JP4273071B2 - 除算・開平演算器 - Google Patents
除算・開平演算器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4273071B2 JP4273071B2 JP2004362300A JP2004362300A JP4273071B2 JP 4273071 B2 JP4273071 B2 JP 4273071B2 JP 2004362300 A JP2004362300 A JP 2004362300A JP 2004362300 A JP2004362300 A JP 2004362300A JP 4273071 B2 JP4273071 B2 JP 4273071B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
- G06F7/491—Computations with decimal numbers radix 12 or 20.
- G06F7/492—Computations with decimal numbers radix 12 or 20. using a binary weighted representation within each denomination
- G06F7/493—Computations with decimal numbers radix 12 or 20. using a binary weighted representation within each denomination the representation being the natural binary coded representation, i.e. 8421-code
- G06F7/496—Multiplying; Dividing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
- G06F7/544—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices for evaluating functions by calculation
- G06F7/552—Powers or roots, e.g. Pythagorean sums
- G06F7/5525—Roots or inverse roots of single operands
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
- G06F7/4824—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices using signed-digit representation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
- G06F7/483—Computations with numbers represented by a non-linear combination of denominational numbers, e.g. rational numbers, logarithmic number system or floating-point numbers
- G06F7/487—Multiplying; Dividing
- G06F7/4873—Dividing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
- G06F7/544—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices for evaluating functions by calculation
- G06F7/552—Powers or roots, e.g. Pythagorean sums
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Complex Calculations (AREA)
- Executing Machine-Instructions (AREA)
Description
SRT法では、商デジットとして{0,1}に加えて{−1}をとり、部分剰余の上位数ビットで高速に商デジットを判定できる方法である。SRTアルゴリズムは、開平演算にも適用できるので、除算ハードウェアの使用が可能である。
Q(j+1)=Q(j)+q(j+1)×r-(j+1) ・・・(3)
開平演算では、j回目の部分剰余から部分開平値を減算する演算により、j+1回目の部分剰余算出を行うアルゴリズムとなっており、そのまま処理を行うとすると、冗長2進数表現の部分剰余と冗長2進数表現の部分開平値との演算となり、複雑な演算となってしまう。
冗長2進数表現の部分開平値が全て求まってから2補数表現に変換すると、変換に要する時間が計算時間に追加されてしまい、処理低下を招く。
例えば、冗長2進表現{1,-1}を2補数表現に変換すると{0,1}となる(いずれも10進数で1を表す)。冗長2進から2補数への変換を加算と減算で実現すると,-1が入力されたときにキャリー伝播するので、この例では-1が入力される前の値{1,0}以外に、{0,1}を用意しておき、-1が入力されたとき、{0,1}を選択すればキャリー伝播は発生しない。つまり、キャリーの伝播を無くし固定時間で処理するために,-1が入力された場合の答え(言い換えるなら1小さい表現)を予め内部に用意しておけば、キャリー伝播を抑止できる事になる。
QP(j+1)= QP(j)−2-(j+1)=QN(j)+2-j−2-(j+1)=QN(j)+2-(j+1) ・・・(4)
QN(j+1) {=QP(j+1)−2-(j+1)}=QP(j)−2-(j+1)−2-(j+1)=QP(j)−2-j=QN(j) ・・・(5)
q(j+1)=0の場合、
QP(j+1)= QP(j) ・・・(6)
QN(j+1)= QN(j) +2-(j+1) ・・・(7)
q(j+1)=1の場合、
QP(j+1)= QP(j)+2-(j+1) ・・・(8)
QN(j+1) {=QP(j+1)−2-(j+1)}=QP(j)+2-(j+1)−2-(j+1)=QP(j) ・・・(9)
式(4)と式(7)と式(8)は、Qx(j+1)=Qy(j)+2-(j+1) (演算の基数を2と仮定している)で表せる。この演算は、j桁目までの部分開平値Qy(j)の後ろに、j+1桁目の商(0または1)であるq(j+1)のビット列を連結するだけでよいので、実質的に演算は行われない。他式は、QP(j)かQN(j)を選択すればよい。これは、j回目の部分開平値正であるQP(j)、部分開平値負であるQN(j)を求めて保持しておくことにより、j+1回目の部分開平値Q(j+1)すなわちQP(j+1)は、単純なビット演算のみで、冗長2進数から2補数(通常数)を得る事が出来る。
2 53ビット×6ビット乗算器
3 53ビット×6ビット乗算器
4 除数3倍数生成部
5 部分剰余上位保持レジスタ
6 部分剰余下位保持レジスタ
7 商デジット生成回路
8 シフタ
9 シフタ
10 除数・部分開平値選択回路
11 桁上げ保存加算器(CSA)
12 キャリー伝播加算器(CPA)
13,13−1,13−2 2補数変換回路
14 除数・部分開平値正レジスタ
15 3倍除数・部分開平値負レジスタ
16 POSITIONレジスタ
17 オン・ザ・フライ商生成正回路
18 オン・ザ・フライ商生成負回路
19 シフタ
20,21,22,23,24,25,26 セレクタ
27,28 シフタ
Claims (2)
- 高基数の除算及び低基数の開平演算を行う除算・開平演算器において、
部分剰余の上位ビットを参照して商を定める商生成手段と、
前記部分剰余の前記上位ビットを2補数表現で保持し、前記部分剰余の前記上位ビット以外の下位ビットは冗長2進数表現で保持する部分剰余保持手段と、
除数と部分開平値を演算種別に応じて切り替えて保持する除数・部分開平値保持手段と、
前記商により前記除数・部分開平値保持手段からの除数及び部分開平値を選択する除数・部分開平値選択回路と、
前記下位ビットの冗長2進数表現の部分剰余と前記除数・部分開平値選択回路の出力とを入力する桁上げ保存加算器と、
前記上位ビットの2補数表現の部分剰余、前記除数・部分開平値選択回路の出力、及び前記桁上げ保存加算器のキャリー信号を加算する桁上げ伝播加算器と、
前記桁上げ伝播加算器の出力と前記桁上げ保存加算器の出力の上位ビットから前記高基数に基づいて定められたビット数のビットデータとを入力して2補数化する第1の2補数変換手段と、
前記桁上げ伝播加算器の出力と前記桁上げ保存加算器の上位ビットから前記低基数に基づいて取り出したビット数のビットデータとを入力して2補数化する第2の2補数変換手段と、
除算においては第1の2補数変換回路を、開平演算においては第2の2補数変換手段の出力を選択するセレクタと、
前記セレクタの出力を、次回の部分剰余の上位ビットとして使用するよう、除算においては高基数に基づくビット数、開平演算においては低基数に基づくビット数シフトするシフタとを有することを特徴とする除算・開平演算器。 - 高基数の除算及び低基数の開平演算を行う除算・開平演算器において、
部分剰余の上位ビットを参照して商を定める商生成手段と、
前記部分剰余の前記上位ビットを2補数表現で保持し、前記部分剰余の前記上位ビット以外の下位ビットは冗長2進数表現で保持する部分剰余保持手段と、
除数と部分開平値を演算種別に応じて切り替えて保持する除数・部分開平値保持手段と、
前記商により前記除数・部分開平値保持手段からの除数及び部分開平値を選択する除数・部分開平値選択回路と、
