JP3996255B2 - Electric motorcycle - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electric motorcycle, and more particularly to a layout of an auxiliary power mechanism using an electric motor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A power-assisted bicycle using an electric motor detects the vehicle speed and the pedaling force, drives the electric motor based on these, and assists the pedaling force within a certain range. Such an auxiliary power mechanism for an electric motorcycle includes a motor for assisting the pedaling force of the pedal, a battery as a power source of the motor, a power transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force of the motor to the rear wheel, A pedaling force detecting means for detecting the pedaling force of the pedal, a speed sensor for detecting the vehicle speed, and a controller for driving and controlling the motor based on the pedaling force and the vehicle speed.
[0003]
Conventionally, each component constituting such an auxiliary power mechanism has been appropriately dispersed and mounted on the vehicle body frame in consideration of weight, shape, wiring, and the like. In such an electric motorcycle, in order to arrange the electric system in a compact and well-balanced manner, a structure in which a motor and a battery are provided in the vicinity of the hub of the rear wheel has already been proposed by the present applicant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-48278). . According to the arrangement structure of the electric system described in this publication, an electric motorcycle having a low center of gravity, a good weight balance, and excellent running stability and handleability can be obtained.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even in the electric system arrangement structure described in the above publication in which the motor and the battery are provided in the rear wheel, the pedal force detection means for driving and controlling the motor in accordance with the pedal force is separated from the rear wheel. Since it was attached to the part, sufficient compactness was not achieved.
[0005]
In addition, even in the structure of conventional electric motorcycles other than the technology described in the publication, the auxiliary power mechanism is not sufficiently compactly arranged, the structural unit is eliminated, the assembly of the vehicle body becomes troublesome, and the handling of each part is complicated. It was.
[0006]
In consideration of the above-mentioned points, the present invention achieves complete compactness of the auxiliary power mechanism, simplifies the structure of the vehicle body, makes it easy to handle the entire auxiliary power mechanism, and improves the assembly accuracy. An object of the present invention is to provide an electric motorcycle that can improve the workability of assembly.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a pedal for driving a rear wheel, a vehicle body frame fixed to an axle on both the left and right sides of the rear wheel, a motor for assisting the pedaling force of the pedal, and a power source for the motor A battery, a power transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force of the motor to the rear wheel, a pedaling force detecting means for detecting the pedaling force of the pedal, and driving control of the motor based on the pedaling force In the electric motorcycle including the controller, the motor, the battery, the power transmission mechanism, the treading force detection means, and the controller are arranged on the radially inner side of the rear wheel, and the motor, the battery, and a part of the power transmission mechanism An electric motorcycle is provided in which a pedal force detection means and a controller are mounted on a common support bracket and configured as an integrated unit .
[0008]
According to this configuration, all the individual structural mechanisms and devices that constitute the electric auxiliary power mechanism, that is, the motor, the battery, the power transmission mechanism, the treading force detection means, and the controller are all disposed inside the rear wheel. Therefore, the entire auxiliary power mechanism is structurally integrated and completely compact, the vehicle body structure is simplified, and the handleability and assemblability are improved. In addition, since the motor, the battery, a part of the power transmission mechanism, the treading force detection means, and the controller are mounted on a common support bracket and configured as an integrated unit, handling and assembly are further improved. Further, since the heavy object is arranged on the rear wheel side, the front wheel side is lightened, and a feeling of lightness is obtained when moving with a handle, and the operational feeling is improved.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an electric motorcycle according to the present invention. The steering shaft 2 to which the handle 1 is fixed is inserted into the head pipe 3 and connected to the left and right front forks 5 of the front wheel 4. A top tube 6 and a down tube 7 are fixed to the head pipe 3. The rear end portions of the top tube 6 and the down tube 7 are individually attached to the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the seat tube 8, respectively. A saddle 9 is attached to the seat tube 8. A pedal crankshaft 10 is attached to the lower end connecting portion of the down tube 7 and the seed tube 8 and a pedal 11 is attached.
