JP4242762B2 - 錫促進イリジウム触媒を用いた低級脂肪族アルコールの気相カルボニル化 - Google Patents
錫促進イリジウム触媒を用いた低級脂肪族アルコールの気相カルボニル化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4242762B2 JP4242762B2 JP2003506844A JP2003506844A JP4242762B2 JP 4242762 B2 JP4242762 B2 JP 4242762B2 JP 2003506844 A JP2003506844 A JP 2003506844A JP 2003506844 A JP2003506844 A JP 2003506844A JP 4242762 B2 JP4242762 B2 JP 4242762B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- carbonylation
- mixtures
- gas phase
- iodide
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 150
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IQRUSQUYPCHEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodobutane Chemical compound CCC(C)I IQRUSQUYPCHEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KMGBZBJJOKUPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl iodide Chemical compound CCCCI KMGBZBJJOKUPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XJTQJERLRPWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethylbenzene Chemical compound ICC1=CC=CC=C1 XJTQJERLRPWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl iodide Chemical compound CCCI PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
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- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.Cl[Sn]Cl FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OQBLGYCUQGDOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxastannolane-4,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1O[Sn]OC1=O OQBLGYCUQGDOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013460 polyoxometalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical class SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZNAASVAJNXPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tin(4+) chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Sn+4] GZNAASVAJNXPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSSMNYDDDSNUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororhodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Rh](Cl)Cl HSSMNYDDDSNUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
触媒の製造において、塩化イリジウム(III)水和物418mg(Ir 1.17ミリモル)を蒸留水30mL中に溶解させた。二塩化錫(II)二水和物263mg(錫1.17ミリモル)を2mLの11.6M HCl中に溶解させることによって、第2の溶液を製造した。続いて、この溶液を更に10mLの蒸留水で希釈した。これら2つの溶液を合し、次いで、蒸発皿に含まれる12×40メッシュの活性炭顆粒(Calgonから入手可能)20.0gに添加した。活性炭顆粒は800m2/g超のBET表面積を有していた。担体顆粒がさらさらになるまで、この混合物を蒸気浴を用いて加熱し、連続的に撹拌した。次いで、含浸触媒を長さ106cm×外径25mmの石英管に移した。次に、混合物が三元電気管炉の長さ61cmの加熱ゾーンのほぼ中央に位置するように、石英管を三元電気管炉中に入れた。窒素を100標準立方センチメーター/分の速度で触媒床に連続的に通した。管を周囲温度から300℃まで2時間かけて加熱し、300℃に2時間保持し、次いで、周囲温度まで冷却して戻した。
本発明に係る固体担持触媒(触媒I)は、Ir 1.08%、Sn 0.67%を含み、密度が0.57g/mLであった。
活性金属としてイリジウムのみを含む比較触媒の製造においては、塩化イリジウム(III)水和物418mg(Ir 1.17ミリモル)を蒸留水30mL中に溶解させた。この溶液を、蒸発皿に含まれる12×40メッシュの活性炭顆粒20.0gに添加した。活性炭顆粒は800m2/g超のBET表面積を有していた。担体顆粒がさらさらになるまで、この混合物を蒸気浴を用いて加熱し、連続的に撹拌した。次いで、含浸触媒を長さ106cm×外径25mmの石英管に移した。次に、混合物が三元電気管炉の長さ61cmの加熱ゾーンのほぼ中央に位置するように、石英管を三元電気管炉中に入れた。窒素を100標準立方センチメーター/分の速度で触媒床に連続的に通した。管を周囲温度から300℃まで2時間かけて加熱し、300℃に2時間保持し、次いで、周囲温度まで冷却して戻した。
この触媒(比較触媒C−I)は、Ir 1.10%を含み、密度が0.57g/mLであった。
第2の比較触媒は、塩化イリジウム(III)水和物412mgを蒸留水20mLに溶解させることによって製造した。第2の溶液は、二塩化錫(II)二水和物263mg(錫1.17ミリモル)を10mLの11.6M HClに溶解させることによって製造した。これら2つの溶液を合し、次いで、蒸発皿に含まれるDavison Silica Grade 57 20.0gに添加した。シリカは約300m2/gのBET表面積を有していた。担体顆粒がさらさらになるまで、この混合物を蒸気浴を用いて加熱し、連続的に撹拌した。次いで、含浸触媒を長さ106cm×外径25mmの石英管に移した。次に、混合物が三元電気管炉の長さ61cmの加熱ゾーンのほぼ中央に位置するように、石英管を三元電気管炉中に入れた。窒素を100標準立方センチメーター/分の速度で触媒床に連続的に通した。管を周囲温度から300℃まで2時間かけて加熱し、300℃に2時間保持し、次いで、周囲温度まで冷却して戻した。
