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JP4214286B2 - Dental root canal treatment instrument and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Dental root canal treatment instrument and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4214286B2
JP4214286B2 JP2000000481A JP2000000481A JP4214286B2 JP 4214286 B2 JP4214286 B2 JP 4214286B2 JP 2000000481 A JP2000000481 A JP 2000000481A JP 2000000481 A JP2000000481 A JP 2000000481A JP 4214286 B2 JP4214286 B2 JP 4214286B2
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root canal
working
shaft
length
treatment instrument
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JP2000000481A
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JP2001187068A (en
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貫司 松谷
敏之 高瀬
秀行 村井
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Mani Inc
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Mani Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、歯科治療に於ける根管を形成するためのリーマ,ファイルと呼ばれる歯科用根管治療器具に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
歯の根管は極めて細く且つ微妙に屈曲した形状を有しており、且つこの屈曲形状は個人差が大きい。このような根管を切削して形成する治療器具として、リーマやファイルが用いられている。リーマ,ファイルは螺旋状の切刃を有する切削用器具であり、切刃の頂点を結ぶ線はテーパ状に成形されており、リーマは主として回転操作、ファイルは主として押し引き操作して根管を切削する(但し、両者の間に厳密な区別があるわけではなく両方に使われるので、この説明ではリーマも含めてファイルとする)。またファイルの中には比較的捩じれ角度が弱く回転切削も可能なKファイルと、捩じれ角度が最も強く押し引き切削専用のHファイル等がある。
【0003】
ここで、現在提供されているKファイルの作業部の断面形状について説明する。図8は作業部の横断面図であり、図に示す円はKファイルの任意の位置に於ける切刃が内接する円である。図に於いて、51は横断面が正方形のKファイルであり、市場に提供されているファイルの中では高い断面二次モーメントを有する。このため、曲げや捩じりに対し高い抵抗を発揮するが、切刃51aのすくい角が小さく、切削性が悪く根管追従性も低い。
【0004】
また図8に於ける52は横断面が三角形のKファイルであり、前述のKファイル51に比較して断面二次モーメントが小さく、ある程度の根管追従性を有する。また切刃52aのすくい角が大きく且つ円との間に大きい空間を成形することが出来るため、切削性及び切削屑の排除性共に良好である。
【0005】
ファイルに一般的に要求される性能として、個人差の大きい歯の根管の屈曲形状に対し柔軟に追従し得ること、良好な切削性を有すること、切削した屑を押し引き又は回転操作に伴って容易に排除し得ること、良好な曲げ破断特性や、捩じりに対し高い破断角度特性を有すること、特に回転時に食い込みロックしないこと等が挙げられる。
【0006】
上記の如き根管治療器具は、目的のサイズに対応させた太さを持った線状の素材を成形し、この素材の外周を例えば特公昭58−52782 号公報に開示された方法等により長手方向に傾斜研削して目的の横断面形状とした後、例えば特公昭62−22733 号公報に開示された方法を採用して捩じることで製造される。また、別な方法として、例えば特公昭61−50455号公報に開示された方法等により線材を線材の回転軸と該回転軸に応じて軸の長さ方向に砥石を動かしながら軸と砥石の間隔を変化させて螺旋状に研削することにより製造される。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の如く、横断面が正方形のKファイルでは、切削性、根管追従性が悪いという問題がある。また横断面が三角形のKファイルでは、根管追従性は横断面が正方形のものより改善されているものの、切刃の耐久性が若干低いという問題がある。
【0008】
上記問題を解決するために横断面の形状が菱形の根管治療器具が開発されている。この根管治療器具は切削性や切削屑の排除性が良好であるが、切刃の耐久性の問題や、器具の回転時に食い込んでロックしやすいという問題がある。更に、根管追従性は改善されているとは言え、まだ不足であるという意見が多い。
【0009】
また、根管治療においては、特に奥歯等を治療する場合等に、患歯の上に十分な空間がなく狭いため、器具の作業部のシャフト部側の元部を曲げた状態で治療を行うことが多い。しかし、上記横断面が正方形、三角形、菱形のファイル等では、先端からシャフト部に向かって断面形状は相似形のまま太くなっているため、シャフト部側に行くほど柔軟性が低下し、曲がりにくくなっており、操作性が悪く、無理に元部を曲げて操作すると折れるという問題があった。
【0010】
本発明の目的は、切削性が良好で、更に器具の作業部のシャフト部側の元部に柔軟性を付与することとスムーズに動かせるようにすることで、操作性が良好で、特に根管のフレア部に対しても柔軟に追従し、目的の形状に速く形成することが出来る歯科用根管治療器具を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために本発明に係る歯科用根管治療器具は、シャフト部と、シャフト部に連続する螺旋状の切刃からなる作業部とを有する歯科用根管治療器具に於いて、作業部の横断面形状が長方形を含む平行四辺形であり、前記作業部のシャフト部側の元部(以下「元部」という)の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」が先端側の先端部(以下「先端部」という)の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」(以下「辺比」という)より大きく、且つ作業部の該元部の捩じれ角が該先端部の捩じれ角より大きいことを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
上記歯科用根管治療器具(以下、単に「治療器具」という)では、作業部の横断面の形状が長方形を含む平行四辺形であり、元部の辺比が先端部の辺比よりも大きく、且つ元部の捩じれ角が先端部の捩じれ角よりも大きいため、特に元部に於いて先端部と大きく異なることの無い柔軟性を発揮させることが出来ると共に良好な操作性を発揮させることが出来る。
【0013】
上記治療器具では、作業部の横断面形状を長方形を含む平行四辺形とすることで、長辺に沿った方向の断面二次モーメントと短辺に沿った方向の断面二次モーメントが大幅に異なり、曲げ易さに方向性が生じる。しかし、作業部が螺旋状に捩じった状態で成形されるため、該作業部全体としては曲げ易さの方向性が生じることがなく、高度な柔軟性を発揮することが出来る。
【0014】
作業部に於ける辺比を全長にわたって等しくするか或いは元部の辺比を小さくくした場合、先端部では曲がり易く元部が曲がり難くなる。この場合、治療器具の柔軟性が長さ方向に大きく異なることとなり、医師の操作がし難いという問題が生じることとなる。しかし作業部に於ける元部の辺比を先端部の辺比よりも大きくすることによって、元部の断面二次モーメントと先端側の断面二次モーメントが大きく異ならないように設定することで、元部の柔軟性を改善することが出来る。
【0015】
元部の辺比が先端部の辺比よりも大きいため、作業部の全長にわたって捩じれ角が一定である場合、辺比の大きい元部で切削する際にガタツキが生じる。しかし、元部の捩じれ角を先端部の捩じれ角よりも大きくすることによって、元部の単位長さ当たりの切刃の数を増加させることが出来、ガタツキの少ない円滑な切削を実現することが出来る。
【0016】
また本発明に係る他の治療器具は、シャフト部と、シャフト部に連続する螺旋状の切刃からなる作業部とを有する歯科用根管治療器具に於いて、作業部の横断面形状が長方形を含む平行四辺形であり、前記作業部のシャフト部側の元部の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」(辺比)が先端側の先端部の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」(辺比)より大きく、且つ作業部のテーパが2/100より大きいことを特徴とするものである。
【0017】
上記治療器具では、作業部のテーパを2/100よりも大きくすることによって、好ましい根管治療を行なうことが出来る。即ち、根管形成では、根管充填材等を圧入するために根尖部を5/100〜7/100のテーパのアピカルシートを形成することが好ましいことが報告されている。しかしテーパーを大きくした治療器具では、器具の元部の柔軟性が低下するので、湾曲した根管における根管追従性が低下するという問題があった。また、ISOでは作業部のテーパは2/100に規格化されているので、通常小サイズ〜大サイズの器具を頻繁に交換して切削することで近似したテーパ形状に成形している。更に、根管口付近の根管は器具の挿入性や内部の視野確保などの為に入口に向かって広がったフレア状に形成する。この場合は治療器具の元部のテーパーは7/100より大きいものが適していると言われているが、この場合も元部が太くなるので追従性が低下する問題があった。そこで、元部の辺比を先端部の辺比よりも大きくすることで根管追従性を向上させるとともに作業部を2/100よりも大きいテーパにすることで、一度の作業で好ましい根管形成を実現することが出来る構成とした。
