JP4054783B2 - Germination improvement method and seed - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for improving germination of seeds applied to seeds before sowing for the purpose of rapid and uniform germination of seeds after sowing and improvement of germination rate in a poor environment, and the seeds obtained by the method .

  After sowing, seeds germinate after a certain period of time when environmental conditions such as moisture, humidity, oxygen, and light are in an appropriate state. During the germination preparation period from sowing to germination, various metabolisms are carried out inside the seed. The length of the period varies depending on the ripening level of individual seeds, the type of crop, and environmental factors such as temperature and moisture. By shortening the germination preparation period and bringing quick and uniform germination, shortening of the cultivation period and easy cultivation management after germination are facilitated, and there are advantages such as reduction of production cost and labor saving in large-scale commercial cultivation. can get.

  For such purposes, seed hydration technology such as priming, osmo conditioning (non-electrolyte solution treatment) or matri conditioning (porous material treatment) has been developed as a treatment applied to seeds before sowing. It has been confirmed that there are effects such as speeding up germination and improving germination rate in a poor environment.

  The principle of seed hydration technology, such as priming, is to supply seeds before seeding and to treat the seeds for a time and temperature that is sufficient to increase seed vitality but insufficient for seed germination. This is to accelerate germination after sowing. Currently, there are reports on research and development of various seed hydration treatment techniques. Among them, the following four methods are listed as main ones.

A. Priming
A technology developed by W. Heydecker et al. In 1974, using water-soluble polymer (polyethylene glycol, sodium polypropenate, etc.) aqueous solution or salt aqueous solution as a medium to osmotic pressure to seed This is a seed hydration treatment technique for controlling supply (Non-patent Document 1, Non-patent Document 2, Non-patent Document 3).

B. Drum Priming
Developed by HR Rowse et al. In 1987, seed hydration process that does not use a medium, sprays moisture in a rotating drum, and directly controls the weight of moisture supplied to seeds. Technology (Patent Document 5).

C. Solid Matrix Priming
Seed hydration is a technology developed by AG Taylor et al. In 1988 to control hydration of seeds using leonardite shale powder material (Agro-Lig) as a medium. This is a processing technique (Non-Patent Document 4, Patent Document 6).

D. Matriconditioning
A technology developed by A.A.Khan et al. In 1990, using a water-insoluble porous material (Micro-Gel E. Zonolite) as a medium to control moisture supply to seeds Technology (Non-patent Document 5).

  The conventional four seed hydration techniques are all seed hydration methods applied to the seeds before sowing, and are performed inside the seed during the germination preparation period by controlling the moisture supplied to the seeds. It is common in that only various metabolisms are artificially completed before sowing.

  The difference between the conventional four seed hydration techniques is in the principle of moisture control method. That is, the A. Uses a liquid as a medium, and controls the water supply to seeds by the osmotic potential of the liquid. B. above. In the method, moisture is controlled by weight directly to the seed without supplying a medium. C. above. And D. Uses a solid medium that is insoluble in water, and controls moisture by osmotic material and / or capillary potential.

JP-A-63-304926 JP-A-4-99403 JP-A-8-51809 Japanese National Publication No. 1-503437 British Patent No. 2192781 US Pat. No. 4,912,874 European Patent 039551 Specification JP-T-1-503437 W. Heydecker, J. Higgins and R.M. L. Gulliver, 1973, Nature (London) 246: 42-44. W. Heydecker, 1974, Univ. Nottinghamsch, Agr. Rep. 1973/1974: 50-67 Zuo Weineg et. al. 1987, Chinese Science Bulletin 32: 1438. A. G. Taylor, D.C. E. Klein and T.W. H. Whitlow, 1988, Scientia Horticulturae 37 (1988) 1-11 A. A. Khan, H .; Miura, J. et al. Prussinki and S.M. Ilyas, Proceedings of the Symposium on Stand Establishment of Historical Crops / Minneapolis. Minnesota, April 4-6, 1990

  A. ~ D. All of these conventional seed hydration techniques have the same effects in improving germination, but each has the following drawbacks.

