JP4446637B2 - Method for producing extract from soy sauce cake - Google Patents
Method for producing extract from soy sauce cake Download PDFInfo
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- JP4446637B2 JP4446637B2 JP2001302622A JP2001302622A JP4446637B2 JP 4446637 B2 JP4446637 B2 JP 4446637B2 JP 2001302622 A JP2001302622 A JP 2001302622A JP 2001302622 A JP2001302622 A JP 2001302622A JP 4446637 B2 JP4446637 B2 JP 4446637B2
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- soy sauce
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- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 102
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
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- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 20
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 5
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Soy Sauces And Products Related Thereto (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、醤油製造工程中に副生される醤油粕の有効利用法に関する。
さらに、具体的には、醤油粕を減量化して醤油粕から調味料となるエキスを製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
醤油は、日本人の食生活に欠かすことのできない必需品として多量に消費されており、その副生される醤油粕の発生量もまた莫大なものである。この醤油粕の有効な処理方法は当業者の重要な課題の一つである。醤油粕は家畜用の飼料や農産物の肥料として利用されたり、焼却等によって産業廃棄物として処理されている。しかしながら、醤油粕は塩分を多量に含んでいるため、飼料や肥料としての利用は限定されており、また、焼却にあたっては、塩による金属腐食やダイオキシンの発生防止のため、特殊な焼却炉を使用する必要があるなど問題点が多い。これらのことを解決するために様々な方法が考案されてきたが、いずれも十分な効果をあげているとはいえない。
【0003】
例えば、このような方法として醤油粕の処理方法(特公昭51-22078公報)、担子菌類の培養法(特開昭50-68832号公報)、醤油粕の脱塩方法(特公昭55-33301号公報)、醤油粕の脱塩方法(特公昭55-33625号公報)、接着剤用充てん剤の製造方法(特開昭55-155073 号公報)、醤油粕を利用する肥料の製造方法(特開昭56-73686号公報)、脱塩醤油粕粉末の製造方法(特開昭 57-138360号公報)、接着剤用充填剤(特開昭 61-133281号公報)、カルボキシメチル化醤油粕、それを用いた粘結剤及びその製造方法(特公平06-70212号公報)、醤油粕の脱塩方法(特開平 05-268902号公報)、醤油絞り粕の処理法(特許第 2524571号明細書) 、醤油粕の脱塩方法(特開平07-67572号公報)等を挙げることができる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これまでに開示されたこれらの技術からみると、醤油粕を有効に利用するためには、脱塩、脱臭が重要な課題であるといえる。醤油粕を脱塩または脱臭するためにこれを水や希釈アルコール等で洗浄することによって脱塩やある程度の脱臭は可能ではあるが、排出液が発生し、そのなかには多量の有機物が含まれており、この排出液をどのようにして処理するかという新たな問題が発生する。