【0018】
また本発明に係る治療器具の製造方法は、砥石と押金の間に線材を入れて削った後に捩じるか、線材の回転軸と該回転軸に応じて軸の長さ方向に砥石を動かしながら軸と砥石の間隔を変化させて螺旋状に削る歯科用根管治療器具の製造方法に於いて、作業部の長さ方向に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」(辺比)と、テーパと、太さとを設定して、短辺面及び長辺面を削るテーパを決定して、押金と砥石、又は回転軸と砥石の間隔の変化率を設定し、且つ作業部の任意部位の長辺の長さ及び短辺の長さを計算して、押金と砥石の最終間隔、又は回転軸と砥石の間隔を設定して、短辺面及び長辺面を夫々異なるテーパを持って削ることを特徴とするものである。尚、ここで言う「最終間隔」とは、研削工程の終了時に於ける押金と砥石の間隔のことである。
【0019】
上記製造方法では、予め目的の治療器具の番手と、作業部のテーパと、元部の辺比と先端部の辺比を決定する。そして決定された条件に基づいて、先端部の長辺の長さと短辺の長さ、及び元部の長辺と短辺の長さを演算し、演算された値から、長辺面のテーパ及び短辺面のテーパを算出することが出来る。従来の横断面が正方形、三角形、菱形などの治療器具は、各辺面を等しいテーパーで研削していたが、本発明に係る治療器具の製造方法では、上記により算出した長辺面と短辺面の夫々のテーパを持って各辺面を削り、その後、削った素材を捩じるか、線材の回転軸と該回転軸に応じて軸の長さ方向に砥石を動かしながら軸と砥石の間隔を変化させて螺旋状に削ることで治療器具を製造することが出来る。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
上記治療器具の好ましい実施形態について図を用いて説明する。図1は治療器具の全体構成を説明する側面図である。図2は治療器具の作業部に於ける元部と先端部の横断面図であり(a)は図1の21−21断面図,(b)は図1の24−24断面図である。図3は作業部の捩じり角を説明する拡大図である。図4は#15の治療器具の曲げトルクを比較した図である。図5は#35の治療器具の曲げトルクを比較した図である。図6は治療器具を製造する際に素材を削る数値を算出する手順を説明する図である。図7は作業部を捩じる方法を説明する図である。
【0021】
図1に示す治療器具Aは歯の根管壁を切削して形成するための器具であり、特に、医師が手で把持して操作するものである。そして医師が指先に挟んで微妙な感触をたよりに操作することで根管を切削することで、患者の歯に目的の径と形状を持った根管を形成するのに用いられる。
【0022】
治療器具Aは、番手が#06(先端部位の太さが0.06mm)〜#140(先端部位の太さが1.40mm)の範囲で複数の太さを持った種類のものが提供されている。このように治療器具Aでは呼び番手が先端部位の太さに対応している。
【0023】
特に、請求項1に係る治療器具は、根管を治療する際に特に元部に於ける柔軟性を発揮させるとともに良好な操作性を発揮させるようにしたものであり、また第2請求項に係る治療器具は一度の作業で根尖部を適度なテーパに形成したり、根管口のフレアー部を大きなテーパーに形成すると共に良好な根管追従性と操作性を発揮し得るようにしたものである。以下、各請求項に係る発明を実現した一実施例の治療器具Aの構成について説明する。
【0024】
治療器具Aはシャフト部1と、シャフト部1に連なる作業部2とによって構成されている。本実施例では、作業部2の先端4は、番手や作業部2の断面形状の如何に関わらず、所定角度(例えば60度〜90度)の尖部として構成されている。またシャフト部1は一連の製造工程中で合成樹脂製のハンドル3にインサート成形されて一体化されている。
【0025】
シャフト部1はハンドル3側から作業部2に接近するに従って、断面が円形から作業部2の断面である平行四辺形に成形される。シャフト部1のうち、作業部2をこのように構成することによって、急激に断面形状及び断面積を変化させることなく、応力の集中を排除して治療中に作用する曲げ力に対し良好に対抗することが可能である。
【0026】
作業部2は長方形を含む平行四辺形の横断面を有しており、全長にわたって捩じられている。作業部2は予めシャフト部1側の元部の方が先端4側の先端部の辺比よりも大きくなるように設定されると共に、元部の捩じれ角の方が先端部の捩じれ角よりも大きい角度に設定されている。
【0027】
また作業部2を捩じることによって成形された平行四辺形の頂点を結ぶ線からなる輪郭はテーパ状に成形されている。特に、根尖部形成(アピカルシート形成)を好ましいテーパで実施するために、作業部2の先端4から所定長さ(例えば5mm)は2/100よりも大きいテーパで成形することが必要であり、5/100〜7/100のテーパを有することが好ましい。又、根管口のフレアー部の拡大を目的とする治療器具Aの場合、シャフト部と作業部の境から所定長さ(例えば8mm)テーパを7/100より大きくすることが好ましい。しかし上記範囲に限定するものではない。
【0028】
本実施例に於ける作業部2では、シャフト部1側の元部の位置21に於ける断面形状、及び先端4側の先端部の位置24に於ける断面形状が、図2に示すように、短辺24a,21aと長辺24b,21bとからなる長方形として成形されている。ここで、位置21は作業部2に於けるシャフト部1側に近接した位置であり、同図(a)に示す断面形状を有し、位置24は先端4の近傍で該先端4から所定寸法(例えば0mm或いは1mm等の位置、但し、0mm部は実質的には尖部で点となり平行四辺形の断面はないが、それより元側の形状の延長線として仮想的に考えることが可能である。また尖部を除く尖部の近傍の平行四辺形の横断面を維持する先端部と考えても良い。しかしこの寸法を限定するものではない)離隔した位置であり、同図(b)に示す断面形状を有している。
【0029】
上記各位置21,24に於ける長辺21b,24bと短辺21a,24aの辺比は、柔軟性や屈曲根管追従性等の観点から、従来の根管治療器具に対しはっきりとした優位性を示す値として多数の医師の意見も取りいれて求めたものである。
【0030】
作業部2の各位置21,24に於ける長辺21b,24bと短辺21a,24aの辺比は、治療器具Aの番手或いはテーパーの大小によって異なる値に設定されている。例えば本実施例では、番手の大きい或いはテーパの小さい治療器具Aでは、位置21に於ける辺比は7,位置24に於ける辺比は6程度に設定されており辺比の差は小さく、番手の小さい或いはテーパの大きい治療器具Aでは、位置21に於ける辺比は6,位置24に於ける辺比は2程度に設定されて辺比の差が大きくなっている。しかし、前記辺比は実施例に過ぎずこの値に限定するものではないことは当然である。
【0031】
上記の如く、作業部2の断面が長方形であることから、対角線21d,24d上に夫々切刃21c,24cが成形される。即ち、断面に於ける4つの頂点に夫々切刃21c,24cが成形されることとなる。
【0032】
しかし、必ずしも各頂点に切刃21c,24cを成形する必要はなく、作業部2の捩じり方向との関係で相対的な回転方向が矢印a方向である場合、短辺21a,24aに於ける回転方向に先行するエッジを切刃21c,24cとし、後行するエッジを潰す(横断面を長方形として後行するエッジを機械的に潰す)ことで切れ刃を無くすか、或いは鈍角として(横断面を第2図(a),(b)に点線で示すような平行四辺形とすることで先行するエッジを鋭角とし、後行するエッジを鈍角とする)、21c′,24c′の エッジを外接円の内側に位置させて、切刃としての機能を発揮させることのないように成形しても良い。
【0033】
このように、短辺21a,24aに於ける回転方向に先行するエッジを90度又は鋭角の切刃21c,24cとすることによって、根管治療を行う際に、治療器具Aを押し操作又は逆回転操作したときに切刃21c,24cは切削性を発揮することなく、引き操作又は正回転操作したときにのみ切削性を発揮させることが可能である。特に、切刃21c,24cが鋭角である場合、根管壁となす角(及び掬い角)が大きくなり、良好な切削性を発揮するとともにエッジ21c′,24c′を外接円の内側に位置させて21c,24cによる切削を干渉させないことが可能である。
【0034】
作業部2に於けるシャフト部1側(位置21)の辺比を先端4側(位置24)の辺比よりも大きくする場合、両位置21,24の間で段階的に変化させても良いが、連続的に変化させることが好ましい。即ち、位置21と位置24の間の何れかの位置で辺比を段階的に変化させる場合、作業部2の断面形状が不連続となり、加工方法が難しくなる。
【0035】
このため、後に製造方法の説明で詳述するように、位置21と位置24の距離及び夫々の位置に於ける辺比を設定すると共に、与えられた条件(番手,テーパ等)から夫々の位置21,24に於ける短辺21a,24a、長辺21b,24bの寸法を計算し、この計算結果から求めた長辺面のテーパ角度、及び短辺面のテーパ角度に基づいて材料を削ることで、位置21から位置24にかけて連続的に辺比が小さくなる平行四辺形の断面を持った素材を成形し、この素材を捩じり加工することによって治療器具Aを製造することが可能である。
【0036】
作業部2の位置21に於ける捩じり角β21は、位置24に於ける捩じり角β24よりも大きい角度を有している。これにより位置21に於けるピッチP1を、位置24に於けるピッチP4に近づけた値とし、位置24の近傍に於ける単位長さ当たりの切刃数と位置21の近傍に於ける単位長さ当たりの切刃数を近づけるように設定することが可能である。
【0037】
作業部2に於ける捩じり角β21,24は夫々の位置に設定された辺比に対応して設定されるものであり、一義的に設定されるものではない。しかし、使用上の観点から、手動操作する治療器具Aでは先端4から略5mm程度に於ける捩じり角が35度〜70度の範囲であることが好ましく、エンジン用の治療器具Aでは食い込みを防止するため元部の捩じり角β21を25度以上、先端部の捩じり角β24を25度未満とすることが好ましい。しかし、捩じり角を前記範囲に限定するものではなく、適宜設定することが可能であることは当然である。
