JP4305111B2 - 組電池及び電気自動車 - Google Patents
組電池及び電気自動車 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4305111B2 JP4305111B2 JP2003336808A JP2003336808A JP4305111B2 JP 4305111 B2 JP4305111 B2 JP 4305111B2 JP 2003336808 A JP2003336808 A JP 2003336808A JP 2003336808 A JP2003336808 A JP 2003336808A JP 4305111 B2 JP4305111 B2 JP 4305111B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- battery
- negative electrode
- capacity
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFHQVNFSKOBBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)CF OFHQVNFSKOBBGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXJGSNRAQWDDJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-acetyl-5-bromo-2h-indol-3-one Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2N(C(=O)C)CC(=O)C2=C1 KXJGSNRAQWDDJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxole Chemical compound C1OOC=C1 XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Description
正極活物質には、充放電によりリチウムを放出、吸蔵するリチウム遷移金属複酸化物としてのマンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)を選定した。マンガン酸リチウム粉末と、導電材として鱗片状黒鉛(平均粒径:5μm)と、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンとを質量比で85:10:5となるように混合し、これに分散溶媒のN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを添加、混練したスラリを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔(正極集電体)の両面に塗布した。このとき、極板長寸方向の一方の側縁に幅50mmの未塗布部を残した。その後乾燥、プレス、裁断して正極活物質合剤層の幅300mm、長さ6000mm、厚さ(アルミニウム箔含む)230μmの正極板を得た。乾燥後の正極活物質合剤層の塗布量は、280g/m2とした。未塗布部に切り欠きを入れ、切り欠き残部をリード片とした。隣り合うリード片は、20mm間隔、リード片の幅を10mmとし、切り欠き部の未塗布部の幅は2mmとした。
非晶質炭素90重量部に結着材として10重量部のポリフッ化ビニリデンを添加し、これに分散溶媒のN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを添加、混練したスラリを厚さ10μmの圧延銅箔(負極集電体)の両面に塗布した。このとき、極板長寸方向の一方の側縁に幅50mmの未塗布部を残した。その後乾燥、プレス、裁断して負極活物質合剤層の幅306mm、長さ6200mm、厚さ(銅箔含む)140μmの負極を得た。乾燥後の負極活物質合剤層の塗布量は、66g/m2とした。未塗布部に正極板と同様に切り欠きを入れ、切り欠き残部をリード片とした。隣り合うリード片は、20mm間隔、リード片の幅を10mmとし、切り欠き部の未塗布部の幅は2mmとした。
図1に示すように、作製した正極板と負極板とを、厚さ40μmのポリエチレン製セパレータと共に捲回し捲回群6を作製した。このとき正極板のリード片と負極板のリード片とが、それぞれ捲回群6の互いに反対側の両端面に位置するようにした。捲回群径は61±0.5mmとした。
上述のように作製したリチウムイオン電池20を単電池とし、4個の単電池を直列に接続して組電池を作製した。また、4個の組電池を直列に接続して組電池セットを作製した。
下表1に示すように、実施例1−1では、充電状態(以下、SOCと略記する。)100%に調整した4個の単電池を用いて組電池を作製した。単電池のSOC差は0%となる。なお、表1において、SOC差は、単電池のSOC差の最大値を示している。
表1に示すように、実施例1−2では、SOC100%に調整した3個の単電池とSOC94%に調整した1個の単電池とで組電池を構成した。単電池のSOC差は6%以下となり、上述した割合値(6%)以下となる。
表1に示すように、実施例1−3では、SOC100%に調整した1個の単電池とSOC94%に調整した3個の単電池とで組電池を構成した。単電池のSOC差は6%以下となり、割合値以下となる。
表1に示すように、実施例2−1では、SOC100%に調整した3個の単電池とSOC97%に調整した1個の単電池とで組電池を構成した。単電池のSOC差は3%以下となり、割合値以下となる。
表1に示すように、実施例2−2では、SOC100%に調整した1個の単電池とSOC97%に調整した3個の単電池とで組電池を構成した。単電池のSOC差は3%以下となり、割合値以下となる。
表1に示すように、比較例1−1では、SOC100%に調整した3個の単電池とSOC92%に調整した1個の単電池とで組電池を構成した。単電池のSOC差は8%以下となり、割合値を越える。
表1に示すように、比較例1−2では、SOC100%に調整した1個の単電池とSOC92%に調整した3個の単電池とで組電池を構成した。単電池のSOC差は8%以下となり、割合値を越える。
表2に示すように、実施例3−1、実施例3−2の組電池セットでは、組電池1〜組電池4のいずれの組電池においても組電池内のSOC差を割合値(6%)以下とした。また、組電池1〜組電池4の全体についても単電池のSOC差を割合値以下とした。
表2に示すように、比較例3の組電池セットでは、組電池1〜組電池4のいずれの組電池においても組電池内のSOC差を割合値以下とし、組電池1〜組電池4の全体については単電池のSOC差が割合値を越えるものとした(組電池1の単電池1と、組電池3の単電池1とではSOC差7%、組電池1の単電池1と、組電池4の単電池1とではSOC差9%)。
作製した実施例1−1〜2−2及び比較例1−1〜1−2の組電池について、以下の充放電条件1で充放電を行い、初回の放電容量を測定した。同じ充放電条件1で充放電を100回繰り返し、100回目の放電容量を同様に測定した。初回の放電容量を100とした場合の、100回目の放電容量の割合を求め容量比とした。下表3に容量比の試験結果を示す。
<充放電条件1>
放電:25A定電流、終止電圧11.2V、45±2°C、休止20分
充電:50A、16.8V定電流低電圧、充電時間4時間、45±2°C、休止20分
作製した実施例3−1〜3−2及び比較例3の組電池セットについて、以下の充放電条件2で充放電を行い、初期の放電容量を測定した。各組電池セットを電気自動車に搭載したときの充電、走行(放電)の繰り返しを想定して、同じ充放電条件2で充放電を200回繰り返し、200回目の放電容量を同様に測定した。初期の放電容量を100とした場合の、200回目の放電容量の割合を求め容量比とした。下表4に容量比の試験結果を示す。
<充放電条件2>
放電:25A定電流、終止電圧44.8V、30±2°C、休止5分
充電:50A、67.2V定電流低電圧、充電時間4時間、30±2°C、休止20分
1’ 負極外部端子
6 捲回群
20 円筒型リチウムイオン電池(リチウム二次電池)
Claims (2)
- 負極活物質に炭素材を用いた負極の吸蔵可能な負極リチウム量が、正極活物質にリチウム遷移金属複酸化物を用いた正極の放出可能な正極リチウム量より大きいリチウム二次電池が直列接続された組電池において、前記各リチウム二次電池の充電状態(SOC)の差が、前記リチウム二次電池の容量に対する、前記正極の前記正極リチウム量の容量を表す正極充電容量と前記負極の前記負極リチウム量の容量を表す負極充電容量との差、の割合値以下であることを特徴とする組電池。
- 負極活物質に炭素材を用いた負極の吸蔵可能な負極リチウム量が、正極活物質にリチウム遷移金属複酸化物を用いた正極の放出可能な正極リチウム量より大きいリチウム二次電池を直列接続した組電池が少なくとも1つ搭載された電気自動車において、前記各リチウム二次電池の充電状態(SOC)の差が、前記リチウム二次電池の容量に対する、前記正極の前記正極リチウム量の容量を表す正極充電容量と前記負極の前記負極リチウム量の容量を表す負極充電容量との差、の割合値以下であることを特徴とする電気自動車。
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JP2003336808A JP4305111B2 (ja) | 2003-09-29 | 2003-09-29 | 組電池及び電気自動車 |
EP04021930A EP1542307B1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-15 | Battery pack and electric vehicle |
US10/951,810 US20050069773A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Battery pack and electric vehicle |
CNB200410080689XA CN100380714C (zh) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | 电池组和电动车辆 |
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EP (1) | EP1542307B1 (ja) |
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KR100726065B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-06-08 | 에스케이 주식회사 | 고출력 리튬 단전지 및 고출력 리튬 단전지를 구비한고출력 리튬 전지 팩 |
CN101393973B (zh) * | 2007-09-21 | 2013-06-26 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | 圆柱形二次电池 |
