JP4172749B2 - Environmental impact assessment device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention supports the planning, development, design and evaluation of environmentally conscious products. Environmental impact assessment device For conducting environmental impact assessments and cost assessments that are particularly useful when planning multi-generation product lines Environmental impact assessment device About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various problems such as global warming due to the effect of exhaust gas, which is increasing with the development of industry and economy, global warming, natural destruction due to the disposal of a large amount of discarded waste, and environmental pollution due to harmful substances Therefore, reducing the environmental burden on the earth is an important issue in the industrial world.
[0003]
When considering the environmental impact in the manufacturing industry, it is not sufficient to focus on the range from product material procurement to production and shipment of the manufactured product, and it is necessary to put it into the disposal stage including recycling There is.
[0004]
Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the environmental burden from the viewpoint of capturing the entire life from the birth of the product to the disposal of used products. Importance of assistive technology to develop products so that the environmental impact of the entire product lifecycle (product lifetime) from product material procurement to disposal of the used products is reduced more reliably than conventional products Has increased. The establishment of design support technology for design that places importance on such life cycle processes is desired.
[0005]
Of course, conventionally, as a method for calculating the environmental load and the environmental impact related to the entire life cycle of a product, for example, there has been a life cycle assessment (LCA) defined by ISO14040.
[0006]
This LCA is, for example, CO generated in the product life cycle. ₂ (CO2 gas), NOx (nitrogen oxides), etc. "environmental impact" that will have an adverse effect on the environment (inventory analysis), and to evaluate the impact on the environment (impact analysis) is there. Therefore, if the design solution (product and product life cycle process) is evaluated by LCA and the design solution is improved based on the evaluation result, it is possible to supply an environmentally friendly product that can reduce the environmental impact.
[0007]
However, the conventional LCA method calculates the average environmental impact generated per product. In this conventional method, for example, in a so-called multi-generation product series in which a single product model is produced by inheriting a basic design for several generations by partial improvement, a product is collected and a specific part is taken out. When applying to the case of reusing within the same product line, it must be assumed that the supply amount of the reuse parts and the required quantity of the parts are balanced.
[0008]
In other words, when considering reuse, the most suitable product line is a multi-generation product line in which a single product model is developed over several generations and evolves with partial improvements. This is because the new product is often composed of the same parts as many of the components of the old product. Such multi-generation product manufacturing means that used products that are no longer necessary at the user's hand can be collected and their components can be reused.
[0009]
Therefore, in recent years, as represented by lens-equipped films (disposable cameras), used products are collected by manufacturers, disassembled, and the disassembled parts are reused as parts for the next product. It has also been required for other industrial products.
[0010]
In the case of industrial products, if components are standardized, not only multi-generation products but also parts can be reused widely.
[0011]
In that case, when applying the conventional LCA technique, it must be used on the assumption that the supply amount of the reuse parts and the required amount of the parts are balanced.
[0012]
However, the effect of the actual reuse of parts on the environmental impact largely depends on the balance between the supply quantity of reuse parts and the required quantity of parts derived from the production volume of products incorporating the parts.
[0013]
In other words, if the amount of reused parts is less than the required amount, the number of newly produced parts must be increased. Conversely, if the amount of reused parts is excessive, the remaining parts must be discarded. . Therefore, in order to accurately estimate the environmental impact effects of component reuse and realize product manufacturing that further reduces the environmental burden, LCA must be implemented in a multi-generation product line that takes production volume into account. .
[0014]
In other words, in order to accurately estimate the environmental impact effect of component reuse, LCA must be performed in a multi-generation product line that takes production volume into account.
[0015]
The same applies to material recycling within the same product line.
[0016]
Further, as a concept for calculating the cost of the entire life cycle of a certain product, there is a life cycle cost (LCC).
[0017]
This LCC is the cost of the entire product life cycle from material procurement to disposal. As for this LCC, as in the case of LCA, in order to accurately estimate the environmental impact effect of component reuse, the LCC must be obtained in a multi-generation product line that takes into account the production volume. Of course, this also applies to the case of material recycling within the same product line.
[0018]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the conventional technology was established on the assumption that the supply amount and the required amount of parts are in balance when parts are reused or recycled, it is possible to accurately estimate the environmental impact and cost of the entire multi-generation product line. I couldn't.
[0019]
In other words, since manufacturing is carried out as a corporate activity, the cost cannot be ignored, so it must be kept within the proper range of economic activities. Therefore, the enterprise must consider the LCA and LCC. It is necessary to carry out effective product manufacturing. For this purpose, it is necessary to accurately reflect the supply of reused parts and recycled materials that can be used in the same product line when developing a multi-generation product line, so that predictions that match the actual situation can be made. It is necessary to consider the events related to reuse and recycling as uncertain factors in advance and to match the actual situation. However, since the conventional method is based on the assumption that the supply amount of the reuse parts and the required amount of the parts are balanced, it cannot be evaluated according to the actual situation.
