JP4063641B2 - Electric tool - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electric tool such as an electric driver that can switch the rotation speed of an output shaft to three stages using a planetary gear reduction mechanism.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in an electric driver, a planetary gear speed reduction mechanism comprising a plurality of planetary gears that revolve the torque of a motor housed in a housing in an internal gear and a plurality of carriers that support the planetary gears in the axial direction. It is possible to decelerate and transmit to the spindle at the front end of the housing.
As such an electric driver, one having a speed change mechanism capable of switching the rotation speed of the spindle to three stages is known. Specifically, as shown in Patent Document 1, two internal gears in the planetary gear reduction mechanism are provided so as to be movable back and forth in the axial direction, and the position of each internal gear is switched from the outside of the housing by an operating member. Thus, the rotation speed of the spindle can be selected from three types by combining the integral rotation of the planetary gear and the carrier and the separate rotation.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
US Pat. No. 6,431,289 (FIGS. 23-25)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the speed change mechanism such as the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the movement of the internal gear is performed by inserting a wire externally fitted to each internal gear into the cam groove of the switching cam provided outside the sleeve accommodating the planetary gear reduction mechanism. Each of the switching cams is locked, and the switching cam is moved in the axial direction by a switch member on the outer side. Therefore, the number of parts increases, the structure becomes complicated, and the trouble of assembling becomes troublesome.
Further, in the electric driver, one planetary gear reduction mechanism is provided so as to be rotatable, and the rotation is restricted by a predetermined elastic means. When a load exceeding the urging force by the elastic means is applied to the spindle, A clutch mechanism is provided that idles the internal gear to cut off torque transmission to the spindle. However, in the above transmission mechanism, the internal gear constituting the clutch mechanism is provided in the first stage, and the internal gear constituting the transmission mechanism is provided on the lower stage side thereof, so that the clutch operating torque is kept constant. Even so, the clutch operating torque changes due to the difference in gear ratio depending on the selection of the shift, and the usability deteriorates.
[0005]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electric tool capable of realizing a three-stage transmission mechanism with a simple structure without impairing usability.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with another internal gear positioned upstream of one internal gear so as to be rotatable and slidable in the axial direction. At the sliding position, the planetary gear on the inner circumference side and the preceding carrier or output shaft are simultaneously meshed so that they can be connected to each other, and at the other sliding position, they are separated from the preceding carrier or output shaft and engaged with the housing. On the other hand, another internal gear positioned upstream of one internal gear is a set of internal gears that are arranged in parallel in the axial direction and can rotate independently, and each internal gear the front and rear planetary gears respectively revolve in, by axially supported rotatably coaxially with each alone one carrier, before and after the planetary gear, the preceding stage of the output shaft or carrier and engageable simultaneously A power tool, which can hold a ball in a set of internal gears and slide in the front-rear direction, and the ball is placed on the outer periphery of one of the set of internal gears by selecting the slide position. The first switching ring that can be engaged and restricted in rotation has a pin that is inserted into the ring groove recessed in the outer periphery of the other one of the internal gears. A second switching ring that integrally moves in the direction is respectively packaged, and a first protrusion protruding from the first switching ring and a second protrusion protruding from the second switching ring are inserted into the housing, respectively. A pair of left and right slide grooves that house coil springs in front and rear of each projection are provided in the front-rear direction, and each projection can pass through each of the slide grooves, and the narrow portions that contact the front and rear ends of the coil spring are positioned in the front-rear direction Shift shape One of a set of internal gears is provided by sliding the first and second switching rings in the front-rear direction by sliding the switching plate from the outside of the housing. The rotation speed of the spindle and the slide position of the other internal gear are selected so that the rotation speed of the spindle can be switched to three stages.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of an electric driver which is an example of an electric tool. The electric driver 1 includes a cylindrical first gear case 4 in front of a motor 3 accommodated in a housing 2 (right side in FIG. 1). A second gear case 5 that pivotally supports the spindle 6 is provided, and a planetary gear reduction mechanism 7 is provided in both gear cases. The planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 7 includes three carriers from the first carrier 8 to the third carrier 10 that support a plurality of planetary gears, which are arranged in three stages in the axial direction, and the planetary gears of the first carrier 8 are motorized. The third carrier 10 is integrally connected to the spindle 6 so that the torque of the output shaft 3a can be reduced and transmitted to the spindle 6 by engaging with the pinion 11 fitted to the output shaft 3a.
