JP4460087B2 - Borate-containing additive for manual transmission lubricants that provides stable and high synchromesh durability against hydrolysis - Google Patents
Borate-containing additive for manual transmission lubricants that provides stable and high synchromesh durability against hydrolysis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4460087B2 JP4460087B2 JP21762999A JP21762999A JP4460087B2 JP 4460087 B2 JP4460087 B2 JP 4460087B2 JP 21762999 A JP21762999 A JP 21762999A JP 21762999 A JP21762999 A JP 21762999A JP 4460087 B2 JP4460087 B2 JP 4460087B2
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- weight
- extreme pressure
- pressure additive
- additive composition
- oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/95—Esters
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
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- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
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- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C10M2201/105—Silica
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
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- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、潤滑油用の極圧(EP)添加剤に関するものである。特に本発明は、三ホウ酸カリウムを含有する手動変速機ギヤボックス用の潤滑剤(好ましくは無リン)であって、非常に優れた歯車損傷防止性、高いシンクロメッシュ(同期かみあい)耐久性能および優れた水安定性能を有する潤滑剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車の変速機差動装置、空気圧工具、気体圧縮機、高圧の油圧系統、金属工作や同様の装置に使用されている歯車組体、および多種類の軸受においては、しばしば高荷重状態が起こっている。これらの高荷重状態で未調合油を使用したときに生じる望ましくない結果を避けるために、そのような用途に使用するための潤滑剤にはEP剤が配合されている。EP剤は大体は、油溶性であるか、あるいは安定な分散物として油に簡単に加えることのできる有機又は金属有機化合物である。
【0003】
アルカリ金属ホウ酸塩は、摩耗防止剤および極圧剤として有用性があり、工業的によく知られている。潤滑剤に水が混入した場合に、アルカリ金属ホウ酸塩を含有する添加剤は加水分解に対して安定ではない場合がある。アルカリ金属ホウ酸塩自体は水の存在下でもあまり不安定ではないが、添加剤パッケージの他の成分、例えば摩擦調整剤や摩耗防止剤、金属不活性化剤が潤滑剤の加水分解安定性を悪化させる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、歯車損傷を防ぎ、疲労から歯車を守り、そして高いシンクロメッシュ(同期かみあい)耐久性を保ちながら、加水分解に対する安定性の向上した潤滑剤を提供することにある。この最後の特性は、手動変速機用液体にとって最も重要である。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、水安定性、酸化抑制、高いシンクロメッシュ耐久性能、および手動変速機ギヤボックスにおける潤滑油の歯車保護を向上させることのできる極圧添加剤を提供する。本発明の極圧添加剤は、下記成分からなる極圧添加剤組成物(以下、単に極圧添加剤ということがある)である。
(a)40〜66重量%の三ホウ酸カリウム;
(b)12〜30重量%の三硫化ジ−t−ブチル;
(c)5〜15重量%のペンタエリトリトールとポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物との反応生成物;および
(d)5〜10%重量%の過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート。
(ただし、上記成分(a)、(b)、(c)および(d)の重量%は全て、極圧添加剤組成物の重量を基準とした重量%である)。
【0009】
極圧添加剤はまた、好ましくは20%以下のポリオールの脂肪酸エステル、より好ましくは5〜10%のレベルで存在するペンタエリトリトールモノオレートも含有する。
【0010】
ある態様においては、極圧添加剤はまた20%以下のアルキル置換フェニルホスフェート、7%以下の少なくとも一種類の金属不活性化剤、および0.1%以下の消泡剤も含有する。
【0011】
アルキル置換フェニルホスフェートは5〜10%のレベルで存在するトリキシレニルホスフェートであることが好ましい。
好ましくは、少なくとも一種類の金属不活性化剤を用い、より好ましくは二種類以上の金属不活性化剤を用いることである。たとえば、2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾールとベンゾトリアゾール誘導体の両方を使用することができる。
【0012】
極圧添加剤は、潤滑粘度の基油と一緒に潤滑油組成物として使用することができる。その潤滑油組成物はまた、粘度指数向上剤および流動点降下剤も含むことができる。手動変速機ギヤボックスにその潤滑油を添加することにより、高いシンクロメッシュ耐久性能およびギヤボックスの歯車保護を向上させることができる。
【0013】
極圧添加剤はまた、相溶性の有機液体希釈剤および極圧添加剤からなる濃縮物に使用することができる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の極圧添加剤組成物は、それぞれ特定範囲の量の三ホウ酸カリウム、三硫化ジ−t−ブチル、ペンタエリトリトールとポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物との反応生成物、および過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレートを含有する。好ましくは極圧添加剤は更に、ポリオールの脂肪酸エステルを含有することができる。ある態様では極圧添加剤は更に、アルキル置換フェニルホスフェート、少なくとも一種類の金属不活性化剤、および消泡剤を含有することができる。
【0015】
水安定性および酸化抑制性が向上した潤滑油組成物を手動変速機ギヤボックスに添加することにより、高いシンクロメッシュ耐久性能およびギヤボックスの歯車保護を付与することができる。その潤滑油組成物は、潤滑粘度の基油および上記の極圧添加剤からなる。
【0016】
なお、本明細書では特に断らない限り、百分率(%)は全て、各添加剤の重量パーセント(重量%)(希釈油を加えないで計算した値)であり、比率は全てモル比である。
【0017】
本発明の極圧添加剤組成物を製造するひとつの方法は、下記化合物を一緒に混合することからなる:
(a)40〜66重量%の三ホウ酸カリウム;
(b)12〜30重量%の三硫化ジ−t−ブチル;
(c)5〜15重量%のペンタエリトリトールとポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物との反応生成物;
(d)5〜10重量%の過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート;
(e)5〜10重量%のペンタエリトリトールモノオレート;
(f)5〜10重量%のトリキシレニルホスフェート;
(g)1〜3重量%の2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール;
(h)0.5〜1.5重量%のベンゾトリアゾール誘導体;および
(i)0.1重量%以下の消泡剤。
【0018】
上記の方法により製造された添加剤は、各成分が相互作用することにより初期混合物とは若干異なった組成を有するかもしれない。各成分はどのような順序で混合してもよいし、また予め任意の成分を組合せたうえで、混合を行なってもよい。
【0019】
[三ホウ酸カリウム]
本発明において、添加剤組成物は40〜66%の三ホウ酸カリウムを含有する。
【0020】
三ホウ酸カリウムは、当該分野ではよく知られており、また市販されている。好適な三ホウ酸カリウムおよび製造方法を開示する代表的な特許としては、米国特許第3,313,727号、第3,819,521号、第3,853,772号、第3,907,601号、第3,997,454号および第4,089,790号の各明細書がある。特に好ましいのは、ホウ素/カリウムのモル比が約2.5〜4.5である水和三ホウ酸カリウムである。一般に、少なくとも90%の三ホウ酸カリウム粒子の粒径は0.39μm未満である。
【0021】
三ホウ酸カリウムは、歯車を摩耗(スコーリング、ピッチング、リッジング、リップリング)から保護し、最大摩擦係数を与え、そしてシンクロナイザ・リングを摩耗から保護するために用いられる。
【0022】
[三硫化ジ−t−ブチル]
本発明において、添加剤組成物は、12〜30%(好ましくは、12〜25%)の三硫化ジ−t−ブチルを含有する。
【0025】
三硫化ジ−t−ブチルは、歯車を損傷から保護する極圧性を付与するために配合物に加えられる。
【0026】
[ペンタエリトリトールとポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物との反応生成物]
ペンタエリトリトールとポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物との反応生成物は5〜15%のレベルで存在することが好ましい。
【0027】
ポリオレフィンと無水マレイン酸の反応を含むアルケニル又はアルキル置換無水コハク酸の合成方法は、当該分野では既に知られている。本発明に記載の化合物類の場合には、アルケニル又はアルキル基の数平均分子量(Mn)は500〜2500であり、Mw/Mn比は1〜500であることが好ましい。無水コハク酸反応物のアルケニル又はアルキル置換基は、Mnが500〜1500の重合イソブテンであることが好ましい。最も好ましいのは、Mnが850〜1200の重合イソブテンである。ポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物の製造方法は、米国特許第3,381,022号明細書に記載されている。アルキル置換無水コハク酸は、グリセロール、ペンタエリトリトール、およびソルビトールなどの多価アルコールと反応する。好ましい脂肪族多価アルコールはペンタエリトリトールである。
【0028】
[過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート]
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート(もしくはサリシレート)は5〜10%のレベルで存在することが好ましい。そのサリチレート部分は好ましくは、一重芳香環のアルキルサリチレートであって、ヨーロッパ特許出願第EP0786448A2号公報に記載されている。
【0029】
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレートを合成するのに用いられるアルキルフェノールは、最大で85%の直鎖のアルキルフェノールを、少なくとも15%の分枝鎖のアルキルフェノールとの混合で含有し、その分枝鎖のアルキル基は少なくとも9個の炭素原子を含む。好ましくは、これらのアルキルフェノールは35〜85%の直鎖のアルキルフェノールを、15〜65%の分枝鎖のアルキルフェノールとの混合で含有する。分枝鎖対直鎖のアルキルフェノールの比率は重量比である。直鎖のアルキル基は12〜40個の炭素原子を含むことが好ましく、より好ましくは18〜30個の炭素原子を含む。また、分枝鎖のアルキル基は少なくとも9個の炭素原子を含み、好ましくは9〜24個の炭素原子、より好ましくは10〜15個の炭素原子を含む。
【0030】
上記の化合物は、加水分解に対する安定性を高め、そして熱安定性および酸化の抑制を向上させるために使用される。
【0031】
[ポリオールの脂肪酸エステル]
ポリオールの脂肪酸エステルが使用される場合には、該エステルは20%以下のレベルで使用する。好ましいのは、5〜10%のレベルで存在するペンタエリトリトールモノオレートである。
【0032】