[0020]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to be able to predict and evaluate as accurately as possible the environmental impact and cost generated from a product group of a multi-generation product line when implementing manufacturing that takes into account parts reuse and material recycling. Enable effective component reuse and material recycling Environmental impact assessment device Is to provide.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first aspect of the present invention is: In the procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, recovery, and disposal stages of the first target to be reused from the recovered product and the second target to be recycled and the target of the newly produced product to be assembled by reuse and recycling Storage means for storing environmental impact information and cost information; reading environmental impact information and cost information relating to the first and second objects and the object of the newly produced product from the storage means; and displaying icons as icons respectively Display means, means for inputting the number of products for each product, production start time, production period, etc., accepting operations from the user, and based on the read information displayed on the display means, the newly produced product from the collected product Icon indicating the newly produced product from an icon indicating at least one of the first and second objects that can be diverted to And displaying an arrow on the screen of the display device to create a life cycle model for associating at least one of the first and second objects with the object of the newly produced product, and the life cycle model Product value indicating the period during which the product maintains its value for the user, and the period of use of the product that is subject to reuse or recycling by the above life cycle modeling The first production value is defined as the average production quantity per unit period obtained by dividing the production quantity distribution of the product to be reused or recycled by the shorter one of the lifetime and the product useful life, and dividing the production quantity by the production period. And a process for approximating at least one collection amount distribution of the second object, the production number distribution of the newly produced product, and the collection amount The process for obtaining the applicable quantities of the first and second targets that can be applied to the newly produced product, the number of newly produced products, the applicable quantity, and the read environmental impact information and cost Based on the information, when producing a product using the reused or recycled first and second objects, and when producing a product without using the reused or recycled first and second objects, An environmental impact evaluation apparatus comprising: a processor that calculates an environmental impact and a cost associated with production of the product and displays the result. I will provide a.
[0022]
The second aspect of the present invention is In the procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, recovery, and disposal stages of the first target to be reused from the recovered product and the second target to be recycled and the target of the newly produced product to be assembled by reuse and recycling Storage means for storing environmental impact information and cost information; reading environmental impact information and cost information relating to the first and second objects and the object of the newly produced product from the storage means; and displaying icons as icons respectively Display means, means for inputting the number of products for each product, production start time, production period, etc., accepting operations from the user, and based on the read information displayed on the display means, the newly produced product from the collected product Icon indicating the newly produced product from an icon indicating at least one of the first and second objects that can be diverted to And displaying an arrow on the screen of the display device to create a life cycle model for associating at least one of the first and second objects with the object of the newly produced product, and the life cycle model Product value indicating the period during which the product maintains its value for the user, and the period of use of the product that is subject to reuse or recycling by the above life cycle modeling The next model is introduced as the average production quantity per unit period with the production quantity distribution of the product to be reused or recycled as the shorter of the service life and the product useful life, and the production quantity divided by the production period. A process of approximating at least one collection distribution of the first and second objects using a triangular distribution that sometimes has a peak value; Based on the production unit distribution of the newly produced product and the collection amount distribution, a process for obtaining the applicable quantity of the first and second targets that can be applied to the newly produced product, the production number of the newly produced product, and the appropriation Based on the possible quantity and the read environmental impact information and cost information, a product is produced using the reused or recycled first and second objects, and the reused or recycled first and second items. 2. Environmental impact assessment characterized by comprising a processor that calculates the environmental impact and cost associated with the production of the product when the product is produced without using the target, and displays the result. apparatus I will provide a.
[0029]
In the above environmental impact assessment, Approximation prediction Processing Is the shorter of the product life expectancy and product life expectancy, and the product production number distribution is the estimated total production quantity is the expected production period. Approximate using the average number of units produced per unit period divided by.
[0030]
As a result, when predicting the recovered amount and the transferred dose, it can be easily calculated as a model very close to the actual production number distribution. As a result, when performing component reuse and material recycling, it is possible to evaluate environmental impacts and costs more accurately in accordance with the actual situation while performing relatively simple processing, and implement effective component reuse and material recycling. It becomes possible.
[0031]
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the environmental impact and cost of the entire series at the time of product series planning. For example, the implementation of a carbon tax (carbon dioxide emission tax) being studied as part of the movement to tax the environmental load It is possible to evaluate and determine the most suitable parts reuse form and material recycling method in order to minimize the total cost in consideration of the environmental cost that must be borne by the company.
[0032]
In the above environmental impact assessment, Approximation prediction Processing Uses the shorter period of product life and product life, and the product production number distribution has a peak value when the next model is introduced. Predict by approximating with triangular distribution.
[0033]
As a result, when predicting the recovered amount and the transferred dose, it can be easily calculated as a model very close to the actual production number distribution. For this reason, when performing component reuse and material recycling, it becomes possible to more accurately evaluate the environmental impact and cost according to the actual situation with simple processing, and it becomes possible to carry out effective component reuse and material recycling.
[0034]
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the environmental impact and cost of the entire series at the time of product series planning. For example, the implementation of a carbon tax (carbon dioxide emission tax) being studied as part of the movement to tax the environmental load It is possible to evaluate and determine the most suitable parts reuse form and material recycling method in order to minimize the total cost in consideration of the environmental cost that must be borne by the company.
[0035]
In the above environmental impact assessment, the life cycle modeling process arranges the element symbol of the collected product linked to the relevant information of the element and the element symbol of the product to which the component or material is diverted on the screen. An item content entry screen that includes at least one of the following information: product name, previous model, product useful life, product value life, production start time, and number of productions is displayed. It supports screen expansion that can be associated. As a result, modeling can be performed with a simple operation.
[0036]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a technology for enabling a group of multi-generation product families to simultaneously evaluate the environmental impact and the costs generated in a company when parts reuse and material recycling are carried out. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0037]
<Configuration of this system>
FIG. 1 shows an environmental impact assessment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to the figure, the environmental impact assessment apparatus includes a processor (CPU) 10, a product production / recovery amount distribution prediction unit 11, a life cycle modeling unit 12, an environmental impact / cost integration unit 13, a display device 14, and input / output. A device 15, an environmental impact information database 16, a cost information database 17, and an external storage device 18 are provided. The product production / recovery amount distribution prediction unit 11, life cycle modeling unit 12, and environmental impact / cost integration unit 13 correspond to programs stored in the memory 100. The processor 10 executes necessary programs, including input / output control and various arithmetic processes, by executing programs stored in the memory 100.
[0038]
The product production / recovery amount distribution forecasting unit 11 is a device for predicting the amount of reused parts / recycled material supplied to each product that constitutes a multi-generation product series. The supply quantity can be predicted by processing the propositions such as which parts can be used as parts of the next product, and how much materials can be reused as raw materials. The life cycle modeling unit 12 is for performing life cycle modeling of multi-generation product lines, and will be described in detail later.