[0010]
A seat stay 12 is fixed to the rear side of the upper end of the seat tube 8 from both the left and right sides. A chain stay 13 is fixed to the rear side of the lower end of the seat tube 8 from both the left and right sides. The rear ends of the seat stay 12 and the chain stay 13 are integrated to form a hook 40 through which the axle 15 of the rear wheel 14 is mounted.
[0011]
A drive sprocket 16 is mounted on the pedal crankshaft 10. This drive sprocket 16 is connected via a chain 17 to a driven sprocket 18 mounted on the axle 15 of the rear wheel 14. Thereby, the rear wheel 14 is driven by the pedaling force from the pedal 11.
[0012]
The inner side of the rear wheel 14 than the tire 22 is covered with a fixed dome-shaped cover 32. Inside the rear wheel 14, a motor 19 for adding an auxiliary driving force to the pedaling force from the pedal, a battery 20 as a power source for the motor 19, and a rotational driving force of the motor 19 via the pulley 23 A belt 21 for transmission to the wheel side, a pedaling force detection means 24 that also functions as a vehicle speed detection means for detecting a pedaling force and a vehicle speed as will be described later, and a motor 19 based on the pedaling force and the vehicle speed detected by the pedaling force detection means 24. A controller 25 is provided for controlling the driving. The controller 25 is provided with a main switch 26 for turning on / off the power supply from the battery 20 to enable or disable the auxiliary power mechanism. This main switch is a push-type on / off switch. A switch operating hole is provided in the fixed dome-shaped cover 32 of the rear wheel, and this hole is covered with an elastic material cover such as rubber, and the switch is pressed from above the cover. Operate on and off. Further, a lid 34 is provided at the mounting portion of the battery 20, and the battery 20 is taken in and out as will be described later.
[0013]
The motor 19, the battery 20, the treading force detecting means 24, and the controller 25 that constitute these auxiliary power mechanisms are attached to a common support bracket, which will be described later, and are integrated into a single unit.
[0014]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a main part of the rear wheel 14 of the electric motorcycle shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration diagram of an axle portion thereof. FIG. 4 is a front view of the wheel frame constituting a part of the rear wheel as viewed from the inside.
[0015]
The sprocket 18 to which the pedaling force from the pedal 11 (FIG. 1) is transmitted is mounted via a free wheel (not shown) on an input plate 27 that is rotatably mounted on the axle 15 of the rear wheel 14. The input plate 27 is connected to the wheel frame 70 through elastic members 28 such as rubber provided at five locations in the circumferential direction (see FIG. 4). As shown in FIG. 3, a cover 71 is attached to the wheel frame 70 to form a wheel disk 29.
[0016]
The elastic member 28 is attached to the five protrusions 27a of the input plate 27 and is fitted into the hole 29a on the wheel disk 29 side. As a result, the rotational force of the input plate 27 rotated by the pedaling force from the pedal is transmitted to the wheel disc 29 via the elastic member 28, and the wheel disc 29 rotates on the axle 15 together with the input plate 27. At this time, since the elastic member 28 is elastically deformed according to the magnitude of the pedaling force, the phases of the input plate 27 and the wheel disk 29 in the circumferential direction are shifted. The pedaling force detecting means 24 detects this phase shift as described later, and the pedaling force applied to the pedal is detected.
[0017]
A hook 40 (see FIG. 1) at the rear end portion in which the seat stay 12 and the chain stay 13 are integrated is fixed to both left and right end portions of the axle 15 by being sandwiched by nuts 39 from both sides.
[0018]
The wheel disk 29 is composed of an aluminum cast wheel frame 70 having a transparent frame shape and a resin cover 71 along the entire outer surface of the wheel disk 29, and the entire wheel disk 29 has a dome shape in the wheel direction. The wheel frame 70 has a hub 38 rotatably mounted on the collar 36 on the axle 15 via a bearing 37 (FIG. 3). As shown in FIG. 4, five spoke ribs 45 are provided radially from the hub 38, and the pulley 23 is integrally formed at the end thereof. A spoke rivet 30 is further formed integrally with the outer side of the pulley 23 in succession to each spoke cribe 45. A rim 31 is integrally formed at an end portion of the outer spoke rivet 30, and the tire 22 is attached thereto. A belt 21 (FIG. 1) is wound around the pulley 23, and the rotational driving force from the motor 19 is transmitted.
