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JP3970469B2 - Temper bead method - Google Patents

Temper bead method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3970469B2
JP3970469B2 JP08007899A JP8007899A JP3970469B2 JP 3970469 B2 JP3970469 B2 JP 3970469B2 JP 08007899 A JP08007899 A JP 08007899A JP 8007899 A JP8007899 A JP 8007899A JP 3970469 B2 JP3970469 B2 JP 3970469B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
welding
layer
base material
bead method
temper bead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP08007899A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000271742A (en
Inventor
隆 平野
耕世 田口
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP08007899A priority Critical patent/JP3970469B2/en
Publication of JP2000271742A publication Critical patent/JP2000271742A/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、原子炉圧力容器等の鉄鋼構造物の補修に採用されるテンパービード工法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、極めて高い安全性が要求される原子炉圧力容器は、定期的に非破壊検査等が実施され、母材表面に極僅かな割れや欠損等が発見された場合には、直ちにその箇所の補修が行われるようになっている。
【0003】
この割れや欠損等の補修方法としては、その母材表層部をグラインダー等によって削り取って割れや欠損部位を機械的に除去した後、その表面にTIG溶接機等を用いて新たな金属を肉盛り溶接して面一に加工する方法が一般的であるが、既設の原子炉圧力容器等の場合はその修理期間や修理後の熱処理等に制限があるため、いわゆるテンパービード工法と称される溶接補修工法の適用が検討されている。
【0004】
このテンパービード工法は、例えば、図2に示すように母材表面に所定の溶接ワイヤーを用いて初層を溶接した後、再度その初層上に複数(4〜6層)の残層を重ねて溶接するようにしたものであり、除去部位に対して肉盛り補修を行うと同時に、初層で生じた母材熱影響部(硬化域)をその初層上に重ねて溶接される残層からの溶接熱(約600〜900℃の温度範囲)によって焼き戻すことで母材中に発生した硬化域を除去して補修部位を強化するようにしたものである。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、このテンパービード工法は、焼き戻し効果を高めるために残層の入熱を初層よりも高くする必要があるが、そのためには溶接電流を上げると同時に溶接速度を下げる必要がある。
【0006】
しかしながら、溶接速度を下げると残層のビード高さが高くなって焼き戻し域幅が狭く(浅く)なってしまい、その結果、図3に示すように硬化域の一部が焼き戻しされずに母材中に残存してしまうといった問題がある。
【0007】
そのため、この母材を常時ある一定の温度に予熱して焼き戻し域幅を広く(深く)することも考えられるが、上述したように既存の原子炉圧力容器等の場合、その補修部位によっては予熱を施すことが不可能な場合が多く、硬化域を確実に除去することは困難であった。
【0008】
そこで、本発明はこのような課題を有効に解決するために案出されたものであり、その目的は、予熱を行うことなく母材中の硬化域の焼き戻しを容易かつ確実に行うことができる新規なテンパービード工法を提供するものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために本発明は、初層上に複数回の残層を重ねて溶接し、その残層の溶接熱によって初層で生じた母材側の硬化域を焼き戻して消滅するようにしたテンパービード工法において、上記各残層を形成する溶接ワイヤーの供給量を溶接速度の変化に対応して変化させて上記硬化域を徐々に焼き戻すようにしたものである。
【0010】
これによって、入熱を増やすために各残層の溶接速度を遅くしても溶接ビードの高さが必要以上に高くならないため、焼き戻し域幅を広く維持することができる。その結果、予熱を行うことなく残層の溶接熱のみによって効果的に硬化域の焼き戻しが行われる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明を実施する好適一形態を添付図面を参照しながら説明する。
