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JP4415264B2 - Surgical power tool - Google Patents

Surgical power tool Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4415264B2
JP4415264B2 JP2005015750A JP2005015750A JP4415264B2 JP 4415264 B2 JP4415264 B2 JP 4415264B2 JP 2005015750 A JP2005015750 A JP 2005015750A JP 2005015750 A JP2005015750 A JP 2005015750A JP 4415264 B2 JP4415264 B2 JP 4415264B2
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shaft
tool
tool mounting
mounting shaft
eccentric
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JP2006198326A (en
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治久 杉山
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TOKYO AUTOMACH CO., LTD.
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TOKYO AUTOMACH CO., LTD.
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Description

本発明は、例えば骨折した骨を接合するために、骨内固定材料として使用されたスクリューを抜去する際に使用する外科用電動工具に係り、さらに詳細には、骨と強固に結合した状態のスクリューを容易に緩めることのできる外科用電動工具に関する。   The present invention relates to a surgical power tool used when removing a screw used as an intraosseous fixation material, for example, in order to join a fractured bone, and more particularly, in a state of being firmly bonded to a bone. The present invention relates to a surgical power tool capable of easily loosening a screw.

例えば、骨折した骨を接合するとき、骨内固定材料としてスクリューが使用されることがある。そして、骨が接合した後に、前記スクリューを抜き去ることが一般的である。なお、本発明に係る先行例として特許文献1がある。
特開2003−10200号公報
For example, a screw may be used as an intraosseous fixation material when joining fractured bones. Then, after the bone is joined, the screw is generally removed. There is Patent Document 1 as a prior example according to the present invention.
JP 2003-10200 A

前述のごとく、骨接合用に使用されるスクリューの材質は一般的にはチタン製であることが多い。チタンは生体親和性が高いので、チタン製のスクリューを骨内固定材料として使用し長時間経ると、骨と前記スクリューとが強固に一体的に結合されることになる。したがって、前記スクリューを抜去するときには、スクリューを回転するために大きな力が必要である。また、骨とスクリューとの結合が強固であることにより、工具によってスクリューを回転するとき、スクリューが折損することがある。   As described above, the material of screws used for osteosynthesis is generally made of titanium. Since titanium has a high biocompatibility, when a titanium screw is used as an intraosseous fixation material and a long time has passed, the bone and the screw are firmly and integrally bonded. Therefore, when removing the screw, a large force is required to rotate the screw. Further, due to the strong bond between the bone and the screw, the screw may break when the screw is rotated by a tool.

本発明は、前述のごとき問題に鑑みてなされたもので、外科用電動工具であって、工具を着脱交換可能な工具取付軸を、ケーシングに回動可能に備えられた偏心カラーの軸心に対して偏心した当該偏心カラーの偏心位置に回転自在に支持して設け、回転軸が前記工具取付軸と平行するようにモータを、前記ケーシングが着脱可能に取付けられるモータハウジングに設け、前記工具取付軸の軸心に対して直交し、当該工具取付軸と平行する前記モータの回転軸と先端部が対向するように延伸したアームを前記工具取付軸に一体的に設け、当該アームの長手方向に形成したスロット状の係合部に、前記モータの回転軸の軸心に対して偏心した当該回転軸の偏心位置に取付けた係合ピンを摺動自在に係合してあることを特徴とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is a surgical power tool, in which a tool mounting shaft capable of attaching and detaching a tool is used as an axial center of an eccentric collar that is rotatably provided on a casing. The motor is mounted on a motor housing to which the casing is detachably mounted, the motor being mounted so that the rotating shaft is parallel to the tool mounting shaft. An arm that is orthogonal to the axis of the shaft and that is parallel to the tool mounting shaft and extended so that the tip of the rotating shaft of the motor faces the tool mounting shaft is integrally provided in the longitudinal direction of the arm. the engaging portion of the formed slot-like, characterized in that the engagement pin mounted to the eccentric position of the rotary shaft that is eccentric with respect to the axis of the rotating shaft of the motor are slidably engaged Is.

本発明によれば、工具取付軸を小さな角度でもって往復回動することができ、骨に強固に結合した状態のスクリューを緩めることができるものであり、スクリューを折損することなく抜去することができる。   According to the present invention, the tool mounting shaft can be reciprocally rotated at a small angle, and the screw firmly bonded to the bone can be loosened, and the screw can be removed without breaking. it can.