これらの事情に鑑み、本発明は、醤油粕を減量化するとともにその有効利用法を確立することを目的としてなされたものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、これらの目的を達成するために、鋭意検討を行なった結果、醤油粕を、水産廃棄物であるサバ、カツオ、イカ、タコ等の魚介類の内臓と混合し、反応させることによって醤油粕が分解されることを見出した。このようにして得られる分解物は醤油粕や魚介類の内臓に含まれるタンパク質や糖質が分解されたもので、強い呈味成分を含むため様々な調味料として利用できる。また、魚介類の内臓抽出液を醤油粕の分解に利用することも可能であり、内臓や内臓抽出液とセルラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、ペプチダーゼを主成分とする各種の酵素と併用することにより、更なる醤油粕の減量化とエキス製造が可能であることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、醤油粕と、魚介類の内臓とを混合して反応させ醤油粕を減量化するとともにこれを分解してエキスを製造することよりなるエキスの製造法に関する。
本発明における魚介類の内臓にはその抽出液を用いることができ、これらの魚介類としてサバ、カツオ、イカ、タコ等を例示できる。さらに本発明では、これらの魚介類の内臓に分解酵素剤を併用してもよい。分解酵素剤としては、セルラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、ペプチダーゼ等を例示することができ、これらは市販品を用いてもよい。
また、本発明では醤油粕に代えて醤油麹を用いてもよく、醤油麹を用いることによってこれを圧搾したときの醤油粕の発生量を減量化することができる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
醤油は、醤油原料の大豆や小麦が麹菌の生産するアミラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、ペプチダーゼ、リパーゼ等の各種分解酵素によりタンパク質、糖質および脂質が分解されたものである。従って、醤油粕は、麹菌の各種分解酵素が分解できなかった固形の未分解原料であるといえる。この未分解原料は、長期間にわたる諸味の状態では、原料由来のタンパク質や糖質が、各種分解酵素により分解され難い複雑なコンプレックス構造をとると考えられている。また、醤油粕は食塩を約10%ほど含有しており、醤油粕を分解できる酵素群は食塩下で特異な分解様式を持つものと推定できる。
【0008】
一方、魚介類の内臓には様々な酵素の存在が知られている。例えば、イカ、タコ、アワビ、サザエ、ホタテガイ等の軟体動物の内臓、特に消化器官には、従来の微生物起源の酵素剤では分解されにくい海藻由来の多糖類に対して有効な複合糖質分解酵素群が存在する。しかしながら、これらの酵素によって醤油粕が分解されることは報告されていない。本発明では、糖質およびタンパク質の複雑な複合コンプレックスである醤油粕を分解するために、魚介類の内臓、その抽出液および各種酵素群と内臓抽出液の併用による分解処理を行い、醤油粕の減量化とエキスの製造が達成できる。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、醤油粕を水産廃棄物である魚介類の内臓または内臓抽出液とともに発酵させることよりなる醤油粕の減量化と分解物エキスの生産とを行なう醤油粕の処理方法である。また、本発明は、醤油粕を魚介類の内臓または内臓抽出液とセルラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、ペプチダーゼ等を主成分とする各種市販酵素と併用することにより、前記醤油粕の減量化と分解物エキスの生産を行なう醤油粕の処理方法である。さらに、醤油粕の代わりに醤油麹を用いることにより、すなわち通常の醤油醸造の仕込みである醤油麹と塩水の配合に魚介類の内臓を混合することにより醤油粕の発生量を抑えた醤油様調味液の製造が可能となる。醤油様調味液は、通常の醤油に比べ、魚介類由来の呈味成分が強化されており、様々な調味料の原料として有効である。また、水産廃棄物である魚介類の内臓の処理に加え、醤油粕の発生量も減少させることができるので、食品廃棄物の有効なリサイクル方法の一つとして注目される。
【0010】
魚介類の内臓として通常の鮮魚店や魚介類加工工場より廃棄されるサバ、カツオ、イカ、タコなどの内臓あるいは内臓抽出液が使用される。内臓抽出液は、例えば内臓と等量の水を加えて冷蔵で一晩程度抽出して得ることができる。醤油粕と内臓又は内臓抽出液の混合物に、必要に応じて水、食塩水あるいは緩衝液を加えて、5〜60℃程度で1日から数ヶ月程度分解処理や発酵熟成を行なう。
