JP4319606B2 - Wheel shape measuring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wheel shape measuring apparatus that measures the shape of a wheel of a railway vehicle and detects the wear state of the wheel using the measurement result.

  Conventionally, Patent Document 1 discloses an apparatus that measures the thickness of a flange, the height of a flange, and the like by arranging two distance sensors so as to sandwich a wheel as a means for measuring a wheel tread shape of a railway vehicle.

  Further, there is a technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 as a technique for measuring a wheel shape using an imaging means.

JP 2001-88503 A

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-52536

  The method of Patent Document 1 is to measure the wheel shape using a distance sensor. However, in this method, sufficient return light from the tread cannot be obtained due to the angular relationship between the distance sensor and the tread. The part cannot be measured accurately. Moreover, although the method of patent document 2 is measuring a wheel shape using image processing, although a relative positional relationship can be measured easily, it is very difficult to know an actual dimension.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wheel shape measuring apparatus that can accurately determine the dimensions of the wheel tread shape and accurately detect the amount of wear and the state of the wheel.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the shape of a wheel tread of a railway vehicle is measured to inspect the amount of wear of the flange and the state of wear of the tread. , A distance sensor obtained from the reflected light, an imaging device that images a wheel tread to measure a wear state of the tread, and a control unit that processes the data from the distance sensor and the imaging device to obtain a wear amount It was.

  By accurately measuring the shape and dimensions of the railway vehicle, it is possible to detect the wear amount system of the wheel flange part and the tread part well.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the wheel.
As shown in FIG. 1, the wheel 1 has an outer peripheral surface from an outer portion (a portion facing the outside of the rail and sometimes referred to as a surface hereinafter) 11 to an inner portion (hereinafter also referred to as a back surface) 12. The tread surface 13 is formed so that its outer shape gradually increases, and the flange 14 is integrally provided inside. The outer peripheral surface of the flange 14 has a convex curved surface that is continuous from the tread surface and gradually decreases in thickness from the inside toward the outside. Further, a reference groove 15 is provided at a position where the diameter on the rear surface 12 side of the wheel is Ws. The diameter Ws is determined by the standard. The outer surface 16 of the flange 14 is referred to as the flange outer surface, and the inner surface 17 of the flange 14 is referred to as the wheel inner surface.

  Here, the wheel diameter is Wd, the flange height is fh, the flange thickness is d, and the distance between the wheel diameter Wd and the reference groove diameter Ws is Wt.

  FIG. 2 shows the overall arrangement of the wheel shape measuring apparatus, and FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of various sensors and cameras provided with the wheel interposed therebetween.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a first distance sensor 21 on the outside of the rail 2, a camera 23 for imaging the wheel tread, an illumination 24 for illuminating the wheel tread, and a wheel detection sensor for determining the flash timing of the illumination 24 29a and 29b are provided. A second distance sensor 22 is provided inside the rail 2. Also, vehicle entry detection sensors 25a and 25b for detecting the entry of the vehicle, vehicle exit detection sensors 26a and 26b for detecting the exit of the vehicle, wheel detection sensors 27a and 27b for determining the measurement start timing for one wheel, measurement Wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b for determining the end timing are provided. A receiver 30 for receiving vehicle information such as a train formation number is provided on the ground side of the vehicle, and a transmitter for transmitting vehicle information such as a train formation number is provided at the head of the vehicle.

  In this figure, only one set of the camera 23, the wheel detection sensor and the like for imaging the wheel tread is displayed, but a plurality of cameras are installed so that the entire circumference of the wheel can be imaged.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the distance sensor 21 irradiates the front side of the wheel with light at an angle θ1, receives the reflected light, and measures the distance to the wheel. The installation distance is set at a position separated by L1 in the horizontal direction from the flange of the wheel. Further, the distance sensor 22 is installed at a position that is spaced apart by L2 in the horizontal direction on the rear surface side of the wheel and that emits light at an angle θ2 with respect to the rear surface side of the wheel. The installation height of both sensors is provided on the ground side hG away from the wheel tread (contact point between the wheel and the rail). Further, the tread surface imaging camera 23 is installed at a predetermined angle on the ground side so that the tread surface can be imaged. Control is performed so that the portion can be imaged.

  FIG. 4 shows an outline of the overall configuration of the wheel tread measuring apparatus.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in this apparatus, when roughly divided, information is received from the distance measuring device 101, the imaging device 102, and the two shape measuring devices, and the wheel shape is obtained or the obtained data is stored. The processing apparatus 103 is comprised.