  A. In this priming method, the viscosity of the polyethylene glycol solution to be used is high, and since the solution has low oxygen solubility, it is difficult to sufficiently supply oxygen. For example, it takes a long time to dry seeds, making it impossible for industrial mass treatment.

  B. above. The drum priming method is a simple and clear method. However, in order to actually control the amount of water, precise machine control is required, and mechanical equipment and operations are substantially complicated, so that it is difficult to implement.

  C. above. And D. The method using the capillary force of the water-insoluble solid medium can be processed with simple equipment and solves the problem of oxygen supply.

  However, said A.I. ~ D. In any of the water control methods, water used for water supply is water that does not contain other dissolved components, and the dried seeds obtained by these treatment methods are effective in improving germination. The problem is that the germination alignment is poor because it disappears or decreases in part of the seed and does not germinate uniformly throughout the seed. For this reason, in order to maintain uniform germination even after drying, there is a problem that treatment and drying must be repeated a plurality of times, which requires a lot of labor and cost.

  Therefore, the present invention prevents the germination improvement effect from disappearing or reducing in a part of the seed after drying treatment of the seed to which the seed hydration treatment technology is applied, and preventing the germination alignment from being lowered. An object is to provide a seed germination improvement method that can be maintained and a seed obtained by the method.

  As a result of studying seed treatment technology that improved germination alignment without loss or reduction of germination improvement effect even after drying treatment of seed to which seed hydration treatment technology was applied, the present inventors found that an aqueous solution of betaine was added to seeds. By using for hydration treatment, germination improvement effect can be maintained even after seed drying, excellent germination uniformity, easy hydration treatment to seeds, easy to industrialize, free from pollution of natural environment and human body The present invention has been completed by finding a safe seed hydration treatment technique.

That is, the present invention provides seed previously dipped into a liquid selected from water and an aqueous betaine solution, and a solution holding materials granular holding seeds and betaine aqueous solution obtained by the immersion treatment in the vessel A seed germination improving method comprising mixing and bringing the solution-holding material into contact with a seed at a time and temperature sufficient to enhance seed vitality but insufficient to cause germination. is there.

In the present invention, the germination improving effect, and the hydration process to sowing before the seed means the effect of Ru enhances the germination hastening germination after sowing.

  According to the seed germination improvement method of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the germination evenness of the germination improvement effect from being lost or reduced in a part of the seed due to the drying treatment performed after the seed hydration treatment, and to germinate quickly and uniformly. Seeds are obtained.

According to the present invention, by the hydration process, uniformity of germination such germination improvement after drying process is lost or reduced in some seeds can be prevented from being lowered, quickly uniformly germinating seeds, inexpensive Can be industrially manufactured.

  The betaine used for the seed hydration treatment in the present invention may be used in a state containing impurities as long as it does not contain substances that inhibit germination as impurities.

The granular solution holding material used in the present invention may be any material as long as it is a granular medium that holds a betaine aqueous solution and supplies the held betaine aqueous solution to seeds. Such granular solution retaining material, for example, zeolites, volcanic ash, sand, vermiculite, Kanuma soil, Ru with absorbent material particulate such absorbent polymers.

By mixing the solution holding material and seed granular holding the betaine solution in the vessel can be contacted seeds with betaine solution.

  In any of these methods for contacting a betaine aqueous solution with seeds, by rotating a container containing seeds, air can be entrained and the seeds can be efficiently brought into contact with the betaine aqueous solution. It is desirable to provide a blade on the inner wall of the rotating container and / or the central shaft provided in the container because the stirring effect is enhanced. Alternatively, the aqueous solution of betaine and the seed can be brought into contact with each other by stirring the container with a stirring means having a function of entraining and agitating air such as a stirring blade or a screw that rotates inside without rotating the container. .

  When such seeds are brought into contact with the betaine aqueous solution, the air is actively brought into contact with the seeds and the germination improvement effect is enhanced by the treatment. The rotation of the container or the stirring by the stirring means may be performed intermittently or continuously.