【0038】
上記の如く、作業部2に於ける元部の辺比を先端部の辺比よりも大きくしたにも関わらず、元部と先端部の単位長さ当たりの切刃数を近づけたことによって、根管を治療するに際し、根管壁を作業部2の元部の切刃で切削する場合であっても、ガタツキのない円滑な切削を実現することが可能である。
【0039】
特に、元部の辺比を大きくした状態で単位長さ当たりの切刃数が少ない場合、辺比が大きいことによる曲げ易さの方向性が極端になることからガタツキが生じて操作し難く、且つ押し引き操作したときに根管に接触する切刃数が少なくなることから切削性が劣るという問題が発生する虞があるが、上記の如く単位長さ当たりの切刃数を多くすることによって、作業部2の,曲がりの起点を多くして柔軟性を向上することが可能であり、切刃数が増加することで切削性を向上することが可能となる。
【0040】
また作業部2を上記の如く捩じるにも関わらず、更に、先端4の近傍の先端部の捩じり角を変化させることも可能である。例えば図3に示すように、先端4から所定長さL(約5mm程度)の範囲の捩じり角β1を、作業部2の他の部位の捩じり角β2よりも小さく、例えば25度以下とすることも可能である。この場合、先端4から所定長さ範囲のリードが長くなるため、治療器具Aを回転操作した場合であっても、先端部4の近傍が根管に食い込むことがない。
【0041】
作業部2は前述したように2/100よりも大きい5/100〜7/100程度のテーパを持って成形されている。このテーパは作業部2の全長にわたって同一である必要はなく、長さ方向に異なるテーパを持って成形されていても良い。例えば主として根尖の形成に関わる先端4から所定長さ(約5mm程度)の範囲を大きいテーパとし、この範囲を除く部分を2/100程度のテーパとしても良い。この場合、根尖を好ましいテーパを持って形成することが可能であり、且つ先端部に於ける折損を防ぐことが可能となる。また、逆に元端側のテーパーを先端側のテーパーより大きくしても良い。この場合、先端側のテーパーを比較的小さくすることで、レッジを形成すること無く、根管の湾曲部(根尖部から2〜3mm部)に沿った形成ができ、元端側のテーパーを大きくすることで根管のフレア部等の拡大において、太い器具に交換することなく、的確に切削することが可能である。
【0042】
また、作業部のテーパーは、作業部の一部が2/100以下であっても作業部全体として2/100より大きければ良い。
【0043】
また作業部2を、位置21に於ける辺比と位置24に於ける辺比を段階的に変化させた場合には、夫々の辺比に対応させて各辺のテーパを設定すると共に段階的に変化させることが必要である。
【0044】
次に、上記の如く構成された治療器具Aの曲げトルクを他の構成のファイルの曲げトルクと比較した実験結果について説明する。本実験は#15と#35に相当する治療器具について比較したものである。
【0045】
実験はISO規格に準じた方法で、作業部の先端から3mm,8mm,13mmの部位に於ける曲げトルクを計測して行った。実験の結果得られた#15のデータを表1に示し、得られたグラフを図4に示す。また#35のデータを表2に、グラフを図5に示す。
【0046】
【表1】

Figure 0004214286
【0047】
【表2】
Figure 0004214286
【0048】
尚、表1,2, 図4,5に於いて1:2.5 〜4RTと記載されたファイルは先端の辺比が2.5で元端の辺比が4と元部の辺比を大きくした本実施例に係る治療器具Aに対応するものであり、1:2RT、1:3RT、1:4RTと記載されたファイルは作業部の横断面が平行四辺形で且つ辺比が夫々2,3,4と一定の治療器具であり、FLEXILEと記載されたファイルは従来の断面が三角形のKファイルであり、横断面菱形と記載されたファイルは従来市販の断面菱形ファイルであり、当然辺比は一定である。
【0049】
上記実験結果から明らかなように、各番手共に本実施例に係る治療器具Aの曲げトルクの変化率は他と比べて一定に近く且つ従来のファイルに比較して小さい。即ち、3mm部位での曲げトルクは従来のファイルと差が小さいように見えるが、この差は実際は大きく治療に影響する。8mm部位、13mm部位とシャフト側へ行くに従って当然曲げトルクが辺比4に近づき、従来のファイル(Flexile Files、断面菱形ファイル等)と比較して、非常に小さくなる。ちなみに表1、2、図4,5における本実施例の辺比2.5〜4の器具の3,8,13mm部の辺比を計算すると夫々略2.75、3.25、3.72であり、実験結果について納得できる。この実施例では2.5〜4であるがこれを2.5〜6とすることなどで更に全長にわたって曲げ力を一定に近くでき、又場合によっては逆転させることも可能である。
【0050】
従って、本実施例に係る治療器具Aでは、少なくとも3mmから13mmの範囲では差の大きく無い曲がり易さを有することとなる。言い換えると、作業部2の何れの部位を曲げる場合であっても、曲げ力が大きく変わらないことが良い。但し元部が先端部より曲げ力が小さいと先端部へ力が伝わりにくくなるので一般的臨床では逆転しない方が好ましい。このように、本実施例に係る治療器具Aでは作業部2を全長にわたって大きく変わることの無い柔軟性を発揮させることが可能となる。
【0051】
次に、作業部2の辺比を連続的に変化させた治療器具Aを製造する方法の例について横断面が長方形の場合で、図6,図7により説明する。尚、ここでは横断面が長方形の場合で説明するが、横断面が鋭角を有する平行四辺形の場合においても、条件を調整することで上記テーパーを算出することができることは言うまでもない。
【0052】
この方法は特に作業部2を構成するものであり、シャフト部1に連なる作業部2を構成した後、合成樹脂製の手用ハンドル3と一体化させるか、或いはハンドピースに装着するためのエンジン用ハンドルと接続するかあるいはハンドルを付けずに直接別な器具に取付けるかを問うものではない。
【0053】
治療器具Aを製造する場合、先ず、目的の治療器具Aの番手(作業部2に於ける先端4の仮想の径C0 )と、テーパTと、先端4の仮想(図に於ける0)の辺比R0 と、元部の位置(図に於ける16(先端から16mmの位置))の辺比R16とが設定される。
【0054】
上記条件に対応させて、全長が治療器具Aのシャフト部1と作業部2の長さを有し、一方の端部が予め設定された目的の治療器具Aの番手に対応させたC0 に、且つ他方の端部がシャフト部1に対応する寸法を持つ円錐柱状体を成形している。前記円錐柱状体を構成する材料として特に限定するものではないが、錆びが発生することがなく且つ熱処理硬化を要しないもの、例えば冷間線引き加工を施すことで充分に高い硬度と曲げ強さを発揮したオーステナイト系ステンレスを使用することが好ましい。この材料を研削等の手段で加工することで、シャフト部1に対応する部分と、作業部2に対応する偏平な部分を持った中間素材を成形している。
【0055】
図6は目的の治療器具Aの作業部2の一部に対応させた中間素材の一部を現すものである。この中間素材ではシャフト部1は表現されていないが、便宜上、図示したものを中間素材30という。
【0056】
上記中間素材30に於いて、一方の端部0が作業部2に於ける先端4(図1に於ける位置24とは多少ずれるが近似的に同じとする)に対応し、他方の端部16が先端4から16mmの位置(図1に於ける位置21)に対応する。また端部0に於ける長方形断面の対角線d0 は目的の治療器具Aの番手C0 に対応した寸法(例えば#15では0.15mm)であり、端部16に於ける長方形断面の対角線d16は前記対角線d0 にテーパTによる増分を加える(C0 +16T)ことによって計算される。
【0057】
従って式1に示すように、端部0に於ける各辺a0 ,b0 の寸法は対角線d0 (C0 )の値と、辺比R0 の値とによって計算することが可能であり、端部16に於ける各辺a16,b16の寸法は対角線d0 (C0 +16T)の値と辺比R16の値とによって計算することが可能である。前記の如くして端部0,16に於ける各辺の寸法を計算することによって、距離16mmに於ける短辺の増分と長辺の増分を夫々計算することが可能である。そして各辺の増分を計算することによって、短辺面のテーパTa及び長辺面のテーパTbを計算することが可能である。
【0058】
【式1】
Figure 0004214286
【0059】
従って、中間素材30を、例えば特公昭58-52782号公報に開示されるように押し金によって砥石に押圧(押し金が固定で砥石が動いてもよい)しつつ各辺a,bを上記テーパTa,Tbに基づいて傾斜させて研削する。この研削の第1の工程は、平行な2方向から研削して作業部2に於ける長辺21b,24b(端部0の長辺b0 ,端部16の長辺b16、以下同じ)の寸法に仕上げるものであり、この工程を経ることによって短辺21a,24a(端部0の短辺a0 ,端部16の短辺a16、以下同じ)の面が仕上がることになる。
【0060】
次に、中間素材30を例えば90度回転させ、その後、この状態で2方向から研削して短辺21a,24aの寸法に仕上げることで、長辺21b,24bの面を仕上げ、これにより、作業部2を目的の断面、即ち、作業部2に於ける位置21の辺比が位置24の辺比よりも大きい長方形断面に仕上げることが可能である。ここで「仕上げ」とは、「成形」を意味するものである。
【0061】
上記は、長方形断面の治療器具を製造する場合で説明したが、上記のように90度回転させず、鋭角(例えば85度)回転させた場合は、21b,24bの面がそれぞれ図3に点線で表示した21b′,24b′となって成形され、21cの切刃角は鋭角(例えば85度)となり、もう一つの角21c′,24c′は鈍角(例えば95度)となり、且つ外接円に接しない角となる。この場合のC0,C16(21d,24d)は同じであるが、短辺21a,24a長さは21c′,24c′までと短くなり、長辺21b′,24b′は多少長くなる。これ等のことを予め計算に入れておけば上記長方形の場合と同様に成形することが可能である。
【0062】
上記の如くして中間素材30を目的の断面形状を持った直状に研削した後、予め設定された異なる捩じれ角度で捩じることで目的の作業部2を持った治療器具Aを構成する。中間素材30を捩じる場合、例えば特公昭62−22733 号公報に開示された方法を採用することが可能である。
【0063】
