JP4019571B2 - Food preservative - Google Patents
Food preservative Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4019571B2 JP4019571B2 JP25660799A JP25660799A JP4019571B2 JP 4019571 B2 JP4019571 B2 JP 4019571B2 JP 25660799 A JP25660799 A JP 25660799A JP 25660799 A JP25660799 A JP 25660799A JP 4019571 B2 JP4019571 B2 JP 4019571B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- chitosan
- extract
- eucalyptus
- preservative
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 235000019249 food preservative Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000005452 food preservative Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
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- 229940007062 eucalyptus extract Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
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Landscapes
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は食品保存剤に関し、詳しくは、食肉、魚の切り身、魚、果物、野菜、おにぎり、弁当、調理パン等の食品に対して保存効果(鮮度保持効果、褐変防止効果も含む)が高く、かつ安全性の高い食品保存剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、食品の保存剤として、ソルビン酸、安息香酸等の有機酸やその塩類が一般に用いられている。又、アミノ酸、プロタミン、ポリリジン等も食品保存剤として提案されている。しかし、これらの保存剤とタンパク質を多く含む食品と混合すると、効力が低下するという問題がある。充分な効果を得るためには保存剤を高濃度で使用する必要があり、結果として、食品の風味を損なう等の問題が生じる。
食品保存剤に関する2成分以上の併用効果の例として、ユーカリ抽出物と有機酸・保存料(特開昭52−102421号公報)、フェルラ酸とキトサン(特開平5−168449号公報)、プロピオン酸とキトサン(特開平5−137463号公報)、等が報告されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、安全で、効果が持続するものは少なく、また、効果が高いものであっても、合成化学物質には、人体等に対する影響が全くないとは言えないものも多い。そこで、本発明は、天然物を原料とし、安全で持続効果が高い食品保存剤を提案することを課題とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、以下の構成を採用する。即ち、本発明は、「ユーカリ属植物葉の極性溶媒抽出物とキトサンを含む食品保存剤」である。上記本発明において、ユーカリ属植物葉の極性溶媒抽出物およびキトサンを合計量で0.0001〜10重量%含有することが好ましい。
また、上記本発明において、前記極性溶媒抽出物が、低級アルコール及びグリコール類からなる群より選択される1種以上の溶媒により抽出されたものであることが好ましい。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
<1>ユーカリ属植物の極性有機溶媒抽出物
本発明の食品保存剤に用いるユーカリ属植物の極性有機溶媒抽出物(以下、「ユーカリ抽出物」ともいう)は、ユーカリ属植物の葉を極性有機溶媒で抽出して得られる抽出物である。
【0006】
原料となる葉は、ユーカリ属に属する植物の葉であれば使用可能で、ユーカリプタス・グランディス(Eucalyptus grandis)、ユーカリプタス・ ボツリオイデス(Eucalyptus botryoides)、ユーカリプタス・グロブルス(Eucalyptus globulus)、ユーカリプタス・カマルジュレンシス(Eucalyptus camaldulensis)、ユーカリプタス・クレブラ(Eucalyptus crebra)、ユーカリプタス・マクラタ(Eucalyptus maculata)、ユーカリプタス・ビミナリス(Eucalyptus viminalis)等の植物の葉を用いることができる。これらのユーカリ葉は、単独の植物由来の葉を用いてもよく、2種以上の植物由来の葉を組み合わせて用いることもできる。
【0007】
上記のようなユーカリ属植物葉を、極性有機溶媒で抽出する。抽出に先立って、葉を適当な大きさに破砕したり、粉末化するなど、溶媒抽出し易いように前処理する。極性有機溶媒としては、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、トリクロロエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類、メチルエーテル、エチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等のエーテル類、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等の低級脂肪酸エステル類、又はアセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール等の低級アルコール類、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール等のグリコール類が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、単独で用いてもよく、任意の2種又は3種以上の混合溶媒として用いてもよい。
上記溶媒の中では、得られる抽出物の保存効力の点から酢酸エチル、アセトン、低級アルコール、グリコール類が好ましく、特に低級アルコール、グリコール類が好ましい。低級アルコールの中ではエタノール、グリコール類の中ではプロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコールが特に好ましい。
【0008】
又、前記ユーカリ葉を非極性溶媒で脱脂し、精油を除去してから前記の低級アルコールやグリコール類等の極性有機溶媒で抽出しても良い。この操作は水蒸気蒸留により精油を除去した後、残渣に低級アルコール又はグリコール類を添加して抽出する方法でも行うことができる。
【0009】