本発明において有用なエステルは、油溶性であって、式:R−COOH(Rはアルキルまたはアルケニルである)を有するC8〜C22の脂肪酸から合成されたものであることが好ましい。特に好ましいエステルは、オレイン酸(C16-18およびC18の不飽和オレイン酸)である。
エステルは、上記脂肪酸と、ペンタエリトリトール、グリセロール、ソルビトールなどのポリオールとから合成される。
【0033】
上記のエステル化合物は、良好な摩擦性を与え、特に良好なシンクロナイゼイション(同期状態)をもたらし、そして加水分解に対する安定性を高めるために使用される。
【0034】
[アルキル置換フェニルホスフェート]
アルキル置換フェニルホスフェートが使用される場合には、該化合物は20%以下のレベルで使用する。好ましいのは、5〜10%のレベルで存在するトリキシレニルホスフェートである。このホスフェートを得るために用いられるフェノール誘導体は、クレゾール、キシレノールまたはトリブチルフェノールであってもよい。
【0035】
上記の化合物は、その摩耗防止性、特にシンクロナイザ・リングの保護のために使用される。
【0036】
[金属不活性化剤]
金属不活性化剤が使用される場合には、該化合物は7%以下のレベルで使用する。好ましいのは、2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体とベンゾトリアゾールとの混合物である。2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体は、3.5%以下(好ましくは1〜3%)のレベルで存在する。ベンゾトリアゾールは、3.5%以下(好ましくは0.5〜1.5%)のレベルで存在する。
【0037】
2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体は、下記式を有する。なお、下記式で、XはR−SまたはR−S−S基(ただし、Rはアルキル基)を示す。
【0038】
【化1】
【0039】
2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体は、銅板腐食を防止するための金属不活性化剤として、また極圧剤として使用される。
【0040】
ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体は、N,N−ビス(2−エチルヘキシル)−4−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−メチルアミンと、N,N−ビス(2−エチルヘキシル)−5−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−メチルアミンの混合物である。所望により、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体はトルトリアゾール誘導体で置き換えることができる。
【0041】
ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体は、銅板の腐食を防止するための金属不活性化剤として使用される。
【0042】
[消泡剤]
消泡剤(泡防止剤)が使用される場合には、消泡剤は、0.1%以下のレベルで使用する。好ましくは、消泡剤は約3.5%のシリコーンを含有する。
【0043】
[潤滑油組成物]
本発明の方法により製造された添加剤は、潤滑油組成物の水安定性および酸化抑制性を向上させるのに有用である。このような目的で用いるとき、添加剤の量は全潤滑油組成物の約0.5〜40%の範囲にあるが、好ましくは全潤滑油組成物の約1〜25%の範囲である。
【0044】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、潤滑粘度の基油と本発明の極圧添加剤とからなる。潤滑油組成物はまた、粘度指数向上剤および流動点降下剤も含有することができる。
よく知られた粘度指数向上剤の例としては、ポリメタクリレート型ポリマー、エチレン−プロピレンコポリマー、スチレン−イソプレンコポリマー、水和スチレン−イソプレンコポリマー、ポリイソブチレン、および分散剤型粘度指数向上剤を挙げることができる。
よく知られた流動点降下剤の例としては、ポリメチルメタクリレートを挙げることができる。
【0045】
極圧添加剤を分散させる潤滑粘度の油は、反応条件下で不活性(特に、非けん化性)で、潤滑粘度を有する低誘電率の液体であれば如何なる液体であってもよい。潤滑粘度の液体は一般に、100#F(38℃)でのセイボルトユニバーサル粘度(SUS)が35〜50,000秒である。液体媒体または油は、天然あるいは合成原料から誘導することができる。天然の炭化水素系油としては、パラフィン基油、ナフテン系基油、および混合基油がある。合成油としては、各種オレフィン(一般に炭素原子数が2〜6)のポリマー、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素などがある。非炭化水素油としては、ポリアルキレンオキシド、例えばポリエチレンオキシド、芳香族エーテル、シリコーンなどがある。好ましい媒体は、天然および合成の炭化水素系油である。炭化水素系油のうちで好ましいのは、SAE粘度番号が5〜20Wおよび20〜250Wのものであり、特にはSAE粘度番号が75〜250Wの範囲にあるものである。
【0046】
潤滑油組成物における潤滑粘度の油の含量は、他の成分の濃度に依存して決められる。潤滑油は、ホウ酸塩や耐摩耗剤、有機硫黄化合物の濃度およびその他の所望の添加剤が特定された後で、組成物のバランスを考えて調製される。
【0047】
[添加剤濃縮物]
添加剤濃縮物も本発明の請求の範囲に包含される。本発明の濃縮物は、輸送や貯蔵の際の取り扱いを容易にするために十分な量の有機希釈剤を含む。
【0048】
使用できる好適な有機希釈剤としては、たとえば精製100N溶媒、すなわちシット−コン(Cit−Con)100N、および水処理した100N、すなわちRLOP100Nなどを挙げることができる。有機希釈剤は好ましくは、100℃での粘度が約1〜20cStである。好ましくは、有機希釈剤を10%未満として濃縮物を調製する。
【0049】
本発明についてさらに、以下の実施例により説明する。これらの実施例は特に有利な方法の態様を示すものである。なお、実施例は本発明を説明するためのものであって、それによって本発明が限定されるものではない。
【0050】
【実施例】
[加水分解安定度試験]
加水分解安定度試験の目的は、完全に配合した潤滑剤の加水分解に対する安定性を評価することにある。洗車の際には偶発的に、ギヤボックスに最大で3%の水が入りうる。添加剤は、水との化学反応を避けるために十分安定でなければならない。加水分解安定度を測定するために、二種類の試験が開発されている。
【0051】
第一の試験では、3%の水をメスシリンダーの中で、完全配合した潤滑剤と手動で混ぜ合わせる。油と水の入ったシリンダーを室温で10日間放置する。10日後、油の様相および水と反応した部分の添加剤を目で見ることにより混合物を視覚的に検査する。この部分は1mL以下でなければならず、また潤滑剤は曇りやゲルが生成していない透明な状態でなければならない。
【0052】
第二の試験では、0.5%の水をシリンダー中で、完全配合した潤滑剤と機械的に撹拌棒を用いて混ぜ合わせる。そして、このシリンダーを60℃で1ヶ月間放置する。その後、油の様相およびシリンダーの底の堆積物を目で見ることにより混合物を視覚的に検査する。シリンダーの底が油と水の乳濁液で覆われているだけであれば、その結果は許容範囲にある。シリンダーの底に堆積物が0.5mLより多く生成していれば、油と水の間で反応が起こっており、その結果はもはや許容範囲にはない。
【0053】
[実施例1]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 60.55%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 15.14%
Mw950のポリイソブテン、無水コハク酸、そして
ペンタエリトリトールの反応生成物 6.06%
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート 8.48%
ペンタエリトリトールモノオレート 6.06%
2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体 2.42%
ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体(N,N−ビス(2−エチル
ヘキシル)−4−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−
1−メチルアミンと、N,N−ビス(2−エチルヘキ
シル)−5−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−
メチルアミンの混合物) 1.21%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.08%
【0054】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ95%と100N鉱油5%を含む濃縮物 8.7%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 9.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油65%と600N鉱物基油35%の混合物 82.1%
【0055】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.8cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は45000cPであった。
【0056】
上記のパッケージは、3%の水をパッケージに加えた場合でも、室温(22℃および60℃)では水とごく僅かにしか反応せず、良好な油−水分離を示した。水と油との界面には若干の堆積物があったが、それは本質的に水と油との乳濁液によるものであった。これの性能については、前述の方法を用いて評価した。
【0057】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は1mL未満であり、遊離水は2mLであり、そして油の様相は極めて透明であった。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、底が油/水乳濁液でおおわれたが、油の様相は透明であった。
【0058】
〈歯車損傷防止〉
上記パッケージは、凝着摩耗およびアブレシブ摩耗に対して歯車の歯への非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この歯車損傷防止については、工業的によく知られている下記試験により評価した。
【0059】
〈FZG試験装置(CECL−07−A−95)〉
酸化(CECL−48−A−95酸化法、160℃で192時間)の後もこの防止は有効であった。
その結果は以下の通りであった。
・CECL−07−A−95:合格12
・CECL−07−A−95、倍速:合格12
・CECL−07−A−95、160℃で192時間CECL−48−A− 95酸化後:損傷荷重段階=10
【0060】
〈APIL−37法〉
【0061】
【表1】
【0062】
〈表面疲労防止〉
上記パッケージは、表面疲労(ピッチング)に対して歯車歯の有効な保護をもたらした。ピッチング防止は、90℃でのFZGCピッチング試験運転により評価した。この試験は工業的によく知られている。
FZGC/8.3/90/1530の結果は以下の通りであった。
1回目の試験:231時間
2回目の試験:343時間
3回目の試験:196時間
【0063】
〈シンクロメッシュ耐久性〉
上記パッケージは、摩耗に対してシンクロナイザ・リングの有効な保護をもたらした。上記パッケージのシンクロメッシュ耐久性能は、アウディB80のブラスシンクロナイザを用いてFZGSSP180法により測定した。この方法は、通常の持続時間の2倍で実施した。大荷重のトラックに一般的に使用されているMo/鋼シンクロナイザの保護は、ZFシンクロメッシュ法により評価した。
【0064】
【表2】
【0065】
〈酸化安定性〉
上記パッケージは、酸化反応に対して鉱物潤滑剤の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この事実は、160℃で192時間のCECL−48−A−95酸化試験運転、およびAPIL−60−1酸化試験により評価した。
【0066】
【表3】
【0067】
[実施例2]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 43.92%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 28.54%
Mw950のポリイソブテン、無水コハク酸、そして
ペンタエリトリトールの反応生成物 10.98%
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート 7.69%
ペンタエリトリトールモノオレート 5.49%
2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体 3.29%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.09%