  The distance measuring device 101 includes a first distance sensor 21 that measures the distance to the outer surface of the flange, a second distance sensor 22 that measures the distance to the inner surface of the wheel, and wheel approach detection sensors 27a and 27b for determining the start and end of the measurement. , Wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b, and a distance measurement control unit 104 for controlling the sensors.

  In addition, the imaging unit 102 includes a camera 23 that captures the wheels, an illumination 24 that irradiates the wheels with light at a predetermined timing, wheel detection sensors 29a and 29b that detect the passage of the wheels at predetermined positions, the cameras, and the illumination. The imaging control unit 105 for controlling each sensor and the like.

  In addition to this, each control unit receives signals from a receiver for receiving vehicle information such as a vehicle approach detection sensor, a vehicle exit detection sensor signal, and a train formation number.

  The information processing device 103 has a function of combining the data of the distance measuring device 101 and the image information from the imaging device 102 to obtain a wheel shape, and adding and storing the vehicle organization number and the measurement date and time. In addition to the function to detect the wheel that has caused abnormal wear, it has a function to issue a warning when a wheel with abnormal wear is detected, to predict the life time of the wheel from the worn state, and to notify the supervisor of this. ing. It also has a function of automatically generating wheel cutting timing data.

  Next, each operation will be described.

  First, when the vehicle entry detection sensor 25a or 25b detects the vehicle entering the measurement position, the wheel entry detection sensors 27a and 27b, the wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b, and the wheel detection sensors 29a and 29b are activated based on the detection signals. Then, detection of the presence or absence of wheels is started. At the same time, the first distance sensor 21 and the second distance sensor 22 are activated to enable measurement, and the wheel photographing camera 23 is ready for photographing. In this state, when the wheel approach detection sensors 27a and 27b detect the wheel, the first distance sensor 21 and the second distance sensor 22 start measurement, and when the wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b detect the wheel, the measurement ends. .

  The measurement data is taken into the memory of the distance measurement control unit 104. The acquired measurement data is processed by the distance measurement control unit 104, and the position of each part of the flange and the flange thickness are calculated. At this time, the vehicle speed is calculated from the time from the start to the end of the measurement and used for the calculation. Further, when the vehicle detection sensors 29 a and 29 b detect the wheel, the illumination 24 emits light, the camera 23 captures the wheel, and the captured image is taken into the memory of the imaging control unit 105. The captured image data is subjected to image processing by the imaging control unit 105, and the relative positional relationship between the tread and the flange is calculated. The position and flange thickness 110 of each part of the flange calculated by the distance measurement control unit 104, and the relative positional relationship 111 of the tread and the flange calculated by the imaging control unit 105 are transferred to the information processing device 03. The transferred data is merged by the information processing apparatus 103 to obtain the wheel shape.

  FIG. 5 shows output waveforms of the first distance sensor 21 and the second distance sensor 22.

The first distance sensor 21 is a distance to a portion between B and C on the outer surface of the flange, a portion between C and D on the outer surface of the wheel, and a portion between D and E on the outer surface of the flange shown in FIG. L3 is measured. The output waveform from the first distance sensor 21, a waveform as shown in FIG. 5 (c). The second distance sensor 22 measures a distance L4 (FIG. 5B) to the portion between A and F on the inner surface of the wheel shown in FIG . From the distance L3 measured by the first distance sensor 21 and the distance L4 measured by the second distance sensor 22 , the flange thickness d can be calculated by Equations 1-3.

d = L0− (L1 + L2) number 1
L1 = L3 * sin θ1 number 2
L2 = L4 * sin θ2 number 3
Here, d, L0, L1, L2L3, L4, θ1, and θ2 are the distance and angle shown in FIG. 3, respectively.

Further, the distance Lf from the rising to the falling in the output waveform of the second distance sensor 22 shown in FIG. 5B is obtained from the elapsed time and the vehicle speed, and the wheel reference groove crossing distance Ls is output from the second distance sensor 22. The wheel reference groove diameter Ws, the distance L4 measured by the second distance sensor 22, the installation angle θ2, and the installation thereof are obtained from the elapsed time from the G point to the H point indicating the wheel reference groove on the waveform and the vehicle speed. From the height hG, the wheel diameter Wd and the wheel flange height fh can be calculated by equations 4-9.

図６に距離センサで計測した車輪形状プロフィールの例を示す。距離計測部１０１では、図６にフランジ部分の形状を前述の計算により算出する。しかし、踏面部分については第１距離センサと踏面の角度が平行に近い角度であることから、正確に形状を計測することは困難である。

FIG. 6 shows an example of a wheel shape profile measured by a distance sensor. In the distance measuring unit 101, the shape of the flange portion shown in FIG. However, it is difficult to accurately measure the shape of the tread portion because the angle between the first distance sensor and the tread surface is almost parallel.