[0019]
The side surface of the rear wheel 14 opposite to the wheel disk 29 is covered with a fixed cover 32 having a dome shape. Therefore, a large accommodating space 73 is formed between the rim and the hub by the wheel disk 29 and the fixed cover 32. The storage position of the battery 20 in the fixed dome-shaped cover 32 is opened and a lid 34 is provided. In the wheel disk 29, the wheel frame 70 itself may be formed in a disk shape instead of a frame shape, and the cover 71 may be omitted. In this case, the portion to be covered is not the entire rear wheel rim, but a small-diameter cover extending from the center to the outer side of the pulley 23. The outer edge of the small-diameter cover is bent in the axle direction to the fixed cover 32 on the opposite surface. May be configured to protect the suction space formed inside from water and dust. In this case, a spoke rivet reaching the rim is integrally formed on the outer edge side of the small diameter cover.
[0020]
A thick portion 46 is formed in the middle portion of the spoke crib 45 inside the wheel frame 70, and the internal tooth ring 44 is fixed to the thick portion 46 with a screw 43. The inner ring 44 has protruding pieces 44a formed at a constant pitch on the inner periphery thereof. Opposite to the protruding pieces 44a of the internal tooth ring 44, there is provided an external tooth ring 42 in which protruding pieces 42a are formed at the same constant pitch angle. The external ring 42 is fixed by screws 41 to the end surfaces of the five protrusions 27a of the input plate 27 exposed on the inner surface of the hub 38 of the wheel frame 70. A treading force detecting means 24 comprising, for example, a Hall element, which detects the projecting pieces 44a and 42a facing each other of the inner tooth ring 44 and the outer tooth ring 42 in a non-contact manner is provided at a position facing the projecting pieces 44a and 42a. The pedal force detection means 24 is fixed to a common support bracket 33 that is fixed to the axle 15 and does not rotate as will be described later, and is held stationary at a fixed position. Opposing teeth (projecting pieces) of both rings 42 and 44 are arranged in the same plane. As a result, the space in the axle direction can be saved and used efficiently, and the pedal force detection means can be arranged in a compact manner.
[0021]
The treading force detection means 24 detects the protruding pieces 42a and 44a of the external tooth ring 42 and the internal tooth ring 44 that rotate with the rear wheel during traveling, and outputs respective detection pulses to the controller 25. This detection pulse is transmitted for each protruding piece 42a, 44a that passes through the treading force detecting means. Therefore, the rotational speed of each ring 42 or 44 is detected from the frequency of this pulse. That is, the rotational speed of the rear wheel, that is, the vehicle speed, is detected from the number of protruding pieces detected within a certain time or the detection time interval of the protruding pieces.
[0022]
Further, by comparing the phases of detection pulses of both the outer teeth 42a and the inner teeth 42a and 44a, the positional deviation of the protruding pieces 42a and 44a of both the rings 42 and 44 is detected. As described above, this displacement occurs because the circumferential direction phases of the input plate 27 and the wheel disc 29 are shifted in accordance with the pedal depression force. Therefore, it is possible to detect the pedaling force applied to the pedal from the magnitude of this positional deviation. Therefore, both the pedaling force and the vehicle speed can be detected by such a pedaling force detection means 24.
[0023]
FIG. 5A is a front view of a common support bracket 33 to which auxiliary power mechanisms such as the motor 19 and the battery 20 are attached, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB. FIG. 6 is a front view showing a state where an auxiliary power mechanism is attached to the support bracket 33 of FIG.
[0024]
The support bracket 33 is formed by aluminum die casting or the like. The motor 19 is attached to the motor attachment portion 54 of the support bracket 33 by bolts (not shown) through three bolt holes 61. 52 is a pivot shaft of an automatic tension adjusting mechanism, which will be described later, and 74 is an opening in which an output shaft of the motor is disposed. A battery housing portion 55 is formed below the axle support portion 35 in which the axle hole 15a into which the rear wheel axle is inserted is formed.