抽出方法としては、一般に用いられる方法でよく、例えば極性有機溶媒中に原料ユーカリ葉を長時間浸漬する方法、極性有機溶媒の沸点以下の温度で加温、撹拌しながら抽出を行い、濾過して抽出物を得る方法などがある。
得られた抽出物はそのまま保存剤に添加してもよいが、抽出物を例えば、活性炭等の吸着剤により処理して色、臭いを除去して保存剤とする方が好ましい。
また、下記のような適切な条件で吸着を行うと、食品保存剤としての効果が向上することも確かめられた。
【0010】
以下、抽出物溶液の色、臭いを除去する方法を以下に記載する。
吸着剤を用いた処理方法としては、例えば、容器中で抽出物溶液と吸着剤を混合後、攪拌、又は静置し、一定時間放置後、濾過する方法、あるいは、吸着剤を充填したカラムに抽出物を通液する方法等が挙げられる。抽出物溶液と混合する吸着剤の割合は抽出物1重量部に対して0.01重量部以上、好ましくは0.25〜10重量部添加することが望ましい。この範囲を超えると色、臭い成分以外の保存剤有効成分も活性炭に吸着し、好ましくない。
吸着剤を添加する際の抽出物溶液における抽出物成分の濃度は0.1〜50重量%が好ましく、より好ましくは、0.5重量%〜5重量%である。
【0011】
吸着剤としては活性炭、セライト、シリカゲル、けいそう土、白土、活性白土、ゼオライト、アルミナ、カオリン、スチレン、ジビニルベンゼン、無水珪酸、酸化亜鉛、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト、チタニア、ジルコニア、スチレンージビニルベンゼン系共重合樹脂、アクリルエステル樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂等の合成樹脂・イオン交換樹脂等が挙げられる。抽出物の色、臭いを効率良く除去するためには、活性炭、セライト、シリカゲル、けいそう土を使用することが好ましく、活性炭を使用することがさらに望ましい。
【0012】
用いる活性炭の原料としては、例えば、木粉、木炭、ヤシ殻等の植物原料、泥炭、亜炭、無煙炭、石油ピッチ、コークス、コールタール等の化石原料、フェノール樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等の合成樹脂原料、ポリブチル、ポリブタジエン、ポリクロロプレン等の合成ゴム原料等が挙げられる。これらの活性炭原料は、例えば、固定床、移動床、流動床等で炭化・賦活されるが、賦活には、例えば、水蒸気、塩化水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、酸素等を用いるガス賦活、アルカリ、酸、又は塩を用いる薬品賦活等が挙げられるが、本発明においてはそのいずれによって賦活されたものであっても使用することができる。本発明に用いられる活性炭は、粉末炭、粒状炭、破砕炭等どのような形状のものでもよい。又、用いる活性炭の種類としては、1種類でも良いし、又異なるタイプの2種類以上の活性炭を混合して用いても良い。
【0013】
<2>キトサン
キトサン(ポリβ−1,4−グルコサミン)は、キチンの脱アセチル化物であり、例えばカニ、エビ等の甲殻類の殻、あるいは昆虫の外骨格に含まれているキチンを、高濃度熱アルカリ溶液中で脱アセチル化することにより得られる。また、キトサン生産菌を培養することによっても得ることができる。また、市販品を用いることもできる。
【0014】
本発明に用いるキトサンの分子量は特に制限されないが、低粘度であることが好ましく、5〜100cp程度(0.5%キトサン濃度の場合の粘度)が好ましい。また、水溶性を高めたキトサンオリゴ糖やキトサン乳酸塩、キトサン塩酸塩等のキトサン誘導体を用いることもできる。
【0015】
<3>本発明の食品保存剤
本発明の食品保存剤は、上記ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成からなる。剤型は特に制限されず、例えば、液状、ペースト状、スプレー剤、ムース剤等、適用方法に応じて多岐にわたって選択され、噴霧、浸漬、塗布等の方式によって行われる。
液状とする場合は、ユーカリ抽出物、キトサンを適当な溶媒に溶解させ、保存剤として用いることができる。溶媒としては、エタノールと水の混合液(比率は任意)に、例えば、キトサンを溶解させる為の乳酸、酢酸等の酸を添加した溶媒が用いられる。但し、高濃度のエタノールはタンパク質を変性させるので、タンパク質を多く含む食品に使用する場合は、エタノール濃度を0〜10%程度の範囲にするのが望ましい。尚、水溶性を高めたキトサンオリゴ糖や水溶性を高めたキトサン誘導体を用いる場合は、前記の酸は添加しなくてもよい。
【0016】
本発明の保存剤中におけるユーカリ抽出物及びキトサンの含有量は、その使用態様・剤型により適宜変更しうるが、合計で0.00001〜10重量%、好ましくは0.0001〜1重量%程度含有させることが例示される。
ユーカリ抽出物、キトサンは、上記濃度の範囲内において任意の比率で混合することができるが、「ユーカリ抽出物:キトサン」の純分重量比率で、1:10〜10:1の範囲にすると保存効果が高い
キトサンを溶解させる為の酸(乳酸、酢酸等)は、キトサンを溶解し得る範囲で任意の濃度で配合することができる。
【0017】
上記保存剤には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、食品等に一般的に用いられる各種成分、酸度調節剤、安定化剤、界面活性剤、抗酸化剤、殺菌剤、保存剤、消臭・脱臭剤等に用いられている成分を配合することができ、2成分以上配合しても良い。更に、保存効果をさらに増強する目的で他の保存剤と併用してもよい。
【0018】
酸度調節及び安定化剤としては、例えば、アジピン酸、クエン酸、クエン酸三ナトリウム、グリシン、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、グルコノデルタラクトン、グルコン酸、コハク酸、コハク酸一ナトリウム、コハク酸二ナトリウム、酢酸、酢酸ナトリウム、DL-酒石酸、L-酒石酸、DL-酒石酸ナトリウム、L-酒石酸ナトリウム、炭酸塩類、二酸化炭素、乳酸、乳酸ナトリウム、フマル酸、フマル酸一ナトリウム、リゾチーム、DL-リンゴ酸、DL-リンゴ酸ナトリウム、リン酸、リン酸塩類、重合リン酸塩類、イタコン酸、フィチン酸等が挙げられる。
【0019】
界面活性剤としては例えば、モノステアリン酸グリセロール、トリオレイン酸ポリグリセロール等のグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、レシチン、リゾレシチン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリオキシアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンポリアミン、アルキルポリオキシエチレン硫酸エステル塩、アルキル硫酸エステル塩、アシルメチルタウリン塩、N-アシルグルタミン酸塩、アルキルアミドベタイン等が挙げられる。
【0020】