【0068】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ94%と100N鉱油6%を含む濃縮物 9.7%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 9.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油65%と600N鉱物基油35%の混合物 81.1%
【0069】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.8cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は45000cPであった。
【0070】
上記のパッケージは、3%の水をパッケージに加えた場合でも、環境温度(22℃および60℃)では水とごく僅かにしか反応せず、良好な油−水分離を示した。水と油との界面には若干の堆積物があったが、それは本質的に水と油の乳濁液によるものであった。この性能については、前述の方法を用いて評価した。
【0071】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は1mLであり、遊離水は2mLであり、そして油の様相は透明であった。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、底が油/水乳濁液でおおわれたが、油の様相は透明であった。
【0072】
〈歯車損傷防止〉
上記パッケージは、凝着摩耗およびアブレシブ摩耗に対して歯車歯の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この歯車損傷防止については、工業的によく知られている下記試験により評価した。
FZG試験装置、CECL−07−A−95の結果:合格12
【0073】
〈シンクロメッシュ耐久性〉
上記パッケージは、摩耗に対してシンクロナイザ・リングの有効な保護をもたらした。上記パッケージのシンクロメッシュ耐久性能は、アウディB80のブラスシンクロナイザを用いてFZGSSP180法により測定した。
【0074】
【表4】
【0075】
〈酸化安定性:〉
上記パッケージは、酸化反応に対して鉱物潤滑剤の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この事実は、160℃で192時間のCECL−48−A−95酸化試験運転、およびAPIL−60−1酸化試験により評価した。
【0076】
【表5】
【0077】
[実施例3]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 65.72%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 16.44%
Mw950のポリイソブテン、無水コハク酸、そして
ペンタエリトリトールの反応生成物 6.57%
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート 9.20%
2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体 1.31%
ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体(N,N−ビス(2−エチル
ヘキシル)−4−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−
1−メチルアミンと、N,N−ビス(2−エチルヘキ
シル)−5−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−
メチルアミンの混合物) 0.66%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.10%
【0078】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ95%と100N鉱油5%を含む濃縮物 8.0%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 9.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油65%と600N鉱物基油35%の混合物 82.8%
【0079】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.8cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は45000cPであった。
【0080】
上記のパッケージは、3%の水をパッケージに加えた場合でも、環境温度(22℃および60℃)では水とごく僅かにしか反応せず、良好な油−水分離を示した。水と油との界面には若干の堆積物があったが、それは本質的に水と油の乳濁液によるものであった。この性能については、前述の方法により評価した。
【0081】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は1mLであり、遊離水は2mLであり、そして油の様相は極めて透明であった。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、底が油/水乳濁液でおおわれたが、油の様相は透明であった。
【0082】
[実施例4]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 56.45%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 22.58%
Mw950のポリイソブテン、無水コハク酸、そして
ペンタエリトリトールの反応生成物 5.65%
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート 7.90%
ペンタエリトリトールモノオレート 5.65%
2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体 1.13%
ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体(N,N−ビス(2−エチル
ヘキシル)−4−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−
1−メチルアミンと、N,N−ビス(2−エチルヘキ
シル)−5−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−
メチルアミンの混合物) 0.57%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.07%
【0083】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ95%と100N鉱油5%を含む濃縮物 9.3%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 9.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油65%と600N鉱物基油35%の混合物 81.5%
【0084】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.8cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は45000cPであった。
【0085】
上記のパッケージは、3%の水をパッケージに加えた場合でも、環境温度(22℃および60℃)では水とごく僅かにしか反応せず、良好な油−水分離を示した。水と油の界面には若干の堆積物があったが、それは本質的に水と油の乳濁液によるものであった。この性能については、前述の方法により評価した。
【0086】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は1mL未満であり、遊離水は2mLであり、そして油の様相は透明であった。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、底が油/水乳濁液でおおわれたが、油の様相は透明であった。
【0087】
〈歯車損傷防止〉
上記パッケージは、凝着摩耗およびアブレシブ摩耗に対して歯車歯の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この歯車損傷防止については、工業的によく知られている下記試験により評価した。
FZG試験装置、CECL−07−A−95の結果:合格12
【0088】
〈表面疲労防止〉
上記パッケージは、表面疲労(ピッチング)に対して歯車歯の有効な保護をもたらした。ピッチング防止は、90℃でのFZGCピッチング試験運転により評価した。この試験は工業的によく知られている。
FZGC/8.3/90/1530の結果は以下の通りであった。
1回目の試験:266時間
2回目の試験:343時間
3回目の試験:175時間
【0089】
〈シンクロメッシュ耐久性〉
上記パッケージは、摩耗に対してシンクロナイザ・リングの有効な保護をもたらした。上記パッケージのシンクロメッシュ耐久性能は、アウディB80のブラスシンクロナイザを用いてFZGSSP180法により測定した。この方法は、通常の持続時間の2倍で実施した。しばしば大荷重のトラックに使用されているMo/鋼シンクロナイザの保護は、ZFシンクロメッシュ法により評価した。
【0090】
【表6】
【0091】
〈酸化安定性〉
上記パッケージは、酸化反応に対して鉱物潤滑剤の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この事実は、160℃で192時間のCECL−48−A−95酸化試験運転により評価した。
【0092】
【表7】
【0093】
[実施例5]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 60.55%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 15.14%
Mw950のポリイソブテン、無水コハク酸、そして
ペンタエリトリトールの反応生成物 6.06%
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート 8.48%
トリキシレニルホスフェート 6.06%
2,5−ジメルカプト−1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体 2.42%
ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体(N,N−ビス(2−エチル
ヘキシル)−4−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−
1−メチルアミンと、N,N−ビス(2−エチルヘキ
シル)−5−メチル−1H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−
メチルアミンの混合物) 1.21%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.08%
【0094】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ95%と100N鉱油5%を含む濃縮物 8.7%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 9.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油65%と600N鉱物基油35%の混合物 82.1%
【0095】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.8cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は45000cPであった。
【0096】
上記のパッケージは、3%の水をパッケージに加えた場合でも、環境温度(22℃および60℃)では水とごく僅かにしか反応せず、良好な油−水分離を示した。水と油の界面には若干の堆積物があったが、それは本質的に水と油の乳濁液によるものであった。この性能については、前述の方法により評価した。
【0097】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は1mL未満であり、遊離水は2mLであり、そして油の様相は極めて透明であった。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、底が油/水乳濁液でおおわれたが、油の様相は透明であった。
【0098】
〈歯車損傷防止〉
上記パッケージは、凝着摩耗およびアブレシブ摩耗に対して歯車歯の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この歯車損傷防止については、工業的によく知られている下記試験により評価した。
FZG試験装置、CECL−07−A−95、倍速の結果:合格12
【0099】
〈シンクロメッシュ耐久性〉
上記パッケージは、摩耗に対してシンクロナイザ・リングの有効な保護をもたらした。上記パッケージのシンクロメッシュ耐久性能は、アウディB80のブラスシンクロナイザを用いてFZGSSP180法により測定した。この方法は、通常の持続時間の2倍で実施した。
【0100】
【表8】
【0101】
〈酸化安定性〉
上記パッケージは、酸化反応に対して鉱物潤滑剤の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この事実は、160℃で192時間のCECL−48−A−95酸化試験運転により評価した。