[0025]
The battery accommodating portion 55 has a lower edge curved along the arc of the pulley 23 (FIG. 4) of the wheel frame 70 described above, and a similar arc-shaped step 56 is formed on the upper edge side. The battery 20 composed of a plurality of cells 51 (FIG. 7) is accommodated in the battery accommodating portion 55. These cells 51 are accommodated in a battery case 20 a having a shape corresponding to the battery accommodating portion 55 of the support bracket 33 to constitute the battery 20. The fixed dome-shaped cover 32 (FIG. 2) on the front surface of the battery housing 55 is opened, and a lid 34 (FIG. 2) is provided. This lid has projecting pieces (not shown) at two locations on its lower edge, and is equipped with a locking mechanism (not shown) almost at the center of the upper edge. Advance and retreat from.
[0026]
In such a state that the protruding piece on the lower edge of the lid is inserted into the receiving port 57 provided at two places on the lower edge of the battery accommodating portion 55 so as to cover the battery accommodating portion 55, the locking piece of the locking mechanism on the upper edge is covered. Is projected by a key operation, and this is inserted into a recess 58 formed inside the axle support portion 35 to lock the lid. Reference numeral 64 in the figure denotes a mounting bolt hole for the fixed dome-shaped cover.
[0027]
A common stay 63 to which the treading force detection means 24 and the controller 25 are attached is fixed to the bolt holes 62 at two upper edge portions of the support bracket 33. As will be described later, the pedal effort detection means 24 also serves as a speed sensor to detect the vehicle speed and the pedal effort. The controller 25 calculates and obtains the vehicle speed and the pedal force based on the detection pulse signal from the pedal force detector 24 and controls the drive of the motor 19 via the wiring 65 based on these. The control of the motor 19 applies, for example, auxiliary power by the motor 19 only at a predetermined vehicle speed or less, and in this case, the ratio of the auxiliary power to the pedaling force is changed according to the vehicle speed. A map of such drive control is created in advance, and the motor 19 is controlled based on the detected vehicle speed and pedaling force according to this map.
[0028]
Instead of using the common stay 63 for attaching the treading force detecting means 24 and the controller 25, they are attached to different stays, and one more bolt hole is formed between the two bolt holes 62 on the support bracket 33 side. The stays on both sides may be fastened and fixed with a common bolt using the central bolt hole as a common mounting hole.
[0029]
As described above, the power transmission means such as the rotating wheel 47 and 49 (FIG. 7), which will be described later, mounted on the motor 19, the treading force detecting means 24, the controller 25, and the motor 19 constituting the auxiliary power mechanism in advance are the common support bracket 33. And integrated into a unit. Thus, the auxiliary power mechanism integrated in advance as a unit is mounted on the rear wheel. Thereafter, the battery 20 is accommodated in the support bracket 33 and covered as described above. In this case, the support bracket 33 is mounted and supported on the axle by inserting the axle through the axle support portion 35. The assembly of the rear wheel 33 and the support bracket 33 thus assembled is fastened with a nut by fitting the axle 15 to the hook 40.
[0030]
Further, the support bracket 33 has a suspension support portion 59 on the upper portion of the motor attachment portion 54, and the attachment member 60 attached to the chain stay 13 is fixed to the support portion 59 with a bolt or the like (not shown). The support bracket 33 is suspended and supported by the chain stay 13. In this way, the support bracket 33 is fixedly supported on the axle and the chain stay at two locations, the axle support portion 35 and the suspension support portion 59. Thus, both the heavy motor 19 and the battery 20 are disposed below the axle, the center of gravity is lowered and stabilized, and each heavy object is disposed immediately below the axle support 35 and the suspension support 59, respectively. Therefore, the entire support bracket is stably fixed and held. Further, by arranging the relatively light pedal force detection means 24 and the controller 25 above the axle and arranging the auxiliary power mechanism radially around the axle, the weight balance is stabilized and the space inside the rear wheel is effectively utilized. An auxiliary power mechanism can be arranged.