抗酸化剤としてはカテキン、トコフェロール、プロポリス、エラグ酸、植物抽出物(セージ、セリ、ローズマリー等)、ステアリン酸エステル、ノルジヒドログアセレテン酸、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、パラヒドロキシアニソール、没食子酸プロピル、セサモール、セサモリン、ゴシポール等が挙げられる。
【0021】
殺菌剤としては、殺菌力のある成分、抽出物であれば特に制限はなく、例えば、ヒノキチオール、プロタミン、植物抽出物、植物精油等が挙げられる。
【0022】
保存剤としては、ソルビン酸、安息香酸、クエン酸、デヒドロ酢酸、フマル酸、乳酸、酢酸等の有機酸、及びその塩類、グリシン、システイン等のアミノ酸等が挙げられる。
【0023】
消臭・脱臭剤としては、消臭・脱臭力のある成分や抽出物であれば特に制限はなく、例えば、緑茶抽出物等の植物抽出物、キノコの抽出物、香料(植物精油も含む)等が挙げられる。
【0024】
ユーカリ属植物抽出物とキトサンを含む食品保存剤は、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンの相乗効果により、食肉、魚、魚の切り身、果物、野菜、おにぎり、弁当、調理パン等の食品に対して強い保存力を発揮し、ユーカリ抽出物、キトサン共に安全性が高く、安全性の高い他の成分と混合することにより、さらに、安全性の高い食品保存剤を調製することができる。
【0025】
従って、本保存剤は、例えば、食肉、魚、魚の切り身、イカ、タコ、エビ等の甲殻類、ハンバーグ、ソーセージ、ハム、ベーコン等の畜肉製品、かまぼこ、ちくわ、はんぺん等の水練り製品、刺身、寿司、野菜、果物、麺類、米飯等、おにぎり、弁当、調理パン、漬け物、佃煮、総菜、ソース、しょうゆ等の調味料、香辛料、焼き肉のたれ、すき焼きのたれ等のたれ類、めんつゆ、みそ、野菜、果物、海草類、豆腐、ガム、キャンディー、洋菓子、和菓子類、マヨネーズ、シュークリーム等の卵加工品、サンドイッチ、フライ類等の食品や飲料等に添加したり、直接保存剤として使用することができる。また、本保存剤は食品包装用のシート(紙類、包装用フィルム等)、食品の下に敷くシート(紙類、フィルム等)等に添加、塗布する薬剤としても使用することができる。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下、実施例、試験例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、これらの実施例は例示的であり、本発明の範囲は特許請求の範囲により規定される。
【0027】
<製造例1>
ユーカリ(Eucalyptus globulus)の葉を乾燥し(乾燥重量30g)、エタノール500mlで3日間室温で抽出した。抽出液を減圧濃縮し、抽出物を得た。
【0028】
<製造例2>
製造例1で得られた抽出液の抽出物濃度が2.0重量%になるようにエタノールで調製した。この抽出液50mlを容器に入れ、抽出物1重量部に対して活性炭(Sigma)を2.5重量部になるように抽出液と混合し、室温で1時間撹拌した。次に、混合液を濾紙で濾過後、濾液を減圧濃縮し、抽出物を得た。
【0029】
<実施例1、2>
製造例2のユーカリ抽出物、キトサン、及び他の成分を表1に示す割合で混合し、実施例1、2及び比較例1〜6の保存剤水溶液を作成した。ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンは重量%で表示し、乳酸とエタノールは容量%で表示する。
【0030】
【表1】
【0031】
<試験例1>イチゴの保存試験
表1の各保存剤500mlにイチゴ10個を浸漬し、室温で放置した。5分後、各試験区のイチゴを滅菌した容器に移し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、イチゴの艶の消失の程度(10個の平均値)を以下の基準により評価した。
A: 試験開始時の艶と同程度の状態
B:表面積の一部がわずかに艶を失った状態
C:表面積全体が完全に艶を失った状態
表2に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに保存効果が高かった。
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
<試験例2>ミニトマトの保存試験
表1の各保存剤500mlにミニトマト10個を浸漬し、室温で放置した。5分後、各試験区のミニトマトを滅菌した容器に移し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、ミニトマトの艶の消失の程度(10個の平均値)を試験例1と同様の基準により評価した。
表3に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに保存効果が高かった。
【0034】
【表3】
A:試験開始時の艶と同程度の状態
B:表面の一部がわずかに艶を失った状態
C:表面全体が完全に艶を失った状態
【0035】
<試験例3>レタスの保存試験
表1の各保存剤1mlをレタスの茎の切り口(1個体)に噴霧し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、レタスの切り口の褐変化の程度(10個体の平均値)を以下の基準により評価した。
A: 茎の切り口の褐変化なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:茎の切り口がわずかに褐変化した状態
C:茎の切り口が完全に褐変化した状態
表4に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに褐変化に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0036】
【表4】
【0037】
<試験例4>モモの保存試験
表1の各保存剤10mlをモモ果実全体(1個体)に均一に噴霧し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、モモの腐敗の程度(10個体の平均値)を以下の基準により評価した。
A:果皮の腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:果皮の一部がわずかに腐敗した状態
C:果皮の表面積の約50%が腐敗した状態
D:果皮の表面積全体が腐敗した状態
表5に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0038】
【表5】
【0039】
<試験例5>魚の切り身の保存試験
表1の各保存剤500mlにマグロの切り身10g(1ブロック)を10ブロック浸漬し、室温で放置した。5分後、各試験区の切り身を滅菌した容器に移し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、切り身の腐敗の程度(10ブロックの平均値)を以下の基準により評価した。尚、腐敗の程度については、腐敗臭の発生の程度、色の変化より評価した。
A: 腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:わずかに腐敗が進行した状態
C:完全に腐敗した状態
表6に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0040】