[0039]
The environmental impact / cost integrating unit 13 calculates the environmental impact and cost of the entire multi-generation product line. The display device 14 is a display device for displaying the operation and result contents of the system such as processing results, input contents, and input screens, and the input / output device 15 is a man-machine with a life cycle planner who is an operator. The interface includes a keyboard and a pointing device as an input device, and a printer and an audio device as an output device.
[0040]
The environmental impact information database (DB) 16 is a database that holds environmental impact information related to product material procurement, manufacture, distribution, use, recovery / disposal stages, and environmental impact information generated during component reuse / material recycling. These information are acquired by the LCA tool. The cost information database (DB) 17 is a database that holds cost information related to product material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, recovery / disposal stages, and cost information generated when parts are reused / recycled. Obtained by the tool.
[0041]
The LCA tool is used to calculate the "environmental load" that occurs in the life cycle of the target product (inventory analysis) and to evaluate its impact on the environment (impact analysis). By using this LCA tool, It enables the development of products that reduce environmental impact by evaluating design solutions (products and product life cycle processes) and improving the design solutions based on the evaluation results. The LCC tool is a support tool for calculating costs for the entire product life cycle from material procurement to disposal. The external storage device 18 stores intermediate results and final results of evaluation.
[0042]
<Description of operation>
Next, the operation of the system of the present invention having such a configuration will be described.
The system of the present invention is intended to calculate and present the environmental impact and cost of the entire multi-generation product line, and is implemented in steps S1 to S4 shown in FIG. That is, life cycle modeling (S1), product production / recovery amount prediction (S2), environmental impact / cost integration (S3), and the resulting environmental impact / cost presentation (S4) Are executed sequentially. In the system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the environmental impact evaluation and the cost evaluation are performed by the environmental impact assessment and cost accumulating unit 13 when the parts are reused and the material is recycled. Life cycle modeling of the product series is performed (step S1 in FIG. 2). This is the process of step S1. This life cycle modeling process is a process for defining what is to be used and collected and what is to be used for the next generation to be produced. This is performed by the life cycle modeling unit 12 in the memory.
[0043]
In this process, the life cycle modeling process is performed according to the procedure shown in FIG. That is, the user operates the keyboard or the like of the input / output device 15 to give the processor 10 an activation command for the life cycle modeling processing function. As a result, the processor 10 activates the life cycle modeling unit 12 and enables the life cycle modeling process. Next, the user first performs an operation of iconizing the names of parts constituting the product and calling them on the screen of the display device 14 (step S11 in FIG. 3). That is, it takes a form in which the names of parts constituting the product are displayed as symbols and pasted on the screen.
[0044]
The user can arbitrarily specify the pasting position of the iconized part name on the screen. This is because the position of the icon can be moved with a mouse or the like.
[0045]
For example, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 show this state. First, the user places an icon 31 in which the part name of the original product to be reused or recycled is iconified at a desired position on the screen. Paste (FIG. 4A). Similarly, if there is a next target part, the part name is iconified and pasted on the screen as an icon 32 obtained by this iconization (FIG. 4B). In the case of this example, the icon 31 of the component that is the first product liquid crystal display is pasted first, and the icon 32 of the component that is the notebook personal computer body of the first product is pasted next. Since these parts are diverted from the original product, the user places both icons 31 and 32 close together. This state is the state of FIG. 4B.
[0046]
Next, the user pastes an icon 33 in which a part name of a next-generation product as an object to be assembled by reusing reused parts and materials is iconified at a desired position on the screen (FIG. 5A). Similarly, if there is a next target part, the part name is converted into an icon and pasted on the screen as an icon 33 obtained by the iconization (FIG. 5B). In the case of this example, the first icon pasted is the icon 33 of the component of the next generation product liquid crystal display, and the second pasted icon is the icon 34 of the component of the next generation product notebook personal computer main body. Since these parts constitute a next-generation product, the user places both icons 33 and 34 close to each other. This state is the state of FIG.
[0047]
Furthermore, if there is another product as a target to be assembled by recycling recycled parts or materials, the user iconizes the part name of the product. The obtained icons 35 and 36 are pasted to desired positions on the screen (FIG. 6). In the case of this example, the icon 35 of the component that is a liquid crystal display of another product is pasted first, and the icon 36 of the component that is a power supply box of the separate product is pasted next. Since these parts constitute the product, the user places both icons 35 and 36 close to each other. This state is the state of FIG.
[0048]
Next, the user operates a pointing device such as a mouse to specify grouping by surrounding a part name icon as a product unit. Thus, parts can be grouped to form a product (step S12 in FIG. 3). In this example, the icons 31 and 32 are grouped by surrounding them with lines, the icons 33 and 34 are grouped by surrounding them with lines, and the icons 35 and 36 are grouped by surrounding them with lines. As a result, the life cycle modeling unit 12 as a program recognizes the icons 31 and 32 as one group, the icons 33 and 34 as one group, and the icons 35 and 36 as one group.
[0049]
Next, the user inputs product information for each of the grouped products (step S13 in FIG. 3). The product information includes “product name”, “next model name”, “product useful life”, “production start time”, “total production number”, and the like.
[0050]
That is, when the grouping is completed, the life cycle modeling unit 12 displays the input windows w1, w2, and w3 for inputting the product information about each of the grouped products as shown in FIG. To control the display (for example, pop-up display). Therefore, the user inputs product information about each of the grouped products by using, for example, a keyboard operation using the input windows w1, w2, and w3. This state is shown in FIGS.
[0051]
Once the product information for each of the products grouped in this way has been entered using the input windows w1, w2, and w3, a directed link between the parts to be reused and the parts to be recycled. (Step S14 in FIG. 3).