The atmosphere when the seed is brought into contact with the aqueous betaine solution is preferably a humidified oxygen-containing gas atmosphere , that is, humidified air. Under this atmosphere, the germination improving effect is enhanced.

A preferred example of the general method of carrying out the present invention when granular zeolite is used as the solution holding material can be performed as follows. The seeds are immersed in an aqueous betaine solution of 0.1 to 2M, preferably 0.2 to 1.0M, most preferably 0.2 to 0.8M for 8 to 24 hours. On the other hand, it is 0.01 to 1.0 times the granular zeolite (generally, zeolite having a particle size range of 0.1 to 1.5 mm) having a particle size range different from the seed particle size range. By adding a betaine aqueous solution having a volume, preferably 0.05-0.5 times the volume of 0.1-2M, preferably 0.2-1.0M, most preferably 0.2-0.8M. To hold an aqueous solution of betaine. Next, seeds having a particle size range different from the particle size range of the zeolite are added to the zeolite and betaine aqueous solution mixture, and 20 to 200% by weight of the weight of the solution mixture is added and mixed. The mixing is performed by rotating a cylindrical container (drum-type container) that can be rotated about a central axis, with an inner wall provided with blades for stirring, and rotating the central axis substantially horizontally. In mixing, air, preferably humidified air is blown, and the air is actively contacted with the seeds.

  Thereafter, the obtained mixture is treated at the germination temperature of the treated seed (generally at about 10 to 15 ° C.), and is the time required for the metabolic activity to take place inside the seed, before germination. Until the time (usually 1 to 5 days).

  In addition, the seed applicable to the germination improvement method of the present invention can be any seed having a particle size in various ranges, such as vegetable seeds such as onion and carrot, sugar beet, dent corn, and grass seed.

  In addition, the seed may be treated with a bactericide before and after the betaine treatment, and after the betaine treatment, a coating layer can be formed on the seed surface by film coating or granulation coating.

  Next, examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Example 1]
(Hydrotherapy of carrot seeds using zeolite-Comparison of various concentrations of betaine aqueous solution)
1. Carrot seeds having a particle size range of 1.0 to 2.0 mm, which was placed horizontally in a cylindrical container (volume 0.87 L) having a diameter of 10.5 cm and a length of 10 cm and previously immersed in distilled water for 16 hours. 0 g was put in the container, and 12 cc of betaine aqueous solution having three concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.5 M and 1.0 M was added to 120 ml of zeolite sieved to a particle size range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The zeolite in which the aqueous solution of betaine obtained above was retained was added and rotated at 15 ° C. for 5 days to bring the carrot seeds into contact with the aqueous solution of betaine retained in the zeolite for hydration.

  After 5 days, the zeolite and carrot seeds were separated by sieving and dried at 35 ° C. for 2 hours, and then the carrot seeds obtained (betaine-treated section) and the carrot seeds not subjected to the hydration treatment (untreated section) were obtained. Each germination test was performed. The germination test was conducted by placing it in a germination test case at a germination temperature of 20 ° C. (100 grains × 1 case for each child). Table 1 below shows the results of the number of germinated on the first day to the third day / 100 grains.

  According to Table 1, it can be seen that the carrot seeds hydrated with the betaine aqueous solution have better germination alignment and faster germination rate at any concentration of the betaine aqueous solution than the seeds not hydrated.

[Example 2]
(Carrot seed hydration using zeolite-scale-up)
A cylindrical container (volume: 16.6 L) having a diameter of 28.5 cm and a length of 26 cm was placed horizontally and previously immersed in a 0.4 M betaine aqueous solution for 16 hours in the container. Add 100 g of 0 mm carrot seeds, add zeolite containing 190 cc of 0.4 M betaine aqueous solution to 2400 ml of zeolite sieved to a particle size range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, and add at 15 ° C. By rotating for 4 days, the carrot seeds were brought into contact with the betaine aqueous solution retained in the zeolite for hydration treatment.

