JP4207810B2 - PM motor evaluation test equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an evaluation test apparatus for evaluating the characteristics of a PM motor (permanent magnet synchronous motor).

The configuration of a conventional PM motor evaluation test apparatus is shown in FIG. 6 (see Non-Patent Document 1).
As shown in the figure, the PM motor evaluation test apparatus includes a load device 101 having an output shaft coupled to the rotation shaft of the PM motor 100, a torque meter 102 for detecting the torque of the PM motor 100, and a PM motor 103. PWM inverter 103, which is a dedicated inverter for driving PM motor 103, DC power supply 104, position sensor (PS) 105 for detecting the magnetic pole position of PM motor 103, speed command unit 106, speed detection unit 107, position It has a detection unit 108, a speed control current command creation unit 109, a current control circuit 110, and an FFT analyzer 111.

In the above configuration, the load device 101 generates torque to be applied to the output shaft of the PM motor 100 in accordance with an external command in order to test the operation characteristics of the PM motor 100. This torque is detected by the torque meter 102.
The PM motor 100 is driven by a PWM inverter 103 that outputs a three-phase AC signal by pulse width modulating a DC voltage supplied from a DC power source 104.
The magnetic pole position of the PM motor 100 is detected by a position sensor (PM). Based on this output, the rotational speed of the PM motor 105 is detected by the speed detector 107, and the rotation angle θ from the reference position is detected by the position detector 108. Is done.

The speed control current command creating unit 109 creates a speed control current command by comparing the speed command given by the speed command unit 106 with the rotational speed detected by the speed detection unit 107 and outputs the command to the current control circuit 110. .
The voltage equation of the PM motor expressed on the dq coordinate axes is as follows: (1) The magnetic flux distribution in the air gap is sinusoidal, (2) the harmonic components of voltage and current can be ignored, and (3) the iron loss is ignored. Assuming that it can be given by the following equation, the vector diagram is as shown in FIG.

ただし、φaは、永久磁石による電機子鎖交磁束数、ｉd，ｉqは、電機子電流のｄ軸、ｑ軸成分、Ｖd，Ｖqは、端子電圧のｄ軸、ｑ軸成分、Ｒaは、１相分の電機子巻線抵抗、Ｌd，Ｌqは、ｄ軸、ｑ軸の電機子自己インダクタンス、ωは電気角速度、ｖa，ｉaは、相電圧、相電流である。
ＰＭモータ１００は、ＰＷＭインバータ１０３で駆動されるため、その電圧、電流には高調波成分が含まれる。式（１）で表されるモータモデルは、上記仮定（２）の下に成立するので、ＦＦＴアナライザ１１１により相電流、線間電圧の基本波成分を計測し、等価回路定数を測定してＰＭモータ１００の特性評価を行う。
森本、武田、平紗「ＰＭモータのｄｑ等価回路定数の測定法」T.IEE Japan，Vol．113-D，No.11，‘93

Here, φa is the number of armature flux linkages by a permanent magnet, id and iq are the d-axis and q-axis components of the armature current, Vd and Vq are the d-axis and q-axis components of the terminal voltage, and Ra is 1 The armature winding resistance of the phase, Ld and Lq are the d-axis and q-axis armature self-inductance, ω is the electrical angular velocity, and va and ia are the phase voltage and the phase current.
Since the PM motor 100 is driven by the PWM inverter 103, the voltage and current include harmonic components. Since the motor model represented by the equation (1) is established under the above assumption (2), the fundamental component of the phase current and the line voltage is measured by the FFT analyzer 111, the equivalent circuit constant is measured, and PM The characteristics of the motor 100 are evaluated.
Morimoto, Takeda, Hirata “Measuring method of dq equivalent circuit constant of PM motor” T.IEE Japan, Vol. 113-D, No. 11, '93

In order to control the PM motor, a magnetic pole position detection function is generally required. For this purpose, the PM motor is provided with a magnetic pole position detection sensor. Since this magnetic pole position detection sensor differs depending on the motor, there is no general-purpose inverter such as an induction motor, and a dedicated inverter is required.
In addition, automobile manufacturers are developing PM motors for electric vehicles and inverters for driving the motors. PM motor developers cannot measure the characteristics of PM motors without an inverter, but usually a dedicated inverter for PM motors and magnetic pole position sensors is being developed in parallel in different departments. The actual situation is that PM motor characteristics cannot be evaluated as expected due to progress.