図7の方法は、互いに対向させて且つ予め設定された間隔を持って、一対の針押さえ治具31と、一対の針支え治具32を配置し、これらの針押さえ治具31と針支え治具32とによって構成された成形空間33に中間素材30を挿通し、この状態で全体を回転させると共に中間素材30を相対的に長さ方向に移動させることで、作業部2を捩じりることが可能となる。この図のように押さえ冶具31の間隔が広い場合は後行するエッジは潰れる。この成形空間33は移動しながら中間材の寸法に対応して変化できる構造であり、更に、最初から押さえ冶具31の間隔を中間材に一致させて後行するエッジをシャープなまま捩じることも可能である。
【0064】
従って、針押さえ治具31,針支え治具32を一定速度で回転させつつ中間素材30の移動速度を変更することで、或いは中間素材30を一定速度で移動させつつ各治具31,32の回転速度を変更することで、作業部2に於けるシャフト部1側の捩じり角を先端4側の捩じり角よりも大きい角として捩じることが可能である。
【0065】
もう1つの方法は、特公昭61−50455号公報に開示された方法等により線材を線材の回転軸と該回転軸に応じて軸の長さ方向に砥石を動かしながら各辺a,bを軸と砥石の間隔を上記テーパTa,Tbに基づいてTa/2,Tb/2だけ変化させて螺旋状に研削することにより製造することも可能である。この辺aを削った後に辺bを削るに当たって当然90度なり85度なり所定の割り出しをしなければならない。
【0066】
上記製造方法を実行することによって、元部の辺比が先端部の辺比よりも大きく、且つ元部の捩じり角が先端部の捩じり角よりも大きい作業部2を合理的に製造することが可能である。ここで、短辺面、長辺面を仕上げた後に(捩じる場合も捩じる前か後に)バリ取り、尖部加工、熱処理、表面の酸洗、表面硬化、表面着色等の表面仕上げを追加して行ってもこの請求項3の製造方法の範囲であることは言うまでもない。
【0067】
尚、作業部2に於ける元部の辺比と、先端部の辺比の両方を番手の上昇に伴って大きくすることが好ましい。又、元部の辺比と先端部の辺比との比は番手の上昇に伴って小さくすることが好ましく、作業部2のテーパが大きいもの程、大きくすることが好ましい。作業部2をこのように構成することによって、作業部2の柔軟性を維持することが可能である。
【0068】
また各実施例に於いて、作業部2の断面は平行四辺形及び長方形を含む平行四辺形として規定しているが、これらの形状は、厳密な意味で平行四辺形或いは長方形である必要はなく、巨視的に見て平行四辺形であり長方形であれば良い。
【0069】
また、平行四辺形の角度としては1つの角が80度〜90度であることが好ましい。このように鋭角を80度以上とすることによって、器具の回転操作などによる食い込みを防止することが可能であり、ひいては器具の破折事故を防止することが可能となる。
【0070】
また、ここではすべて元部の長辺面が先端部においても長辺面である場合で説明したが、元部の長辺面が先端部では短辺面となるようなものであっても良い。この場合は中部で正方形の部分ができて従来品のように曲げに強く、元部と先端部が曲げに弱いものとなる。このようなものも目的によっては有用であり、元部の辺比が先端部の辺比よりも大きい場合は本発明の範疇である。
【0071】
またシャフト部1を取り付けるハンドルは、主として手操作による場合は図1に示すハンドル3で良い。しかし、治療器具Aをハンドピースに装着して治療する場合、ハンドルとして金属製等のエンジン用のものが設けられる。またハンドピースに装着することを前提とした作業部2では捩じれ角を30度以下に設定することが好ましい。この捩じれ角が大きい場合、ハンドピースを回転させることによって根管壁に食い込むことが多くなる。
【0072】
【発明の効果】
以上詳細に説明したように本発明に係る治療器具では、器具の元部に柔軟性を付与したので、従来の根管治療器具に比べ格段に操作性が向上し、又根管に沿った形成が出来、且つ元部と先端部の単位長さ当たりの切刃の数を近づけて円滑な切削を実現することが出来る。
【0073】
また作業部のテーパを2/100よりも大きくすることによって、一度の作業で根尖を好ましいテーパ角度で形成することが出来るし、根管口付近のフレア部を形成することが出来る。
【0074】
また本発明に係る製造方法では、作業部の横断面が長方形を含む平行四辺形で元部の辺比が先端部の辺比よりも大きくした治療器具を合理的に製造することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】治療器具の全体構成を説明する側面図である。
【図2】治療器具の作業部に於ける元部と先端部の横断面図であり(a)は図1の21−21断面図,(b)は図1の24−24断面図である。
【図3】作業部の捩じり角を説明する拡大図である。
【図4】図4は#15の治療器具の曲げトルクを比較した図である。
【図5】図5は#35の治療器具の曲げトルクを比較した図である。
【図6】治療器具を製造する際に素材を削る数値を算出する手順を説明する図である。
【図7】作業部を捩じる方法を説明する図である。
【図8】従来提供されているファイルの横断面を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
A 治療器具
1 シャフト部
2 作業部
21 元部の位置
24 先部の位置
21a,24a 短辺
21b,24b,21b',24b' 長辺
21c,24c 切刃
21c',24c' 切刃でない鈍角のエッジ
3 ハンドル
4 先端
30 中間素材
31 針押さえ治具
32 針支え治具
33 成形空間[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dental root canal treatment instrument called a reamer or file for forming a root canal in dental treatment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The root canal of the tooth has a very thin and slightly bent shape, and this bent shape has great individual differences. Reamers and files are used as therapeutic instruments for cutting and forming such root canals. The reamer and the file are cutting tools having a spiral cutting edge, and the line connecting the vertices of the cutting edge is formed in a taper shape. The reamer is mainly rotated and the file is mainly pushed and pulled to remove the root canal. Cut (however, since there is no strict distinction between the two and they are used for both, this description uses the file including the reamer). Among the files, there are a K file that has a relatively low twist angle and can be cut by rotation, and an H file that has the strongest twist angle and is dedicated for push-pull cutting.
[0003]
Here, the cross-sectional shape of the working part of the currently provided K file will be described. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the working unit, and the circle shown in the figure is a circle inscribed by the cutting blade at an arbitrary position of the K file. In the figure, 51 is a K file having a square cross section, which has a high moment of inertia of the cross section among the files provided on the market. For this reason, although high resistance is exhibited with respect to bending and twisting, the rake angle of the cutting edge 51a is small, the cutting ability is poor, and the root canal following ability is also low.
[0004]
Further, 52 in FIG. 8 is a K file having a triangular cross section, which has a smaller moment of section compared to the K file 51 described above and has a certain degree of root canal following ability. In addition, since the rake angle of the cutting edge 52a is large and a large space can be formed between the cutting edge 52a and the circle, the machinability and the removal of cutting waste are both good.