図1を参照するに、本発明の実施形態に係る外科用電動工具1は、モータ(図示省略)を内装したモータハウジング3を備えており、このモータハウジング3にはモータの回転数を調整するための例えばスイッチなどのごとき回転調整手段5を備えている。なお、この種のモータは、電動工具において公知であるから、モータについての詳細な説明は省略する。   Referring to FIG. 1, a surgical power tool 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a motor housing 3 in which a motor (not shown) is housed, and the motor housing 3 adjusts the rotational speed of the motor. For example, a rotation adjusting means 5 such as a switch is provided. In addition, since this kind of motor is well-known in an electric tool, detailed description about a motor is abbreviate | omitted.

前記モータハウジング3には適宜形状のケーシング7が着脱可能に取付けてあり、このケーシング7において、前記モータの回転軸9(図2参照)から当該回転軸9の径方向に大きく離れた位置には偏心カラー11が回動可能に備えられている。そして、この偏心カラー11の軸心から偏心した位置に形成した貫通孔13には、軸受を介して工具取付軸15が回転自在に支承されている。したがって、工具取付軸15の軸心は偏心カラー11の軸心に対して常に偏心した位置にあり、前記偏心カラー11を軸心回りに回動すると、工具取付軸15の軸心は、偏心カラー11の軸心回りに回動されるものである。   A suitably shaped casing 7 is detachably attached to the motor housing 3, and in this casing 7, the motor shaft 3 is located at a position far away from the rotating shaft 9 of the motor (see FIG. 2) in the radial direction of the rotating shaft 9. An eccentric collar 11 is rotatably provided. A tool mounting shaft 15 is rotatably supported via a bearing in a through hole 13 formed at a position eccentric from the axis of the eccentric collar 11. Therefore, the axis of the tool mounting shaft 15 is always in a position eccentric with respect to the axis of the eccentric collar 11, and when the eccentric collar 11 is rotated around the axis, the axis of the tool mounting shaft 15 is eccentric. 11 is rotated around the axis.

前記工具取付軸15の先端側には、スクリュー(図示省略)のヘッドに形成した多角形状の係合凹部又は係合凸部などの被係合部と係合する係合部17Aを先端部に備えた緩め工具17が着脱交換可能に取付けてある。すなわち、前記工具取付軸15の先端側には種々の工具を取付けることが可能であり、例えばスクリューのヘッドに形成した被係合部の形状寸法に対応するように種々の係合部を備えた工具を取付けることができるものである。   An engagement portion 17A that engages with an engaged portion such as a polygonal engagement recess or engagement projection formed on the head of a screw (not shown) is provided at the tip of the tool mounting shaft 15 at the tip. A provided loosening tool 17 is detachably attached. That is, various tools can be mounted on the tip end side of the tool mounting shaft 15, and for example, various engaging portions are provided so as to correspond to the shape and size of the engaged portion formed on the head of the screw. A tool can be attached.

前記モータの回転軸9の回転を往復回動に変換して前記工具取付軸15へ伝達するために、前記回転軸9から前記工具取付軸15へ動力を伝達する動力伝達経路すなわち回転軸9と工具取付軸15との間には運動変換機構19が設けられている。   In order to convert the rotation of the rotating shaft 9 of the motor into reciprocating rotation and transmit it to the tool mounting shaft 15, a power transmission path for transmitting power from the rotating shaft 9 to the tool mounting shaft 15, that is, the rotating shaft 9 and A motion conversion mechanism 19 is provided between the tool mounting shaft 15.

より詳細には、前記工具取付軸15の内端側には、当該工具取付軸15の軸心に対して直交する方向すなわち前記回転軸9の先端部に対向する位置方向へ延伸したアーム21が一体的に取付けてあり、このアーム21には、アーム21の長手方向に長いスリット又はスロット或は溝などのごときスロット状の係合部23が形成してある。そして、上記係合部23には、前記回転軸9の先端部の僅かに偏心位置に備えた係合ピン25が摺動自在に係合してある。   More specifically, on the inner end side of the tool mounting shaft 15, there is an arm 21 that extends in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the tool mounting shaft 15, that is, in a position direction that opposes the tip of the rotary shaft 9. The arm 21 is integrally attached, and a slot-like engaging portion 23 such as a slit or a slot or a groove long in the longitudinal direction of the arm 21 is formed on the arm 21. The engaging portion 23 is slidably engaged with an engaging pin 25 provided at a slightly eccentric position at the tip of the rotating shaft 9.

したがって、モータを駆動して回転軸9を回転すると、回転軸9の先端側に備えた前記係合ピン25は、回転軸9の軸心を中心として公転(偏心回転)する。よって、アーム21は、前記係合ピン25と係合部23との係合関係により、工具取付軸15の軸心を中心として往復揺動されることになり、前記工具取付軸15は小さな角度範囲において往復回動する。   Therefore, when the rotation shaft 9 is rotated by driving the motor, the engagement pin 25 provided on the distal end side of the rotation shaft 9 revolves (eccentrically rotates) about the axis of the rotation shaft 9. Therefore, the arm 21 is reciprocally swung around the axis of the tool mounting shaft 15 due to the engagement relationship between the engagement pin 25 and the engagement portion 23, and the tool mounting shaft 15 has a small angle. Reciprocate in range.