醤油粕に対して内臓は0.1〜5倍量程度を加え、水、食塩水、あるいは緩衝液等を醤油粕濃度が2〜30%程度になるように加える。仕込み時の食塩濃度は20%以下が好ましい。また、分解を促進するために、酵素製剤を添加してもよく、ヘミセルラーゼを500U/ml程度、プロテアーゼを50U/ml程度、あるいはペプチダーゼを2U/ml程度、等が例示でき、これらを一種又は複数種を用いることができる。
【0011】
これらの処理は低塩で行うほど醤油粕の分解は速くなるが、腐敗防止のため5〜10℃程度の低温もしくは40〜60℃程度の高温で行う。また、常温から40℃で行うときは食塩濃度を15%程度以上にする方法、10%程度のアルコールを加える方法、pHを3〜5程度に調整する方法などが適用できる。
短時間処理して得られるエキスは魚介類内臓の風味が強い特徴を持ち、長時間発酵熟成すると、醤油に近い風味となる。これらに酵母や乳酸菌を添加して発酵させることもでき、それによって、より醤油に近い風味豊かなエキスを得ることもできる。
これらの処理の後、醤油用の圧搾機を用いて圧搾したり、遠心分離を利用した方法などで固液分離すると、澄明で褐色の液体が得られる。成分は用いる原料の比率によって大きく変るが、概ねTN(全窒素)が0.2〜1.5程度、FN(ホルモール態窒素)0.1〜1.0程度、RS(直接還元糖)0.1〜2程度である。これらを必要に応じて濃縮、乾燥処理などをすることも可能である。
呈味性は用いる内臓の種類によって異なるが、醤油あるいは魚醤を類推される旨みや風味があり、直接的には各種料理の隠し味として利用したり、加工用としてはめんつゆなどに1〜10%程度、焼肉のたれには5〜50%程度を添加すると風味豊かな調味料が得られる。
【0012】
次に本発明の効果を示す試験例を示す。
【実施例1】
スーパーや鮮魚店で購入した各種魚介類の内臓(500g)に、内臓に対して等量の水を加え、4℃で24時間後、ガーゼろ過で固液分離して内臓抽出液約700mlを得た。続いて、脱脂加工大豆仕込みの醤油粕(80g)を内臓抽出液(400ml)に加え、50℃で7日間振とうした。その後、醤油圧搾用のろ布にのせ約10kg/cm2の圧力で約1時間圧搾した。得られた圧搾ろ液はろ紙ろ過後成分分析を行った(表1)。また、残った粕には約5倍量の水を加え洗浄し、再度圧搾し、その残渣を乾燥後重量測定した。醤油粕のみ及び内臓抽出液のみについても同様に処理して対照とし実施して分析した。表1のTN、FN、RSは試験区からそれぞれの対照区を差し引いた値、また、残粕比率は、「試験区の残渣量÷醤油粕のみの残渣量」で表した。醤油粕タンパク溶解率は、分解ろ液のTN/醤油粕のみで仕込んだ諸味のTN量で表した。すなわち、本実施例においては醤油粕のみで仕込んだ諸味のTNをケルダール法で測定したところ0.76であったので、分解ろ液のTN/0.76で表した。これらの結果からたんぱく質の可溶化、低分子化及び醤油粕固形分の減少が認められた。
【0013】
【表1】
【0014】
【実施例2】
醤油醸造において副生される脱脂加工大豆仕込みの醤油粕(80g)に実施例1と同様にして得られたイカ及びサバの内臓抽出液(400ml)を加え、320mlの塩水を添加して最終容積を約800ml とし、30℃で2ヶ月間、醤油粕の分解を行った。最終的な仕込み濃度は、内臓抽出液濃度25%、醤油粕濃度10%、NaCl濃度15%である。仕込み終了後、醤油用の小型圧搾機を用いて約10kg/cm2の圧力で1時間程度圧搾したところ幾分濁りのある褐色の液体約600mlが得られた。この液体をろ紙ろ過後、醤油の一般分析に準じて、総窒素(TN)、ホルモール態窒素(FN)、還元糖、NaClを分析した(表2)。醤油粕タンパク溶解率は、実施例1と同様に、それぞれの対照区のTNを差し引いた試験区の分解ろ液のTN/醤油粕のみで仕込んだ諸味のTN量で表した。すなわち、本実施例において醤油粕のみで仕込んだ諸味のTNは0.46であったので、醤油粕タンパク溶解率=分解ろ液のTN/0.46で表した。その結果、イカ及びサバの内臓抽出液により醤油粕タンパク質がそれぞれ73.9% 、49.3% 分解され、窒素成分の溶出が増大した。また、FNの増加が見られたことから醤油粕中のタンパク質がアミノ酸レベルまで分解されたことを示唆している。得られた分解液の調味特性を評価したところ、魚介エキス様の旨み成分を強く感じ、味に濃厚感があった。
【0015】
【表2】
【0016】
【実施例3】
各種魚介類の内臓抽出液を用いて、実施例1と同様に醤油粕タンパク溶解率を求めた(表3)。その結果、イカはその種類にかかわらず、内蔵抽出液は高い醤油粕タンパク溶解率を示し、サバやカツオの内臓抽出液にも醤油粕タンパクの分解活性が認められた。続いて、ガーゼろ過による固液分離で得られた固形残査を、105℃で12時間加熱し、残粕量として乾燥重量を測定した。ブランクとして内臓抽出液のみおよび醤油粕のみの残粕量を求め、その総和に対する比率を残粕比率とした。各種のイカ、サバ、カツオ等の内臓抽出液で醤油粕を分解させることにより残粕比率が低下し、残査固形物量が減少した。