[0005]
The performance generally required for files is that it can flexibly follow the bent shape of the root canal of teeth, which has great individual differences, that it has good cutting properties, and that it is accompanied by pushing and pulling or rotating operations of the cut waste. For example, having good bending fracture characteristics, high fracture angle characteristics with respect to torsion, and not biting and locking especially during rotation.
[0006]
The above-mentioned root canal treatment instrument is formed by forming a linear material having a thickness corresponding to a desired size, and the outer periphery of this material is elongated by, for example, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-52782. For example, it is manufactured by adopting the method disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-22733 and twisting it after subjecting it to an inclined grinding in the direction. Further, as another method, for example, the distance between the shaft and the grindstone while moving the grindstone in the length direction of the shaft according to the rotation axis of the wire rod by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-50455, etc. It is manufactured by grinding spirally while changing
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the K file having a square cross section has a problem of poor cutting performance and root canal following ability. Further, in the K file having a triangular cross section, the root canal followability is improved as compared with the square cross section, but there is a problem that the durability of the cutting edge is slightly lower.
[0008]
In order to solve the above problem, a root canal treatment instrument having a rhombic cross section has been developed. Although this root canal treatment instrument has good cutting performance and removal of cutting debris, there are problems of durability of the cutting edge and problems that it is easy to bite and lock when the instrument rotates. Furthermore, although root canal followability is improved, there are many opinions that it is still insufficient.
[0009]
In root canal treatment, especially when treating the back teeth, etc., since there is not enough space on the affected tooth and the space is narrow, treatment is performed with the base portion of the working portion of the instrument bent on the shaft side. There are many cases. However, in the case of files with the above-mentioned cross section being square, triangle, rhombus, etc., since the cross-sectional shape becomes thicker from the tip toward the shaft part, the flexibility decreases and the bending becomes difficult as it goes to the shaft part side. Therefore, the operability is poor, and there is a problem that it breaks when it is operated by forcibly bending the base part.
[0010]
The object of the present invention is that the machinability is good, and the operability is good, especially by providing flexibility to the base part on the shaft side of the working part of the instrument and allowing it to move smoothly. Another object of the present invention is to provide a dental root canal treatment instrument that can flexibly follow the flared portion and can be quickly formed into a desired shape.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a dental root canal treatment instrument according to the present invention is a dental root canal treatment instrument having a shaft portion and a working portion made of a spiral cutting blade continuous with the shaft portion. The cross section of the working part is a parallelogram including a rectangle. The “long side length / short side length” in the cross section of the base portion (hereinafter referred to as “base portion”) of the working portion is the tip end portion (hereinafter referred to as “tip portion”). And the twist angle of the base part of the working part is larger than the twist angle of the tip part. The “long side length / short side length” (hereinafter referred to as “side ratio”) It is characterized by being large.
[0012]
In the above-mentioned dental root canal treatment instrument (hereinafter simply referred to as “treatment instrument”), the shape of the cross section of the working part is a parallelogram including a rectangle, and the side ratio of the base part is larger than the side ratio of the tip part. In addition, since the twist angle of the base part is larger than the twist angle of the tip part, it is possible to exhibit flexibility that is not significantly different from the tip part, particularly in the base part, and to exhibit good operability. I can do it.
[0013]
In the above treatment instrument, the cross-sectional secondary moment in the direction along the long side is significantly different from the cross-sectional secondary moment in the direction along the short side by making the cross-sectional shape of the working part a parallelogram including a rectangle. The directionality occurs in the ease of bending. However, since the working portion is molded in a spirally twisted state, the working portion as a whole does not have a direction of bending ease and can exhibit a high degree of flexibility.
[0014]
When the side ratio in the working part is made equal over the entire length or the side ratio of the base part is made small, the tip part is easy to bend and the base part is difficult to bend. In this case, the flexibility of the treatment instrument varies greatly in the length direction, which causes a problem that it is difficult for the doctor to operate. However, by setting the side ratio of the base part in the working part to be larger than the side ratio of the tip part, by setting so that the secondary moment of section of the base part and the secondary moment of section of the tip side do not differ greatly, The flexibility of the base part can be improved.
[0015]
Since the side ratio of the base part is larger than the side ratio of the tip part, when the twist angle is constant over the entire length of the working part, rattling occurs when cutting at the base part having a large side ratio. However, by making the twist angle of the base part larger than the twist angle of the tip part, the number of cutting edges per unit length of the base part can be increased, and smooth cutting with little backlash can be realized. I can do it.
[0016]
In addition, another treatment instrument according to the present invention is a dental root canal treatment instrument having a shaft portion and a working portion made of a spiral cutting blade continuous with the shaft portion. The cross section of the working part is a parallelogram including a rectangle. The “long side length / short side length” (side ratio) in the cross section of the base portion on the shaft portion side of the working portion is the “long side length” in the cross section of the tip portion on the tip side. It is larger than the “length / length of short side” (side ratio), and the taper of the working part is larger than 2/100.
[0017]
In the above-mentioned treatment instrument, a preferable root canal treatment can be performed by making the taper of the working part larger than 2/100. That is, in root canal formation, it has been reported that it is preferable to form an apical sheet having a taper of 5/100 to 7/100 at the apex to press-fit a root canal filling material. However, the treatment instrument having a large taper has a problem that the flexibility of the base part of the instrument is lowered, and the root canal following ability in a curved root canal is lowered. In ISO, since the taper of the working part is standardized to 2/100, it is usually formed into a taper shape approximated by frequently exchanging and cutting small-sized to large-sized instruments. Further, the root canal in the vicinity of the root canal is formed in a flared shape that expands toward the entrance in order to insert the instrument and secure an internal visual field. In this case, it is said that the taper of the base part of the treatment instrument is larger than 7/100, but in this case as well, there is a problem that followability is lowered because the base part is thick. Therefore, by making the side ratio of the base part larger than the side ratio of the tip part, the root canal following ability is improved and the working part is tapered to be larger than 2/100, thereby forming a preferable root canal in one operation. It was set as the structure which can implement | achieve.
[0018]
Further, the method for manufacturing a treatment instrument according to the present invention includes a wire rod placed between a grindstone and a presser and then twisted or moved in the length direction of the shaft according to the rotation axis of the wire rod and the rotation axis. In the method of manufacturing a dental root canal treatment device that changes the distance between the shaft and the grindstone while spirally cutting, the “long side length / short side length” in the length direction of the working part ( (Side ratio), taper, and thickness are set, the taper for cutting the short side surface and the long side surface is determined, the rate of change of the distance between the pressing plate and the grindstone, or the rotation shaft and the grindstone is set, and the work Calculate the length of the long side and the length of the short side of the arbitrary part of the part, set the final distance between the presser and the grindstone, or the distance between the rotating shaft and the grindstone, and the short side surface and the long side surface are different. It is characterized by cutting with a taper. The “final interval” referred to here is the interval between the presser and the grindstone at the end of the grinding process.
[0019]
In the above manufacturing method, the count of the target treatment instrument, the taper of the working part, the side ratio of the base part, and the side ratio of the tip part are determined in advance. Then, based on the determined conditions, the length of the long side and the length of the short side of the tip part, and the length of the long side and the short side of the base part are calculated, and the taper of the long side surface is calculated from the calculated values. In addition, the taper of the short side surface can be calculated. Conventional treatment devices having a square, triangle, rhombus and the like having a cross section of each side have each side surface ground with an equal taper. However, in the method for manufacturing a treatment device according to the present invention, the long side surface and the short side calculated above are used. Shaving each side with each taper of the surface, and then twisting the shaved material or moving the grinding wheel in the length direction of the shaft according to the rotation axis of the wire and the axis of the grinding wheel A therapeutic device can be manufactured by changing the interval and cutting it into a spiral shape.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the therapeutic device will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating the overall configuration of the treatment instrument. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of the base portion and the distal end portion in the working portion of the treatment instrument, wherein FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 21-21 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 24-24 in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view for explaining the torsion angle of the working part. FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing the bending torques of the therapeutic instrument # 15. FIG. 5 is a diagram comparing the bending torques of the treatment instrument # 35. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a procedure for calculating a numerical value for cutting a material when manufacturing a treatment instrument. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of twisting the working unit.
[0021]
The treatment instrument A shown in FIG. 1 is an instrument for cutting and forming the root canal wall of a tooth, and in particular, a doctor grasps and operates with a hand. The root canal is cut by a doctor operating it with a delicate touch and is used to form a root canal having a desired diameter and shape on the patient's teeth.
[0022]
The treatment instrument A is provided with a type having a plurality of thicknesses in a range of # 06 (tip portion thickness 0.06 mm) to # 140 (tip portion thickness 1.40 mm). . As described above, in the treatment instrument A, the calling number corresponds to the thickness of the tip portion.