【表6】
【0041】
<試験例6>魚の保存試験
表1の各保存剤3Lに魚(アジ)を10匹浸漬し、室温で放置した。5分後、各試験区の魚を滅菌した容器に移し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、魚の腐敗の程度(10匹の平均値)を試験例5と同様の基準により評価した。
表7に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0042】
【表7】
A:腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:わずかに腐敗した状態
C:完全に腐敗した状態
【0043】
<試験例7>鶏肉の保存試験
表1の各保存剤2Lに鶏肉30g(1ブロック)を浸漬し、室温で放置した。5分後、各試験区の鶏肉を滅菌した容器に移し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、腐敗の程度(10ブロックの平均値)を試験例5と同様の基準により評価した。
表8に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0044】
【表8】
A:腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:わずかに腐敗した状態
C:完全に腐敗した状態
【0045】
<試験例8>おにぎりの保存試験
表1の各保存剤2mlをご飯100gに噴霧し、おにぎりを作成した。4℃で保存した。一定時間後、腐敗の程度(10個の平均値)を評価した。尚、腐敗の程度については腐敗臭の発生の程度を基準に評価した。
表9に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0046】
【表9】
A:腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:わずかに腐敗した状態
C:完全に腐敗した状態
【0047】
<試験例9>弁当の保存試験
表1の各保存剤3mlを弁当(25x18cm:ご飯、総菜入り)に均一に噴霧し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、腐敗の程度(10個の平均値)を評価した。尚、腐敗の程度については腐敗臭の発生の程度を評価した。
表10に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0048】
【表10】
A:腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:わずかに腐敗した状態
C:完全に腐敗した状態
【0049】
<試験例10>調理パンの保存試験
表1の各保存剤2mlを調理パンの内容物(ハム、野菜、たまご入り)に均一に噴霧し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、腐敗の程度(10個の平均値)を評価した。尚、腐敗の程度については腐敗臭の発生の程度を評価した。
表11に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例1,2)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例1,2)、キトサン単独(比較例3,4)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0050】
【表11】
A:腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B:わずかに腐敗した状態
C:完全に腐敗した状態
【0051】
<実施例3、4>
製造例1のユーカリ抽出物、キトサン、及び他の成分を表12に示す割合で混合し、実施例3、4及び比較例7〜12の保存剤水溶液を作成した。ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンは重量%で示し、乳酸とエタノールは容量%で示す。
【0052】
【表12】
【0053】
<試験例11>魚の切り身の保存試験
表12の各保存剤500mlにマグロの切り身10g(1ブロック)を10ブロック浸漬し、室温で放置した。5分後、各試験区の切り身を滅菌した容器に移し、4℃で保存した。一定時間後、切り身の腐敗の程度(10ブロックの平均値)を以下の基準により評価した。尚、腐敗の程度については、腐敗臭の発生の程度、色の変化より評価した。
A: 腐敗なし(試験開始時と同程度の状態)
B: わずかに腐敗が進行した状態
C: 完全に腐敗した状態
表13に結果を示すが、ユーカリ抽出物とキトサンを含む組成(実施例3,4)では、ユーカリ抽出物単独(比較例7,8)、キトサン単独(比較例9,10)に比べて、はるかに腐敗に要するまでの時間が遅延された。
【0054】
【表13】
【0055】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、安全性が高く、食肉、魚、魚の切り身、果物、野菜、おにぎり、弁当、調理パン等に対して保存効果の高い食品保存剤が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a food preservative, specifically, meat, fish fillets, fish, fruits, vegetables, rice balls, lunch boxes, cooking bread and other foods that have a high storage effect (including a freshness retention effect and a browning prevention effect), And a highly safe food preservative.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, organic acids such as sorbic acid and benzoic acid and salts thereof are generally used as food preservatives. Amino acids, protamine, polylysine and the like have also been proposed as food preservatives. However, when these preservatives and foods rich in protein are mixed, there is a problem that the efficacy decreases. In order to obtain a sufficient effect, it is necessary to use a preservative at a high concentration, and as a result, problems such as impairing the flavor of the food arise.