【0017】
【表3】
【0018】
【実施例4】
脱脂加工大豆仕込みの醤油麹(1kg)に塩水(22.5%、1.7L) を加えた3日目の醤油諸味(4L)に、表4に示す各種魚介類の内臓(1kg)を添加し、食塩濃度を16%に調整後、30℃で2ヶ月間、発酵を行った。最終的な仕込み濃度は、内臓濃度20%、NaCl濃度16%である。仕込み終了後、醤油の一般分析に準じて、総窒素(TN)、ホルモール態窒素(FN)、還元糖(RS)、NaClを分析した(表4)。また、実施例3と同様に残粕比率を求めた。
その結果、イカ及びカツオの内臓を醤油諸味に混合することにより、TN及びFNの増加が見られた。また、残粕比率が低下したことから、魚介類の内臓酵素により醤油粕の分解が起こり、醤油粕の発生が抑制されたと考えられる。
得られた調味液の調味特性を評価したところ、味に複雑味があり濃厚感を感じ、炒め物や中華料理の隠し味として優れていた。
【0019】
【表4】
【0020】
【実施例5】
実施例2と同様に、イカ内蔵抽出液を調製し醤油粕と混合した。その際、酵素剤として、セルラーゼ(ヘミセルラーゼ「アマノ」90 力価90,000U/g 天野製薬社製)、プロテアーゼ(プロテアーゼS「アマノ」力価10,000U/g 天野製薬社製)、ペプチダーゼ(ペプチダーゼ R 力価420U/g 天野製薬社製)をそれぞれ0.5%添加して、各種酵素剤の併用による醤油粕の分解を行った(表5)。その結果、イカ内蔵抽出液とプロテアーゼを併用することにより醤油粕タンパクの分解が促進された。また、3種類の酵素剤を併用することにより、醤油粕タンパクの分解がさらに促進され、残粕量が減少した。
【表5】
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明により醤油製造のさいに発生する醤油粕の量を減少させ、旨味成分の強いエキスを製造することができる。得られるエキスは醤油と魚介類発酵物の風味を有しており、アミノ酸含量が高く、複雑で濃厚な調味料としてそのままで各種料理の隠し味として、あるいはめんつゆやたれなどに添加して用いることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an effective utilization method of soy sauce cake produced as a by-product during the soy sauce manufacturing process.
Furthermore, it is related with the method of manufacturing the extract used as a seasoning from soy sauce cake by reducing soy sauce cake specifically.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Soy sauce is consumed in large quantities as an essential item indispensable for the Japanese diet, and the amount of soy sauce cake produced as a by-product is also enormous. An effective method for treating this soy sauce cake is one of the important issues for those skilled in the art. Soy sauce cake is used as feed for livestock and fertilizer for agricultural products, or is treated as industrial waste by incineration. However, because soy sauce cake contains a large amount of salt, its use as feed and fertilizer is limited. Incineration uses a special incinerator to prevent metal corrosion and dioxin generation due to salt. There are many problems that need to be done. Various methods have been devised to solve these problems, but none of them has been sufficiently effective.