第3の比較触媒は、塩化錫(II)二水和物263mg(Ir 1.10ミリモル)を、濃塩酸10mLと蒸留水20mLとの混合物中に溶解させることによって製造した。この溶液を次に、蒸発皿に含まれるα−アルミナ(Engelhardから入手可能;α−Alumina Al−3920T)20gに添加した。α−アルミナは3〜5m2/gのBET表面積を有していた。担体顆粒がさらさらになるまで、この混合物を蒸気浴を用いて加熱し、連続的に撹拌した。次いで、含浸触媒を長さ106cm×外径25mmの石英管に移した。次に、混合物が三元電気管炉の長さ61cmの加熱ゾーンのほぼ中央に位置するように、石英管を三元電気管炉中に入れた。窒素を100標準立方センチメーター/分の速度で触媒床に連続的に通した。管を周囲温度から300℃まで2時間かけて加熱し、300℃に2時間保持し、次いで、周囲温度まで冷却して戻した。
塩化ロジウム(III)水和物282mg(Rh 1.17ミリモル)を蒸留水30mL中に溶解させることによって、第4の比較触媒を製造した。この溶液を、蒸発皿に含まれる12×40メッシュの活性炭顆粒20.0gに添加した。活性炭顆粒は800m2/g超のBET表面積を有していた。担体顆粒がさらさらになるまで、この混合物を蒸気浴を用いて加熱し、連続的に撹拌した。次いで、含浸触媒を長さ106cm×外径25mmの石英管に移した。次に、混合物が三元電気管炉の長さ61cmの加熱ゾーンのほぼ中央に位置するように、石英管を三元電気管炉中に入れた。窒素を100標準立方センチメーター/分の速度で触媒床に連続的に通した。管を周囲温度から300℃まで2時間かけて加熱し、300℃に2時間保持し、次いで、周囲温度まで冷却して戻した。
塩化ロジウム(III)水和物282mg(Rh 1.17ミリモル)及び二塩化錫(II)二水和物263mg(1.17ミリモル)を、11.6M濃塩酸5mLと蒸留水25mLとの混合物中に溶解させることによって、第5の比較触媒を製造した。この溶液を、蒸発皿に含まれる12×40メッシュの活性炭顆粒20.0gに添加した。活性炭顆粒は800m2/g超のBET表面積を有していた。この混合物を、前記例IVに記載した方法に従って加熱し、乾燥させた。
反応器系は、Hastelloy C合金製の直径6.35mm(1/4インチ)の管材料800〜950mm(31.5及び37インチ)で構成した。管の上部は、予熱及び反応(カルボニル化)ゾーンを構成した。これらのゾーンは、反応器の上部から410mmの位置に触媒の支持材として働くように石英ウールを挿入し、続いて以下のものを順に挿入することによって組み立てた:(1)微細石英チップ(840ミクロン)の0.7gの床;(2)前記例において記載したようにして製造した触媒の1つ0.5g;及び(3)微細石英チップ更に6g。管の上部を、液体及び気体供給材料を導入するための入り口マニホールドに取り付けた。
触媒Iを用いた前記操作の間に定期的に採取したサンプルの組成及び重量を以下の表Iに示す。表中、「時間」は、そのサンプルを採取するまでにメタノール供給によって開始されたカルボニル化の合計操作時間(時間)である。表中、「MeI」(ヨウ化メチル)、「MeOAc」(酢酸メチル)、「MeOH」(メタノール)及び「HOAc」(酢酸)の下に記載した値は、サンプル中に存在するそれらの各化合物の重量%である。各サンプルの重量をgで示す。
生産アセチル=(サンプル重量(g))×10×((MeOAc重量%)/74)+
(AcOH重量%)/60))。
((触媒の密度(g/ml))×(生産アセチル))
((使用触媒g)×(時間増分))
比較触媒C−I〜C−Vを、前記と同じ手法及びパラメーターを用いてメタノールのカルボニル化に用いた。各触媒について、生産アセチル(モル)/触媒(kg)/時及び生産アセチル(モル)/触媒容量(L)/時で表される生産速度を表IIIに示す。
Claims (19)
- 低級アルキルアルコール、低級アルキルアルコール生成性組成物及びそれらの混合物を含む反応体からエステル及びカルボン酸を製造する気相カルボニル化方法であって、前記方法がカルボニル化反応器のカルボニル化ゾーン中で気相条件下において前記反応体及び一酸化炭素を触媒と接触させることを含んでなり、且つ前記触媒が固体活性炭担体材料を伴なった触媒有効量のイリジウム及び錫を含んでなる気相カルボニル化方法。
- 前記反応体が炭素数1〜10の低級アルキルアルコール、炭素数2〜6のアルカンポリオール、炭素数3〜20のアルキルアルキレンポリエーテル及び炭素数3〜10のアルコキシアルカノール並びにそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応体がメタノールである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応体がジメチルエーテルである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記気相から製造されるエステル及びカルボン酸が酢酸、酢酸メチル及びそれらの混合物を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応体を前記カルボニル化ゾーン中で、ヨウ化水素、ヨウ化水素酸、ヨウ化メチル、ヨウ化エチル、1−ヨードプロパン、2−ヨードブタン、1−ヨードブタン、ヨウ化ベンジル、臭化水素、臭化メチル及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれた蒸気状ハロゲン化物化合物と接触させることを更に含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ハロゲン化物がヨウ素、ヨウ化水素、ヨウ化メチル、臭素、臭化水素、臭化メチル及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボニル化ゾーンを温度100〜350℃及び圧力1〜50バール(絶対)に保持する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記イリジウム及び錫を、それぞれ、触媒の総重量に基づき、0.1〜10重量%含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒が前記イリジウムを、触媒の総重量に基づき、0.1〜2重量%及び錫を、触媒の総重量に基づき、0.1〜5重量%含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酢酸、酢酸メチル又はそれらの混合物を製造する気相カルボニル化法であって、a.気相カルボニル化条件の温度及び圧力下で、カルボニル化反応器のカルボニル化ゾーン中でメタノール、一酸化炭素及びハロゲン化物を含む気体混合物を、固体触媒(固体活性炭担体材料を伴なった、触媒の総重量に基づき、0.01〜10重量%のイリジウム及び、触媒の総重量に基づき、0.01〜10重量%の錫を含む)と接触させ、そしてb.気体生成物から酢酸、酢酸メチル又はそれらの混合物を回収する工程を含んでなる気相カルボニル化方法。
- 前記ハロゲン化物促進剤がヨウ化水素、ヨウ化水素酸、ヨウ化メチル、ヨウ化エチル、1−ヨードプロパン、2−ヨードブタン、1−ヨードブタン、ヨウ化ベンジル、臭化水素、臭化メチル及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれる請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ハロゲン化物促進剤がヨウ素、ヨウ化水素、ヨウ化メチル、臭素、臭化水素、臭化メチル及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれる請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボニル化ゾーンを温度100〜350℃及び圧力1〜50バール(絶対)に保持する請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒が前記イリジウムを0.1〜2重量%及び前記錫を0.1〜5重量%含む請求項11に記載の方法。