【0102】
【表9】
【0103】
[実施例6]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 59.94%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 13.32%
Mw950のポリイソブテン、無水コハク酸、そして
ペンタエリトリトールの反応生成物 13.32%
過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート 6.66%
ペンタエリトリトールモノオレート 6.66%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.10%
【0104】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ94%と100N鉱油6%を含む濃縮物 8.0%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 5.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油65%と600N鉱物基油35%の混合物 86.8%
【0105】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.2cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は60000cPであった。
【0106】
上記のパッケージは、3%の水をパッケージに加えた場合でも、環境(22℃および60℃)では水とごく僅かにしか反応せず、良好な油−水分離を示した。水と油の界面には若干の堆積物があったが、それは本質的に水と油の乳濁液によるものであった。この性能については、前述の方法により評価した。
【0107】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は1mLであり、遊離水は2mLであり、そして油の様相は極めて透明であった。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、底が油/水乳濁液でおおわれたが、油の様相は透明であった。
【0108】
〈歯車損傷防止〉
上記パッケージは、凝着摩耗およびアブレシブ摩耗に対して歯車歯の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この歯車損傷防止については、工業的によく知られている下記試験により評価した。
【0109】
【表10】
【0110】
〈シンクロメッシュ耐久性〉
上記パッケージは、摩耗に対してシンクロナイザ・リングの有効な保護をもたらした。上記パッケージのシンクロメッシュ耐久性能は、ZFシンクロメッシュ法により評価した。
【0111】
【表11】
【0112】
〈酸化安定性〉
上記パッケージは、酸化反応に対して鉱物潤滑剤の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この事実は、160℃で192時間のCECL−48−A−95酸化試験運転、およびAPIL−60−1酸化試験により評価した。
【0113】
【表12】
【0114】
上述した実施例は、以下の比較例と比べて改善されていた。
【0115】
[比較例A]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 57.09%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 21.40%
第一級アルコール亜鉛ジチオホスフェート 4.28%
高分子量置換イミダゾリン 7.14%
低過塩基性アルキルカルシウムスルホネート 9.99%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.10%
【0116】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ95%と100N鉱油5%を含む濃縮物 7.4%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 5.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油55%と600N鉱物基油45%の混合物 87.4%
【0117】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.2cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は60000cPであった。
【0118】
〈加水分解安定性〉
上記のパッケージは、室温22℃および60℃で水と大きく反応して不十分な油−水分離を示した。水と油の界面には多量の堆積物があり、それは本質的に添加剤の化合物と水の反応によるものであった。これの性能については、前述の自社方法を用いて評価した。
【0119】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は4mLであり、遊離水は0mLであり、そして油の様相は極めて濁っていた。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、堆積物は50mLであった。
【0120】
〈歯車損傷防止〉
上記パッケージは、凝着摩耗およびアブレシブ摩耗に対して歯車歯の非常に有効な保護をもたらした。この歯車損傷防止については、工業的によく知られている下記試験により評価した。
FZG試験装置、CECL−07−A−95:合格12
【0121】
[比較例B]
添加剤パッケージには、以下の化合物を含有させた。
三ホウ酸カリウム 50.59%
硫黄44%を含む三硫化ジ−t−ブチル 18.97%
Mw950のポリイソブテン、無水コハク酸、そして
ペンタエリトリトールの反応生成物 12.65%
第一級アルコール亜鉛ジチオホスフェート 2.53%
高分子量置換イミダゾリン 6.32%
高過塩基性アルキルカルシウムスルホネート 8.85%
シリコーン含有消泡剤 0.09%
【0122】
潤滑剤には以下の物質を含有させた。
上記添加剤パッケージ95%と100N鉱油5%を含む濃縮物 8.3%
ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤 5.0%
ポリメタクリレート型流動点降下剤 0.2%
90N鉱物基油55%と600N鉱物基油45%の混合物 86.5%
【0123】
SAEグレードは75W−80Wであり、100℃の動粘度は約7.2cStであり、そして−40℃の絶対粘度は60000cPであった。
【0124】
〈加水分解安定性〉
上記のパッケージは、環境温度(22℃および60℃)で水と大きく反応して不十分な油−水分離を示した。水と油の界面には多量の堆積物があり、それは本質的に添加剤の化合物と水の反応によるものであった。これの性能については、前述の自社方法を用いて評価した。
【0125】
第一試験(3%の水、油を室温で放置)では、堆積物は1.5mLであり、遊離水は0mLであり、そして油の様相は極めて濁っていた。
第二試験(0.5%の水、油を60℃で放置)では、堆積物は8mLであり、油の様相は極めて濁っていた。
【0126】
〈シンクロメッシュ耐久性〉
上記パッケージは、摩耗に対してシンクロナイザ・リングの有効な保護をもたらした。上記パッケージのシンクロメッシュ耐久性能は、アウディB80のブラスシンクロナイザを用いてFZGSSP180法により測定した。この方法は、通常の持続時間の2倍で実施した。大荷重のトラックに一般的に使用されているMo/鋼シンクロナイザの保護は、ZFシンクロメッシュ法により評価した。
【0127】
【表13】
【0128】
本発明について特定の態様に言及して述べたが、本出願は、添付した特許請求の真意および範囲から逸脱することなく当該分野の熟練者によってなされうる各種の変更や置き換えを包含するものである。
【0129】
【発明の効果】
本発明の極圧添加剤は、耐水安定性、酸化抑制性、高いシンクロメッシュ耐久性能、および手動変速機ギヤボックスにおける潤滑油の歯車保護を向上させることができる。また、この極圧添加剤を含む潤滑剤は、歯車損傷を防ぎ、疲労から歯車を守り、そして高いシンクロメッシュ耐久性を保ちながら、耐加水分解安定性を高めることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to extreme pressure (EP) additives for lubricating oils. In particular, the present invention is a lubricant (preferably phosphorus-free) for a manual transmission gearbox containing potassium triborate, which has excellent gear damage prevention, high synchromesh (synchronous mesh) durability, and The present invention relates to a lubricant having excellent water stability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
High load conditions often occur in automotive transmission differentials, pneumatic tools, gas compressors, high pressure hydraulic systems, gear assemblies used in metalworking and similar equipment, and many types of bearings Yes. In order to avoid the undesired results that occur when using unformulated oils under these high load conditions, EP agents are blended in lubricants for use in such applications. EP agents are mostly organic or metal organic compounds that are oil-soluble or that can be easily added to oil as a stable dispersion.
[0003]
Alkali metal borates have utility as antiwear and extreme pressure agents and are well known industrially. When water is mixed in the lubricant, the additive containing an alkali metal borate may not be stable to hydrolysis. Alkali metal borates themselves are not very unstable in the presence of water, but other components of the additive package, such as friction modifiers, antiwear agents, and metal deactivators, can improve the hydrolytic stability of the lubricant. make worse.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant having improved stability against hydrolysis while preventing gear damage, protecting the gear from fatigue, and maintaining high synchromesh (synchronous mesh) durability. This last property is most important for manual transmission fluids.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides an extreme pressure additive that can improve water stability, oxidation control, high synchromesh durability, and gear protection of lubricating oil in a manual transmission gearbox.The extreme pressure additive of the present invention is an extreme pressure additive composition comprising the following components (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as an extreme pressure additive)..