除算と開平演算の基数の違いにより定められるビット数、前記上位ビットの2補数表現の部分剰余を下位へシフトして前記桁上げ伝播加算器に入力する第1のシフタと、
前記基数の違いにより定められるビット数、前記下位ビットの冗長2進数表現の部分剰余を下位へシフトして前記桁上げ保存加算器に入力する第2のシフタと、
前記第2のシフタの出力と、前記除数・部分開平値選択回路の出力とを入力する桁上げ保存加算器と、
前記第1のシフタの出力と、前記除数・部分開平値選択回路の出力、及び前記桁上げ保存加算器のキャリー信号とを加算する桁上げ伝播加算器と、
前記桁上げ保存加算器の出力の上位ビットから前記高基数に基づいて取り出したビット数のビットデータ及び前記桁上げ伝播加算器の出力を入力して2補数化する2補数変換手段と、
前記2補数変換手段の出力を次回の部分剰余の上位ビットとして使用するよう前記高基数に基づくビット数シフトする第3のシフタとを有することを特徴とする除算・開平演算器。
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004362300A JP4273071B2 (ja) | 2004-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | 除算・開平演算器 |
US11/299,697 US7921149B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-13 | Division and square root arithmetic unit |
CA002530015A CA2530015C (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-13 | Division and square root arithmetic unit |
DE602005011742T DE602005011742D1 (de) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-14 | Arithmetische Divisions- und Quadratwurzeleinheit |
KR1020050123009A KR100756137B1 (ko) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-14 | 제산 및 제곱근 연산 유닛 |
AU2005256094A AU2005256094A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-14 | Division and square root arithmetic unit |
EP05027390A EP1672481B1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-14 | Division and square root arithmetic unit |
DK05027390T DK1672481T3 (da) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-14 | Aritmetisk divisions- og kvadratrodsenhed |
SG200508127A SG123731A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-12-15 | Division and square root arithmetic unit |
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JP2004362300A JP4273071B2 (ja) | 2004-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | 除算・開平演算器 |
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JP2006172035A JP2006172035A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
JP4273071B2 true JP4273071B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
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US (1) | US7921149B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1672481B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4273071B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100756137B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2005256094A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2530015C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005011742D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1672481T3 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG123731A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (12)
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US7509365B2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2009-03-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Inverting data on result bus to prepare for instruction in the next cycle for high frequency execution units |
EP2341425A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | STMicroelectronics (Grenoble 2) SAS | control of electric machines involving calculating a square root |
US8819098B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-08-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Computation of a remainder by division using pseudo-remainders |
US8868633B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-10-21 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Method and circuitry for square root determination |
RU2510072C1 (ru) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-03-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Российская корпорация ракетно-космического приборостроения и информационных систем" (ОАО "Российские космические системы") | Устройство деления и извлечения квадратного корня |
US9348796B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2016-05-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Arithmetic operation in a data processing system |
US9785407B2 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-10-10 | Arm Limited | Data processing apparatus having combined divide-square root circuitry |
US10209957B2 (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2019-02-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Partial remainder/divisor table split implementation |
US10209959B2 (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2019-02-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | High radix 16 square root estimate |