Examples of combined effects of two or more ingredients relating to food preservatives include eucalyptus extract and organic acid / preservative (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-102421), ferulic acid and chitosan (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-168449), propionic acid And chitosan (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-137463) have been reported.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there are few things that are safe and have sustained effects, and even if the effects are high, many synthetic chemical substances cannot be said to have no influence on the human body. Then, this invention makes it a subject to propose the food preservative which uses a natural product as a raw material, and is safe and high in a sustained effect.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention adopts the following configuration in order to solve the above problems. That is, the present invention is “a food preservative containing a polar solvent extract of Eucalyptus plant leaves and chitosan”. In the said invention, it is preferable to contain 0.0001-10 weight% of polar solvent extracts and chitosan of Eucalyptus plant leaves in a total amount.
In the present invention, the polar solvent extract is preferably extracted with one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of lower alcohols and glycols.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
<1> Polar Organic Solvent Extract of Eucalyptus Plant Polar organic solvent extract of Eucalyptus plant used in the food preservative of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “eucalyptus extract”) An extract obtained by extraction with a solvent.
[0006]
The leaves can be used as long as they belong to plants belonging to the genus Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus botryoides , Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Eucalyptus Culebra (Eucalyptus crebra), Eucalyptus Makurata (Eucalyptus maculata), can be used leaves Eucalyptus Biminarisu (Eucalyptus viminalis) such as plants. These eucalyptus leaves may use leaves derived from a single plant, or may be used in combination of leaves derived from two or more kinds of plants.
[0007]
Eucalyptus plant leaves as described above are extracted with a polar organic solvent. Prior to extraction, the leaves are pretreated to facilitate solvent extraction, such as by crushing the leaves to an appropriate size or by pulverizing them. Examples of polar organic solvents include halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane, ethers such as methyl ether, ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, lower fatty acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, Alternatively, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, and glycols such as propylene glycol and butylene glycol can be used. These solvents may be used alone or as a mixed solvent of any two or more kinds.
Among the above solvents, ethyl acetate, acetone, lower alcohols, and glycols are preferable from the viewpoint of the storage efficacy of the obtained extract, and particularly lower alcohols and glycols are preferable. Among the lower alcohols, ethanol is preferable, and among the glycols, propylene glycol and butylene glycol are particularly preferable.
[0008]
Alternatively, the eucalyptus leaves may be degreased with a nonpolar solvent to remove the essential oil, and then extracted with a polar organic solvent such as the lower alcohol or glycol. This operation can also be performed by removing the essential oil by steam distillation and then extracting the residue by adding a lower alcohol or glycols.
[0009]
The extraction method may be a commonly used method, for example, a method of immersing raw eucalyptus leaves in a polar organic solvent for a long time, heating at a temperature below the boiling point of the polar organic solvent, extracting with stirring, and filtering. There is a method of obtaining an extract.
The obtained extract may be added to the preservative as it is, but it is preferable to treat the extract with an adsorbent such as activated carbon to remove the color and odor to make the preservative.
It was also confirmed that the effect as a food preservative was improved when adsorption was performed under the following appropriate conditions.
[0010]
Hereinafter, a method for removing the color and odor of the extract solution will be described.
As a treatment method using an adsorbent, for example, an extract solution and an adsorbent are mixed in a container and then stirred or left to stand for a certain period of time and then filtered, or a column filled with an adsorbent is used. Examples include a method of passing the extract. The ratio of the adsorbent mixed with the extract solution is 0.01 parts by weight or more, preferably 0.25 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the extract. Exceeding this range is not preferable because the preservative active ingredients other than the color and odor components are also adsorbed on the activated carbon.
The concentration of the extract component in the extract solution when the adsorbent is added is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight.