(A) 40-66% by weight potassium triborate;
(B) 12-30 wt% di-t-butyl trisulfide;
(C) the reaction product of 5 to 15% by weight of pentaerythritol and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride; and
(D) 5-10% by weight of overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate.
(However, the weight percentages of the components (a), (b), (c) and (d) are all weight percentages based on the weight of the extreme pressure additive composition.).
[0009]
The extreme pressure additive also preferably contains no more than 20% fatty acid ester of polyol, more preferably pentaerythritol monooleate present at a level of 5-10%.
[0010]
In some embodiments, the extreme pressure additive also contains no more than 20% alkyl-substituted phenyl phosphate, no more than 7% at least one metal deactivator, and no more than 0.1% antifoaming agent.
[0011]
The alkyl substituted phenyl phosphate is preferably trixylenyl phosphate present at a level of 5-10%.
Preferably, at least one metal deactivator is used, more preferably two or more metal deactivators are used. For example, both 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and benzotriazole derivatives can be used.
[0012]
Extreme pressure additives can be used as a lubricating oil composition together with a base oil of lubricating viscosity. The lubricating oil composition can also include a viscosity index improver and a pour point depressant. By adding the lubricating oil to the manual transmission gearbox, high synchromesh durability performance and gearbox gear protection can be improved.
[0013]
Extreme pressure additives can also be used in concentrates consisting of compatible organic liquid diluents and extreme pressure additives.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Of the present inventionThe extreme pressure additive composition comprises a specific range of amounts of potassium triborate, di-t-butyl trisulfide, the reaction product of pentaerythritol and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, and an overbased alkyl sulfide. Contains salicylate. Preferably, the extreme pressure additive may further contain a fatty acid ester of a polyol. In some embodiments, the extreme pressure additive can further contain an alkyl-substituted phenyl phosphate, at least one metal deactivator, and an antifoaming agent.
[0015]
By adding a lubricating oil composition with improved water stability and oxidation inhibition to a manual transmission gearbox, high synchromesh durability and gearbox gear protection can be imparted. The lubricating oil composition comprises a base oil having a lubricating viscosity and the above extreme pressure additive.
[0016]
In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, all percentages (%) are weight percentages (weight%) of each additive (values calculated without adding diluent oil), and all ratios are molar ratios.
[0017]
Of the present inventionExtreme pressure additiveCompositionOne method of preparing consists of mixing the following compounds together:
(A) 40-66weight% Potassium triborate;
(B) 12 ~30 weight% Di-tert-butyl trisulfide;
(C) 5-15weightProduct of% pentaerythritol and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride;
(D) 5-10weight%ofOverbasedSulfurized alkyl salicylates;
(E) 5-10weight% Pentaerythritol monooleate;
(F) 5-10weight% Trixylenyl phosphate;
(G) 1-3weight% 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole;
(H) 0.5-1.5weight% Benzotriazole derivatives; and
(I) 0.1weight% Antifoam.
[0018]
The additive produced by the above method may have a slightly different composition from the initial mixture due to the interaction of the components. Each component may be mixed in any order, and may be mixed after combining arbitrary components in advance.
[0019]
[Potassium triborate]
In the present invention, additivesCompositionContains 40-66% potassium triborate.
[0020]
Potassium triborateAre well known in the art and are commercially available. SuitablePotassium triborateAs typical patents disclosing the manufacturing method, US Pat. Nos. 3,313,727, 3,819,521, 3,853,772, 3,907,601, 3, Nos. 997,454 and 4,089,790. Particularly preferred is hydrated potassium triborate having a boron / potassium molar ratio of about 2.5 to 4.5. Generally at least 90%Potassium triborateThe particle size of the particles is less than 0.39 μm.
[0021]
Potassium triborateIs used to protect the gears from wear (scoring, pitching, ridged, lip ring), provide the maximum coefficient of friction, and protect the synchronizer ring from wear.
[0022]
[Di-t-butyl trisulfide]
In the present invention, additivesCompositionIs 12 ~30% (preferably 12-25%)Of di-t-butyl trisulfide.
[0025]
Di-t-butyl trisulfideIs added to the formulation to impart extreme pressure properties that protect the gears from damage.
[0026]
[Reaction product of pentaerythritol with polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride]
The reaction product of pentaerythritol and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride is preferably present at a level of 5-15%.
[0027]
Methods for synthesizing alkenyl or alkyl substituted succinic anhydrides involving the reaction of polyolefins with maleic anhydride are already known in the art. In the case of the compounds described in the present invention, the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the alkenyl or alkyl group is preferably 500 to 2500, and the Mw / Mn ratio is preferably 1 to 500. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the succinic anhydride reactant is preferably a polymerized isobutene having a Mn of 500-1500. Most preferred is polymerized isobutene having a Mn of 850 to 1200. A process for producing polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride is described in US Pat. No. 3,381,022. Alkyl substituted succinic anhydrides react with polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol. A preferred aliphatic polyhydric alcohol is pentaerythritol.
[0028]
[Overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylates]
The overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate (or salicylate) is preferably present at a level of 5-10%. The salicylate moiety is preferably a single aromatic ring alkyl salicylate and is described in European Patent Application EP 0 786 448 A2.
[0029]
The alkylphenols used to synthesize overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylates contain up to 85% linear alkylphenols in admixture with at least 15% branched alkylphenols, Alkyl groups contain at least 9 carbon atoms. Preferably, these alkylphenols contain 35-85% linear alkylphenols in admixture with 15-65% branched alkylphenols. The ratio of branched chain to straight chain alkylphenol is a weight ratio. The straight chain alkyl group preferably contains 12 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 18 to 30 carbon atoms. Also, the branched alkyl group contains at least 9 carbon atoms, preferably 9-24 carbon atoms, more preferably 10-15 carbon atoms.
[0030]
The above compounds are used to increase stability to hydrolysis and to improve thermal stability and inhibition of oxidation.
[0031]
[Fatty acid ester of polyol]
If a fatty acid ester of a polyol is used, the ester is used at a level of 20% or less. Preferred is pentaerythritol monooleate present at a level of 5-10%.
[0032]
Esters useful in the present invention are oil-soluble and have the formula: R—COOH, where R is alkyl or alkenyl.8~ Ctwenty twoIt is preferably synthesized from these fatty acids. Particularly preferred esters are oleic acid (C16-18And C18Of unsaturated oleic acid).
Esters are synthesized from the above fatty acids and polyols such as pentaerythritol, glycerol and sorbitol.
[0033]
The above ester compounds are used to give good friction properties, give particularly good synchronization (synchronized state) and increase stability against hydrolysis.
[0034]
[Alkyl-substituted phenyl phosphate]
When alkyl-substituted phenyl phosphate is used, the compound is used at a level of 20% or less. Preferred is trixylenyl phosphate present at a level of 5-10%. The phenol derivative used to obtain this phosphate may be cresol, xylenol or tributylphenol.
[0035]
The above compounds are used for their antiwear properties, in particular for the protection of synchronizer rings.
[0036]
[Metal deactivator]
If a metal deactivator is used, the compound is used at a level of 7% or less. Preference is given to a mixture of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative and benzotriazole. The 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative is present at a level of 3.5% or less (preferably 1 to 3%). Benzotriazole is present at a level of 3.5% or less (preferably 0.5-1.5%).
[0037]
The 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative has the following formula: In the following formula, X represents an R—S or R—S—S group (where R represents an alkyl group).
[0038]
[Chemical 1]
[0039]
The 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative is used as a metal deactivator for preventing copper plate corrosion and as an extreme pressure agent.
[0040]
The benzotriazole derivatives include N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine and N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole A mixture of -1-methylamine. If desired, the benzotriazole derivative can be replaced with a toltriazole derivative.
[0041]
The benzotriazole derivative is used as a metal deactivator for preventing corrosion of the copper plate.
[0042]
[Defoaming agent]
When an antifoaming agent (antifoaming agent) is used, the antifoaming agent is used at a level of 0.1% or less. Preferably, the antifoam agent contains about 3.5% silicone.
[0043]
[Lubricating oil composition]
The additive produced by the method of the present invention is useful for improving the water stability and oxidation inhibition of the lubricating oil composition. When used for such purposes, the amount of additive is in the range of about 0.5-40% of the total lubricating oil composition, but is preferably in the range of about 1-25% of the total lubricating oil composition.
[0044]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises a base oil having a lubricating viscosity and the extreme pressure additive of the present invention. The lubricating oil composition can also contain a viscosity index improver and a pour point depressant.