[0052]
This is implemented by drawing a line by dragging and dropping the icons of grouped part names and the icons by the user operating a pointing device such as a mouse.
[0053]
In the case of this example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the mouse cursor is first placed on the icon 32, and the mouse is dragged and dropped from here to the icon 34 to draw a line 37 therebetween. As a result, the processor 10 displays an image as shown in FIG. 10A on the screen of the display device 14 as an image in which a line 37 with an arrow from the icon 32 to the icon 34 is drawn, and the life cycle modeling unit 12 Will recognize that the icon 32 is related to the icon 34.
[0054]
Next, the user places a mouse cursor on the icon 31, points it to the icon 35, and drags and drops the mouse to draw a line 38 therebetween. As a result, the processor 10 displays an image as shown in FIG. 10B on the screen of the display device 14 as an image in which a line 38 with an arrow from the icon 31 to the icon 35 is drawn, and the life cycle modeling unit 12 Recognizes that the icon 31 is related to the icon 35.
[0055]
Next, the user clicks an arbitrary point on the arrow lines 37 and 38 with the mouse. Then, the selection screen of whether to reuse parts or material recycling pops up, and if you select either, the line will be defined whether it is an association for parts reuse or an association for material recycling . In this example, if the part reuse is selected and determined, the life cycle modeling unit 12 recognizes that the lines 37 and 38 are associated for part reuse. Then, the processor 10 reflects it and displays “reuse” at the positions of the lines 37 and 38 on the screen. FIG. 11 shows a screen after the above processing is completed.
[0056]
This completes the process of creating a directed link between the parts, and the life cycle modeling is completed.
[0057]
In this way, in the life cycle modeling process, a group of icons in which part names are iconified are grouped, and product information (“product name”, “next model name”, “ "Product life expectancy", "Production start year", "Estimated total production", etc.) "Next model name" includes product LCA information of component parts and LCC information as related information To do. These are acquired by the life cycle modeling unit 12 from the environmental impact information database 16 and the cost information database 17.
[0058]
The environmental impact information database 16 includes environmental impact information on material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, recovery / disposal stages of products, as well as component reuse / calculation, which are calculated by LCA methods using LCA tools. Environmental impact information generated during material recycling is held, and the cost information database 17 includes material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use of products calculated by the LCC method used in the past using the LCC tool. Since the cost information related to the collection / disposal stage and the cost information generated at the time of component reuse / material recycling are held, the life cycle modeling unit 12 performs the life cycle modeling process according to the procedure shown in FIG. For example, the environmental impact information (product L A), it is possible to obtain cost information (LCC information).
[0059]
For example, the part name “14” LCD (14-inch liquid crystal display) ”at the“ material procurement stage ”has a weight of 800 [g] and is manufactured CO 2 (carbon dioxide generated by the manufacturing process and discharged to the global environment). Gas amount) is 3500 [g], parts cost (cost) is 20000 [yen], and the part name “14” LCD (14-inch liquid crystal display) is recovered / inspected in the “reuse stage”. ₂ (The amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the global environment due to the inspection for recovery and reuse) is 100 [g], and the recovery / inspection cost (cost for recovery and inspection) is 500 [yen]. Yes, and so on, and CO per unit weight at the “recovery stage” ₂ (The amount of carbon dioxide per unit weight that is generated during the recovery and discharged into the global environment) is 0.1 [g], and the recovery cost per unit weight is 1 [yen]. CO per unit weight of ₂ (The amount of carbon dioxide per unit weight that is generated in the disposal and discharged into the global environment) is 0.8 [g], the cost per unit weight is 0.5 [yen], and so on. is there.
[0060]
These pieces of information are managed by being linked (associated) with the icons on the screen (the names of the parts that make up the product are symbolized and pasted on the screen), and the linked information is aggregated. The data is now available.
[0061]
The environmental impact information and cost information used here are examples of product LCA and LCC information taking a notebook personal computer as an example, and are calculated using the LCA method and LCC method that have been used conventionally. The calculation method using the input-output table and the method using the stacking method are applicable.
[0062]
When the life cycle modeling process is completed, the supply amount of the reuse parts and the recycled material is predicted by the procedure shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 16, or FIG. 18 (step S2 in FIG. 2). ). This supply amount prediction process is performed by the product production / recovery amount distribution prediction unit 11.
[0063]
According to the procedure shown in FIG. 15, the total number of periods K to be calculated is input (S21). The initial value is set, that is, the product number i = 1, the period k = 1, and the cumulative use amount U (i) = 0 of the product is set (S22). It is determined whether the next model exists in the product i (S23). If this determination is YES, the production period Tp (i) of the product i = the production start time Tpn (i) of the next model of the product i−the production start time Ts of the product i is calculated (S24). If the determination is NO, Tp (i) = Productable period Ta (i) of product i is calculated (S25).
[0064]
Ts (i) ≦ k <Ts (i) + Tp (i) is determined (S26). If this determination is YES, the production quantity P (k, i) of the product i in the k period = the total production P (i) / Tp (i) of the product i is calculated (S27). If the determination is No, P (k, i) = 0 is calculated (S28). Thereafter, Ts (i) + min {product useful life la (i), product value life lr (i)} ≦ k ≦ Ts (i) + min {la (i), lr (i)} is determined (S29). ). If this determination is NO, the recovery amount C (k, j) = 0 of the product i in the k period is calculated (S30). If the determination is YES, C (k, j) = total production amount P (i) of product i × recovery rate C (i) / production period Tp (i) of product i is calculated (S31).
[0065]
Next, the cumulative usage amount U (i) = U (i) + P (k, i) −C (k, j) / C (i) of the product i is calculated (S32). k = K is determined (S33). If this determination is NO, 1 is added to k (S34), and the process returns to step S26. If the determination is YES, i = I is determined (S35). If this determination is NO, 1 is added to i (S36), and the process returns to step S23. If the determination in step S35 is yes, the result is stored in the external storage device (S37).