[0011]
Adsorbents include activated carbon, celite, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, white clay, activated clay, zeolite, alumina, kaolin, styrene, divinylbenzene, silicic anhydride, zinc oxide, montmorillonite, bentonite, titania, zirconia, and styrene-divinylbenzene. Examples thereof include synthetic resins such as polymerization resins, acrylic ester resins, and polystyrene resins, and ion exchange resins. In order to efficiently remove the color and odor of the extract, it is preferable to use activated carbon, celite, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and more preferably activated carbon.
[0012]
Examples of the activated carbon material used include plant materials such as wood powder, charcoal, and coconut shells, fossil materials such as peat, lignite, anthracite, petroleum pitch, coke, coal tar, phenol resin, vinyl acetate resin, and polyester resin. Synthetic resin raw materials, synthetic rubber raw materials such as polybutyl, polybutadiene, and polychloroprene are listed. These activated carbon raw materials are carbonized and activated in, for example, a fixed bed, moving bed, fluidized bed, etc., for activation, for example, gas activation using steam, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. Examples include chemical activation using an alkali, an acid, or a salt. In the present invention, any chemical activation can be used. The activated carbon used in the present invention may have any shape such as powdered charcoal, granular charcoal, and crushed charcoal. Moreover, as a kind of activated carbon to be used, one kind may be sufficient and 2 or more types of different types of activated carbon may be mixed and used.
[0013]
<2> Chitosan chitosan (poly β-1,4-glucosamine) is a deacetylated product of chitin. For example, chitosan contained in the shells of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimps, or the exoskeleton of insects is high. It is obtained by deacetylation in a concentrated hot alkaline solution. It can also be obtained by culturing chitosan-producing bacteria. Commercial products can also be used.
[0014]
The molecular weight of chitosan used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably has a low viscosity, and is preferably about 5 to 100 cp (viscosity at a 0.5% chitosan concentration). In addition, chitosan oligosaccharides having improved water solubility, chitosan derivatives such as chitosan lactate and chitosan hydrochloride can also be used.
[0015]
<3> Food Preservative of the Present Invention The food preservative of the present invention comprises a composition containing the eucalyptus extract and chitosan. The dosage form is not particularly limited, and can be selected from a variety of methods such as liquid, paste, spray, mousse, etc., depending on the application method, and can be performed by spraying, dipping, coating, or the like.
In the case of liquid, eucalyptus extract and chitosan can be dissolved in an appropriate solvent and used as a preservative. As the solvent, for example, a solvent in which an acid such as lactic acid or acetic acid for dissolving chitosan is added to a mixed solution of ethanol and water (ratio is arbitrary). However, since a high concentration of ethanol denatures the protein, it is desirable that the ethanol concentration be in the range of about 0 to 10% when used in foods rich in protein. In addition, when using the chitosan oligosaccharide which improved water solubility, or the chitosan derivative improved water solubility, it is not necessary to add the said acid.
[0016]
The content of the eucalyptus extract and chitosan in the preservative of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the use mode and dosage form, but the total is 0.00001 to 10% by weight, preferably about 0.0001 to 1% by weight. The inclusion is exemplified.
The eucalyptus extract and chitosan can be mixed at any ratio within the above-mentioned concentration range, but the pure weight ratio of “eucalyptus extract: chitosan” is preserved at a range of 1:10 to 10: 1. An acid (lactic acid, acetic acid, etc.) for dissolving chitosan having a high effect can be blended at an arbitrary concentration within a range where chitosan can be dissolved.
[0017]
The preservative includes various components generally used in foods, acidity regulators, stabilizers, surfactants, antioxidants, bactericides, preservatives, preservatives, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Ingredients used in odor / deodorant can be blended, and two or more ingredients may be blended. Furthermore, it may be used in combination with other preservatives for the purpose of further enhancing the storage effect.
[0018]
Acidity adjusting and stabilizing agents include, for example, adipic acid, citric acid, trisodium citrate, glycine, glycerin fatty acid ester, glucono delta lactone, gluconic acid, succinic acid, monosodium succinate, disodium succinate, acetic acid , Sodium acetate, DL-tartaric acid, L-tartaric acid, DL-sodium tartrate, L-sodium tartrate, Carbonates, Carbon dioxide, Lactic acid, Sodium lactate, Fumaric acid, Monosodium fumarate, Lysozyme, DL-malic acid, DL- Examples include sodium malate, phosphoric acid, phosphates, polymerized phosphates, itaconic acid, and phytic acid.
[0019]
Surfactants include, for example, glycerol fatty acid esters such as glycerol monostearate and polyglycerol trioleate, organic acid monoglycerides, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, lecithin, lysolecithin, polyethylene glycol, polyoxy Examples include alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyamine, alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate ester salt, alkyl sulfate ester salt, acylmethyl taurate salt, N-acyl glutamate salt, and alkylamide betaine.
[0020]
Antioxidants include catechin, tocopherol, propolis, ellagic acid, plant extracts (sage, seri, rosemary, etc.), stearic acid ester, nordihydrogua cetelenic acid, dibutylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, parahydroxyanisole, Examples include propyl gallate, sesamol, sesamorin, gossypol.
