正流れ)間に流量に基づいて圧力を増加する定数、「Pprofile」は、吸気動作の開始時に気道を拡張支持する圧力特性を生成する全ての関数である。前記関数は、例えばステップ関数のように一定、例えば後方傾斜変化のように経時変化関数又は他の形状関数でもよい。「X」は、曲率、ピーク流量からの低下百分率、積分値、微分値(導関数)前呼吸分析若しくは流量分析と時間との組合せ等の流量信号の解析又は時間により決定される予め選択された過渡点である。
Pinhalation=CPAP
及び
Pexhalation=CPAP+GainExp*Flow
但し、「CPAP」は、持続気道陽圧、「Flow」は、流量、「GainExp」は、呼気動作(負流れ)間に流量に基づいて圧力を減少する定数である。
Pexhalation=CPAP+GainExp*(Flow-FlowOffset)
但し、「Flow」は、実時間患者流量、「FlowOffset」は、吸気間の患者流量(正流の場合)の最終値に相当する。本質的に、FlowOffset値によって、図7Aの時点「p」での呼気圧力Pexhalationを算出できるが、FlowOffset値を使用してFlowOffset値に等しいか又はこれより大きい流量を減算することにより、この点での流量が正である事実を説明できる。Flowが正の場合だけ、FlowOffsetを使用してPexhalationが算出される。別法として、FlowOffsetを除去し又は零に設定できる。
Pinhalation=IPAP
及び
Pexhalation=EPAP+GainExp*Flow
但し、IPAPは、気道吸気陽圧、EPAPは、呼気状態気道圧力、Flowは、流量、「GainExp」は、呼気(負流れ)間に流量に基づいて圧力を減少する定数である。
Pinhalation(t0〜t1)=IPAP
及び
Pinhalation(t1〜t2)=Pbase+AutoGainInsp*Flow
及び
Pexhalation=Pbase+GainExp*Flow
但し、「Flow」は、見積流量、「t0」は、呼吸開始時点、「t1」は、見積流量が吸気ピーク流量の予め決められた百分率である時点、「t2」は、呼気開始時点、「IPAP」は、連続的に印加される気道吸気陽圧、「Pinhalation(t0〜t1)」は、時点t0からt1まで患者に供給される圧力、「Pbase」は、連続的基礎圧力、「AutoGainInsp」は、時点t1での(IPAP-Pbase)/Flowに等しく、「Pinhalation(t1〜t2)」は、時点t1からt2まで患者に供給される圧力、「GainExp」は、呼気間に患者に供給される圧力を減少する定数、「Pexhalation」は、呼気間に患者に供給される圧力である。
・吸気流量の減少、
・吸気容積の減少、
・流量信号分析又は圧力信号分析により定まる気道抵抗の増加、
・圧力変化又は音の変化により示される気道不安定性、
・動脈中の酸素飽和度の低下、又は
・気道直径の減少
また、本発明による陽圧供給装置では、これらの条件が存在しない場合、最小のGainInspを維持できる。
・吸気流量の減少、
・吸気容積の減少、
・流量信号分析又は圧力信号分析により決定される気道抵抗の増加、
・圧力変化又は音変化により示される気道不安定性、
・動脈酸素飽和度の低下、
・気道直径の減少。
前記の条件が存在しないとき、持続気道陽圧(CPAP)又は気道吸気陽圧(IPAP)は最小レベルに維持される。
Pinhalation=CPAP
及び
Pexhalation=CPAP-Predetermined Pressure profile
持続気道陽圧(CPAP)圧力の減少に使用される予め決められた圧力変動(Predetermined Pressure profile)は、呼吸治療専門家が0〜4cmH2Oの範囲内で通常選択する量Mと、図7Bの圧力曲線とは異なり患者の瞬間的な流量又は容積に基づいて直接決定されない持続時間Dとを有する。量Mは、一定の持続気道陽圧(CPAP)値からの降下圧力を示す。持続時間Dの値は、患者の平均呼気期間の分数であることが好ましい。
Pexhalation=以下のより大きい方:
Pbase-(GainExp*Flow)
又は
Current Pressure、
但し、「Current Pressure」は、呼気段階間の実時点で患者に供給される圧力である。
Pexhalation=Pbase(Volumeto be exhaled*GainExp)
但し、「Pbase」は、基線圧力(零以上で概念上呼気状態気道圧力(EPAP)に等しい)、「Volumeto be exhaled」は、患者内の実時間の気体容積から安静状態の患者の気体容積を引いた差、「GainExp」は、呼気(負流れ)間に圧力を減少する定数である。
呼気段階の開始(t0)からXまで:
