JP3835940B2 - Lightning intrusion protection device in low voltage distribution system. - Google Patents
Lightning intrusion protection device in low voltage distribution system. Download PDFInfo
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- JP3835940B2 JP3835940B2 JP29777998A JP29777998A JP3835940B2 JP 3835940 B2 JP3835940 B2 JP 3835940B2 JP 29777998 A JP29777998 A JP 29777998A JP 29777998 A JP29777998 A JP 29777998A JP 3835940 B2 JP3835940 B2 JP 3835940B2
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、低圧配電線に設置され、雷サージが引き起こす絶縁破壊や焼損事故等の保護防止対策として使用される雷侵入保護装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
配電系統における高圧配電線に対し雷サージが引き起こす被害は、酸化亜鉛素子を内蔵した避雷器の普及に伴い、放電クランプフラッシオーバによる変電所トリップによる瞬時停電を除いて、急激に減少している。
そして、この高圧配電線に設置されている避雷器は、発生した雷サージ電圧が一定値以上になると動作し、雷サージ電流を中性線(接地相)に流して大地へ放流することで、配電線や各種配電機器等を保護している。
【0003】
一方、高圧配電線から柱上変圧器、低圧配電線を介して分岐された末端の需要家側においては、高度情報化を背景とした各種OA機器、電化製品、電気機器等の普及、高密度実装化により、これらの重要性は増大する一途であるが、通信線やアンテナを介して雷サージに曝される危険が増加する傾向にある。
従って、雷サージの侵入から需要家側負荷を保護するため、各学会や各団体で各種対策の検討、立案が進められている。
【0004】
その一つとして、図4に示すような「バイパスアレスタ」法と称する対策案が、主に電気通信会社及び電力会社によって共同提案されている。
この方法は、需要家59の引込線55の中性線(接地相)から通信線58を含む範囲の所定箇所に避雷器56を設置して共通接地線57を設け、雷サージを迂回させるものであり、共通接地線57と柱上変圧器53及び低圧配電線54の中性線(接地相)とを接続することにより、雷サージ電流を大地へ放流する一つのシステムを構築するものである。そして、このシステムを基本として更に改良・発展を図った対策案が生まれ、一部で実用化試験が行われている。なお、51は高圧配電線、52は高圧避雷器である。
上述した「バイパスアレスタ」法を改良・発展させたものは特にドイツで一般に普及しており、我が国でも電力会社の推奨案として採用が検討されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、上述した「バイパスアレスタ法」が需要家側で広範囲に実施されると、需要家側の共通接地線57の接地インピーダンスと柱上変圧器53のB種接地の接地インピーダンスとの差異により、需要家59側から低圧配電線54の中性線(接地相)側に雷サージ電流が逆流する現象が発生しやすくなる。
【0006】
すなわち、図5に示すように、需要家59側の共通接地線57は、家屋用接地であるため比較的高インピーダンスにならざるを得ず、接地電位が上昇して接地インピーダンスの低い柱上変圧器53側へ雷サージ電流が流れる。その際、コンクリート柱等の電柱60に架設されている低圧配電線54において、電柱60が低接地インピーダンスのため低圧用引留碍子61から電柱60に対してフラッシオーバが発生し、絶縁破壊や焼損事故を起こすおそれがある。更に、これらの現象は多相フラッシオーバに発展して相間短絡に至る危険を内包している。
【0007】
つまり、「バイパスアレスタ法」では、高圧配電線及び需要家側に雷サージを抑制するべく避雷器等の保護装置を設置した結果、高圧配電線と需要家との間の低圧配電線が双方から雷サージの影響を受けやすくなり、最弱点部として露呈してしまうことになる。
また、需要家側の共通接地線の接地インピーダンスを最適値にするための接地工事は、需要家数や各家屋形態が異なるので極めて困難である。
【0008】
そこで本発明は、高圧配電線、柱上変圧器、低圧配電線から引込線を介して需要家に至る低圧配電系統において、雷サージ電流の最弱点と言える低圧配電線に比較的簡易な構成を付加することで、低圧配電系統の保護機能を高めた雷侵入保護装置を提供しようとするものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、請求項1記載の発明は、高圧配電線に接続された柱上変圧器から低圧配電線が分岐され、この低圧配電線から引込線を介して需要家に電力が供給されるとともに、柱上変圧器側で接地されている低圧配電線中性線に接続された引込線中性線と需要家に接続された通信線とが、避雷器を介して共通接地線に接続されてなる低圧配電系統において、電柱に架設された低圧配電線の電位線と中性線及び電柱接地線との間に、雷サージ電流を大地に放流させるための雷サージ保護素子をそれぞれ接続したものである。
【0010】
また、請求項2記載の発明は、高圧配電線に接続された柱上変圧器から低圧配電線が分岐され、この低圧配電線から引込線を介して需要家に電力が供給されるとともに、柱上変圧器側で接地されている低圧配電線中性線に接続された引込線中性線と需要家に接続された通信線とが、避雷器を介して共通接地線に接続されてなる低圧配電系統において、電柱に架設された低圧配電線の電位線と中性線及び電柱接地線との間に、これらの電位線、中性線及び電柱接地線にそれぞれ接続されて相互間にギャップを保有させた電極とこれらの電極を包囲する消弧室とを有するアーク限流手段を設けたものである。
【0011】
なお、請求項3に記載するように、請求項1記載の雷サージ保護素子または請求項2記載のアーク限流手段を、筐体内に一括して収納することが望ましい。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図に沿って本発明の実施形態を説明する。