[0021]
The bactericidal agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a bactericidal component or extract, and examples thereof include hinokitiol, protamine, plant extract, plant essential oil and the like.
[0022]
Examples of preservatives include organic acids such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid, salts thereof, and amino acids such as glycine and cysteine.
[0023]
The deodorant / deodorant is not particularly limited as long as it has a deodorant / deodorant component or extract. For example, plant extracts such as green tea extract, mushroom extract, and fragrance (including plant essential oil) Etc.
[0024]
Food preservatives containing Eucalyptus plant extracts and chitosan have a strong preservative power for foods such as meat, fish, fish fillets, fruits, vegetables, rice balls, lunch boxes, and cooking breads due to the synergistic effect of eucalyptus extract and chitosan. The eucalyptus extract and chitosan are highly safe and can be mixed with other highly safe ingredients to further prepare a safe food preservative.
[0025]
Therefore, this preservative is, for example, meat products such as meat, fish, fish fillets, squid, octopus, shrimp and other shellfish, hamburger, sausage, ham, bacon and other meat products, kamaboko, chikuwa, water paste products such as bread, sashimi, Sushi, vegetables, fruits, noodles, cooked rice, rice balls, bento, cooked bread, pickles, boiled dishes, side dishes, sauces, soy sauce and other seasonings, spices, grilled meat sauce, sukiyaki sauce, noodle soup, miso, Can be added to vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, tofu, gum, candy, Western confectionery, Japanese confectionery, processed egg products such as mayonnaise, cream puffs, foods and beverages such as sandwiches and fries, or used as a preservative. . Further, the preservative can also be used as a drug to be added and applied to food packaging sheets (papers, packaging films, etc.), sheets (papers, films, etc.) laid under foods, and the like.
[0026]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a test example demonstrate this invention concretely, these Examples are illustrations and the scope of the present invention is prescribed | regulated by a claim.
[0027]
<Production Example 1>
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaves were dried (dry weight 30 g) and extracted with 500 ml of ethanol for 3 days at room temperature. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an extract.
[0028]
<Production Example 2>
The extract obtained in Production Example 1 was prepared with ethanol so that the extract concentration was 2.0% by weight. 50 ml of this extract was placed in a container, and activated carbon (Sigma) was mixed with the extract so as to be 2.5 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the extract, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Next, the mixture was filtered through filter paper, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an extract.
[0029]
<Examples 1 and 2>
The eucalyptus extract of manufacture example 2, chitosan, and another component were mixed in the ratio shown in Table 1, and the preservative aqueous solution of Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 1-6 was created. Eucalyptus extract and chitosan are expressed in% by weight, and lactic acid and ethanol are expressed in% by volume.
[0030]
[Table 1]
[0031]
<Test Example 1> Preservation test of strawberry Ten strawberries were immersed in 500 ml of each preservative shown in Table 1 and allowed to stand at room temperature. After 5 minutes, the strawberry of each test section was transferred to a sterilized container and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of loss of gloss of strawberry (average value of 10 pieces) was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: State similar to gloss at the start of the test B: Part of the surface area slightly lost gloss C: State of the entire surface area completely lost gloss Table 2 shows the results. In the composition containing chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), the preservation effect was much higher than that of the eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4).
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
<Test Example 2> Preservation test of cherry tomatoes Ten cherry tomatoes were immersed in 500 ml of each preservative shown in Table 1 and allowed to stand at room temperature. After 5 minutes, the cherry tomatoes in each test group were transferred to a sterilized container and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of loss of gloss of cherry tomatoes (10 average values) was evaluated according to the same criteria as in Test Example 1.
Although the results are shown in Table 3, in the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), compared to eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), The preservation effect was much higher.
[0034]
[Table 3]
A: State similar to the gloss at the start of the test B: A part of the surface slightly loses gloss C: The whole surface completely loses gloss [0035]
<Test Example 3> Lettuce Storage Test 1 ml of each preservative in Table 1 was sprayed on the cut end (one individual) of lettuce stems and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of browning of the lettuce cut (average value of 10 individuals) was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: There is no browning of the cut end of the stem (the same level as at the start of the test)
B: Stem cut slightly browned C: Stem cut completely browned Table 4 shows the results. In the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), eucalyptus Compared to the extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), the time required for the browning was much delayed.
[0036]
[Table 4]
[0037]
<Test Example 4> Preservation test of peach 10 ml of each preservative in Table 1 was sprayed uniformly on the whole peach fruit (one individual) and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of rot of peach (average value of 10 individuals) was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: No decay of the skin (same level as at the start of the test)
B: Part of pericarp is slightly spoiled C: About 50% of pericarp surface area is spoiled D: Whole pericarp surface area is spoiled Table 5 shows the results but contains eucalyptus extract and chitosan In the composition (Examples 1 and 2), the time required for the decay was far delayed compared to the eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4).