In addition, product inverters often lack the functions required for measuring motor characteristics, and it is unclear whether the measurement results of motor characteristics are due to the motor or the inverter. There was a problem.
In addition, the angle sensor of the PM motor of the test specimen has problems such as insufficient performance, resolution, accuracy, response, etc. for measuring the motor characteristics, or changes in the device depending on the type of sensor. There was.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and performs characteristic evaluation without using an angle sensor for a PM motor as a specimen and without using a dedicated inverter for the specimen. An object of the present invention is to provide a PM motor evaluation test apparatus capable of performing

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is an evaluation test apparatus for evaluating the characteristics of a PM motor, wherein an output shaft is connected to a rotating shaft of the PM motor as a specimen, and the PM motor A dynamometer that functions as a load device for the dynamometer, an angle sensor that is attached to the dynamometer, detects the rotation angle of the rotating shaft of the dynamometer, and outputs the angle sensor, and synchronizes with the magnetic pole position of the PM motor A motor evaluation inverter that drives and controls the PM motor while generating and outputting a signal, and a terminal voltage, a motor current, and the terminal of the PM motor based on a magnetic pole position synchronization signal output from the reference signal generation means Measuring means for measuring a phase based on the magnetic pole position of the voltage and motor current; and outputting a speed command to the dynamometer to output the dynamometer Drives, and outputs a control command to the motor rating inverter, and having a control means for characterization of the PM motor based on an output of said measuring means.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the PM motor evaluation test apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the control means includes a shaft and a torsion angle of a coupling that is a connecting portion of the PM motor and the dynamometer. The relationship between the torque is obtained in advance, the twist angle is obtained from the relationship between the detected torque or the torque command value of the dynamometer and the previously obtained shaft and coupling torsion angles, and the obtained torsion angle. The rotation angle data indicating the rotation angle from the reference position of the magnetic pole position of the PM motor detected by the angle sensor based on the correction, and generation of a signal synchronized with the magnetic pole position based on the correction data, and / or The current and voltage of the PM motor driven by the motor evaluation inverter are controlled.
Further, the invention according to claim 3 is the PM motor evaluation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control means measures the induced voltage of the PM motor while the speed of the dynamometer is controlled, The magnetic pole position is detected from the induced voltage and the rotation angle of the rotating shaft of the dynamometer.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the magnetic pole position of the PM motor as the specimen is detected by the angle sensor (position sensor) provided on the load device side, and the magnetic pole position of the PM motor is used as the motor evaluation inverter. Since the function to output the magnetic pole position synchronization signal synchronized with the motor is added, the characteristics of the PM motor can be evaluated without using a dedicated inverter for driving the PM motor and the angle sensor provided in the PM motor. It can be carried out.

Therefore, it becomes easy to develop the PM motor and the inverter that drives the PM motor in parallel, and the motor characteristic evaluation is unified, and whether the measurement result of the motor characteristic is attributed to the motor or the inverter. Therefore, it is possible to promote the speeding up of development and efficient development of the PM motor and the inverter that drives the PM motor.
The effect is obtained.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a PM motor evaluation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a PM motor evaluation test apparatus includes a dynamometer 12 functioning as a load device, an angle sensor 13 attached to the dynamometer 12 and serving as a magnetic pole position detection sensor for detecting the magnetic pole position of the PM motor 10. A dynamo control panel 14 for driving and controlling the dynamometer 12, a motor evaluation inverter 15, a digital power meter 16, a torque amplifier 17, a speed detection unit 18, a data collection system 19, and a characteristic evaluation device 20. Have.