【0012】
図1は本発明方法に係るテンパービード工法の実施の一形態を示したものであり、図中1は、例えば原子炉圧力容器の外殻を構成する低合金高張力鋼等からなる母材、2はTIG溶接機のタングステン電極、3は送りローラ4によって自動供給される溶接ワイヤー、5は母材1と電極2間に溶接電流を供給すると共に、送りローラ4の送り速度を制御する制御部である。
【0013】
本発明に係るテンパービード工法は、先ず、図1(1)に示すように、母材1表面の補修端部から一定の速度で電極2及び溶接ワイヤ3を移動させて補修部表面に一定のビード高さの初層を形成する。すると、この溶接熱の影響によって母材1内に硬化域が発生し、この硬化域はそのボンドを中心としてその周囲の母材1内に一定の幅及び深さで広がるように形成される。次に、図1(2)に示すように、この初層上に同じTIG溶接機を用いて第2層を形成した後、さらに(3),(4)に示すように第3層,第4層と順次残層を重ねて形成する。これによって、残層の溶接熱(約600〜900℃の温度範囲)が硬化域に達して焼き戻しが行われ、その硬化域が遠方からボイド側に順次段階的に消滅することになる。
【0014】
このとき、上述したように硬化域の焼き戻し効果を得るために制御部5によって溶接電流を高くすると共に溶接速度を初層時よりも遅くして母材1への溶接熱の入熱を初層よりも高くする必要がある。
【0015】
ところが、この場合、溶接ワイヤー3の供給量を変化させずに初層と同じ供給量であると、溶接速度が遅くなった分、ビード高さが初層以上に高くなって溶接熱による焼き戻し域幅が狭く(浅く)なってしまい、その結果、前述したように硬化域の一部が焼き戻しされずにそのまま母材中に残存するといった結果を招く。
【0016】
そのため、本発明方法は、第2層以降の残層を溶接するに際して溶接速度を遅くするのに伴って送りローラ4による送り速度を遅くすることで溶接ワイヤー3の供給量を減少させて、ビード高さが高くなるのを未然に抑制するようにしたものである。これによって、第2層以降からの入熱が十分に確保されて焼き戻し域幅が広くなるため、焼き戻し域幅を広くするための予熱を行うことなく、第2層以降の残層の溶接熱のみによって硬化域全体を効果的に焼き戻して除去消滅させることが可能となる。
【0017】
そして、以上の技術思想に基づき、通常のインコネルを用いて自動TIG溶接でφ1.2mmストランドワイヤを用い、初層の溶接速度を10cm/min,第2層以降の残層の溶接速度を8cm/minとすると共に、ワイヤー供給量を初層50cm/min,残層40cm/minとして、それぞれ溶接速度に応じてワイヤー供給量を低下させて実際に母材表面に溶接を行った結果、残層のビード高さが初層よりも低くなって残層からの入熱が多くなり、安定した焼き戻し効果を得ることができた。また、この時の溶着面積(溶接ワイヤーの断面積(mm 2 ) ×(ワイヤー供給量(cm/min)/溶接速度(cm/min)))は3.3〜5.5の範囲であれば、予熱を実施することなく確実にテンパービード工法が成立することもわかった。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
以上要するに本発明によれば、溶接速度に応じて溶接ワイヤーの供給量を変化させるようにしたことから、残層のビード高さが高くなるのを抑制することができる。この結果、残層の入熱による焼き戻し域幅が狭くならないため、母材に対する予熱を実施することなく硬化域に対して優れた焼き戻し効果を発揮することができる。従って、既存の原子炉圧力容器等といった、予熱は困難な構造物であっても、容易かつ確実にテンパービード工法による溶接補修作業を実施することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係るテンパービード工法の実施の一形態を示す工程図である。
【図2】従来のテンパービード工法の原理を示す概念図である。
【図3】従来のテンパービード工法による失敗例を示す概念図である。
【符号の説明】
1 母材
2 電極
3 溶接ワイヤー
4 送りローラ
5 制御部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a temper bead method employed for repairing a steel structure such as a reactor pressure vessel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, reactor pressure vessels that require extremely high safety are regularly subjected to nondestructive inspections, etc., and if there are very few cracks or defects found on the surface of the base metal, immediately Repair is to be done.