[0023]
In particular, the therapeutic instrument according to claim 1 is designed to exhibit flexibility at the base part and to exhibit good operability when treating the root canal. The treatment instrument is designed to form a root taper with an appropriate taper in a single operation, or to form a flare at the root canal with a large taper and to exhibit good root canal following and operability. It is. Hereinafter, the configuration of the treatment instrument A of one embodiment that realizes the invention according to each claim will be described.
[0024]
The therapeutic instrument A includes a shaft portion 1 and a working portion 2 connected to the shaft portion 1. In the present embodiment, the distal end 4 of the working unit 2 is configured as a pointed portion having a predetermined angle (for example, 60 degrees to 90 degrees) regardless of the count or the cross-sectional shape of the working unit 2. The shaft portion 1 is integrated with a handle 3 made of synthetic resin by insert molding in a series of manufacturing processes.
[0025]
As the shaft portion 1 approaches the working portion 2 from the handle 3 side, the cross section is formed from a circular shape into a parallelogram that is the cross section of the working portion 2. By configuring the working portion 2 of the shaft portion 1 in this manner, the stress concentration is eliminated and the bending force acting during the treatment is satisfactorily resisted without suddenly changing the cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional area. Is possible.
[0026]
The working unit 2 has a parallelogram-shaped cross section including a rectangle, and is twisted over its entire length. The working part 2 is set in advance so that the base part on the shaft part 1 side is larger than the side ratio of the tip part on the tip part 4 side, and the twist angle of the base part is larger than the twist angle of the tip part. A large angle is set.
[0027]
Further, a contour formed by a line connecting the apexes of the parallelogram formed by twisting the working portion 2 is formed in a tapered shape. In particular, in order to carry out the apex formation (apical sheet formation) with a preferable taper, it is necessary to form a predetermined length (for example, 5 mm) from the tip 4 of the working part 2 with a taper greater than 2/100. It preferably has a taper of 5/100 to 7/100. In the case of the therapeutic instrument A for the purpose of expanding the flare portion of the root canal, it is preferable that the taper of a predetermined length (for example, 8 mm) is larger than 7/100 from the boundary between the shaft portion and the working portion. However, it is not limited to the above range.
[0028]
In the working part 2 in this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape at the position 21 of the base part on the shaft part 1 side and the cross-sectional shape at the position 24 of the tip part on the tip 4 side are as shown in FIG. The rectangular shape is formed of short sides 24a and 21a and long sides 24b and 21b. Here, the position 21 is a position close to the shaft section 1 side in the working section 2 and has the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. (For example, the position of 0 mm or 1 mm, etc. However, the 0 mm portion is a point at the apex, and there is no parallelogram cross section, but it can be virtually considered as an extension line of the original shape. It can also be thought of as a tip that maintains the cross-section of the parallelogram in the vicinity of the apex excluding the apex, but this is not a limitation. The cross-sectional shape shown in FIG.
[0029]
The side ratio of the long sides 21b, 24b and the short sides 21a, 24a at each of the above positions 21, 24 is clearly superior to conventional root canal treatment devices from the viewpoint of flexibility, bent root canal following ability, etc. It was obtained by taking the opinions of many doctors as a value indicating sex.
[0030]
The side ratio of the long sides 21b, 24b and the short sides 21a, 24a at the respective positions 21, 24 of the working unit 2 is set to a different value depending on the count of the treatment instrument A or the taper. For example, in this embodiment, in the treatment instrument A having a large count or a small taper, the side ratio at the position 21 is set to 7 and the side ratio at the position 24 is set to about 6, and the difference in the side ratio is small. In the treatment instrument A having a small count or a large taper, the side ratio at the position 21 is set to 6 and the side ratio at the position 24 is set to about 2 so that the difference in the side ratio is large. However, it is natural that the side ratio is only an example and is not limited to this value.
[0031]
As described above, since the cross section of the working part 2 is rectangular, the cutting edges 21c and 24c are formed on the diagonal lines 21d and 24d, respectively. That is, the cutting blades 21c and 24c are respectively formed at four vertices in the cross section.
[0032]
However, it is not always necessary to form the cutting edges 21c and 24c at the apexes. When the relative rotation direction is the direction of the arrow a in relation to the twisting direction of the working part 2, the short edges 21a and 24a The leading edge in the rotation direction is the cutting edges 21c, 24c, and the trailing edge is crushed (the cross section is rectangular and the trailing edge is mechanically crushed), or the cutting edge is eliminated or obtuse (transverse) By making the surface a parallelogram as shown by dotted lines in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the leading edge is made acute and the trailing edge is made obtuse)), and the edges of 21c 'and 24c' are made You may shape | mold so that it may be located inside a circumscribed circle and the function as a cutting blade may not be exhibited.
[0033]
In this way, by setting the leading edge in the rotation direction on the short sides 21a, 24a to 90 degrees or acute cutting edges 21c, 24c, when performing root canal treatment, the therapeutic instrument A is pushed or reversed. The cutting blades 21c and 24c do not exhibit cutting ability when rotated, and can exhibit cutting ability only when a pulling operation or forward rotation operation is performed. In particular, when the cutting edges 21c and 24c are acute angles, the angle formed with the root canal wall (and the crawling angle) is increased, and good cutting performance is exhibited and the edges 21c 'and 24c' are positioned inside the circumscribed circle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the cutting by 21c and 24c from interfering with each other.
[0034]
When the side ratio on the shaft part 1 side (position 21) in the working part 2 is made larger than the side ratio on the tip 4 side (position 24), it may be changed stepwise between both positions 21 and 24. However, it is preferable to change continuously. That is, when the side ratio is changed stepwise at any position between the position 21 and the position 24, the cross-sectional shape of the working unit 2 becomes discontinuous, and the processing method becomes difficult.
[0035]
Therefore, as will be described later in detail in the description of the manufacturing method, the distance between the position 21 and the position 24 and the side ratio at each position are set, and each position is determined from the given conditions (number, taper, etc.). Calculate the dimensions of the short sides 21a and 24a and the long sides 21b and 24b at 21 and 24, and cut the material based on the taper angle of the long side surface and the taper angle of the short side surface obtained from this calculation result. Thus, it is possible to manufacture the treatment instrument A by molding a material having a parallelogram cross section in which the side ratio is continuously reduced from the position 21 to the position 24 and twisting this material. .
[0036]
The torsion angle β21 at the position 21 of the working unit 2 is larger than the torsion angle β24 at the position 24. As a result, the pitch P1 at the position 21 is made close to the pitch P4 at the position 24, and the number of cutting edges per unit length in the vicinity of the position 24 and the unit length in the vicinity of the position 21 are set. It is possible to set so that the number of cutting edges per unit approaches.
[0037]
The torsion angles β21, 24 in the working unit 2 are set according to the side ratios set at the respective positions, and are not uniquely set. However, from the viewpoint of use, it is preferable that the torsion angle in the range of about 35 to 70 degrees is about 35 mm from the tip 4 in the manually operated therapeutic instrument A, and the therapeutic instrument A for an engine bites in. In order to prevent this, it is preferable that the torsion angle β21 of the base part is 25 degrees or more and the torsion angle β24 of the tip part is less than 25 degrees. However, the torsion angle is not limited to the above range, and can be set as appropriate.
[0038]
As described above, by making the side ratio of the base part in the working part 2 larger than the side ratio of the tip part, the number of cutting edges per unit length of the base part and the tip part was made close, When treating the root canal, even if the root canal wall is cut with the cutting edge at the base of the working unit 2, smooth cutting without backlash can be realized.
[0039]
In particular, when the number of cutting edges per unit length is small with the side ratio of the base portion increased, the direction of ease of bending due to the large side ratio becomes extreme and it is difficult to operate due to rattling. In addition, there is a possibility that the problem of inferior machinability due to a decrease in the number of cutting blades that come into contact with the root canal when pushing and pulling, but by increasing the number of cutting blades per unit length as described above. It is possible to improve the flexibility by increasing the starting point of the bending of the working unit 2, and it is possible to improve the machinability by increasing the number of cutting edges.
[0040]
In addition, although the working unit 2 is twisted as described above, it is also possible to change the torsion angle of the tip near the tip 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the torsion angle β1 in the range of a predetermined length L (about 5 mm) from the tip 4 is smaller than the torsion angle β2 of other parts of the working part 2, for example, 25 degrees. It is also possible to: In this case, since the lead within a predetermined length range from the distal end 4 becomes long, even when the treatment instrument A is rotated, the vicinity of the distal end portion 4 does not bite into the root canal.