[0008]
However, the pinion 11 here is formed in a two-stage diameter having a large rear diameter, and the planetary gear meshing with the pinion 11 can also be rotated independently by a small gear 12 and a large gear 13 having different diameters. Coaxially supported by the first carrier 8, the small gear 12 is meshed with the large diameter side of the pinion 11, and the large gear 13 is meshed with the small diameter side, respectively. Further, the first-stage internal gear in which the planetary gear revolves is also a pair of a first internal gear 14 in which the small gear 12 revolves and a second internal gear 15 in which the large gear 13 revolves. Are installed side by side. Both internal gears 14 and 15 are provided with a washer 17 fixed to the front surface of the cap 16 that supports the output shaft 3 a and closes the rear of the first gear case 4, and the front side of the large gear 13 on the front side. The movement in the axial direction is restricted between the washer 18 and the washer 18 fixed to each other, and each can rotate independently. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a plurality of teeth 19, 19... Are provided on the outer periphery of the first and second internal gears 14 and 15 at equal intervals.
[0009]
Reference numeral 20 denotes a first switching ring having a diameter larger than that of the first and second internal gears 14 and 15 including the teeth 19, and as shown in FIG. 3, three guide pieces 21 extending forward and the first The rotation is restricted by fitting with the first recess 22 a formed on the inner surface of the gear case 4, and the first gear case 4 is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction between the convex portion 4 a on the inner surface of the first gear case 4 and the cap 16. Further, three balls 23, 23,... Are fitted on the first switching ring 20 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and as the first switching ring 20 slides, each ball 23 is moved to the first internal gear. 14 or the second internal gear 15 can be meshed between the teeth 19 on the outer periphery. That is, the rotation of one of the first and second internal gears 14 and 15 can be restricted by selecting the slide position of the first switching ring 20.
[0010]
A second switching ring 24 is externally attached to the third internal gear 26 in front of the first switching ring 20. The second switching ring 24 is provided in front of the washer 18 so as to be movable back and forth, and as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a protrusion 24 a formed on the outer peripheral side and a second recess in the inner surface of the first gear case 4. The rotation is restricted by the fitting with 22b. With the third internal gear 26, the tips of three pins 27, 27,... Provided at equal intervals in the radial direction are inserted into ring grooves 28 formed on the outer periphery of the third internal gear 26. The movement in the axial direction is integrated while allowing the third internal gear 26 to rotate. However, a plurality of teeth 29, 29,... Are provided at equal intervals on the outer periphery of the third internal gear 26 and in front of the ring groove 28, and are formed on the inner surface of the first gear case 4 at the forward position. The third internal gear 26 is restricted from rotating by engaging with the engaging teeth 30, 30..., And only the planetary gears 25, 25. On the other hand, in the retracted position, together with the planetary gear 25, the teeth 31, 31,... Formed on the outer periphery of the first carrier 8 on the inner peripheral side are meshed with each other so that the first carrier 8 and the planetary gear 25 are rotated together. It has become.
[0011]
On the other hand, a switching plate 32 is disposed between the housing 2 and the first gear case 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the switching plate 32 is slidably provided back and forth in a concave groove 33 formed on the inner surface of the housing 2, and a pair of left and right slide grooves 34, 34 are provided in the front-rear direction on the lower surface side. Forming. In each slide groove 34, a first protrusion 35 projecting from the upper surface of the rear end of the first switching ring 20, and a rear end upper surface of the ridge 24 a extending rearward above the second switching ring 24 are projected. The provided second protrusions 36 are inserted through the slits 44 formed in the first gear case 4 in the front-rear direction. In each slide groove 34, coil springs 37, 37 are accommodated before and after the projections 35, 36, and only the projections 35, 36 can pass, and the front and rear ends of the front and rear coil springs 37, 37 are in contact with each other. A narrow portion 38 is formed in contact therewith. The narrow portions 38, 38 are formed so that their positions are shifted in the front-rear direction.