  On the other hand, the image captured by the imaging control unit 105 is subjected to edge extraction processing, and the flange position and the tread edge position 301 in the field of view can be extracted as shown in FIG.

In the information processing apparatus 103, the wheel measured by the distance measurement control unit 104 using the vertex 302 of the flange, the contact point 303 between the flange outer surface and the tread surface, the maximum point 304 of the first derivative of the curved portion extending over the flange and the tread surface, etc. A wheel shape profile as shown in FIG. 8 is created by merging the edge positions extracted by image processing by the imaging control unit 105 on the basis of the shape profile. The created wheel shape profile is stored in a storage unit provided in the information processing apparatus 103 together with data such as a vehicle organization number, a wheel number, and a measurement date. In addition, the information processing apparatus 103 detects an on-wear state of each part from the created wheel shape profile, and issues a warning when the wear amount is a predetermined value or more in each part. . That is, the information processing device combines the data of the distance sensor and the imaging device to determine the wheel shape, and detects the wear state by comparing the calculated wheel shape with the new wheel or the wheel data after cutting. A wear amount detector. Further, the information processing apparatus is configured to predict the life of the wheel by comparing with the data of the same wheel number of the same vehicle formation number that has been measured and stored in advance and notify the result.

  As described above, in the present invention, a wheel is obtained using data of a distance measuring device capable of measuring the size and shape of the flange portion of the wheel with high accuracy and data of an imaging device capable of accurately detecting a wheel tread surface state (shape). By determining the shape and dimensions of the tread with high accuracy and determining the wear amount of the flange portion and the tread of the wheel from the determined shape and dimensions, the concave wear of the wheel tread can be reliably detected.

It is a figure which shows the cross section of a wheel. It is a figure showing the whole wheel shape measuring device composition. It is a figure which shows the detail of sensor arrangement | positioning and camera arrangement | positioning of a wheel shape measuring apparatus. It is a figure which shows the control system structure of a wheel shape measuring apparatus. It is a figure which shows the measurement position and output waveform of a distance sensor. It is a figure which shows the wheel shape profile measured with the distance sensor. It is a figure which shows the edge position extracted by image processing. It is a figure which shows a wheel shape profile.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wheel, 2 ... Rail, 11 ... Outside of wheel, 12 ... Inside of wheel, 13 ... Tread surface, 14 ... Flange, 15 ... Reference groove, 16 ... Flange outer surface, 17 ... Flange inner surface, 21 ... First distance Sensor, 22 ... 2nd distance sensor, 23 ... Camera, 24 ... Illumination, 25a ... Vehicle entry detection sensor receiver, 25b ... Vehicle entry detection sensor projector, 26a ... Vehicle exit sensor receiver, 26b ... Vehicle exit sensor projector, 27a ... vehicle entry detection sensor receiver, 27b ... vehicle entry detection sensor projector, 28a ... vehicle exit sensor receiver, 28b ... vehicle exit sensor projector, 29a ... wheel detection sensor receiver, 29b ... vehicle exit sensor projector, 30 ... vehicle information Receiver 101: Distance measuring unit 102 ... Imaging unit 103 ... Information processing device 104 ... Distance measurement control device 105 ... Imaging control device 110 ... Separation measuring unit measurement data, 111 ... imaging data, 112 ... wheel profile, 301 ... tread edge position, 302 ... flange apex, 303 ... contact between flange outer surface and tread, 304 ... first-order differential maximum of curve over flange and tread point.

Claims (3)

In a wheel shape measuring device that measures the wheel tread shape of a railway vehicle and inspects the wear amount of the flange and the tread surface,
A distance measuring device comprising a distance sensor for irradiating a traveling wheel with laser light and measuring the shape of the flange from the reflected light;
An imaging device for measuring a relative positional relationship between the flange and the wheel tread by imaging the wheel tread and the flange,
Using the predetermined point of the wheel as a reference point, the shape of the flange measured by the distance measuring device and the relative positional relationship measured by the imaging device are combined to measure the shape of the flange and the tread surface. An information processing device to
A wheel shape measuring device comprising: The on-vehicle shape measuring device according to claim 1,
The information processing device combines the data of the distance sensor and the imaging device to obtain a wheel shape, and compares the new wheel or the wheel data after cutting from the obtained wheel shape to determine the wear state. A wheel shape measuring device comprising a wear amount detecting unit for detecting . The on-vehicle shape measuring device according to claim 2,
A vehicle shape measurement characterized in that a display unit is provided in the information processing device, and a profile is displayed together with a vehicle number and a wheel number for a wheel synthesized by the synthesis unit on the display unit and a wear state is displayed. apparatus.

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