先ず、図1は本発明の一実施形態の使用状態を示しており、本発明にかかる雷侵入保護装置10を100/200V単相三線式の架空低圧配電系統に適用した場合のものである。ここで、本発明は200V三相三線式の各種低圧配電系統にも適用可能である。
【0013】
この雷侵入保護装置10は、コンクリート柱等の電柱60に低圧用引留碍子61を介して架設された低圧配電線54の電位線(電圧相)54a,54bと、電柱接地線62に接続された中性線(接地相)54cとの間に、絶縁ケーブル14を介して接続される。
雷侵入保護装置10としては、図2に示すように雷サージ保護素子による雷サージ電流の放流作用を利用した例や、図3に示すようにアーク限流作用を利用した例が考えられる。
【0014】
まず、図2に示す雷侵入保護装置10Aは、電位線(電圧相)54a,54bと中性線(接地相)54c及び電柱接地線62との間に絶縁ケーブル14を介して接続される雷サージ保護素子11,12を、筐体16の内部に一括収納して構成されている。
これらの保護素子11,12は、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)を複合成分としたセラミックや酸化亜鉛素子と避雷管とを組み合わせた構成からなり、これらを筐体16の内部に一括収納するほか、保護素子11,12を耐候性に優れた絶縁樹脂等によって一体成形しても良い。
【0015】
その動作としては、落雷時に雷サージが低圧配電線54に侵入し、電位線54a,54bの電位が所定値にまで上昇すると、雷サージ保護素子11,12が動作して雷サージ電流を電柱接地線62から大地へ放流させる。
これにより、従来のごとく電位線54a,54bから低圧用引留碍子を介し電柱にフラッシオーバを生じるおそれもなく、絶縁破壊や焼損事故等の発生を未然に防止することができる。
【0016】
次に、図3に示す雷侵入保護装置10Bはアーク限流作用を利用するもので、電位線54a,54bと、電柱接地線62に接続された中性線54cとにそれぞれ接続されて筐体16を貫通する絶縁ケーブル14a,14b,14cを有し、これらの絶縁ケーブル14a,14b,14cの先端に形成された針状電極15が筐体16内部の消弧室17においてギャップ18を介し同一平面上で対向配置されている。
前記筐体16はポリアセタール等の樹脂によって形成されており、針状電極15の間でアークが発生するとその熱により不活性ガスを発生するものである。
上記構成において、針状電極15、筐体16、消弧室17、ギャップ18等は請求項2におけるアーク限流手段を構成している。
【0017】
低圧配電線54に雷サージが発生すると、電位線54a,54bまたは電柱接地線62に接続された中性線54cの針状電極15の相互間でフラッシオーバ及びアークが発生し、雷サージによる電位の上昇を抑制する。その後、瞬時のうちにアークの熱によって針状電極15の先端部が溶解し、ギャップ18の長さの拡大、それによるアーク抵抗の増加、更には筐体16からの不活性ガスの発生により、アーク続流が遮断される。
【0018】
なお、図示されていないが、筐体16の一部には肉厚の薄い弱点部が設けられており、消弧室17内の気体が加熱されて高圧になったときに前記弱点部が破壊されて消弧室17の内圧を一気に放圧する構造となっている。この放圧に伴う強い気流がアークの消弧作用を一層促進し、アーク続流は確実に遮断されることになる。
【0019】
このため、雷サージ侵入時に、電位線54a,54bの電位上昇がアーク発生により何れも一定値以下に抑制され、その後、引き続いてアーク続流が遮断される。
また、この実施形態では、針状電極15間のギャップ18の長さを調整することで、抑制するべき雷サージ電圧を任意の値に設定することが可能である。
【0020】
更に、図2、図3の何れの例でも、雷サージ保護素子11,12や針状電極15等を筐体16の内部に一括して収納し、その全体を一体的に形成するとともに、絶縁ケーブル14または14a〜14cを引き出して低圧配電線に接続するような簡単な構造としたので、足場の悪い電柱上でも安全かつ容易に工事を行うことができる。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明によれば、雷サージ侵入時の最弱点部とも言える低圧配電線の電柱架設部に、構造が極めて簡単で設置、接続が容易な雷侵入保護装置を取り付けるだけで、益々重要性を増している低圧需要家の負荷を保護しながら配電系統全体における雷侵入保護性能を安定化させ、信頼性を向上させるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態の使用状態を示す図である。
【図2】図1における雷侵入保護装置の概略構成図である。
【図3】図1における雷侵入保護装置の概略構成図である。
【図4】従来技術としてのバイパスアレスタ法の説明図である。
【図5】バイパスアレスタ法の問題点の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
10,10A,10B 雷侵入保護装置
11,12 雷サージ保護素子
14,14a,14b,14c 絶縁ケーブル
15 針状電極
16 筐体
17 消弧室
18 ギャップ
54 低圧配電線
54a,54b 電位線(電圧相)
54c 中性線(接地相)
60 電柱
61 低圧用引留碍子
62 電柱接地線[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lightning intrusion protection device that is installed in a low-voltage distribution line and is used as a protective measure against insulation breakdown or burning accident caused by a lightning surge.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The damage caused by lightning surges on high-voltage distribution lines in the distribution system has decreased rapidly with the spread of lightning arresters with built-in zinc oxide elements, except for instantaneous power outages due to substation trips caused by discharge clamp flashovers.