[0012]
In addition, click pieces 40 that are elastic in the left and right directions are formed on the left and right ends of the switching plate 32 by the front and rear cuts 39, respectively, and a protrusion 41 that protrudes in the center is formed in the groove 33 of the housing 2. The left and right sides of the positioning piece 42 projecting opposite to the click pieces 40 and 40 can be locked or fitted at any one of the three positions of the central recess 43.
That is, here, the retraction position where the click piece 40 is locked behind the positioning piece 42 (FIG. 4), the neutral position where the click piece 40 is fitted in the concave portion 43 of the positioning piece 42 (FIG. 5), and the front of the positioning piece 42 are engaged. The forward position to be stopped (FIG. 6) can be selected.
[0013]
Here, the interlocking relationship between each slide position of the switching plate 32 and the associated first protrusion 35 (first switching ring 20) and second protrusion 36 (second switching ring 24) will be specifically described. Since the operation projection 45 is formed at the center of the upper surface of the switching plate 32 and protrudes to the outside of the housing 2, the switching plate 32 can be slid from the outside of the housing 2 using the operation projection 45. .
[0014]
First, when the switching plate 32 is in the retracted position of FIG. 4, the first protrusion 35 held by the coil spring 37 contacts the cap 16 and stops at the rear end of the slit 44. This is the position of the narrow portion 38 in the slide groove 34. On the other hand, the second protrusion 36 moves to the front of the narrow portion 38 in the slide groove 34 and is biased by the front coil spring 37, and the rear coil spring 37 is regulated behind the narrow portion 38 to be second protrusion. Since it does not contact 36, it retracts in the same manner as the first protrusion 35, contacts the cap 16, and stops at the rear end of the slit 44.
By the movement of both the protrusions 35 and 36, the first and second switching rings 20 and 24 are positioned at the retracted positions. Therefore, the ball 23 of the first switching ring 20 meshes with the outer periphery of the rear first internal gear 14 to restrict the rotation of only the first internal gear 14. The third internal gear 26 is also in the retracted position, and meshes with the first carrier 8 and the planetary gear 25 to integrate them (third speed).
[0015]
Next, when the switching plate 32 is in the neutral position in FIG. 5, the first protrusion 35 moves forward by being sandwiched between the front and rear coil springs 37, 37. Accordingly, the first switching ring 20 also moves forward so that the ball 23 meshes only with the outer periphery of the second internal gear 15. On the other hand, the second protrusion 36 is not biased from the rear coil spring 37 and is biased rearward only by the front coil spring 37, so that the second projection 36 is narrow in the slide groove 34 even when the switching plate 32 slides. The position is not changed from that in FIG. Therefore, the integration of the first carrier 8 and the planetary gear 25 remains unchanged (second speed).
[0016]
When the switching plate 32 is in the forward movement position of FIG. 6, the first protrusion 35 moves to the rear of the narrow portion 38 and is urged by the coil spring 37 on the rear side. Since the forward movement is restricted by coming into contact with the convex portion 4 a of the first gear case 4, the position does not change from FIG. 5, and the meshing with the second internal gear 15 remains as it is. On the other hand, the second protrusion 36 moves forward by sandwiching the front and rear coil springs 37, 37. Accordingly, the third internal gear 26 moves forward together with the second switching ring 24 to engage the outer peripheral teeth 29 with the engaging teeth 30 of the first gear case 4 and away from the first carrier 8 to the inner peripheral side. Meshes only with the planetary gear 25 (first speed).
[0017]
Next, the clutch mechanism will be described.