  Four days later, the zeolite and seeds were separated by sieving and dried at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the carrot seeds (betaine-treated group) and the carrot seeds not subjected to the hydration treatment (non-treated group) were germinated. A test was conducted. The germination test was performed by placing it in a germination test case at a germination temperature of 20 ° C. (100 grains × 3 cases for each child). Table 2 below shows the results of the number of germinated on the first day to the fifth day / 100 grains.

  According to Table 2, it can be seen that the seeds treated with betaine have better germination and faster germination speed than untreated seeds.

Example 3
(Hydration treatment of onion seed using zeolite-Comparison of hydration treatment of distilled water and betaine aqueous solution)
A cylindrical container (volume 0.87 L) having a diameter of 10.5 cm and a length of 10 cm is placed horizontally, 1.0 g of onion seed having a particle size range of 1.5 to 2.4 mm is placed in the container, and By adding 12 cc of a 0.4M betaine aqueous solution to 120 ml of zeolite sieved to a particle size range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, the zeolite holding the betaine aqueous solution obtained is added, and rotated at 15 ° C. for 5 days. Then, the onion seed was brought into contact with the betaine aqueous solution retained in the zeolite and hydrated (betaine treatment section). On the other hand, as a control, a zeolite holding distilled water obtained by adding 12 cc of distilled water to 120 ml of zeolite was added, and an onion seed was brought into contact with distilled water held in the zeolite in the same manner as described above to perform hydration treatment. (Distilled water treatment zone). The betaine treatment section was rotated for 5 days, and the distilled water treatment section was rotated for 3 days for each hydration treatment.

  After 5 days in the betaine treatment zone and 3 days in the distilled water treatment zone, the zeolite and onion seed were separated by sieving and dried at 35 ° C. for 2 hours, and then the germination rate of each obtained onion seed was measured. . The germination rate was determined by measuring the number of germination grains in 100 grains. The results are shown in Table 3.

  According to Table 3, 10% onion seeds germinated during the hydration treatment with distilled water, but no germination was observed during the hydration treatment with the aqueous betaine solution.

  Next, a germination test was conducted on 100 ungerminated onion seeds in the distilled water-treated section obtained in the above step and 100 ungerminated onion seeds in the betaine-treated section. The germination test was conducted by placing it in a germination test case at a germination temperature of 20 ° C. (100 grains × 1 case for each child). The results of the number of germinated on the first day to the third day / 100 grains are shown in Table 4 below.

  According to Table 4, it can be seen that the hydration treatment with the aqueous betaine solution is better in germination alignment and the germination rate is faster at any concentration of the aqueous betaine solution compared to the hydration treatment with distilled water.

Example 4
(Effect of soaking treatment of onion seed before hydration treatment with betaine aqueous solution)
Each cylindrical container (volume: 16.5 cm) of onion seeds soaked in 0.4 M betaine aqueous solution for 8 hours and onion seeds not soaked in a horizontal manner having a diameter of 28.5 cm and a length of 26 cm. 6L), and a zeolite holding a betaine aqueous solution obtained by adding 240 cc of a 0.4M betaine aqueous solution to 2400 ml of zeolite sieved to a particle size range of 1.0 to 1.5 mm was added, and 15 By rotating at 5 ° C. for 5 days, the seed was brought into contact with the betaine aqueous solution retained in the zeolite.

  After 5 days, the zeolite and seeds were separated by sieving and dried at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the obtained sections were subjected to a dip treatment and a hydration treatment with an aqueous solution of betaine (immersion + betaine treatment section), and a dip treatment. For the purpose of comparison, the classification in which the hydration treatment with the betaine aqueous solution was not carried out (betaine treatment alone) and the division in which both the immersion treatment and the hydration treatment with the betaine aqueous solution were not carried out (non-treatment zone) were performed. Each onion seed was subjected to a germination test. The germination test was carried out by placing it in a germination test case at a germination temperature of 20 ° C. (100 grains × 3 cases for each child). The results of the number of germinated on the first day to the fifth day / 100 grains are shown in Table 5 below.