- 酢酸、酢酸メチル又はそれらの混合物を製造する気相カルボニル化法であって、a.気相カルボニル化条件の温度及び圧力下で、カルボニル化反応器のカルボニル化ゾーン中でメタノール、一酸化炭素及びハロゲン化物を含む気体混合物を、固体触媒(固体活性炭担体材料を伴なった、触媒の総重量に基づき、0.1〜2重量%のイリジウム及び、触媒の総重量に基づき、0.1〜5重量%の錫を含む)と接触させ、そしてb.気体生成物から酢酸、酢酸メチル又はそれらの混合物を回収する工程を含んでなる気相カルボニル化方法。
- 前記ハロゲン化物促進剤がヨウ化水素、ヨウ化水素酸、ヨウ化メチル、ヨウ化エチル、1−ヨードプロパン、2−ヨードブタン、1−ヨードブタン、ヨウ化ベンジル、臭化水素、臭化メチル及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれる請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボニル化ゾーンを温度100〜350℃及び圧力1〜50バール(絶対)に保持する請求項16に記載の方法。
- 存在する前記ハロゲン化物の量がメタノール又はメタノール等価物対ハロゲン化物のモル比で1:1〜10,000:1である請求項16に記載の方法。
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US09/885,403 US6617471B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2001-06-20 | Method for carbonylation of lower aliphatic alcohols using tin promoted iridium catalyst |
PCT/US2002/018992 WO2003000640A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2002-06-17 | Vapor-phase carbonylation of lower aliphatic alcohols using tin promoted iridium catalyst |
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US7053241B1 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-05-30 | Celanese International Corporation | Acetic acid production methods incorporating at least one metal salt as a catalyst stabilizer |
EP1883616B1 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2009-09-30 | Wacker Chemie AG | A process for continuous carbonylation by supported ionic liquid-phase catalysis |
KR20080108605A (ko) * | 2006-04-05 | 2008-12-15 | 우드랜드 바이오퓨엘스 인크. | 합성 가스에 의해 바이오매스를 에탄올로 전환시키는 시스템 및 방법 |
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US8877963B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2014-11-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Production of acetic acid with high conversion rate |
US8394988B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2013-03-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Production of acetic acid with high conversion rate |
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TW201332958A (zh) | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-16 | Celanese Int Corp | 高轉化率之醋酸生產製程 |
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US6355837B1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2002-03-12 | Eastman Chemical Company | Vapor phase carbonylation process using group 4 metal promoted iridium catalyst |
US6353132B1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2002-03-05 | Eastman Chemical Company | Vapor phase carbonylation process using group 5 metal promoted iridium catalyst |
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EP1397337A1 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
US6617471B2 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
ATE390402T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
CN1505604A (zh) | 2004-06-16 |
WO2003000640A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
JP2004531576A (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
DE60225800T2 (de) | 2009-04-16 |
CN1321970C (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
EP1397337B1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
DE60225800D1 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
US20030065217A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
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