[0066]
In the procedure shown in FIG. 16, when the determination in step S23 is YES, the production period Tp (i) = product value life lr (i) of the product i is calculated (S41), and the process proceeds to step S26.
[0067]
In the procedure shown in FIG. 18, if the determination in step S23 is YES, the production period of product i Tp (i) = 2 × {production start time Tpn (i) of the next model of product i−production start of product i Time Ts (i)} is calculated (S51). Thereafter, if the determination in step S26 is YES, the production amount P (k, i) of the product i in the k period is k × P (i) / [{(Tp when k ≦ Tp (i) / 2. (i) +1) ² / 4} quotient], and when k> Tp (i) / 2, {Tp (i) −k + 1} × P (i) / [{(Tp (i) +1) ² / 4}]] (S52). When the determination in step 29 is YES, C (k, j) = P (k−min {la (i), lr (i)}, i) × recovery rate C (i) is calculated (S53). The process proceeds to step S32.
[0068]
The product production / recovery amount distribution prediction unit 11 predicts the production / recovery amount distribution of each product constituting the multi-generation product series. In other words, the number of units collected in what year, how many parts can be used as parts of the next product, and how much materials can be reused as raw materials are processed to predict their supply. To do.
[0069]
If the supply amount prediction of the reuse parts and the recycled materials is finished, the environmental impact / cost integration is performed by the procedure of FIG. 19 (step S3 of FIG. 2). In this procedure, the total number of periods K to be calculated is input (S61). Setting of initial values, that is, product number i = 1, period k = 1, reuse target part j = 1, reuse part applicable quantity R (j) = 0 is set (S62). The production amount, the recovery amount, and the cumulative usage amount of the product i in the k period are read from the external storage device 18 (S63). i = I is determined (S64). If this determination is NO, 1 is added to i (S65), and the process returns to step S63. If the determination is YES, R (j) = R (j) + sum of all product types Σ [C (k, i) × number of parts j used in product i N (j, i)] is Calculated (S66).
[0070]
Next, R (j)> 0 is determined (S67), and if this determination is YES, supply and demand balance Δj = R (j) + sum of all product types Σ [P (k, i) × part j is The number N (j, i)] used in the product i is calculated (S68). Thereafter, Δj = 0 is determined (S69). If this determination is YES, R (j) = 0 is determined as all the reuse target parts are reused and there is no remainder (S70). If the determination is NO, Δj> 0 is determined (S71). If this determination is YES, R (j) = 0 is determined (S72) as all reuse and shortage is newly manufactured. If the determination in step S71 is no, R (j) = | Δj | is determined assuming that the remainder of reuse is carried over to the next period (S73).
[0071]
Next, j = J is determined (S74). If this determination is NO, 1 is added to j (S75), and the process returns to step S66. If the determination is YES, the company cost in the k period, generated CO ₂ Is calculated (S76). Here, the company cost refers to material procurement cost, manufacturing cost, distribution cost, product collection cost, reuse cost, recycling cost, and disposal cost in the product life cycle. CO generated ₂ Means CO generated in the entire product life cycle, that is, material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, product recovery, reuse, recycling, and disposal. ₂ Of which the relevant CO in period k ₂ Accumulate the amount generated.
[0072]
Thereafter, k = K is determined (S77). If this determination is NO, 1 is added to k (S78), and the process returns to step S63. If the determination is YES, the company cost over the entire period, CO generated ₂ Is calculated (S79), and the result is stored in the external storage device 18 (S80).
[0073]
This is the process of the above stage [3]. The environmental impact / cost accumulation process is performed by the environmental impact / cost accumulation unit 13 using the information in the environmental impact information database 16 and the cost information database 17, and the environmental impact and cost of the entire multi-generation product line are calculated. The
[0074]
Next, this integration result is displayed on the display device 14 (step S4 in FIG. 2). This is the process of the above stage [4]. As a result, the operator can know the environmental impact and cost of the entire multi-generation product line, and when reusing and recycling, the operator can properly allocate the product frame to be applied. Both LCA and LCC Enables optimal parts reuse and material recycling that take into account
[0075]
The overall operation outline of the system of the present invention is as described above.
[0076]
Here, what we want to realize with the system of the present invention is that in the next production, reuse parts / recycled materials that will be diverted from used products are supplied without excess and deficiency, and the greatest effect seen from LCA and LCC It is to realize the operation that can be obtained. Therefore, in the system of the present invention, the greatest key is how to accurately and easily predict the supply amount of reuse parts / recycled materials. Therefore, the embodiment of this part will be described more specifically.
[0077]
<Product production / recovery forecast>
As described above, in the system of the present invention, the supply amount of reused parts / recycled materials is predicted by the product production / recovery amount distribution prediction unit 11. In the system of the present invention, this prediction is performed using an approximate model of the recovery distribution as shown below, so that the amount of reused parts / recycled materials supplied can be reduced while simplifying the processing as much as possible. To be predictable to meet
[0078]
In general, the environmental impact and cost effects of using reused parts and recycled materials within a product line are affected by the number of products produced / recovered and the production time (market launch time). This means that if the previous environmental impacts and costs are to be accurately estimated, they must be handled as a group that generates environmental impacts and costs within a certain period rather than per product.
[0079]
FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining this. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the production time of the first and next generation products, the use period of the first product (product use period across users), and reuse. In this example, the first product is produced in the production lot 1 indicated by L1 in the production period as shown in the figure, and the production amount is indicated by the display area of the area graph A displayed in a rectangular graph. "Production lot 1" The original product manufactured in L1 is used and collected when a predetermined use period PTuse has elapsed, and the product is manufactured in production lot 2 labeled L2 that starts at this point. In addition, parts (reused parts) and recovered materials obtained from the recovered products are reused.