上記構成により、緩め工具17に備えた係合部17Aを、骨内固定材料として骨の接合部に螺入埋設されたスクリューにおけるヘッドに形成した被係合部に係合した状態においてモータを駆動すると、前記スクリューは、小さな角度でもって往復回動される。すなわちスクリューは、スクリューの軸心回りに回動方向に振動されることになる。そして、上記振動数は、回転調整手段5によってモータの回転数を調整することにより、例えば3000〜18000回/分の範囲で調整され、骨とスクリューとの強固な結合が解除されることになる。よって、スクリューを折損することなく抜去することができるものである。   With the above configuration, the motor is driven in a state in which the engaging portion 17A provided in the loosening tool 17 is engaged with the engaged portion formed on the head of the screw screwed and embedded in the bone joint portion as the bone fixing material. Then, the screw is reciprocated at a small angle. That is, the screw is vibrated in the rotation direction around the axis of the screw. And the said frequency is adjusted in the range of 3000-18000 times / min, for example by adjusting the rotation speed of a motor with the rotation adjustment means 5, and the strong coupling | bonding of a bone and a screw will be cancelled | released. . Therefore, the screw can be removed without breaking.

ところで、前記偏心カラー11を回動して、図3(A)に示すように、工具取付軸15の軸心15Aを、偏心カラー11の軸心11Aの上方位置、すなわち、偏心カラー11の軸心11Aを間にして前記係合ピン25の反対側へ位置せしめると、前記軸心15Aから係合ピン25の位置までの寸法が大きくなり、係合ピン25の偏心回転によるアーム21の揺動角(回動角)θ1は小さくなる。   By the way, the eccentric collar 11 is rotated, and as shown in FIG. 3A, the axis 15A of the tool mounting shaft 15 is positioned above the axis 11A of the eccentric collar 11, that is, the axis of the eccentric collar 11. When the center 11A is positioned on the opposite side of the engagement pin 25, the dimension from the axis 15A to the position of the engagement pin 25 increases, and the arm 21 swings due to the eccentric rotation of the engagement pin 25. The angle (rotation angle) θ1 becomes small.

次に、図3(B)に示すように、前記偏心カラー11を90°回動して、工具取付軸15の軸心15Aを偏心カラー11の軸心11Aと同一高さに調整すると、前記軸心15Aと係合ピン25との距離が短くなるので、アーム21の揺動角θ2は、揺動角θ1より大きくなる。さらに、偏心カラー11を回動して、工具取付軸15の軸心15Aを、図3(C)に示すように、偏心カラー11の軸心11Aと係合ピン25との間に位置決めすると、軸心15Aと係合ピン25との間の距離が最短になるので、アーム21の揺動角θ3は最大になる。   Next, as shown in FIG. 3B, when the eccentric collar 11 is rotated by 90 ° and the axis 15A of the tool mounting shaft 15 is adjusted to the same height as the axis 11A of the eccentric collar 11, Since the distance between the shaft center 15A and the engagement pin 25 is shortened, the swing angle θ2 of the arm 21 is larger than the swing angle θ1. Further, when the eccentric collar 11 is rotated and the axis 15A of the tool mounting shaft 15 is positioned between the axis 11A of the eccentric collar 11 and the engagement pin 25 as shown in FIG. Since the distance between the shaft center 15A and the engagement pin 25 is the shortest, the swing angle θ3 of the arm 21 is maximized.

上記説明より理解されるように、偏心カラー11を適宜に回動することにより、アーム21の揺動角(回動角)を調整することができ、工具取付軸15の回動角をθ1〜θ3の間で無段階に調整することができるものであり、前記偏心カラー11等は回動角度調整機構を構成するものである。換言すれば、工具取付軸15の回動方向の振動における振幅を調整することができるものであり、振幅調整機構を構成するものであるということもできるものである。   As can be understood from the above description, by appropriately rotating the eccentric collar 11, the swing angle (rotation angle) of the arm 21 can be adjusted, and the rotation angle of the tool mounting shaft 15 can be set to θ1. It can be adjusted steplessly between θ3, and the eccentric collar 11 and the like constitute a rotation angle adjusting mechanism. In other words, it is possible to adjust the amplitude in the vibration in the rotation direction of the tool mounting shaft 15 and to constitute an amplitude adjusting mechanism.