Examples of well known viscosity index improvers include polymethacrylate type polymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, hydrated styrene-isoprene copolymers, polyisobutylene, and dispersant type viscosity index improvers. it can.
An example of a well-known pour point depressant is polymethyl methacrylate.
[0045]
The oil of lubricating viscosity in which the extreme pressure additive is dispersed may be any liquid as long as it is inert (particularly non-saponifiable) under the reaction conditions and has a low dielectric constant and has a lubricating viscosity. Liquids of lubricating viscosity generally have a Saybolt universal viscosity (SUS) at 100 # F (38 ° C.) of 35 to 50,000 seconds. The liquid medium or oil can be derived from natural or synthetic raw materials. Natural hydrocarbon oils include paraffinic base oils, naphthenic base oils, and mixed base oils. Synthetic oils include polymers of various olefins (generally having 2 to 6 carbon atoms), alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like. Non-hydrocarbon oils include polyalkylene oxides such as polyethylene oxide, aromatic ethers, and silicones. Preferred media are natural and synthetic hydrocarbon oils. Among the hydrocarbon-based oils, those having SAE viscosity numbers of 5 to 20 W and 20 to 250 W are preferable, and those having an SAE viscosity number of 75 to 250 W are particularly preferable.
[0046]
The content of oil of lubricating viscosity in the lubricating oil composition is determined depending on the concentration of other components. Lubricating oils are prepared considering the balance of the composition after the borates, antiwear agents, organosulfur compound concentrations and other desired additives are identified.
[0047]
[Additive concentrate]
Additive concentrates are also encompassed by the claims of the present invention. The concentrate of the present invention contains a sufficient amount of organic diluent to facilitate handling during transportation and storage.
[0048]
Suitable organic diluents that can be used include, for example, purified 100N solvent, ie, Cit-Con 100N, and water treated 100N, ie, RLOP100N. The organic diluent preferably has a viscosity at 100 ° C. of about 1-20 cSt. Preferably, the concentrate is prepared with less than 10% organic diluent.
[0049]
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. These examples show particularly advantageous process embodiments. In addition, an Example is for demonstrating this invention, and this invention is not limited by it.
[0050]
【Example】
[Hydrolysis stability test]
The purpose of the hydrolysis stability test is to assess the stability of the fully formulated lubricant to hydrolysis. When washing a car, up to 3% of water can accidentally enter the gearbox. The additive must be sufficiently stable to avoid chemical reaction with water. Two types of tests have been developed to measure hydrolysis stability.
[0051]
In the first test, 3% water is manually mixed with a fully formulated lubricant in a graduated cylinder. Leave the oil and water cylinder at room temperature for 10 days. After 10 days, the mixture is visually inspected by visual inspection of the oil appearance and the part of the additive that has reacted with water. This part must be less than 1 mL and the lubricant must be in a clear state with no haze or gel.
[0052]
In the second test, 0.5% water is mechanically mixed in a cylinder with a fully formulated lubricant using a stir bar. Then, this cylinder is left at 60 ° C. for one month. The mixture is then visually inspected by visual inspection of the oil appearance and the bottom sediment of the cylinder. If the bottom of the cylinder is only covered with an oil and water emulsion, the result is acceptable. If more than 0.5 mL of deposit is produced at the bottom of the cylinder, the reaction has occurred between oil and water and the result is no longer acceptable.
[0053]
[Example 1]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 60.55%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 15.14%
Mw 950 polyisobutene, succinic anhydride, and
Reaction product of pentaerythritol 6.06%
Overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate 8.48%
Pentaerythritol monooleate 6.06%
2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 2.42%
Benzotriazole derivatives (N, N-bis (2-ethyl
(Hexyl) -4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-
1-methylamine and N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl)
Sil) -5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-
Methylamine mixture) 1.21%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.08%
[0054]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
8.7% concentrate containing 95% additive package and 5% 100N mineral oil
Polymethacrylate viscosity index improver 9.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 65% 90N mineral base oil and 35% 600N mineral base oil 82.1%
[0055]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.8 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 45000 cP.
[0056]
The above package reacted very slightly with water at room temperature (22 ° C. and 60 ° C.) even when 3% water was added to the package, indicating good oil-water separation. There was some sediment at the water-oil interface, which was essentially due to the water-oil emulsion. The performance of this was evaluated using the method described above.
[0057]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was less than 1 mL, the free water was 2 mL, and the oil appearance was very clear.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the bottom was covered with an oil / water emulsion, but the oil appearance was clear.
[0058]
<Gear damage prevention>
The package provided very effective protection to the gear teeth against adhesive and abrasive wear. This gear damage prevention was evaluated by the following tests well known in the industry.
[0059]
<FZG test equipment (CECL-07-A-95)>
This prevention was effective even after oxidation (CECL-48-A-95 oxidation method, 192 hours at 160 ° C.).
The results were as follows.
-CECL-07-A-95: Pass 12
-CECL-07-A-95, double speed: Pass 12
CECL-07-A-95, 192 hours at 160 ° C. After CECL-48-A-95 oxidation: Damage load stage = 10
[0060]
<APIL-37 method>
[0061]
[Table 1]
[0062]
<Prevention of surface fatigue>
The package provided effective protection of the gear teeth against surface fatigue (pitting). Pitching prevention was evaluated by FZGC pitching test operation at 90 ° C. This test is well known in the industry.
The results of FZGC / 8.3 / 90/1530 were as follows.
First test: 231 hours
Second test: 343 hours
Third test: 196 hours
[0063]
<Synchromesh durability>
The package provided effective protection of the synchronizer ring against wear. The synchromesh durability performance of the above package was measured by the FZGSSP180 method using an Audi B80 brass synchronizer. This method was performed at twice the normal duration. The protection of Mo / steel synchronizers commonly used for heavy-duty trucks was evaluated by the ZF synchromesh method.
[0064]
[Table 2]
[0065]
<Oxidation stability>
The package provided very effective protection of the mineral lubricant against oxidation reactions. This fact was evaluated by the CECL-48-A-95 oxidation test run at 160 ° C. for 192 hours and the APIL-60-1 oxidation test.
[0066]
[Table 3]
[0067]
[Example 2]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 43.92%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 28.54%
Mw 950 polyisobutene, succinic anhydride, and
Reaction product of pentaerythritol 10.98%
Overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate 7.69%
Pentaerythritol monooleate 5.49%
2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 3.29%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.09%
[0068]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
9.7% concentrate containing 94% additive package and 6% 100N mineral oil
Polymethacrylate viscosity index improver 9.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 90% mineral base oil 65% and 600N mineral base oil 35% 81.1%
[0069]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.8 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 45000 cP.
[0070]
Even when 3% water was added to the package, the above package reacted very slightly with water at ambient temperatures (22 ° C. and 60 ° C.) and showed good oil-water separation. There was some sediment at the water-oil interface, which was essentially due to the water-oil emulsion. This performance was evaluated using the method described above.
[0071]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was 1 mL, free water was 2 mL, and the oil appearance was clear.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the bottom was covered with an oil / water emulsion, but the oil appearance was clear.
[0072]
<Gear damage prevention>
The package provided very effective protection of the gear teeth against adhesive and abrasive wear. This gear damage prevention was evaluated by the following tests well known in the industry.
Result of FZG test equipment, CECL-07-A-95: Pass 12
[0073]
<Synchromesh durability>
The package provided effective protection of the synchronizer ring against wear. The synchromesh durability performance of the above package was measured by the FZGSSP180 method using an Audi B80 brass synchronizer.
[0074]
[Table 4]
[0075]
<Oxidation stability:>
The package provided very effective protection of the mineral lubricant against oxidation reactions. This fact was evaluated by the CECL-48-A-95 oxidation test run at 160 ° C. for 192 hours and the APIL-60-1 oxidation test.
[0076]
[Table 5]
[0077]
[Example 3]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 65.72%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 16.44%
Mw 950 polyisobutene, succinic anhydride, and
Reaction product of pentaerythritol 6.57%
Overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate 9.20%
2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 1.31%
Benzotriazole derivatives (N, N-bis (2-ethyl
(Hexyl) -4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-
1-methylamine and N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl)
Sil) -5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-
Methylamine mixture) 0.66%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.10%
[0078]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
Concentrate containing 95% of the additive package and 5% of 100N mineral oil 8.0%
Polymethacrylate viscosity index improver 9.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 65% 90N mineral base oil and 35% 600N mineral base oil 82.8%
[0079]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.8 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 45000 cP.
[0080]
Even when 3% water was added to the package, the above package reacted very slightly with water at ambient temperatures (22 ° C. and 60 ° C.) and showed good oil-water separation. There was some sediment at the water-oil interface, which was essentially due to the water-oil emulsion. This performance was evaluated by the method described above.