[0003]
As a method for repairing such cracks and defects, the surface layer of the base material is scraped with a grinder and the like to mechanically remove the cracks and defects, and then a new metal is built up on the surface using a TIG welding machine or the like. The method of welding and processing to the same level is common, but in the case of existing reactor pressure vessels etc., there is a limit in the repair period and heat treatment after repair, so welding called the temper bead method Application of repair method is under consideration.
[0004]
In this temper bead method, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, after a first layer is welded to the surface of a base material using a predetermined welding wire, a plurality of (4 to 6 layers) remaining layers are again stacked on the first layer. The remaining layer is welded with the base material heat-affected zone (hardened zone) generated in the first layer being superimposed on the first layer and welding is performed on the removed part By tempering with welding heat (temperature range of about 600 to 900 ° C.), the hardened area generated in the base material is removed and the repaired part is strengthened.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in this temper bead method, in order to enhance the tempering effect, it is necessary to make the heat input of the remaining layer higher than that of the first layer. For this purpose, it is necessary to increase the welding current and simultaneously reduce the welding speed.
[0006]
However, when the welding speed is lowered, the bead height of the remaining layer is increased and the tempering zone width is narrowed (shallow), and as a result, a part of the hardening zone is not tempered as shown in FIG. There is a problem that it remains in the base material.
[0007]
Therefore, it is conceivable to always preheat this base material to a certain temperature to widen (deep) the tempering zone width. However, as described above, in the case of an existing reactor pressure vessel, etc. In many cases, it is impossible to perform preheating, and it has been difficult to reliably remove the cured region.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention has been devised in order to effectively solve such problems, and its purpose is to easily and reliably temper the hardened zone in the base material without preheating. It provides a new temper bead method.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention welds a plurality of remaining layers on the first layer and welds them, tempering the hardened area on the base material generated in the first layer by the welding heat of the remaining layer and extinguishing it. In the temper bead construction method as described above, the supply amount of the welding wire forming each of the remaining layers is changed in accordance with the change in the welding speed so that the hardening region is gradually tempered.
[0010]
Thereby, even if the welding speed of each remaining layer is decreased in order to increase the heat input, the height of the weld bead does not become higher than necessary, so that the tempering zone width can be kept wide. As a result, the hardened zone is effectively tempered only by the welding heat of the remaining layer without preheating.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, a preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a temper bead method according to the method of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a base material made of, for example, low alloy high-strength steel constituting the outer shell of a reactor pressure vessel, 2 is a tungsten electrode of a TIG welding machine, 3 is a welding wire automatically supplied by a feed roller 4, and 5 is a control unit that supplies a welding current between the base material 1 and the electrode 2 and controls the feed speed of the feed roller 4. It is.
[0013]
In the temper bead method according to the present invention, first, as shown in FIG. 1 (1), the electrode 2 and the welding wire 3 are moved at a constant speed from the repair end portion on the surface of the base material 1 so as to be fixed on the repair portion surface. Form the first layer of bead height. Then, a hardened region is generated in the base material 1 due to the influence of the welding heat, and this hardened region is formed so as to spread with a certain width and depth around the bond in the surrounding base material 1. Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (2), after the second layer is formed on the first layer using the same TIG welder, the third layer and the second layer are further formed as shown in (3) and (4). Four layers and the remaining layers are sequentially stacked. As a result, the welding heat of the remaining layer (temperature range of about 600 to 900 ° C.) reaches the hardening region and tempering is performed, and the hardening region disappears stepwise from the far side to the void side.
[0014]
At this time, as described above, in order to obtain the tempering effect of the hardened zone, the control unit 5 increases the welding current and lowers the welding speed from the time of the first layer so that the heat input of the welding heat to the base material 1 is started. Need to be higher than the layer.
[0015]
However, in this case, if the supply amount of the welding wire 3 is the same as that of the first layer without changing the supply amount, the bead height becomes higher than that of the first layer and the tempering by the welding heat is increased because the welding speed is slow. As a result, the area width becomes narrow (shallow), and as a result, a part of the cured area remains in the base material as it is without being tempered.