[0031]
In this case, since the controller 25 is easily affected by the control function due to external impact or the like, it is desirable to provide the controller 25 at a position sandwiched between the left and right seat stays 12 as shown in FIGS. . Thereby, the controller 25 is protected.
[0032]
In this way, the assembly work of the vehicle body can be facilitated by attaching the auxiliary power mechanism integrated in advance to the vehicle body. Further, the relative position can be accurately fixed in advance to the common support bracket 33, and the assembly accuracy is improved. In addition, by integrating the auxiliary power mechanism into an integrated unit, handling is improved, parts management, etc. are facilitated, and the united auxiliary power mechanism is incorporated into the body of an existing bicycle so that an electric motorcycle can be easily installed. It becomes possible to form.
[0033]
FIG. 7 is an arrangement configuration diagram in a state in which the auxiliary power mechanism mounted on the support bracket 33 is incorporated in the wheel frame of FIG. 4.
A battery 20 is disposed below the axle 15 and a motor 19 is disposed in front of the battery 20. The belt 21 is wound around the output shaft 53 of the motor 19 together with the rotating wheels 47 and 49 on both sides thereof. As described above, the belt 21 is wound around the pulley 23 integrally formed inside the wheel frame 70. The rotating shafts 48 and 50 of the rotating wheels 47 and 49 on both sides of the motor output shaft 53 are attached to the arm 51. The arm 51 can rotate around a pivot shaft 52 fixed to the support bracket 33 and is always urged outward (in the direction of arrow A) by a spring (not shown). This spring force is the minimum tension necessary to keep the belt 21 from being wound when the motor 19 is stopped and to prevent the output shaft 53 of the motor 19 from slipping at the moment of starting rotation. Is set to
[0034]
When the motor output shaft 53 starts to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure, the belt 21 on the rotating wheel 47 side is pulled, and the rotating wheel 47 is pressed inward by the tension. As a result, the arm 51 rotates around the pivot shaft 52 in the clockwise direction. Therefore, the rotating wheel 49 at the end of the arm 51 opposite to the rotating wheel 47 moves outward. Thereby, an appropriate tension is applied to the belt 21 at the start of rotation, and torque transmission is improved. During the rotation of the motor 19, the pulling force of the belt 21 wound around the rotating wheel 47 changes according to the torque, and the inward pressing force against the rotating wheel 47 changes accordingly. Therefore, the amount of rotation of the arm 51 around the pivot shaft 52 changes according to the torque. As a result, the tension of the belt 21 and the winding angle with respect to the output shaft 53 are automatically adjusted, and an appropriate tension corresponding to the torque is always applied.
[0035]
The belt 21, the rotating wheels 47 and 49 for automatically adjusting the tension, and the arm 51 are provided at positions corresponding to the pulley 23 on the back side (opposite to the mounting surface) of the support bracket 33 to which the motor 19 is attached. .
[0036]
The battery 20 is formed by connecting a plurality (22 in this example) of cells (single cells) 51 in series, a terminal lead-out portion 52 is formed at one corner, and a lead wire (not shown) is provided. The battery 20 is provided on a support bracket 33 located below the axle 15 and inside the pulley 23, and the cell 51 is curved and arranged in an arc shape along the circle of the pulley 23. By placing the heavy battery 20 in an arc shape below the axle 15 and inside the pulley 23, the center of gravity of the vehicle body is lowered and stabilized, and space is used effectively and the weight balance is good. Thus, the cells can be efficiently arranged.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, all the individual structural mechanisms and devices constituting the electric auxiliary power mechanism, that is, the motor, the battery, the power transmission mechanism, the treading force detection means, and the controller are all located inside the rear wheel. As a result, the entire auxiliary power mechanism is structurally integrated and completely compact, the vehicle body structure is simplified, and handling and assembly are improved. Further, since the heavy object is arranged on the rear wheel side, the front wheel side is lightened, and a feeling of lightness is obtained when moving with a handle, and the operational feeling is improved.