The output shaft of the PM motor 10 as the specimen is connected to the output shaft 120 of the dynamometer 12 via a connecting portion, and the torque meter 11 is provided in the connecting portion. The PM motor 10 is provided with a position sensor 30, which is not used.
The dynamometer 12 outputs torque to the output shaft of the PM motor 10 under the control of the dynamometer control panel 14 so that the speed becomes the speed command speed.
The angle sensor 13 outputs the rotation angle of the output shaft of the dynamometer 12, that is, the magnetic pole position of the PM motor 10, as rotation angle data from the reference position.
The dynamometer 12 is rotated at a constant speed, the rotation angle data at the zero crossing time of the terminal voltage (induced voltage) of the PM motor 10 is obtained, and the synchronization signal is obtained with an angle obtained by correcting the deviation between the magnetic pole position and the rotation angle data. And control of motor evaluation inverter.

The dynamo control panel 14 receives a speed command from the characteristic evaluation device 20 and outputs a drive signal to the dynamometer 12 and outputs rotation angle data obtained from the angle sensor 13 to the motor evaluation inverter 15 and the characteristic evaluation device 20. To do.
The motor evaluation inverter 15 takes in the output of the angle sensor 13 via the dynamo control panel 14, generates a magnetic pole position synchronization signal that is a reference signal synchronized with the magnetic pole position of the PM motor 10, and outputs it to the digital power meter 16. At the same time, the PM motor 10 is driven and controlled.

The output of the motor evaluation inverter 15 is output to the PM motor 10 via the digital power meter 16.
The digital power meter 16 measures the terminal voltage, motor current, terminal voltage and phase of the motor current from the magnetic pole position, and power based on the magnetic pole position synchronization signal.
In the example of FIG. 1, it is assumed that a torque amplifier 17 that functions as a torque detector and a speed detection unit 18 that is a speed detection pulse generator are integrated as an option. .
The torque amplifier 17 converts the torque detected by the torque meter 11 into an electric signal and outputs it.
Further, the speed detection unit 18 detects and outputs the rotational speed of the PM motor 10 based on the output of the torque meter 11.

The data collection system 19 takes in various measurement data output from the torque amplifier 17, the speed detection unit 18, and the digital power meter 16, stores it, and outputs it to the characteristic evaluation device 20.
The characteristic evaluation device 20 generates a speed command for the dynamometer 12 in accordance with the test conditions, and outputs the speed command to the dynamometer 12 via the dynamometer control panel 14 to drive the dynamometer 12 and a motor. A current amplitude and phase control command is output to the evaluation inverter 15 and the characteristics of the PM motor 10 are evaluated based on the output of the data collection system 19.

In addition, the characteristic evaluation device 20 obtains in advance the relationship between the torsion angle of the shaft and coupling that are the connecting portion of the PM motor 10 and the dynamometer 12 and the torque, and the previously obtained shaft and cup for the detected torque. A rotation angle indicating the rotation angle from the reference position of the magnetic pole position of the PM motor 10 measured by the dynamometer 12 by the angle sensor 13 based on the obtained twist angle, based on the relationship between the twist angle of the ring and the torque. The data is corrected, and a control command (current amplitude, phase command) for controlling the current and voltage of the PM motor 10 is output to the motor evaluation inverter 15 based on the correction data.
The characteristic evaluation device 20 stores the relationship between the shaft and coupling torsion angles and the torque in advance as a table when obtaining the torsion angles of the shaft and coupling from the detected torque, and detects the detected torque. The torsion angle may be obtained with reference to the above table, or an approximate expression indicating the relationship between the torsion angle of the shaft and the coupling and the torque is stored and calculated by this approximate expression. Also good.
The characteristic evaluation device 20 corresponds to the control means of the present invention. Further, the torque meter 11, the digital power meter 16, the torque amplifier 17, and the speed detection unit 18 correspond to the measuring means of the present invention.