[0003]
For example, soy sauce cake treatment method (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 51-22078), basidiomycete culture method (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 50-68832), soy sauce cake desalting method (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 55-33301) Gazette), a method for desalting soy sauce cake (Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-33625), a method for producing an adhesive filler (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 55-155073), and a method for producing fertilizer using soy sauce cake (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-155073). Sho 56-73686), desalted soy sauce powder manufacturing method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-138360), adhesive filler (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-133281), carboxymethylated soy sauce cake, it , A method for producing the same (Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-70212), a method for desalting soy sauce lees (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-268902), a method for treating soy sauce pomace (Japanese Patent No. 2524571) And a method for desalting soy sauce cake (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-67572).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of these technologies disclosed so far, it can be said that desalting and deodorization are important issues in order to effectively use soy sauce cake. In order to demineralize or deodorize the soy sauce cake, it can be demineralized or deodorized to some extent by washing it with water or dilute alcohol, etc., but drainage is generated, and it contains a large amount of organic matter. A new problem arises as to how to treat the discharged liquid. In view of these circumstances, the present invention has been made for the purpose of reducing the amount of soy sauce cake and establishing its effective utilization method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve these objects, the present inventors have mixed and reacted soy sauce cake with the internal organs of seafood such as mackerel, skipjack, squid, and octopus. It was found that soy sauce cake was decomposed. The degradation product thus obtained is a product obtained by degrading proteins and carbohydrates contained in soy sauce cake and seafood internal organs, and contains a strong taste component, so that it can be used as various seasonings. It is also possible to use the internal organs extract of seafood for the decomposition of soy sauce cake. By using in combination with the internal organs and internal organ extracts and various enzymes mainly composed of cellulase, protease and peptidase, further soy sauce The present inventors have found that it is possible to reduce the amount of koji and manufacture the extract.
[0006]
That is, this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the extract which mixes and reacts soy sauce cake and the internal organs of seafood to reduce the amount of soy sauce cake, decomposes | disassembles this, and manufactures an extract.
The extract can be used for the internal organs of seafood in the present invention, and examples of these seafood include mackerel, bonito, squid and octopus. Furthermore, in this invention, you may use a decomposing enzyme agent together with the internal organs of these seafood. Examples of the degrading enzyme agent include cellulase, protease, peptidase and the like, and commercially available products may be used.
In the present invention, soy sauce cake may be used in place of the soy sauce cake, and the amount of soy sauce produced when the soy sauce cake is squeezed can be reduced.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Soy sauce is obtained by degrading proteins, carbohydrates and lipids by various degrading enzymes such as amylase, protease, peptidase, and lipase produced by Aspergillus oryzae. Therefore, it can be said that soy sauce koji is a solid undegraded raw material that cannot be decomposed by various degrading enzymes of koji mold. This undegraded raw material is considered to have a complex complex structure in which the protein and carbohydrate derived from the raw material are difficult to be decomposed by various degrading enzymes in a long-term moromi state. Moreover, soy sauce cake contains about 10% of sodium chloride, and it can be estimated that the enzyme group capable of decomposing soy sauce cake has a specific decomposition pattern under salt.
[0008]
On the other hand, the presence of various enzymes is known in the internal organs of seafood. For example, in the internal organs of molluscs such as squid, octopus, abalone, scallop, scallop, especially in the digestive tract, complex carbohydrate-degrading enzymes that are effective against polysaccharides derived from seaweed that are difficult to be degraded by conventional microbial-derived enzyme agents There are groups. However, it has not been reported that soy sauce cake is decomposed by these enzymes. In the present invention, in order to decompose soy sauce cake, which is a complex complex of carbohydrates and proteins, the internal organs of fish and shellfish, its extract, and various enzyme groups are used in combination with the internal organ extract, Weight loss and extract production can be achieved.
[0009]
That is, the present invention is a soy sauce cake processing method for reducing the amount of soy sauce cake and producing a decomposed product extract by fermenting the soy sauce cake with the visceral or visceral extract of fish and shellfish which is a marine waste. In addition, the present invention uses the soy sauce cake in combination with a visceral or visceral extract of seafood and various commercially available enzymes mainly composed of cellulase, protease, peptidase, etc., to reduce the amount of soy sauce cake and produce a decomposed extract. Is a soy sauce cake processing method. Furthermore, by using soy sauce cake instead of soy sauce cake, that is, soy sauce-like seasoning that reduces the amount of soy sauce cake produced by mixing the internal organs of seafood with the soy sauce cake and salt water blending that is the usual preparation of soy sauce brewing The liquid can be manufactured. The soy sauce-like seasoning liquid is effective as a raw material for various seasonings because it has enhanced flavor components derived from seafood compared to normal soy sauce. In addition to the treatment of the internal organs of seafood, which is a marine waste, the amount of soy sauce cake generated can also be reduced, which is attracting attention as an effective method for recycling food waste.