Claims (10)
- 気体流発生器と、気体流発生器に連結されかつ気体流発生器から呼吸用気体流を患者の気道に連絡する患者界面材と、気体流発生器又は患者界面材に接続されかつ患者界面材内の呼吸用気体流に関連する流体特性を検出して流体特性に対応する信号を出力するセンサと、気体流発生器又は患者界面材に接続されかつ患者に供給される呼吸用気体流の圧力を制御する圧力制御装置と、入力装置と、センサから出力される信号並びに入力装置からの持続気道陽圧(CPAP)及び呼気利得GainExpを受信する処理手段とを備え、
処理手段は、吸気動作間に患者に供給する吸気間圧力Pinhalationを下式:
Pinhalation=CPAP
により決定し、呼気動作間に患者に供給する呼気間圧力Pexhalationを下式:
Pexhalation=CPAP+GainExp*(Flow-FlowOffset)
により(但し、Flowは、センサにより測定される実時間の患者流量であり、吸気動作間の患者流量の最終値が正のとき、FlowOffsetは、患者流量の最終値に相当し又は患者流量の最終値が零又は負のとき、FlowOffsetは、零である)決定し、処理手段は、圧力制御装置を制御して、呼吸周期の吸気段階の間にPinhalationに相当する圧力を供給し、呼吸周期の呼気段階の間にPexhalationに相当する圧力を供給することを特徴とする患者の気道に呼吸用加圧気体をを供給する呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。 - 患者界面材は、導管を備え、圧力制御装置は、気体を排出する導管に接続されかつ患者に供給される呼吸用気体流の圧力を制御する弁である請求項1に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
- 持続気道陽圧のレベルは、入力装置を介して設定される請求項1に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
- 持続気道陽圧レベルは、センサの出力に基づいて処理手段により決定される請求項1に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
- 処理手段は、圧力制御装置を制御して、呼気動作間の圧力振動を防止する請求項1に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
- 処理手段は、圧力制御装置を制御して、最大圧力減少値が、(1)Pexhalationと、(2)患者に供給される実時間圧力とのより大きい方の圧力に合致した後に、呼気動作間に圧力制御装置から患者に圧力を供給して圧力振動を防止する請求項5に記載の呼吸用加圧気体を供給装置。
- 処理手段は、患者に供給すべき呼吸用気体流の圧力の変化率を制限する請求項1に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
- 処理手段は、患者に供給すべき圧力の増加に対する第1の変化率制限値と、患者に供給すべき圧力の減少に対する第2の変化率制限値とを設定する請求項7に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
- 更に、患者に供給される呼吸用気体流の圧力が変化する間の過渡圧力を平滑化する手段を備える請求項1に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
- 平滑化する手段は、処理手段により圧力制御装置に供給されかつ処理手段により決定されるPexhalation又はPinhalationに相当する信号を濾波するフィルタを備える請求項9に記載の呼吸用加圧気体供給装置。
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US10/304,590 US6932084B2 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 2002-11-26 | Method and apparatus for providing positive airway pressure to a patient |
PCT/US2003/037697 WO2004047621A2 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2003-11-25 | Apparatus for providing positive airway pressure to a patient |
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