The characteristic evaluation device 20 performs calculation of motor efficiency, creation of various characteristic graphs, and calculation of 10 characteristics of the PM motor, that is, each parameter of the above-described equation (1), as characteristic evaluation.
The motor efficiency is calculated as (mechanical output / electrical input) = {integral value of (torque output of the PM motor 10 × rotational speed)} / power.
The parameters include the PM motor terminal voltage, motor current, power, phase, torque, and rotational speed.
Examples of characteristic graphs of the PM motor 10 created by the characteristic evaluation device 20 include current phase-torque characteristics (see FIG. 3), current phase-voltage / torque characteristics (see FIG. 4), and motor efficiency map (see FIG. 5). ).

  According to the PM motor evaluation test apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the angle sensor (position sensor) provided on the load device side detects the magnetic pole position of the PM motor as a specimen, and the motor evaluation inverter Since it is configured to add a function of outputting a magnetic pole position synchronization signal synchronized with the magnetic pole position of the PM motor, the PM can be used without using a dedicated inverter for driving the PM motor and an angle sensor provided in the PM motor. Motor characteristics can be evaluated.

The block diagram which shows the structure of the evaluation test apparatus of PM motor which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The vector diagram which shows the voltage equation at the time of steady operation of PM motor. The figure which shows the electric current phase-torque characteristic of PM motor. The figure which shows the current phase-voltage / torque characteristic of PM motor. The figure which shows the motor efficiency map of PM motor. The block diagram which shows the structure of the evaluation test apparatus of the conventional PM motor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... PM motor 11 ... Torque meter 12 ... Dynamometer 13 ... Angle sensor 14 ... Dynamometer 15 ... Inverter for motor evaluation 16 ... Digital power meter 17 ... Torque amplifier 18 ... Speed detection part 19 ... Data collection system 20 ... Characteristic evaluation apparatus

Claims (3)

An evaluation test apparatus for evaluating the characteristics of a PM motor,
A dynamometer functioning as a load device of the PM motor, the output shaft being connected to the rotating shaft of the PM motor as a specimen;
An angle sensor attached to the dynamometer for detecting a rotation angle of a rotation axis of the dynamometer;
A motor evaluation inverter that takes in the output of the angle sensor, generates and outputs a signal synchronized with the magnetic pole position of the PM motor, and drives and controls the PM motor;
Measurement means for measuring the terminal voltage of the PM motor, the motor current, and the phase based on the magnetic pole position of the terminal voltage and the motor current based on the magnetic pole position synchronization signal output from the reference signal generation means;
Control means for outputting a speed command to the dynamometer to drive the dynamometer and outputting a control command to the motor evaluation inverter, and for evaluating the characteristics of the PM motor based on the output of the measuring means; ,
A PM motor evaluation test apparatus characterized by comprising: The control means obtains in advance the relationship between the torsion angle of the shaft and coupling, which is a connecting portion of the PM motor and the dynamometer, and the torque, and the detected torque or the torque command value of the dynamometer in advance. Rotation indicating the rotation angle from the reference position of the magnetic pole position of the PM motor detected by the angle sensor based on the obtained torsion angle based on the relationship between the obtained torsion angle and torque of the shaft and coupling. The angle data is corrected, a signal synchronized with a magnetic pole position is generated based on the correction data, and / or the current and voltage of the PM motor driven by the motor evaluation inverter are controlled. 1. The PM motor evaluation test apparatus according to 1. The control means measures an induced voltage of a PM motor while the speed of the dynamometer is controlled, and detects a magnetic pole position from the induced voltage and a rotation angle of a rotating shaft of the dynamometer. 1. The PM motor evaluation test apparatus according to 1.

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