[0010]
As the internal organs of seafood, internal organs such as mackerel, bonito, squid and octopus, which are discarded from normal fish shops and seafood processing factories, or visceral extracts are used. The visceral extract can be obtained, for example, by adding the same amount of water as that of the viscera and extracting it overnight by refrigeration. If necessary, water, saline or buffer solution is added to the mixture of soy sauce cake and viscera or viscera extract, and the mixture is subjected to decomposition treatment and fermentation aging at about 5 to 60 ° C. for about 1 day to several months.
Add about 0.1 to 5 times the amount of viscera to the soy sauce cake, and add water, saline, or buffer so that the soy sauce cake concentration is about 2 to 30%. The salt concentration at the time of preparation is preferably 20% or less. In order to promote degradation, an enzyme preparation may be added. Examples include hemicellulase of about 500 U / ml, protease of about 50 U / ml, peptidase of about 2 U / ml, and the like. Multiple species can be used.
[0011]
These treatments are carried out at a low temperature of about 5 to 10 ° C or a high temperature of about 40 to 60 ° C to prevent spoilage, although the lower the salt, the faster the soy sauce cake decomposes. Moreover, when performing from normal temperature to 40 degreeC, the method of making salt concentration about 15% or more, the method of adding about 10% alcohol, the method of adjusting pH to about 3-5, etc. are applicable.
The extract obtained by treating for a short time has a characteristic of the flavor of seafood internal organs, and when it is fermented and matured for a long time, it becomes a flavor similar to soy sauce. Yeast or lactic acid bacteria can be added to these and fermented, whereby a flavor-rich extract that is closer to soy sauce can be obtained.
After these treatments, a clear and brown liquid can be obtained by squeezing using a press for soy sauce or by solid-liquid separation by a method using centrifugal separation. The components vary greatly depending on the ratio of the raw materials used, but are generally about TN (total nitrogen) of about 0.2 to 1.5, about FN (formol nitrogen) about 0.1 to 1.0, and about RS (direct reducing sugar) about 0.1 to 2. These can be concentrated and dried as necessary.
The taste differs depending on the type of internal organs used, but there are umami and flavor that can be inferred from soy sauce or fish soy, and it can be used directly as a hidden taste in various dishes or as a noodle soup for processing. If you add about 5% to about 50% or about 5% to 50%, you will get a flavorful seasoning.
[0012]
Next, test examples showing the effects of the present invention will be shown.
[Example 1]
To the internal organs (500 g) of various seafood purchased at supermarkets and fresh fish stores, add an equal amount of water to the internal organs, and after 24 hours at 4 ° C, solid-liquid separation is performed by gauze filtration to obtain about 700 ml of internal organ extracts. It was. Subsequently, soy sauce cake (80 g) with defatted soybeans was added to the visceral extract (400 ml) and shaken at 50 ° C. for 7 days. Then, it was squeezed for about 1 hour at a pressure of about 10 kg / cm 2 on a filter cloth for soy hydraulic squeezing. The obtained pressed filtrate was subjected to component analysis after filter paper filtration (Table 1). Further, about 5 times the amount of water was added to the remaining koji, which was washed and pressed again. The residue was weighed after drying. Only soy sauce cake and only visceral extract were treated in the same manner as a control and analyzed. In Table 1, TN, FN, and RS are values obtained by subtracting each control group from the test group, and the residue ratio is expressed as “residue amount of test group ÷ residue amount of soy sauce cake only”. The soy sauce koji protein dissolution rate was expressed as the amount of TN of moromi that was charged with only TN / soy sauce koji in the degradation filtrate. That is, in this example, the TN of the moromi prepared using only the soy sauce cake was measured by the Kjeldahl method and found to be 0.76, so it was expressed as TN / 0.76 of the decomposition filtrate. From these results, protein solubilization, low molecular weight and decrease in soy sauce cake solids were observed.