[0080]
There are three types, "case1", "case2", and "case3". Of these, in the case of “case 1”, 50% of the collected parts are discarded as surplus parts (area graph B1), and the remaining 50% is reused in “production lot 2” L2. (Area graph B2 represents the production amount in “manufacturing lot 2” L2).
[0081]
In the case of “case 2”, it is shown that the collected parts can cover 100% production in “production lot 2” L2 (area graph C).
[0082]
In the case of “case3”, the collected parts can cover 50% of the production volume in “Manufacturing Lot 2” L2 (area graph D2), but the remaining 50 [%] requires production of new parts. It is shown that there is (area graph D1).
[0083]
Here, in order to facilitate understanding of the effect of the system of the present invention, the product to be analyzed is, for example, a product with a very short use period, and the product can be collected 100% after use, The case will be described assuming that all the parts included in the product can be reused (that is, the reusability rate = 100 [%]).
[0084]
In the case of this assumption example, the effect of reuse of parts on the environmental impact and cost depends on the production volume of the product in which the reuse parts are incorporated. Therefore, if the amount of parts used in “Manufacturing Lot 1” L1 is larger than the amount of parts required in “Manufacturing Lot 2” L2, there will be a surplus of recovered parts (“case 1”). The shortage of recovered parts must be newly produced and used (“case 3”).
[0085]
As is clear from this, the environmental impact / cost generated in “Manufacturing Lot 2” L2 is the amount of product collected in “Manufacturing Lot 1” L1 and supplied to the market and the product in “Manufacturing Lot 2” L2. It can be seen that this depends on the production amount, the collection time of the product produced in the “manufacturing lot 1” L1 and delivered to the user, and the product production time of the “manufacturing lot 2” L2.
[0086]
Therefore, the accuracy of the evaluation result is determined by how this can be expressed as simply and accurately as possible.
[0087]
In the present invention, two types of representation formats, that is, an approximate model 1 and an approximate model 2 are prepared.
[0088]
<Approximate model 1>
The main point of the present invention is to predict the supply amount of reuse parts / recycled materials by modeling the state of recovery in a state that is realistic in order to make the implementation as simple as possible. Based on this, LCA and LCC are evaluated.
[0089]
In the real world (actual), the distribution of product production during a certain period is determined mainly by the convenience of the product manufacturer, and then the distribution of product usage and the product recovery rate are determined mainly by the convenience of the product user. As a result, the distribution of the actual product collection number is determined.
[0090]
As shown in FIG. 14 (a) as an explanation of the real world assumed by “approximate model 1,” the distribution of product production during a certain period is determined mainly by the convenience of the product manufacturer, The distribution of the product use period and the product collection rate are determined by convenience, and as a result, the distribution of the actual number of products collected is determined. In this “approximate model 1”, the real world is determined as follows. It is modeled to reflect it almost faithfully (see FIG. 14).
[0091]
That is, here, from the start of production until the next model is introduced as the production period tp, the average production quantity per unit period obtained by dividing the total production expected quantity by the production period is used as the production quantity distribution (FIG. 14). ). For products for which the next model is not set, the expected production period set in the life cycle modeling stage is used.
[0092]
In this method, the collection period is the same as the production period, the total number of products collected is calculated using a fixed product collection rate, and this is divided by the collection period to calculate the average number of collections per unit period. .
[0093]
Further, the product use period is min {product value life, product useful life}. Here, “min” means that the minimum one is selected as described above, and the minimum element among the two elements “product value life” and “product life expectancy” is used as the usage period. It means that. Product life expectancy refers to the period during which the product maintains its value for the product user, and product useful life refers to the period during which the product maintains a failure rate lower than the required failure rate. Is. These product service life and product value life are determined individually for each product.
[0094]
These product useful life and product value life are determined individually for each product by the user of this system (the person in charge of design and development of the product to be evaluated) based on the actual situation and experience.
[0095]
This approximate model is suitable for a product category in which, for example, production is discontinued in a single fiscal year and the next product model is produced (small household appliances, personal computers, etc.). In addition, the period shown as a horizontal axis in the graph of FIG. 14 is applicable also as a fiscal year or a monthly degree.
[0096]
With the above, it becomes possible to accurately predict the amount of collection of used products by period. Although this example is a simple method, there is an effect that it can be easily calculated as a model very close to the actual production number distribution.
[0097]
In this approximate model, if the production period Tp is the value of product value life, this model can also be applied to product categories (for example, automobiles) that continue to be produced as long as market needs exist (FIG. 16).
[0098]
<Approximate model 2>
This “approximation model 2” is a triangular approximation model, and this approximation method is as shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. An explanatory diagram of the real world is FIG. 17 (a), which is the same as that described in FIG. 14 (a). In this “approximate model 2”, the estimated total production quantity is given, and the production quantity distribution is approximated by an isosceles triangular distribution centering on the period tpn until the next model is introduced. That is, the production period Tp in this case is 2 Tpn.
[0099]
The triangular distribution of the number of produced units is shifted by the product use period (= min {product value life, product useful life}) in the time direction, and the triangle height is adjusted so that the area of the triangle is equal to the number of collected items.
As a result, it is possible to obtain a collection number distribution approximated by a triangle. For products for which the next model is not set, the expected production period set in the life cycle modeling stage is used.
[0100]
This approximate model is suitable for product categories that have been in production for a relatively long time. For example, it is suitable for products that continue production while gradually reducing production after the introduction of the next model, such as large electrical products and industrial products. By using this approximate model, although it is a simple method, there is an effect that it can be easily calculated as a model very close to the actual production number distribution. In addition, the period shown as a horizontal axis in the graph of FIG. 17 is applicable also as a fiscal year or a monthly degree.