[0016]
Therefore, the method of the present invention reduces the supply amount of the welding wire 3 by reducing the feed rate by the feed roller 4 as the welding speed is slowed when welding the remaining layers after the second layer. It is intended to prevent the height from increasing. As a result, heat input from the second layer and beyond is sufficiently secured and the tempering zone width is widened, so that the remaining layers after the second layer are welded without preheating to widen the tempering zone width. It becomes possible to effectively temper the entire hardened zone only by heat and remove and extinguish it.
[0017]
Based on the above technical idea, φ1.2 mm strand wire is used in automatic TIG welding using normal Inconel, the welding speed of the first layer is 10 cm / min, and the welding speed of the remaining layers after the second layer is 8 cm / min. As a result of performing welding on the surface of the base material by actually reducing the wire supply amount according to the welding speed and setting the wire supply rate to 50 cm / min for the initial layer and 40 cm / min for the remaining layer, respectively. The bead height was lower than that of the first layer, and the heat input from the remaining layer increased, and a stable tempering effect could be obtained. Further, the welding area at this time (cross-sectional area of welding wire (mm 2 ) × (wire supply amount (cm / min) / welding speed (cm / min))) is in the range of 3.3 to 5.5. It was also found that the temper bead method was established without any preheating.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, since the supply amount of the welding wire is changed according to the welding speed, it is possible to suppress an increase in the bead height of the remaining layer. As a result, the width of the tempering zone due to the heat input of the remaining layer is not narrowed, so that an excellent tempering effect can be exerted on the hardened zone without preheating the base material. Therefore, even for a structure that is difficult to preheat, such as an existing reactor pressure vessel, it is possible to easily and reliably carry out welding repair work by the temper bead method.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an embodiment of a temper bead method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of a conventional temper bead method.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of failure by a conventional temper bead method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Base material 2 Electrode 3 Welding wire 4 Feeding roller 5 Control unit

Claims (2)

初層上に残層を複数回重ねて溶接し、各残層の溶接熱によって初層で生じた母材側の硬化域を焼き戻して消滅するようにしたテンパービード工法において、上記各残層を形成する溶接ワイヤーの供給量を溶接速度の変化に応じて変化させて上記硬化域を徐々に焼き戻すようにしたことを特徴とするテンパービード工法。In the temper bead method in which the residual layer is welded by overlapping the first layer a plurality of times, and the hardened area on the base material side generated in the first layer is tempered by the welding heat of each residual layer, A temper bead method characterized by gradually tempering the hardened zone by changing the supply amount of the welding wire forming the wire according to the change of the welding speed. 溶着面積(溶接ワイヤの断面積(mm 2 ) ×(ワイヤ供給量(cm/min)/溶接速度(cm/min)))を3.3〜5.5の範囲に設定したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のテンパービード工法。The welding area (cross-sectional area of welding wire (mm 2 ) × (wire supply amount (cm / min) / welding speed (cm / min))) is set in the range of 3.3 to 5.5. The temper bead method according to claim 1.
JP08007899A 1999-03-24 1999-03-24 Temper bead method Expired - Lifetime JP3970469B2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4331388B2 (en) * 2000-08-09 2009-09-16 新日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 Overlay repair welding method
DE102006021755A1 (en) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Edag Engineering + Design Ag Energy beam soldering or welding of components
JP2008036682A (en) * 2006-08-08 2008-02-21 Toshiba Corp Method of repairing nuclear reactor structure
JP2010131639A (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Clad welding method
JP5787496B2 (en) * 2010-07-30 2015-09-30 三菱重工業株式会社 Repair method for nozzle
JP6021467B2 (en) * 2012-06-26 2016-11-09 三菱重工業株式会社 Welding method, metal member repair method and pedestal forming method
KR102326108B1 (en) * 2020-11-18 2021-11-16 주식회사 포스코 Method of forming weld joint in super austenite stainless steel

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