[0041]
As described above, the working unit 2 is formed with a taper of about 5/100 to 7/100, which is larger than 2/100. This taper does not need to be the same over the entire length of the working part 2, and may be formed with a different taper in the length direction. For example, a range of a predetermined length (about 5 mm) from the tip 4 mainly relating to the formation of the apex may be a large taper, and a portion excluding this range may be a taper of about 2/100. In this case, the apex can be formed with a preferable taper, and breakage at the tip can be prevented. Conversely, the taper on the original end side may be made larger than the taper on the front end side. In this case, by making the taper on the tip side relatively small, it can be formed along the curved portion of the root canal (2 to 3 mm from the apex) without forming a ledge, and the taper on the original end side can be reduced. By enlarging it, it is possible to cut accurately without changing to a thicker instrument when expanding the flare and the like of the root canal.
[0042]
Further, the taper of the working part may be larger than 2/100 as a whole working part even if a part of the working part is 2/100 or less.
[0043]
In addition, when the working unit 2 changes the side ratio at the position 21 and the side ratio at the position 24 step by step, the taper of each side is set corresponding to each side ratio and stepped. It is necessary to change to
[0044]
Next, an experimental result in which the bending torque of the treatment instrument A configured as described above is compared with the bending torque of a file having another configuration will be described. This experiment is a comparison of therapeutic instruments corresponding to # 15 and # 35.
[0045]
The experiment was carried out by measuring the bending torque at 3 mm, 8 mm, and 13 mm from the tip of the working part by a method according to the ISO standard. The data of # 15 obtained as a result of the experiment is shown in Table 1, and the obtained graph is shown in FIG. The data of # 35 is shown in Table 2, and the graph is shown in FIG.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004214286
[0047]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004214286
[0048]
The file described as 1: 2.5 to 4RT in Tables 1, 2, and 4 and 5 has a side ratio of 2.5 at the front end and a side ratio of 4 at the base end to increase the side ratio of the base part. The file described as 1: 2RT, 1: 3RT, 1: 4RT corresponds to the treatment apparatus A according to the example, and the cross section of the working part is a parallelogram and the side ratio is 2, 3, 4 respectively. The file described as FLEXILE is a conventional K file with a triangular cross section, and the file described as a cross section rhombus is a commercially available cross section rhombus file. is there.
[0049]
As is clear from the above experimental results, the rate of change of the bending torque of the treatment instrument A according to the present embodiment is almost constant compared to the other files and small compared to the conventional file. In other words, the bending torque at the 3 mm site appears to be small compared to the conventional file, but this difference actually affects the treatment. Naturally, the bending torque approaches the side ratio of 4 as it goes to the shaft side with the 8mm part and 13mm part, and it becomes very small compared to conventional files (Flexile Files, diamond file, etc.). By the way, calculating the side ratios of the 3, 8, 13 mm parts of the devices having the side ratios of 2.5 to 4 in Tables 1, 2, and 4 and 5 are about 2.75, 3.25, and 3.72, respectively, and the experimental results can be convinced. . In this embodiment, it is 2.5-4, but by setting this to 2.5-6, the bending force can be made nearly constant over the entire length, and in some cases it can be reversed.
[0050]
Therefore, the therapeutic instrument A according to the present embodiment has a bendability that is not significantly different in a range of at least 3 mm to 13 mm. In other words, it is preferable that the bending force does not change greatly even when any part of the working unit 2 is bent. However, if the bending force of the base part is smaller than that of the tip part, it is difficult for the force to be transmitted to the tip part. Thus, in the treatment instrument A according to the present embodiment, it is possible to exhibit the flexibility that does not greatly change the working unit 2 over the entire length.
[0051]
Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the treatment instrument A in which the side ratio of the working unit 2 is continuously changed will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, the case where the cross section is rectangular will be described, but it is needless to say that the taper can be calculated by adjusting the conditions even when the cross section is a parallelogram having an acute angle.
[0052]
This method constitutes the working part 2 in particular, and after the working part 2 connected to the shaft part 1 is constructed, it is integrated with the hand handle 3 made of synthetic resin or mounted on the handpiece. It does not ask whether it is connected to the handle or attached directly to another instrument without the handle.
[0053]
When manufacturing the therapeutic instrument A, first, the count of the target therapeutic instrument A (the virtual diameter C0 of the tip 4 in the working section 2), the taper T, and the virtual of the tip 4 (0 in the figure). The side ratio R0 and the side ratio R16 of the position of the base part (16 in the figure (position of 16 mm from the tip)) are set.
[0054]
Corresponding to the above conditions, the total length is the length of the shaft portion 1 and the working portion 2 of the treatment instrument A, and one end is set to C0 corresponding to the preset number of the target treatment instrument A, In addition, a conical columnar body having a dimension corresponding to the shaft portion 1 at the other end is formed. The material constituting the conical columnar body is not particularly limited, but does not generate rust and does not require heat treatment hardening, for example, a sufficiently high hardness and bending strength by performing cold drawing. It is preferable to use the austenitic stainless steel that has been demonstrated. By processing this material by means such as grinding, an intermediate material having a portion corresponding to the shaft portion 1 and a flat portion corresponding to the working portion 2 is formed.
[0055]
FIG. 6 shows a part of the intermediate material corresponding to a part of the working part 2 of the target treatment instrument A. Although the shaft portion 1 is not represented in this intermediate material, the illustrated material is referred to as an intermediate material 30 for convenience.
[0056]
In the intermediate material 30, one end portion 0 corresponds to the tip end 4 in the working portion 2 (which is slightly different from the position 24 in FIG. 1 but approximately the same), and the other end portion. 16 corresponds to a position 16 mm from the tip 4 (position 21 in FIG. 1). Further, the diagonal line d0 of the rectangular cross section at the end portion 0 has a dimension corresponding to the count C0 of the target treatment device A (for example, 0.15 mm for # 15). Calculated by adding an increment by taper T to C0 (C0 + 16T).
[0057]
Therefore, as shown in Equation 1, the dimensions of the sides a0 and b0 at the end 0 can be calculated from the value of the diagonal line d0 (C0) and the value of the side ratio R0. The dimensions of the sides a16 and b16 can be calculated from the value of the diagonal line d0 (C0 + 16T) and the value of the side ratio R16. By calculating the size of each side at the end portions 0 and 16 as described above, it is possible to calculate the short side increment and the long side increment at a distance of 16 mm, respectively. Then, by calculating the increment of each side, it is possible to calculate the taper Ta of the short side surface and the taper Tb of the long side surface.
[0058]
[Formula 1]
Figure 0004214286
[0059]
Therefore, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-52782, the intermediate material 30 is pressed against the grindstone by a pusher (the pusher may be fixed and the grindstone may move), and the sides a and b are tapered. Grind by tilting based on Ta and Tb. In this first grinding process, the dimensions of the long sides 21b and 24b (long side b0 of the end portion 0, long side b16 of the end portion 16 and so on) in the working section 2 are ground from two parallel directions. Through this process, the surfaces of the short sides 21a and 24a (the short side a0 of the end portion 0, the short side a16 of the end portion 16 and so on) are finished.
[0060]
Next, the intermediate material 30 is rotated, for example, 90 degrees, and then ground in two directions in this state and finished to the dimensions of the short sides 21a, 24a, thereby finishing the surfaces of the long sides 21b, 24b. It is possible to finish the section 2 into a target section, that is, a rectangular section in which the side ratio at the position 21 in the working section 2 is larger than the side ratio at the position 24. Here, “finishing” means “molding”.
[0061]
The above is described in the case of manufacturing a therapeutic device having a rectangular cross section. However, when the device is not rotated 90 degrees as described above but is rotated at an acute angle (for example, 85 degrees), the surfaces of 21b and 24b are respectively dotted lines in FIG. 21b 'and 24b' indicated by the above, the cutting edge angle of 21c is an acute angle (for example, 85 degrees), the other angle 21c ', 24c' is an obtuse angle (for example, 95 degrees), and the circumscribed circle A corner that does not touch. In this case, C0 and C16 (21d and 24d) are the same, but the short sides 21a and 24a are shortened to 21c 'and 24c', and the long sides 21b 'and 24b' are somewhat longer. If these are taken into account in advance, it can be formed in the same manner as in the case of the rectangle.
[0062]
After the intermediate material 30 is ground into a straight shape having a target cross-sectional shape as described above, the therapeutic instrument A having the target working portion 2 is formed by twisting at a different twist angle set in advance. . When the intermediate material 30 is twisted, for example, a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-22733 can be adopted.
[0063]
In the method of FIG. 7, a pair of needle pressing jigs 31 and a pair of needle supporting jigs 32 are arranged to face each other and have a predetermined interval, and these needle pressing jigs 31 and the needle supporting jigs are arranged. The intermediate material 30 is inserted into the molding space 33 formed by the jig 32, and the entire work piece 2 is rotated in this state and the working material 2 is twisted by relatively moving the intermediate material 30 in the length direction. It is possible to As shown in this figure, when the interval between the pressing jigs 31 is wide, the trailing edge is crushed. This forming space 33 has a structure that can be changed in accordance with the dimensions of the intermediate material while moving, and from the beginning, the interval of the pressing jig 31 is made to coincide with the intermediate material and the subsequent edge is twisted while being sharp. Is also possible.