[0081]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was 1 mL, the free water was 2 mL, and the oil appearance was very clear.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the bottom was covered with an oil / water emulsion, but the oil appearance was clear.
[0082]
[Example 4]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 56.45%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 22.58%
Mw 950 polyisobutene, succinic anhydride, and
Reaction product of pentaerythritol 5.65%
Overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate 7.90%
Pentaerythritol monooleate 5.65%
2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 1.13%
Benzotriazole derivatives (N, N-bis (2-ethyl
(Hexyl) -4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-
1-methylamine and N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl)
Sil) -5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-
Methylamine mixture) 0.57%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.07%
[0083]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
Concentrate containing 95% of the above additive package and 5% of 100N mineral oil 9.3%
Polymethacrylate viscosity index improver 9.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 90% mineral base oil 65% and 600N mineral base oil 35% 81.5%
[0084]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.8 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 45000 cP.
[0085]
Even when 3% water was added to the package, the above package reacted very slightly with water at ambient temperatures (22 ° C. and 60 ° C.) and showed good oil-water separation. There was some sediment at the water-oil interface, which was essentially due to the water-oil emulsion. This performance was evaluated by the method described above.
[0086]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was less than 1 mL, the free water was 2 mL, and the oil appearance was clear.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the bottom was covered with an oil / water emulsion, but the oil appearance was clear.
[0087]
<Gear damage prevention>
The package provided very effective protection of the gear teeth against adhesive and abrasive wear. This gear damage prevention was evaluated by the following tests well known in the industry.
Result of FZG test equipment, CECL-07-A-95: Pass 12
[0088]
<Prevention of surface fatigue>
The package provided effective protection of the gear teeth against surface fatigue (pitting). Pitching prevention was evaluated by FZGC pitching test operation at 90 ° C. This test is well known in the industry.
The results of FZGC / 8.3 / 90/1530 were as follows.
First test: 266 hours
Second test: 343 hours
Third test: 175 hours
[0089]
<Synchromesh durability>
The package provided effective protection of the synchronizer ring against wear. The synchromesh durability performance of the above package was measured by the FZGSSP180 method using an Audi B80 brass synchronizer. This method was performed at twice the normal duration. The protection of Mo / steel synchronizers often used in heavy duty trucks was evaluated by the ZF synchromesh method.
[0090]
[Table 6]
[0091]
<Oxidation stability>
The package provided very effective protection of the mineral lubricant against oxidation reactions. This fact was evaluated by a CECL-48-A-95 oxidation test run at 160 ° C. for 192 hours.
[0092]
[Table 7]
[0093]
[Example 5]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 60.55%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 15.14%
Mw 950 polyisobutene, succinic anhydride, and
Reaction product of pentaerythritol 6.06%
Overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate 8.48%
Trixylenyl phosphate 6.06%
2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 2.42%
Benzotriazole derivatives (N, N-bis (2-ethyl
(Hexyl) -4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-
1-methylamine and N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl)
Sil) -5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-
Methylamine mixture) 1.21%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.08%
[0094]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
8.7% concentrate containing 95% additive package and 5% 100N mineral oil
Polymethacrylate viscosity index improver 9.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 65% 90N mineral base oil and 35% 600N mineral base oil 82.1%
[0095]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.8 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 45000 cP.
[0096]
Even when 3% water was added to the package, the above package reacted very slightly with water at ambient temperatures (22 ° C. and 60 ° C.) and showed good oil-water separation. There was some sediment at the water-oil interface, which was essentially due to the water-oil emulsion. This performance was evaluated by the method described above.
[0097]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was less than 1 mL, the free water was 2 mL, and the oil appearance was very clear.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the bottom was covered with an oil / water emulsion, but the oil appearance was clear.
[0098]
<Gear damage prevention>
The package provided very effective protection of the gear teeth against adhesive and abrasive wear. This gear damage prevention was evaluated by the following tests well known in the industry.
FZG test equipment, CECL-07-A-95, double speed result: Pass 12
[0099]
<Synchromesh durability>
The package provided effective protection of the synchronizer ring against wear. The synchromesh durability performance of the above package was measured by the FZGSSP180 method using an Audi B80 brass synchronizer. This method was performed at twice the normal duration.
[0100]
[Table 8]
[0101]
<Oxidation stability>
The package provided very effective protection of the mineral lubricant against oxidation reactions. This fact was evaluated by a CECL-48-A-95 oxidation test run at 160 ° C. for 192 hours.
[0102]
[Table 9]
[0103]
[Example 6]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 59.94%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 13.32%
Mw 950 polyisobutene, succinic anhydride, and
Reaction product of pentaerythritol 13.32%
Overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate 6.66%
Pentaerythritol monooleate 6.66%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.10%
[0104]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
Concentrate with 94% additive package and 6% 100N mineral oil 8.0%
Polymethacrylate type viscosity index improver 5.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 65% 90N mineral base oil and 35% 600N mineral base oil 86.8%
[0105]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.2 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 60000 cP.
[0106]
The above package showed very good oil-water separation with only a slight reaction with water in the environment (22 ° C. and 60 ° C.) even when 3% water was added to the package. There was some sediment at the water-oil interface, which was essentially due to the water-oil emulsion. This performance was evaluated by the method described above.
[0107]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was 1 mL, the free water was 2 mL, and the oil appearance was very clear.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the bottom was covered with an oil / water emulsion, but the oil appearance was clear.
[0108]
<Gear damage prevention>
The package provided very effective protection of the gear teeth against adhesive and abrasive wear. This gear damage prevention was evaluated by the following tests well known in the industry.
[0109]
[Table 10]
[0110]
<Synchromesh durability>
The package provided effective protection of the synchronizer ring against wear. The synchromesh durability performance of the package was evaluated by the ZF synchromesh method.
[0111]
[Table 11]
[0112]
<Oxidation stability>
The package provided very effective protection of the mineral lubricant against oxidation reactions. This fact was evaluated by the CECL-48-A-95 oxidation test run at 160 ° C. for 192 hours and the APIL-60-1 oxidation test.
[0113]
[Table 12]
[0114]
The embodiment described above was improved compared to the following comparative examples.
[0115]
[Comparative Example A]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 57.09%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 21.40%
Primary alcohol zinc dithiophosphate 4.28%
High molecular weight substituted imidazoline 7.14%
Low overbased alkyl calcium sulfonate 9.99%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.10%
[0116]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
Concentrate with 95% additive package and 5% 100N mineral oil 7.4%
Polymethacrylate type viscosity index improver 5.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 55% 90N mineral base oil and 45% 600N mineral base oil 87.4%
[0117]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.2 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 60000 cP.
[0118]
<Hydrolysis stability>
The above package reacted poorly with water at room temperature 22 ° C. and 60 ° C., indicating poor oil-water separation. There was a large amount of sediment at the water / oil interface, which was essentially due to the reaction of the additive compound with water. About this performance, it evaluated using the above-mentioned in-house method.
[0119]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was 4 mL, free water was 0 mL, and the oil appearance was very cloudy.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the deposit was 50 mL.
[0120]
<Gear damage prevention>
The package provided very effective protection of the gear teeth against adhesive and abrasive wear. This gear damage prevention was evaluated by the following tests well known in the industry.
FZG test equipment, CECL-07-A-95: Pass 12
[0121]
[Comparative Example B]
The additive package contained the following compounds:
Potassium triborate 50.59%
Di-tert-butyl trisulfide containing 44% sulfur 18.97%
Mw 950 polyisobutene, succinic anhydride, and
Reaction product of pentaerythritol 12.65%
Primary alcohol zinc dithiophosphate 2.53%
High molecular weight substituted imidazoline 6.32%
Highly overbased alkyl calcium sulfonate 8.85%
Antifoaming agent containing silicone 0.09%
[0122]
The lubricant contained the following substances.
Concentrate containing 95% additive package and 5% 100N mineral oil 8.3%
Polymethacrylate type viscosity index improver 5.0%
Polymethacrylate pour point depressant 0.2%
Mixture of 55% 90N mineral base oil and 45% 600N mineral base oil 86.5%
[0123]
The SAE grade was 75W-80W, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C was about 7.2 cSt, and the absolute viscosity at -40 ° C was 60000 cP.
[0124]
<Hydrolysis stability>
The package described above reacted poorly with water at ambient temperatures (22 ° C. and 60 ° C.), indicating poor oil-water separation. There was a large amount of sediment at the water / oil interface, which was essentially due to the reaction of the additive compound with water. About this performance, it evaluated using the above-mentioned in-house method.