[0013]
[Table 1]
[0014]
[Example 2]
Add squid and mackerel viscera extract (400 ml) obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 to soy sauce cake (80 g) with defatted soybeans produced as a by-product in soy sauce brewing, and add 320 ml of salt water to obtain the final volume. The soy sauce cake was decomposed for 2 months at 30 ° C. The final preparation concentration is 25% of visceral extract concentration, 10% soy sauce concentration, and 15% NaCl concentration. After completion of the charging, the mixture was pressed for about 1 hour at a pressure of about 10 kg / cm 2 using a small press for soy sauce, and about 600 ml of a slightly turbid brown liquid was obtained. After filtering this liquid with filter paper, total nitrogen (TN), formol-type nitrogen (FN), reducing sugar, and NaCl were analyzed according to the general analysis of soy sauce (Table 2). The soy sauce koji protein dissolution rate was expressed in the same manner as in Example 1 by the amount of TN of moromi that was charged with only the TN / soy sauce koji of the decomposition filtrate of the test group minus the TN of each control group. That is, in this example, the TN of the moromi prepared using only the soy sauce koji was 0.46, so the soy sauce koji protein dissolution rate = TN / 0.46 of the decomposition filtrate. As a result, the soy sauce koji protein was decomposed by 73.9% and 49.3% by the squid and mackerel visceral extracts, respectively, and the elution of nitrogen components increased. In addition, the increase in FN suggests that the protein in soy sauce cake was degraded to the amino acid level. When the seasoning characteristics of the obtained decomposition solution were evaluated, the taste component of the seafood extract was strongly felt, and the taste was rich.
[0015]
[Table 2]
[0016]
[Example 3]
Using the visceral extracts of various seafoods, the soy sauce koji protein dissolution rate was determined in the same manner as in Example 1 (Table 3). As a result, regardless of the type of squid, the built-in extract showed a high soy sauce koji protein dissolution rate, and the visceral extract of mackerel and skipjack was also found to have a soy sauce koji protein degrading activity. Subsequently, the solid residue obtained by solid-liquid separation by gauze filtration was heated at 105 ° C. for 12 hours, and the dry weight was measured as the amount of residue. The amount of residue of only the visceral extract and soy sauce cake was determined as a blank, and the ratio to the total was taken as the residue ratio. By decomposing soy sauce cake with visceral extracts such as various squid, mackerel, bonito, etc., the residue ratio decreased and the amount of residual solids decreased.
[0017]
[Table 3]
[0018]
[Example 4]
To the soy sauce moromi (4L) of the third day in which salt water (22.5%, 1.7L) was added to soy sauce cake (1kg) with defatted soybeans, the internal organs (1kg) of various seafood shown in Table 4 were added, and then salted After adjusting the concentration to 16%, fermentation was performed at 30 ° C. for 2 months. The final charging concentration is a visceral concentration of 20% and a NaCl concentration of 16%. After completion of the preparation, total nitrogen (TN), formol nitrogen (FN), reducing sugar (RS), and NaCl were analyzed according to the general analysis of soy sauce (Table 4). Moreover, the residue ratio was calculated | required similarly to Example 3. FIG.
As a result, TN and FN increased when squid and bonito viscera were mixed with soy sauce moromi. Moreover, since the residue ratio fell, it is thought that the soy sauce cake was decomposed | disassembled by the visceral enzyme of seafood, and generation | occurrence | production of the soy sauce cake was suppressed.
When the seasoning characteristics of the obtained seasoning liquid were evaluated, it had a complex taste and a rich feeling, and was excellent as a hidden taste of stir-fried food and Chinese food.
[0019]
[Table 4]
[0020]
[Example 5]
In the same manner as in Example 2, a squid-containing extract was prepared and mixed with soy sauce cake. At that time, cellulase (hemicellulase “Amano” 90 titer 90,000 U / g Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), protease (protease S “Amano” titer 10,000 U / g Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), peptidase (Peptidase R) Potent 420U / g Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added at 0.5% each, and the soy sauce cake was decomposed by the combined use of various enzyme agents (Table 5). As a result, the decomposition of soy sauce koji protein was promoted by using the squid extract and protease together. Moreover, by using together 3 types of enzyme agents, the decomposition of soy sauce koji protein was further promoted, and the amount of residue was reduced.
[Table 5]
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the amount of soy sauce cake generated during soy sauce production can be reduced, and an extract having a strong umami component can be produced. The resulting extract has the flavor of soy sauce and fermented seafood, has a high amino acid content, and is used as a concealed flavor of various dishes as it is as a complex and rich seasoning, or added to noodle soup and sauce. Can do.
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KR101768741B1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-08-16 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | Manufacturing method of fish sauce and fish sauce prepared therefrom |
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