US8012619B2 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2011-09-06 | Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Establishing space between end of center gas pipe in battery and bottom of battery can |
US7972185B2 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2011-07-05 | Sb Limotive Co., Ltd. | Battery module having connector for connecting terminals |
US20100291418A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Battery packs, systems, and methods |
US20100291419A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Battery pack heat exchanger, systems, and methods |
US20100291427A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Modular powertrain, systems, and methods |
US20100291426A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Flexible fusible link, systems, and methods |
EP2432662A1 (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2012-03-28 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle component mounting arrangement |
WO2011127319A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Inc | Apparatus for preheating a battery pack before charging |
US9172120B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2015-10-27 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Battery pack fault communication and handling |
US8659261B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2014-02-25 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Battery pack enumeration method |
US8134333B2 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Battery and ultracapacitor device and method of use |
US8641273B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2014-02-04 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Thermal interlock for battery pack, device, system and method |
US8486283B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2013-07-16 | Sinoelectric Powertrain Corporation | Method of making fusible links |
CN103367663B (zh) * | 2012-03-29 | 2015-08-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种电池的密封组件及其制作方法、以及一种锂离子电池 |
CN104247141B (zh) * | 2012-05-07 | 2018-04-27 | 株式会社Lg 化学 | 电极组件和包括该电极组件的锂二次电池 |
JP6484895B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-26 | 2019-03-20 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | エネルギー密度が向上した二次電池用電極及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
US10094880B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2018-10-09 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Determining battery state of charge using an open circuit voltage measured prior to a device operation stage |
US20210159545A1 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2021-05-27 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
JP7131124B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-25 | 2022-09-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 組電池、車両、および組電池の製造方法 |
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JP2734822B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-31 | 1998-04-02 | 日本電池株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP4567109B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-24 | 2010-10-20 | パナソニック株式会社 | 二次電池の充放電制御方法 |
JP2002110250A (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-12 | At Battery:Kk | 非水系電解液二次電池 |
US20020081485A1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-06-27 | Toshihiro Takekawa | Non-aqueous rechargeable battery for vehicles |
JP2002280076A (ja) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-27 | Hitachi Ltd | リチウム二次電池、リチウム二次電池を用いたモジュール及びこれらを用いた装置 |
CN1205689C (zh) * | 2001-09-28 | 2005-06-08 | 任晓平 | 二次锂离子电池或电池组、其保护电路以及电子装置 |
CA2414982A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-21 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Grading cells for a battery pack |
JP3729164B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-05 | 2005-12-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 自動車用電池 |
-
2003
- 2003-09-29 JP JP2003336808A patent/JP4305111B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-15 EP EP04021930A patent/EP1542307B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-29 CN CNB200410080689XA patent/CN100380714C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-29 US US10/951,810 patent/US20050069773A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
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EP1542307A3 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
CN1604361A (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
JP2005108477A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
EP1542307B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
CN100380714C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
US20050069773A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
EP1542307A2 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
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