[0101]
As described above, it is possible to predict the collection amount of a used product for each period while maintaining accuracy.
[0102]
The product production / recovery amount distribution prediction unit 11 applies one of the above two types (“approximate model 1”, “approximate model 2”) of the approximate model of the recovery distribution, and actually uses it as a part. Considering the number of hours for reuse (cleaning, inspection, etc.) and the number of hours for material recycling (the number of days required by the material manufacturer), the amount of reused parts / recycled materials can be increased. We will be able to make predictions that will actually meet the requirements, and in the next production, we will supply reuse parts / recycled materials that will be diverted from used products without excess or deficiency, and achieve the maximum effect seen from LCA and LCC. Operations that can be obtained can be realized.
[0103]
Reusable parts / recycled materials that will be diverted from used products must be predicted before the start of production of the next product to be produced and supplied at the beginning of production without excess or deficiency. Although it is necessary to set the model optimally so that it is possible to predict the collection amount with high accuracy, it is determined empirically at the initial stage of operation, so there is a concern that it may deviate from the actual situation. However, this is gradually tuned better by applying a mechanism for learning and growing, and a model that fits in reality can be obtained.
[0104]
As described above, the processing procedure in the system of the present invention can be summarized as follows:
[1] Life cycle modeling
[2] Product production / recovery forecast
[3] Environmental impact / cost estimation
[4] Presentation of environmental impact and cost as a result
It consists of four stages.
[0105]
The life cycle modeling in the above [1] is to define what is to be used for the next generation to be produced and what is to be used for the next generation to be produced. In the present invention, in order to define the flow direction when carrying out part reuse or material recycling that is closed between the own product or product series, the material flow is indicated by an arrow. Explicitly describe in. At the same time, information such as “product name”, “next model name”, “product useful life”, “product value life”, “production start time”, “total number of units produced”, etc. is described and reflected in the definition. (FIG. 11). As a result, it is determined which part or material collected from which product is used for which product.
[0106]
After the life cycle modeling is completed, the supply amount prediction for parts reuse and material recycling using the approximate model is performed. In order to simplify the story, the model shown in FIG. 14 (“approximate model 1”) is used as a premise for this prediction, and material recycling is not considered for both open and closed. Therefore, after the product is used, there are only two options of component reuse or disposal. The product recovery rate is a fixed value of 80 [%], and the period for product material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, recovery / disposal, and reuse can be ignored. However, 80% of the product recovery rate is an empirical value.
[0107]
On the other hand, from the environmental impact information DB, cost information DB, and reuse / recycle information DB, environmental impact and cost information of a single product (as shown in FIG. 12) is obtained. The environmental impact information used here is calculated by a conventional LCA method.
[0108]
By considering the actual number of hours required for parts reuse (hours for cleaning / inspection) and the number of hours required for material recycling (the number of days required by the material manufacturer) in the approximate model of the above recovery distribution,・ The supply of recycled materials can be predicted more realistically.
[0109]
Using this predicted value, the environmental impact and cost for reuse and recycling are integrated to evaluate the value (procedure shown in FIG. 19).
[0110]
The results of using the system of the present invention will be shown.
FIG. 20 is an example in which the environmental impact and cost are calculated by the procedure of FIG. 19 using the “approximate model 1” (the production / recovery amount distribution prediction results of FIGS. 14 and 15) for the life cycle model shown in FIG. Fig. 20 compares the case where parts are reused and the case where parts are not reused. ₂ A state in which the reduction effect of the generation amount and the maker cost is expressed in a bar graph and visually displayed on the screen of the display device 14 is shown. By displaying the graph in comparison, it becomes possible to objectively grasp the effect of reuse under the planned conditions to be applied to the next product.
[0111]
Thus, the reuse effect in the multi-generation product series can be quantitatively compared by the evaluation method of the present invention. Such a comparison can be made in the same way even in the case of recycling. Further, the planner can refer to the detailed data as shown in FIG. 12 as necessary.
[0112]
As described above in detail, the present invention is a reuse planning support apparatus in the case of performing at least one of reuse of product components and material recycling. A modeling part that performs life cycle modeling between products to be reused, which is a process for defining which is to be diverted, and a recycle supply amount by fitting to a model modeled by this modeling part A prediction unit that predicts the environmental impact, and an environmental impact / cost evaluation device that evaluates the environmental impact and cost that are incurred when reused from the prediction result of the prediction unit.
[0113]
When at least one of the reuse of product components and material recycling is performed, reprocessing is a process for defining what of the collected products is to be used for which of the products to be newly produced. Performing life cycle modeling between products to be used, predicting the amount of reused material by applying it to the modeled model, and the environmental impact and cost incurred when reused from the obtained prediction results In this way, planning support for product component reuse is provided. As a result, when parts reuse and material recycling are performed, it becomes possible to more accurately evaluate the environmental impact and cost according to the actual situation, and it becomes possible to carry out effective parts reuse and material recycling. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the environmental impact and cost of the entire series at the time of product series planning. For example, the implementation of a carbon tax (carbon dioxide emission tax) being studied as part of the movement to tax the environmental load It is possible to evaluate and determine the most suitable part reuse form and material recycling method in order to minimize the total cost in consideration of the environmental cost that must be borne by the company.
[0114]
As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 21, it is also possible to perform environmental impact and cost evaluation (S3) after life cycle modeling (S1). However, in this case, the evaluator needs to grasp and input the product production amount and the collection amount and the supply-demand balance of reuse parts for each period. FIG. 22 shows an example of the life cycle modeling screen of this example, and FIG. 23 shows the result. This example is particularly effective when evaluation is performed for confirmation after production or product recovery has already been performed. In that case, it is because the production volume distribution and the recovery volume distribution in the real world have already been grasped.