既に理解されるように、工具取付軸15の回動方向への振動の振動数及び振幅を調整できるものであるから、スクリューの径の大小や骨とスクリューとの結合強度に対応して適正な振動条件に調整可能である。したがって、種々の形状寸法のスクリューに対応して使用することができ、骨とスクリューとの結合を、スクリューを折損することなく緩めることができ、スクリューの抜去を容易に行い得るものである。   As already understood, since the frequency and amplitude of vibration in the rotation direction of the tool mounting shaft 15 can be adjusted, it is appropriate for the size of the screw diameter and the coupling strength between the bone and the screw. Adjustable to vibration conditions. Therefore, it can be used corresponding to screws having various shapes and dimensions, and the connection between the bone and the screw can be loosened without breaking the screw, and the screw can be easily removed.

ところで、前記説明においては、工具取付軸15に対して緩め工具17を取付けて、外科用電動工具1を、スクリューを緩めるための電動工具として使用する場合について例示し説明したが、前記緩め工具17に代えて、工具取付軸15にカッターを取付けた場合には、例えばギプスを切断するための電動工具として使用することができる。この場合、例えば円板状のカッターを使用した場合には、回転による切断ではなく回転角度を自在に変更可能な往復回動による切断であるから、ギブス材質や厚さに回動角度や振動数を最適に合わせ、切味を良くし、余分な粉塵の飛散を抑制できると共にカッター外周部の複数箇所を使い分けることができ、カッターの長寿命化を図ることができるものである。   In the above description, the case where the loosening tool 17 is attached to the tool attachment shaft 15 and the surgical power tool 1 is used as an electric tool for loosening the screw has been illustrated and described. Instead, when a cutter is attached to the tool attachment shaft 15, it can be used as an electric tool for cutting a cast, for example. In this case, for example, when a disc-shaped cutter is used, it is not a cutting by rotation but a cutting by reciprocating rotation that can freely change the rotation angle. Can be optimally adjusted, sharpness can be improved, scattering of excess dust can be suppressed, and a plurality of locations on the outer periphery of the cutter can be properly used, thereby extending the life of the cutter.

本発明の実施形態に係る外科用電動工具の外観を示すもので、一部省略して図示してある。The external appearance of the surgical power tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention is shown, and it abbreviate | omits and shown in figure. 上記外科用電動工具の主要部分を示す断面説明図である。It is sectional explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the said surgical power tool. 揺動角度の角度調整の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of angle adjustment of a rocking | fluctuation angle.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 外科用電動工具
7 ケーシング
9 回転軸
11 偏心カラー
15 工具取付軸
17 緩め工具
19 運動変換機構
21 アーム
23 係合部
25 係合ピン
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Surgical power tool 7 Casing 9 Rotating shaft 11 Eccentric collar 15 Tool mounting shaft 17 Loosening tool 19 Motion conversion mechanism 21 Arm 23 Engagement part 25 Engagement pin

Claims (1)

外科用電動工具であって、工具を着脱交換可能な工具取付軸を、ケーシングに回動可能に備えられた偏心カラーの軸心に対して偏心した当該偏心カラーの偏心位置に回転自在に支持して設け、回転軸が前記工具取付軸と平行するようにモータを、前記ケーシングが着脱可能に取付けられるモータハウジングに設け、前記工具取付軸の軸心に対して直交し、当該工具取付軸と平行する前記モータの回転軸と先端部が対向するように延伸したアームを前記工具取付軸に一体的に設け、当該アームの長手方向に形成したスロット状の係合部に、前記モータの回転軸の軸心に対して偏心した当該回転軸の偏心位置に取付けた係合ピンを摺動自在に係合してあることを特徴とする外科用電動工具。 A surgical power tool that rotatably supports a tool mounting shaft on which a tool can be attached and detached , at an eccentric position of the eccentric collar that is eccentric with respect to an axis of the eccentric collar that is rotatably provided on the casing. The motor is provided in a motor housing to which the casing is detachably mounted so that the rotation shaft is parallel to the tool mounting shaft, and is orthogonal to the axis of the tool mounting shaft and parallel to the tool mounting shaft. the arm rotation shaft and the distal end portion of the motor is oriented so as to face to provided integrally to the tool mounting shaft, the slot shaped engaging portion formed in the longitudinal direction of the arm, the rotation shaft of the motor A surgical power tool characterized by slidably engaging an engaging pin attached to an eccentric position of the rotary shaft that is eccentric with respect to the shaft center.
JP2005015750A 2005-01-24 2005-01-24 Surgical power tool Active JP4415264B2 (en)

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JP2006198326A JP2006198326A (en) 2006-08-03
JP4415264B2 true JP4415264B2 (en) 2010-02-17

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