[0038]
In addition, the motor, battery, part of the power transmission mechanism, pedal force detection means, and controller are mounted on a common support bracket and configured as an integrated unit. The nature is further improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external view of an electric motorcycle according to the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a main part of a rear wheel portion of the electric motorcycle shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
3 is a detailed configuration diagram of a main part of the rear wheel in FIG. 2. FIG.
4 is a front view of the wheel frame of the rear wheel in FIG. 2. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a configuration explanatory view of a common support bracket to which an auxiliary power mechanism is attached.
6 is a front view of a state in which an auxiliary power mechanism is attached to the support bracket of FIG.
7 is a structural layout diagram in a state in which an auxiliary power mechanism is incorporated in the wheel frame of FIG. 4;
[Explanation of symbols]
10: pedal crankshaft, 11: pedal, 12: seat stay,
13: Chain stay, 14: Rear wheel, 15: Axle,
16: Drive sprocket, 17: Chain, 18: Driven sprocket,
19: Motor, 20: Battery, 21: Belt, 22: Tire, 23: Pulley,
24: pedaling force detection means, 25: controller, 26: main switch,
27: input plate, 28: elastic material, 29: axle disc, 30: spoke crib,
31: Rim, 32: Fixed dome-shaped cover, 33: Support bracket,
34: Lid, 35: Axle support, 36: Collar, 37: Bearing,
38: Hub, 39: Nut, 40: Hook part, 42: External tooth ring,
44: Internal tooth ring, 42a, 44a: Projection piece, 45: Spoke crib,
46: thick part, 47, 49: rotating wheel, 48, 50: shaft, 51: arm,
52: Pivot shaft, 53: Output shaft, 54: Motor mounting part,
55: Battery housing part, 56: Step part, 57: Receptor, 58: Recess,
59: Suspension support part, 60: Mounting member, 61, 62, 64: Bolt hole,
63: Stay. 70: wheel frame, 71: cover, 73: accommodation space,
74: Opening

Claims (7)

A pedal that drives the rear wheels;
A body frame fixed to the axle on the left and right sides of the rear wheel,
A motor for assisting the pedaling force,
A battery as a power source for this motor;
A power transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force of the motor to the rear wheels;
Pedaling force detecting means for detecting the pedaling force of the pedal;
In an electric motorcycle comprising a controller for driving and controlling the motor based on the pedaling force,
The motor, battery, power transmission mechanism, pedaling force detection means, and controller are arranged on the radially inner side of the rear wheel ,
An electric motorcycle characterized in that the motor, a battery, a part of a power transmission mechanism, a treading force detecting means, and a controller are mounted on a common support bracket and configured as an integrated unit . The rear wheel has a wheel disc recessed in the axle direction,
The electric motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein an accommodation space is formed between the stationary cover and the stationary cover.   3. The electric motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein the components disposed on the radially inner side of the rear wheel are distributed in the circumferential direction. 4. The electric motorcycle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the motor and the battery are disposed below the axle. 5. The electric motorcycle according to claim 4 , wherein the battery includes a plurality of cells, and the cells are arranged in an arc shape protruding downward. Said controller electric motorcycle according to any of claims 1 5, characterized in that said arranged from the upper left and right axles are sandwiched between the body frame. On the axle of the rear wheel, a wheel disk that rotates together with an input plate and a tire driven by a pedaling force from the pedal via a sprocket is mounted,
The input plate and the wheel disc are connected via an elastic material,
A ring having a plurality of protruding pieces of the same constant pitch angle is fixed to each of the input plate and the wheel disc,
Provided on the non-rotating member side in the rear wheel a non-contact sensor for detecting the protruding piece of each ring rotating together with the input plate and the wheel disk,
The non-contact sensor detects the pedaling force of the pedal based on the deviation of the relative position in the circumferential direction between the protruding pieces of both rings while detecting the vehicle speed by detecting the protruding piece of each ring passing through the non-contact sensor. The electric motorcycle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 .

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