[0038]
[Table 5]
[0039]
<Test Example 5> Fish fillet preservation test 10 blocks (10 blocks) of tuna fillet were immersed in 500 ml of each preservative shown in Table 1 and allowed to stand at room temperature. After 5 minutes, the slices of each test section were transferred to a sterilized container and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of fillet decay (average value of 10 blocks) was evaluated according to the following criteria. In addition, about the degree of decay, it evaluated from the extent of generation | occurrence | production of the decaying odor, and a color change.
A: No corruption (same condition as the start of the test)
B: Slightly decayed state C: Completely decayed state Table 6 shows the results. In the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Example 1, 2) Compared with chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), the time required for rotting was much delayed.
[0040]
[Table 6]
[0041]
<Test Example 6> Fish preservation test Ten fish (Aji) were immersed in 3 L of each preservative in Table 1 and allowed to stand at room temperature. After 5 minutes, the fish in each test area was transferred to a sterilized container and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of fish decay (average value of 10 fish) was evaluated according to the same criteria as in Test Example 5.
Although the results are shown in Table 7, in the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), compared to eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), Much more time was required to rot.
[0042]
[Table 7]
A: No corruption (same condition as the start of the test)
B: Slightly decayed state C: Completely corrupt state
<Test Example 7> Preservation test of chicken 30 g (1 block) of chicken was immersed in 2 L of each preservative in Table 1 and allowed to stand at room temperature. After 5 minutes, the chicken in each test section was transferred to a sterilized container and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of decay (average value of 10 blocks) was evaluated according to the same criteria as in Test Example 5.
Although the results are shown in Table 8, in the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), compared to eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), Much more time was required to rot.
[0044]
[Table 8]
A: No corruption (same condition as the start of the test)
B: Slightly corrupt state C: Completely corrupt state
<Test Example 8> Onigiri Preservation Test 2 ml of each preservative in Table 1 was sprayed on 100 g of rice to prepare rice balls. Stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of decay (average value of 10 pieces) was evaluated. Incidentally, the degree of decay was evaluated based on the degree of occurrence of decaying odor.
Although the results are shown in Table 9, in the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), compared to eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), Much more time was required to rot.
[0046]
[Table 9]
A: No corruption (same condition as the start of the test)
B: Slightly corrupted C: Completely corrupted
<Test Example 9> Bento Preservation Test 3 ml of each preservative in Table 1 was uniformly sprayed on a lunch box (25 x 18 cm: with rice and prepared vegetables) and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of decay (average value of 10 pieces) was evaluated. In addition, about the degree of decay, the degree of generation of the decaying odor was evaluated.
Although the results are shown in Table 10, in the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), compared to eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), Much more time was required to rot.
[0048]
[Table 10]
A: No corruption (same condition as the start of the test)
B: Slightly corrupted C: Completely corrupted
<Test Example 10> Cooking pan preservation test 2 ml of each preservative in Table 1 was sprayed uniformly on the contents of the cooking pan (ham, vegetables, eggs) and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of decay (average value of 10 pieces) was evaluated. In addition, about the degree of decay, the degree of generation of the decaying odor was evaluated.
Although the results are shown in Table 11, in the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 1 and 2), compared to eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) and chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 3 and 4), Much more time was required to rot.
[0050]
[Table 11]
A: No corruption (same condition as the start of the test)
B: Slightly corrupt state C: Completely corrupt state
<Examples 3 and 4>
The eucalyptus extract of manufacture example 1, chitosan, and another component were mixed in the ratio shown in Table 12, and the preservative aqueous solution of Examples 3, 4 and Comparative Examples 7-12 was created. Eucalyptus extract and chitosan are shown by weight%, and lactic acid and ethanol are shown by volume%.
[0052]
[Table 12]
[0053]
<Test Example 11> Fish fillet preservation test 10 blocks (10 blocks) of tuna fillet were immersed in 500 ml of each preservative in Table 12 and allowed to stand at room temperature. After 5 minutes, the slices of each test section were transferred to a sterilized container and stored at 4 ° C. After a certain time, the degree of fillet decay (average value of 10 blocks) was evaluated according to the following criteria. In addition, about the degree of decay, it evaluated from the extent of generation | occurrence | production of the decaying odor, and a color change.
A: No corruption (same condition as the start of the test)
B: Slightly decayed state C: Completely decayed state Table 13 shows the results. In the composition containing eucalyptus extract and chitosan (Examples 3 and 4), eucalyptus extract alone (Comparative Example 7, 8) Compared with chitosan alone (Comparative Examples 9 and 10), the time required for rotting was much delayed.
[0054]
[Table 13]
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides a food preservative that is highly safe and has a high preservative effect on meat, fish, fish fillets, fruits, vegetables, rice balls, lunch boxes, cooking breads, and the like.
Claims (3)
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JP5717996B2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2015-05-13 | オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社 | Lifetime improver for food |
KR101278762B1 (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2013-06-25 | 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) | A Composition For Browning Inhibition of Fruits and Vegetables And Method For Browning Inhibition Using The Same |
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