The fourth internal gear 46 located at the third stage is rotatably provided in the second gear case 5, and pins 47, 47 penetrating the second gear case 5 are provided on the front surface of the fourth internal gear 46. It is in contact. Since the pin 47 is biased backward by a coil spring 49 as an elastic means interposed between the pin 47 and a spring holder 48 screwed into the second gear case 5, the fourth internal gear 46 has a coil spring. The rotation is restricted by the engagement with the pin 47 biased by 49. That is, when the load on the spindle 6 increases at the end of screw tightening and the clutch operating torque set by the bias of the coil spring 49 is exceeded, the fourth internal gear 46 gets over the pin 47 on its front surface. It idles and shuts off torque transmission to the spindle 6.
The second gear case 5 is externally provided with a change ring 50 for screw-feeding the spring holder 48 in the axial direction by rotation. The clutch operating torque can be adjusted by changing the biasing force of the coil spring 49 by screw feed of the spring holder 48 accompanying the rotation of the change ring 50.
[0018]
In the electric driver 1 configured as described above, when the switching plate 32 is slid to the third speed position in FIG. 4 using the operation protrusion 45, as described above, the first switching ring 20 and the second switching ring 24 are used. Both move to the retreat position to restrict the rotation of the first internal gear 14 and integrate the first carrier 8 and the planetary gear 25. Therefore, when the motor 3 is driven in this state, the rotation of the output shaft 3a is transmitted from the pinion 11 to the small gear 12 and revolves the small gear 12 in the first internal gear 14, so that the first carrier 8 revolves. Rotate in sync with. Since the first carrier 8 and the planetary gear 25 are integrally connected by the third internal gear 26, the planetary gear 25 and the second carrier 9 rotate together with the first carrier 8, and the planetary gear 25 of the next stage is rotated. The third carrier 10 is rotated via the spindle, and the spindle 6 integrated with the third carrier 19 is rotated.
[0019]
Next, when the switching plate 32 is slid to the second speed position of FIG. 5, as described above, only the first switching ring 20 moves to the front position, and this time, the rotation of the second internal gear 15 is restricted. . Therefore, when the motor 3 is driven, the rotation of the output shaft 3a is transmitted from the pinion 11 to the large gear 13, and the large gear 13 is revolved in the second internal 15 to rotate the first carrier 8 in synchronization. Torque transmission after the first carrier 8 is the same as that at the 3rd speed position, but here, the small diameter portion of the pinion 11 revolves the large gear 13 so that the rotational speed becomes slower than the 3rd speed.
[0020]
Then, when the switching plate 32 is slid to the first speed position in FIG. 6, as described above, only the second switching ring 24 moves to the front position and the third internal gear 26 is advanced, Is engaged with the engaging teeth 30 of the first gear case 4. Therefore, when the motor 3 is driven, the rotation of the output shaft 3 a is transmitted from the pinion 11 to the large gear 13 and revolves the large gear 13 in the second internal 15 to rotate the first carrier 8. Since the integration of the first carrier 8 and the planetary gear 25 is released, the planetary gear 25 revolves within the third internal gear 26 as the first carrier 8 rotates to synchronize the second carrier 9. Rotate. Torque transmission after the second carrier 9 is the same as that at the second speed position, but here, the rotation of the first carrier 8 is decelerated by the planetary gear 25 and transmitted to the third carrier 9, so the rotational speed is slower than the second speed. Become.
[0021]
Thus, according to the electric driver of the said form, the structure which controls the rotation of the 1st, 2nd internals 14 and 15 juxtaposed by the 3rd speed change mechanism with the 1st switching ring 20 is employ | adopted. Since the internal gear slide is limited to the third internal gear 26, the rotation control of the first and second internal gears 14 and 15 can be easily performed, and the overall structure has a small number of parts. Costs and labor for assembly are reduced, and reliable switching can be expected. In particular, since the speed change mechanism is arranged in front of the clutch mechanism, the set clutch operating torque does not fluctuate due to switching of the speed change mechanism, and the usability is improved.