[0115]
After life cycle modeling, environmental impact and cost integration are performed (FIG. 24), and the overall environmental impact and cost are evaluated. In this process, as a process after step S62 in the process of FIG. 19, the production amount, the recovery amount, and the cumulative usage amount of the product i in the k period are input by the user (S81). Other processes are the same as those in FIG. The evaluation result according to the present embodiment can also be obtained in the same manner as in FIG.
[0116]
The method described in the embodiment of the present invention includes, as programs that can be executed by a computer, a magnetic disk (flexible disk, hard disk, etc.), an optical disk (CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, MO, etc.). It can also be stored in a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory and distributed, or can be distributed by transmission via a network.
[0117]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to more accurately evaluate the environmental impact and cost of a multi-generation product line according to the actual situation. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the environmental impact and cost of the entire series at the time of product series planning. For example, the implementation of a carbon tax (carbon dioxide emission tax) being studied as part of the movement to tax the environmental load It is possible to evaluate and determine the most suitable parts reuse form and material recycling method in order to minimize the total cost in consideration of the environmental cost that must be borne by the company.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining an environmental impact assessment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing processing procedures for environmental impact assessment and cost assessment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a life cycle modeling process in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an operation development example for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an operation development example for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an operation development example for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an operation development example for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an operation development example for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an operation development example for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an operation development example for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a screen for life cycle modeling taking a personal computer as an example in the environmental impact assessment apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of saving a life cycle modeling result.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating three modes when all parts are reused in the same product.
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an approximate model 1 of production volume and recovery volume distribution used in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a prediction flow of product production amount distribution and collection amount distribution;
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a prediction flow of product production amount distribution and collection amount distribution;
FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining an approximate model 2 of a production amount / recovery amount distribution used in the environmental impact assessment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a prediction flow of product production volume distribution and collection volume distribution.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a flow of environmental impact / cost integration.
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a calculation example of a reuse effect.
FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an environmental impact evaluation and cost evaluation procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a life cycle modeling screen using a personal computer as an example.
FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of a life cycle modeling result.
FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an environmental impact / cost integration flow.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Processor
11 ... Product production / recovery forecast
12 ... Lifecycle modeling department
13 ... Environmental Impact / Cost Accumulation Department
14 ... Display device
15 ... I / O device
16 ... Environmental impact information database
17 ... Cost information database
18 ... External storage device

Claims (5)

In the procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, recovery, and disposal stages of the first target to be reused from the recovered product and the second target to be recycled and the target of the newly produced product to be assembled by reuse and recycling Storage means for storing environmental impact information and cost information ;
Display means for reading the environmental impact information and cost information relating to the first and second objects and the object of the newly produced product from the storage means, and displaying iconified icons respectively;
A means to input the number of products produced, the production start time, the production period, etc.
The new production from the icon indicating at least one of the first and second objects that can be transferred from the collected product to the new production product based on the read information displayed on the display means. A life cycle model that associates at least one of the first and second objects with the object of the newly produced product by displaying an arrow on the screen of the display device to an icon indicating a product, on the basis of the life cycle model, and the process of the environmental impact and cost assessment of, the period for the use of products intended for reuse or recycling by the life cycle modeling, the product is maintaining the value to the user a shorter value of the product worth life and product useful life indicating a period, and reuse or recycling of the target The production volume distribution of goods, the production volume as the average production volume per unit time divided by the production period, the process of predicting approximate at least one recovery amount distribution of the first and second target, the new production A process for obtaining applicable quantities of the first and second targets that can be applied to the newly produced product based on the product production number distribution and the collection amount distribution, and the number of newly produced products produced, the applicable quantity, In addition, based on the read environmental impact information and cost information, a case where a product is produced using the reused or recycled first and second objects, and the reused or recycled first and second objects in the case of producing a product without using calculates the environmental impact and costs associated with the production of the product, a processor for performing the processing for displaying the results, the EIA apparatus characterized by comprising.   The environmental impact evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor performs the prediction process by setting a production period from the start of production to the time of introduction of the next model. The environmental impact evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor performs the prediction process by setting a production period from a production start time to a product value life. In the procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, recovery, and disposal stages of the first target to be reused from the recovered product and the second target to be recycled and the target of the newly produced product to be assembled by reuse and recycling Storage means for storing environmental impact information and cost information ;
Display means for reading the environmental impact information and cost information relating to the first and second objects and the object of the newly produced product from the storage means, and displaying iconified icons respectively;
A means to input the number of products produced, the production start time, the production period, etc.
The new production from the icon indicating at least one of the first and second objects that can be transferred from the collected product to the new production product based on the read information displayed on the display means. A life cycle model that associates at least one of the first and second objects with the object of the newly produced product by displaying an arrow on the screen of the display device to an icon indicating a product, on the basis of the life cycle model, and the process of the environmental impact and cost assessment of, the period for the use of products intended for reuse or recycling by the life cycle modeling, the product is maintaining the value to the user a shorter value of the product worth life and product useful life indicating a period, and reuse or recycling of the target The production volume distribution of goods, the production volume as the average production volume per unit time divided by the production period, with a triangular distribution having a peak value at the next model on of the first and second target at least one a process of approximating predict recovery weight distribution, and on the basis the production volume distribution of new production products to the recovery weight distribution, the new production may appropriated to the product determining the first and appropriated possible quantity of the second target process, Based on the production number of the newly produced product, the applicable quantity, and the read environmental impact information and cost information, a product is produced using the first and second objects that are reused or recycled, and Calculating the environmental impact and cost associated with the production of the product when the product is produced without using the recycled or recycled first and second objects, EIA apparatus characterized by comprising a processor for performing a process of displaying the results, the. Wherein the processor environmental impact information and cost information to the lifecycle model and Based on multi-generation products processing for calculating the environmental impact and costs of the entire sequence claims 1 to 4 as set forth in any one of the environment Impact assessment device.

Images