[0125]
In the first test (3% water, oil left at room temperature), the deposit was 1.5 mL, free water was 0 mL, and the oil appearance was very cloudy.
In the second test (0.5% water, oil left at 60 ° C.), the deposit was 8 mL and the oil appearance was very turbid.
[0126]
<Synchromesh durability>
The package provided effective protection of the synchronizer ring against wear. The synchromesh durability performance of the above package was measured by the FZGSSP180 method using an Audi B80 brass synchronizer. This method was performed at twice the normal duration. The protection of Mo / steel synchronizers commonly used for heavy-duty trucks was evaluated by the ZF synchromesh method.
[0127]
[Table 13]
[0128]
While this invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this application is intended to cover various modifications and substitutions that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. .
[0129]
【The invention's effect】
The extreme pressure additive of the present invention can improve water resistance stability, oxidation inhibition, high synchromesh durability, and gear protection of lubricating oil in a manual transmission gearbox. In addition, the lubricant containing this extreme pressure additive can prevent damage to the gear, protect the gear from fatigue, and improve the hydrolysis resistance while maintaining high synchromesh durability.
Claims (10)
(a)40〜66重量%の三ホウ酸カリウム;
(b)12〜30重量%の三硫化ジ−t−ブチル;
(c)5〜15重量%のペンタエリトリトールとポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物との反応生成物;および
(d)5〜10%重量%の過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート、
ただし、上記成分(a)、(b)、(c)および(d)の重量%は全て、極圧添加剤組成物の重量を基準とした重量%である。Extreme pressure additive composition comprising the following components :
(A) 40-66% by weight potassium triborate;
(B) 12-30% by weight of di-t-butyl trisulfide;
(C) a reaction product of 5-15% by weight of pentaerythritol and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride; and (d) 5-10% by weight of an overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate ;
However, the weight percentages of the components (a), (b), (c) and (d) are all weight percentages based on the weight of the extreme pressure additive composition .
(e)20重量%以下の脂肪酸エステル、ただし成分(e)の重量%は極圧添加剤組成物の重量を基準とした重量%である。Furthermore extreme pressure additive composition according to claim 1 comprising the following components:
(E) 20% by weight or less of fatty acid ester , wherein the weight% of component (e) is weight% based on the weight of the extreme pressure additive composition .
(f)20重量%以下のアルキル置換フェニルホスフェート;
(g)7重量%以下の少なくとも一種類の金属不活性化剤;および
(h)0.1重量%以下の消泡剤、
ただし、上記成分(f)、(g)および(h)の重量%は全て、極圧添加剤組成物の重量を基準とした重量%である。The extreme pressure additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following components :
(F) 20 wt % or less alkyl-substituted phenyl phosphate;
(G) 7 wt % or less of at least one metal deactivator; and (h) 0.1 wt % or less of an antifoaming agent ,
However, the weight percentages of the components (f), (g) and (h) are all weight percentages based on the weight of the extreme pressure additive composition .
(a)40〜66重量%の三ホウ酸カリウム;
(b)12〜30重量%の三硫化ジ−t−ブチル;
(c)5〜15重量%のペンタエリトリトールとポリイソブテニルコハク酸無水物との反応生成物;および
(d)5〜10%重量%の過塩基性硫化アルキルサリチレート、
ただし、上記成分(a)、(b)、(c)および(d)の重量%は全て、極圧添加剤組成物の重量を基準とした重量%である。A method of producing an extreme pressure additive composition comprising mixing together the following ingredients :
(A) 40-66% by weight potassium triborate;
(B) 12-30% by weight of di-t-butyl trisulfide;
(C) a reaction product of 5-15% by weight of pentaerythritol and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride; and (d) 5-10% by weight of an overbased sulfurized alkyl salicylate ;
However, the weight percentages of the components (a), (b), (c) and (d) are all weight percentages based on the weight of the extreme pressure additive composition .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98401967.9 | 1998-07-31 | ||
EP98401967A EP0976813B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 1998-07-31 | Borate containing additive for manual transmission lubricant being stable to hydrolysis and providing high synchromesh durability |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000063870A JP2000063870A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
JP4460087B2 true JP4460087B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
Family
ID=8235461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP21762999A Expired - Lifetime JP4460087B2 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 1999-07-30 | Borate-containing additive for manual transmission lubricants that provides stable and high synchromesh durability against hydrolysis |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0976813B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4460087B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2273613C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69820429T2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG72973A1 (en) |
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JP2002003877A (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-09 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | Lubricating oil composition |
FR2818572B1 (en) † | 2000-12-22 | 2003-03-14 | Valeo | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A GEARBOX SYNCHRONIZATION RING, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
JP4673487B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2011-04-20 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition for metal belt type continuously variable transmission |
US6534450B1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-03-18 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Dispersed hydrated sodium borate compositions having improved properties in lubricating oil compositions |
US6632781B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-10-14 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricant composition comprising alkali metal borate dispersed in a polyalkylene succinic anhydride and a metal salt of a polyisobutenyl sulfonate |
US6617287B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2003-09-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Manual transmission lubricants with improved synchromesh performance |
EP1308496B1 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2006-06-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation (an Ohio corporation) | Tramsmission fluids exhibiting reduced pitting |
US6573223B1 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2003-06-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions with good thermal stability and demulsibility properties |
US20040002428A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Harrison James J. | Method for reducing wear and metal fatigue during high temperature operation of a gear set |
DE60232788D1 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2009-08-13 | Chevron Oronite Sa | Hydrated alkali metal borate and hexagonal boron nitride additive composition for gear oils |
US6841521B2 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2005-01-11 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Methods and compositions for reducing wear in heavy-duty diesel engines |
EP1535987B1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2013-01-09 | Chevron Oronite SAS | Additive composition for transmission oil containing hexagonal boron nitride and a viscosity index improver |
SG149028A1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2009-01-29 | Chevron Oronite Sa | Additive composition for transmission oil |
WO2006063161A2 (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2006-06-15 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process of preparation of an additive and its use |
EP1877524A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-01-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Improved corrosion protection for lubricants |
US7919440B2 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2011-04-05 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Lubricating composition containing non-acidic phosphorus compounds |
US20070094918A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-05-03 | Sawhney Kailash N | Composition and method for enhancing the stability of jet fuels |
CN100387696C (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2008-05-14 | 上海交通大学 | Extreme pressure anti-corrosion addictive of benzo triazole polysulfide and method for preparing the same |
US20090093384A1 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricants That Decrease Micropitting for Industrial Gears |
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EP2831212B1 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2017-01-04 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method of lubricating a manual transmission with improved synchromesh performance |
JP6223312B2 (en) * | 2014-10-07 | 2017-11-01 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
US20180312776A1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-11-01 | Jxtg Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Lubricant composition |
JP2017132875A (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-03 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | Lubricant composition |
WO2017218662A1 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions |
SG10202012633WA (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2021-01-28 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricating compositions |
CN110079379A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-02 | 福建六九环保科技有限公司 | A kind of lubricant oil composite |
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US3565802A (en) * | 1968-04-30 | 1971-02-23 | Chevron Res | Oil dispersible inorganic borate in combination with ep agents as lubricating oil additives |
US3853772A (en) * | 1971-06-01 | 1974-12-10 | Chevron Res | Lubricant containing alkali metal borate dispersed with a mixture of dispersants |
US3912643A (en) * | 1973-07-05 | 1975-10-14 | Chevron Res | Lubricant containing neutralized alkali metal borates |
US4089790A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1978-05-16 | Chevron Research Company | Synergistic combinations of hydrated potassium borate, antiwear agents, and organic sulfide antioxidants |
TW425425B (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 2001-03-11 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricating compositions, concentrates, and greases containing the combination of an organic polysulfide and an overbased composition or a phosphorus or boron compound |
GB9521350D0 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1995-12-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Power transmitting fluids with improved shift durability |
JPH09137180A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-05-27 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Automatic transmission fluid composition |
-
1998
- 1998-07-31 DE DE69820429T patent/DE69820429T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-31 EP EP98401967A patent/EP0976813B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-06-02 CA CA002273613A patent/CA2273613C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-29 SG SG1999003707A patent/SG72973A1/en unknown
- 1999-07-30 JP JP21762999A patent/JP4460087B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE69820429T2 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
CA2273613C (en) | 2008-10-07 |
EP0976813A1 (en) | 2000-02-02 |
EP0976813B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
JP2000063870A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
CA2273613A1 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
SG72973A1 (en) | 2000-05-23 |
DE69820429D1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
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