  According to Table 5, it can be seen that onion seeds that have been soaked in an aqueous solution of betaine and then hydrated with an aqueous solution of betaine have a faster germination rate than seeds that have been hydrated with an aqueous solution of betaine without being soaked.

Example 5
(Method of blowing moist air during onion seed hydration with betaine aqueous solution)
A cylindrical container (volume: 16.6 L) having a diameter of 28.5 cm and a length of 26 cm was placed horizontally and previously immersed in a 0.4 M betaine aqueous solution for 16 hours in the container, and the particle size range was 1.5-2. Add 300g of 4mm onion seeds, add 2Occ of 0.4M betaine aqueous solution to 2400ml of zeolite sieved to particle size range 0.5-1.0mm, add zeolite holding the betaine aqueous solution and add moist air Is rotated at 15 ° C. for 7 days while being fed into the container to bring the onion seeds into contact with the betaine aqueous solution retained in the zeolite for hydration treatment, and after 7 days, the zeolite and seeds are separated by sieving. After air-drying at 25 ° C. for hours, onion seeds (blast treatment section) were obtained. Moreover, the onion seed (non-blast treatment area) was obtained by making the other conditions the same, except not performing the ventilation of moist air. Moreover, the onion seed (untreated section) which made the other conditions the same without performing the hydration process by betaine aqueous solution and a ventilation process as a control | contrast was obtained.

  Seven days later, the zeolite and seeds were separated by sieving and dried at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the onion seeds obtained for each treatment were subjected to a germination test. The germination test was carried out by placing it in a germination test case at a germination temperature of 20 ° C. (100 grains × 3 cases for each child). The results of the germination test are shown in Table 6.

  According to Table 6, in the hydration treatment of the seeds in the blast treatment zone of the present example with the betaine aqueous solution, the seeds to be treated are three times as much as in Example 5, but the same as in Example 4 above. Even if the amount of seeds is increased in this manner, if the air blowing treatment of Example 5 is performed, the seeds are aligned better and the germination rate is higher than the betaine aqueous solution treatment in the non-air blowing treatment section. It can be seen that the seed can be hydrated.

Example 6
(Hydration of sugar beet seeds using zeolite)
A cylindrical container (volume: 16.61) having a diameter of 28.5 cm and a length of 26 cm was placed horizontally and previously immersed in a 0.4 M betaine aqueous solution for 16 hours in the container, and the particle size range was 2.7 to 3.0 mm. 100 g of sugar beet seeds were added, and 2400 ml of zeolite sieved to a particle size range of 0.5 to 1.0 mm was added with zeolite containing 190 cc of 0.4 M betaine aqueous solution and the resulting betaine aqueous solution was retained. By rotating for a day, the beet seeds were brought into contact with the betaine aqueous solution retained in the zeolite for hydration. Four days later, the zeolite and seeds were separated by sieving, dried at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and a germination test was performed. For comparison, a germination test was also conducted on sugar beet seeds that had not been hydrated (untreated). The germination test was performed by placing it in a germination test case at a germination temperature of 20 ° C. (100 grains × 3 cases for each child). The results of the number of germinated on the first day to the fifth day / 100 grains are shown in Table 7 below.

  It can be seen that seeds treated with betaine have better germination and faster germination speed than untreated seeds.

  By applying the germination improving method of the present invention to seeds before sowing, the obtained seeds are improved in quick and uniform germination of seeds after sowing and germination rate in a poor environment.

Claims (6)

Pre-soaking seeds in a liquid selected from water and betaine aqueous solution,
Wherein the immersion treatment by the resulting seeds and betaine aqueous solution holding materials granular holding the mixture in the vessel, insufficient to is sufficient to cause germination to promote the vitality of seeds A method for improving seed germination, comprising bringing the solution-holding material into contact with a seed at a proper time and temperature. The seed germination improving method according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed by rotating the container. The seed germination improvement method according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed by blowing air into the container. The seed germination improving method according to claim 3, wherein the air is humidified air. The seed germination improvement method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size range of the granular solution holding material is different from the particle size range of the seed. The seed germination improving method according to claim 1, wherein the granular solution holding material is a water-absorbing material.