WO2020090024A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 富士通株式会社 | 演算処理装置 |
US11119731B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2021-09-14 | Arm Limited | Apparatus and method for rounding |
US11281428B2 (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2022-03-22 | Arm Limited | Conversion circuitry |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4939686A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1990-07-03 | Weitek Corporation | Method and apparatus for shared radix 4 division and radix 4 square root |
US5023827A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1991-06-11 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Radix-16 divider using overlapped quotient bit selection and concurrent quotient rounding and correction |
US5128891A (en) | 1990-04-02 | 1992-07-07 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | High speed divider with square root capability |
US5386376A (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1995-01-31 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for overriding quotient prediction in floating point divider information processing systems |
US5687106A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1997-11-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Implementation of binary floating point using hexadecimal floating point unit |
US5787030A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1998-07-28 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Correct and efficient sticky bit calculation for exact floating point divide/square root results |
JP3514566B2 (ja) | 1995-12-13 | 2004-03-31 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | 除算/開平回路 |
JPH10187420A (ja) | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-21 | Hitachi Ltd | 除算・開平演算器 |
US6490607B1 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2002-12-03 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Shared FP and SIMD 3D multiplier |
US6108682A (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2000-08-22 | Arm Limited | Division and/or square root calculating circuit |
JP3517162B2 (ja) | 1999-09-22 | 2004-04-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 除算・開平演算装置 |
JP3551113B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-07 | 2004-08-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 除算器 |
US7243119B1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2007-07-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Floating point computing unit |
US7016930B2 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2006-03-21 | Arm Limited | Apparatus and method for performing operations implemented by iterative execution of a recurrence equation |
-
2004
- 2004-12-15 JP JP2004362300A patent/JP4273071B2/ja active Active
-
2005
- 2005-12-13 US US11/299,697 patent/US7921149B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-13 CA CA002530015A patent/CA2530015C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-14 EP EP05027390A patent/EP1672481B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-12-14 AU AU2005256094A patent/AU2005256094A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-12-14 DE DE602005011742T patent/DE602005011742D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-14 DK DK05027390T patent/DK1672481T3/da active
- 2005-12-14 KR KR1020050123009A patent/KR100756137B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-12-15 SG SG200508127A patent/SG123731A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SG123731A1 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
AU2005256094A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
DE602005011742D1 (de) | 2009-01-29 |
US20060129623A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
JP2006172035A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
KR100756137B1 (ko) | 2007-09-05 |
US7921149B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
KR20060067874A (ko) | 2006-06-20 |
CA2530015A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
CA2530015C (en) | 2010-01-05 |
DK1672481T3 (da) | 2009-03-16 |
EP1672481A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
EP1672481B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
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