[0022]
In the above embodiment, the third internal gear 26 and the second switching ring that slide together with the pair of the first and second internal gears 14 and 15 and the first switching ring 20 arranged side by side in the first stage. 24 is arranged in the second stage. Conversely, the third internal gear 26 side is arranged in the first stage, and the first and second internal gears 14 and 15 side are arranged in the second stage. May be. In this case, the output side of the first carrier 8 has a two-stage diameter corresponding to the small gear and the large gear.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the invention, the three-speed transmission mechanism adopts a structure that restricts the rotation of a set of internals arranged in parallel by the first switching ring and the switching plate , and Since only one other internal gear is used for the slide, the rotation of one set of internal gears can be easily controlled, and the overall structure is small in number of parts, reducing manufacturing costs and assembly work. In addition, reliable switching can be expected. In particular, since the speed change mechanism is arranged in front of the clutch mechanism, the set clutch operating torque does not fluctuate due to switching of the speed change mechanism, and the usability is improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of an electric driver.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a switching operation of the speed change mechanism by a switching plate (third speed).
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the switching operation of the speed change mechanism by the switching plate (second speed).
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the switching operation of the speed change mechanism by the switching plate (first speed).
[Explanation of symbols]
1 .... Electric screwdriver, 2 .... Housing, 3 .... Motor, 4 .... first gear case, 5 .... second gear case, 6 .... spindle, 7 .... planetary gear reduction mechanism, 12 .... small gear, 13 · · · Large gear, 14 · · 1st internal gear, 15 · · 2nd internal gear, 20 · · 1st switching ring, 24 · · 2nd switching ring, 26 · · 3rd internal gear, 32 · · · Switching plate, 35 · · 1st projection, 36 · · 2nd projection, 46 · · 4th internal gear.

Claims (1)

A planetary gear that revolves within an internal gear and a carrier that supports the planetary gear are connected at least in three stages between an output shaft of a motor housed in the housing and a spindle provided at the tip of the housing. while an intervening planetary gear reduction mechanism, one of the internal gear which is rotatable, set the clutch mechanism to rotate regulated by arbitrarily adjustable resilient means biasing force,
The other internal gear located upstream of the one internal gear is provided so as to be rotatable and slidable in the axial direction, and at one slide position, the planetary gear on the inner peripheral side and the carrier in the preceding stage or Simultaneously meshing with the output shaft to enable both to be connected, and at the other sliding position, while being disengaged from the preceding carrier or output shaft and being able to engage with the housing,
Another internal gear positioned in front of the one internal gear is a set of internal gears arranged in parallel in the axial direction and independently rotatable, and revolves within each internal gear. The front and rear planetary gears are coaxially supported so that each carrier can rotate independently and coaxially, and the front and rear planetary gears can be meshed with the output shaft or carrier at the preceding stage simultaneously ,
The set of internal gears can hold the ball and slide in the front-rear direction. By selecting the slide position, the ball is engaged with the outer periphery of one of the set of internal gears. The first switching ring capable of restricting rotation has a pin inserted into the ring groove recessed in the outer periphery of the other one of the internal gears, and is connected to the other internal gear in the front-rear direction. Each of the second switching rings that move together is packaged,
A pair of left and right slides in which a first protrusion protruding from the first switching ring and a second protrusion protruding from the second switching ring are inserted into the housing, and coil springs are respectively housed in front and rear of each protrusion. A groove is provided in the front-rear direction, and each projection can pass through each slide groove, and the switching plate formed by shifting the narrow portions where the front and rear ends of the coil spring abut in the front-rear direction can be slid back and forth. Provided,
By sliding the switching plate from the outside of the housing, the first and second switching rings are slid in the front-rear direction, respectively, and the rotation restriction of one of the set of internal gears and the other 1 The internal power gear slide position is selected so that the rotation speed of the spindle can be switched to three stages.

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