[0064]
Therefore, by changing the moving speed of the intermediate material 30 while rotating the needle holding jig 31 and the needle support jig 32 at a constant speed, or while moving the intermediate material 30 at a constant speed, By changing the rotation speed, the torsion angle on the shaft portion 1 side in the working portion 2 can be twisted to be larger than the torsion angle on the tip end 4 side.
[0065]
Another method is to rotate each wire a and b while moving the grindstone in the length direction of the shaft in accordance with the rotation axis of the wire and the rotation axis according to the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-50455. It is also possible to manufacture by grinding in a spiral manner by changing the distance between the grinding wheel and the grinding wheel by Ta / 2 and Tb / 2 based on the taper Ta and Tb. When the side b is cut after the side a is cut, it is naturally 90 degrees or 85 degrees and a predetermined index must be obtained.
[0066]
By performing the above manufacturing method, the working part 2 in which the side ratio of the base part is larger than the side ratio of the tip part and the torsion angle of the base part is larger than the torsion angle of the tip part is reasonably reduced. It is possible to manufacture. Here, after finishing the short side and long side (before or after twisting), surface finishing such as deburring, sharpening, heat treatment, surface pickling, surface hardening, surface coloring, etc. Needless to say, even if it is added, it is within the scope of the manufacturing method of claim 3.
[0067]
In addition, it is preferable to increase both the side ratio of the base part and the side ratio of the tip part in the working part 2 as the count increases. Further, the ratio of the side ratio of the base part to the side ratio of the tip part is preferably decreased as the count increases, and it is preferable to increase the ratio of the taper of the working part 2. By configuring the working unit 2 in this way, the flexibility of the working unit 2 can be maintained.
[0068]
In each embodiment, the cross section of the working unit 2 is defined as a parallelogram including a parallelogram and a rectangle. However, these shapes need not be a parallelogram or a rectangle in a strict sense. As long as it is macroscopically, it may be a parallelogram and a rectangle.
[0069]
Further, as the angle of the parallelogram, one angle is preferably 80 to 90 degrees. By setting the acute angle to 80 degrees or more in this way, it is possible to prevent biting due to the rotation operation of the instrument, and thus it is possible to prevent the instrument from being broken.
[0070]
In addition, here, the explanation has been made in the case where the long side surface of the base part is also the long side surface at the tip part, but the long side surface of the base part may be a short side surface at the tip part. . In this case, a square portion is formed in the middle portion, which is strong against bending as in the conventional product, and the base portion and the tip portion are weak against bending. Such a thing is also useful for some purposes, and it is within the scope of the present invention when the side ratio of the base part is larger than the side ratio of the tip part.
[0071]
Further, the handle for attaching the shaft portion 1 may be the handle 3 shown in FIG. However, when the treatment instrument A is attached to the handpiece for treatment, a handle for a metal engine or the like is provided as a handle. Further, in the working unit 2 that is assumed to be attached to the handpiece, the twist angle is preferably set to 30 degrees or less. When this twist angle is large, the root canal wall is often bitten by rotating the handpiece.
[0072]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, in the treatment instrument according to the present invention, since flexibility is given to the base part of the instrument, the operability is remarkably improved as compared with the conventional root canal treatment instrument, and formation along the root canal is performed. In addition, smooth cutting can be realized by bringing the number of cutting edges per unit length of the base portion and the tip portion close to each other.
[0073]
Further, by making the taper of the working part larger than 2/100, the root apex can be formed with a preferable taper angle by one work, and a flare part near the root canal can be formed.
[0074]
Further, in the manufacturing method according to the present invention, it is possible to rationally manufacture a treatment instrument in which the cross section of the working part is a parallelogram including a rectangle and the side ratio of the base part is larger than the side ratio of the tip part.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating the overall configuration of a treatment instrument.
2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of a base part and a tip part in a working part of a treatment instrument, wherein FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 21-21 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 24-24 in FIG. .
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view for explaining a twist angle of a working unit.
FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing the bending torques of the therapeutic instrument # 15.
FIG. 5 is a diagram comparing the bending torques of the treatment instrument of # 35.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a procedure for calculating a numerical value for cutting a material when manufacturing a treatment instrument.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of twisting a working unit.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a cross section of a file provided conventionally.
[Explanation of symbols]
A treatment device
1 Shaft
2 working department
21 Location of base
24 Tip position
21a, 24a Short side
21b, 24b, 21b ', 24b' long side
21c, 24c cutting blade
21c ', 24c' An obtuse edge that is not a cutting edge
3 Handle
4 Tip
30 intermediate material
31 Needle presser jig
32 Needle support jig
33 Molding space

Claims (3)

シャフト部と、シャフト部に連続する螺旋状の切刃からなる作業部とを有する歯科用根管治療器具に於いて、作業部の横断面形状が長方形を含む平行四辺形であり、前記作業部のシャフト部側の元部の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」が先端側の先端部の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」より大きく、且つ作業部の該元部の捩じれ角が該先端部の捩じれ角より大きいことを特徴とする歯科用根管治療器具。In a dental root canal treatment instrument having a shaft portion and a working portion made of a spiral cutting blade continuous with the shaft portion, the working portion is a parallelogram including a rectangle, and the working portion is a parallelogram. “Long side length / short side length” in the cross section of the base part on the shaft side of the shaft is “Long side length / short side length” in the cross section of the tip side on the tip side. And a root canal treatment instrument having a larger twist angle of the base of the working portion than the twist angle of the tip. シャフト部と、シャフト部に連続する螺旋状の切刃からなる作業部とを有する歯科用根管治療器具に於いて、作業部の横断面形状が長方形を含む平行四辺形であり、前記作業部のシャフト部側の元部の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」が先端側の先端部の横断面に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」より大きく、且つ作業部のテーパが2/100より大きいことを特徴とする歯科用根管治療器具。In a dental root canal treatment instrument having a shaft portion and a working portion made of a spiral cutting blade continuous with the shaft portion, the working portion is a parallelogram including a rectangle, and the working portion is a parallelogram. “Long side length / short side length” in the cross section of the base part on the shaft side of the shaft is “Long side length / short side length” in the cross section of the tip side on the tip side. And a dental root canal treatment instrument having a working portion taper greater than 2/100. 砥石と押金の間に線材を入れて削った後に捩じるか、線材の回転軸と該回転軸に応じて軸の長さ方向に砥石を動かしながら軸と砥石の間隔を変化させて螺旋状に削る歯科用根管治療器具の製造方法に於いて、作業部の長さ方向に於ける「長辺の長さ/短辺の長さ」と、テーパと、太さとを設定して、短辺面及び長辺面を削るテーパを決定して、押金と砥石、又は回転軸と砥石の間隔の変化率を設定し、且つ作業部の任意部位の長辺の長さ及び短辺の長さを計算して、押金と砥石の最終間隔、又は回転軸と砥石の間隔を設定して、短辺面及び長辺面を夫々異なるテーパを持って削ることを特徴とする歯科用根管治療器具の製造方法。Twist after putting the wire rod between the grindstone and the stamper, or twisting it, or changing the distance between the shaft and the grindstone while moving the grindstone in the length direction of the shaft according to the rotation axis of the wire rod and spiral In the manufacturing method of the dental root canal treatment tool to be cut into a short, set the “long side length / short side length”, taper and thickness in the length direction of the working part, Determine the taper to cut the side and long side, set the rate of change of the distance between the presser and the grindstone, or the rotating shaft and the grindstone, and the length of the long side and the length of the short side of any part of the working part A dental root canal treatment instrument characterized by calculating the final distance between the presser and the grindstone, or the distance between the rotating shaft and the grindstone, and shaving the short side surface and the long side surface with different tapers. Manufacturing method.
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DE112020003960T5 (en) 2019-08-22 2022-06-15 Mani, Inc. DENTAL ROOT CANAL TREATMENT INSTRUMENT

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KR101279449B1 (en) 2011-09-05 2013-06-27 권지용 Endodontic treatment apparatus
JP6370373B2 (en) * 2013-06-20 2018-08-08 デンツプライ シロナ インコーポレーテッド Endodontic instrument
JP7329462B2 (en) * 2020-01-31 2023-08-18 マニー株式会社 dental root canal instrument
JP7372184B2 (en) * 2020-03-13 2023-10-31 マニー株式会社 dental files

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112020003960T5 (en) 2019-08-22 2022-06-15 Mani, Inc. DENTAL ROOT CANAL TREATMENT INSTRUMENT
US11771522B2 (en) 2019-08-22 2023-10-03 Mani, Inc. Dental root canal treatment instrument

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