The lightning arrester installed in this high-voltage distribution line operates when the generated lightning surge voltage exceeds a certain value, and distributes the lightning surge current through the neutral line (ground phase) and discharges it to the ground. Protects electric wires and various power distribution devices.
[0003]
On the other hand, on the end customer side branched from high-voltage distribution lines via pole transformers and low-voltage distribution lines, various office automation equipment, electrical appliances, electrical devices, etc. are spreading and high density due to advanced information technology. Although the importance of these increases with the implementation, the risk of exposure to lightning surges via communication lines and antennas tends to increase.
Therefore, in order to protect the consumer side load from the invasion of lightning surges, various societies and organizations are examining and planning various measures.
[0004]
As one of them, a countermeasure plan called “bypass arrester” method as shown in FIG. 4 is jointly proposed mainly by a telecommunications company and a power company.
In this method, a
Improvements and developments of the “Bypass Arrester” method described above are in widespread use, especially in Germany, and are also being considered for use as a recommendation by electric power companies in Japan.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the above-mentioned “bypass arrester method” is widely implemented on the consumer side, due to the difference between the ground impedance of the common ground line 57 on the consumer side and the ground impedance of the class B ground of the pole transformer 53, A phenomenon in which lightning surge current flows backward from the
[0006]
That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the common ground line 57 on the
[0007]
In other words, in the “bypass arrester method”, as a result of installing protective devices such as lightning arresters to suppress lightning surges on the high-voltage distribution line and the customer side, the low-voltage distribution line between the high-voltage distribution line and the consumer is lightning from both sides. It becomes easy to be affected by the surge and exposed as the weakest point.
Also, grounding work for optimizing the ground impedance of the common ground line on the customer side is extremely difficult because the number of customers and the form of each house are different.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention adds a relatively simple configuration to the low voltage distribution line that can be said to be the weakest point of lightning surge current in the high voltage distribution line, pole transformer, and low voltage distribution system from the low voltage distribution line to the customer via the lead-in line. By doing so, it is intended to provide a lightning intrusion protection device with an enhanced protection function for the low voltage distribution system.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the invention described in claim 1, a low-voltage distribution line is branched from a pole transformer connected to a high-voltage distribution line, and electric power is supplied from the low-voltage distribution line to a consumer via a lead-in line. In addition, the lead-in wire neutral wire connected to the neutral wire of the low-voltage distribution line grounded on the pole transformer side and the communication wire connected to the customer are connected to the common ground wire via the lightning arrester. In the low-voltage distribution system, a lightning surge protection element for discharging lightning surge current to the ground is connected between the potential line of the low-voltage distribution line installed on the utility pole, the neutral line, and the utility pole ground line. is there.
[0010]
In the invention according to claim 2, the low-voltage distribution line is branched from the pole transformer connected to the high-voltage distribution line, and electric power is supplied from the low-voltage distribution line to the consumer via the lead-in line. In the low-voltage distribution system in which the lead-in wire neutral wire connected to the low-voltage distribution wire neutral wire grounded on the transformer side and the communication wire connected to the customer are connected to the common ground wire via a lightning arrester Between the potential line of the low-voltage distribution line installed on the utility pole, the neutral line, and the utility pole ground line, the potential line, the neutral line, and the utility pole ground line are connected to each other so that a gap is held between them. An arc current limiting means having an electrode and an arc extinguishing chamber surrounding these electrodes is provided.
[0011]
In addition, as described in claim 3, it is desirable that the lightning surge protection element according to claim 1 or the arc current limiting means according to claim 2 be collectively stored in a housing.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, FIG. 1 shows a use state of an embodiment of the present invention, which is a case where a lightning intrusion protection device 10 according to the present invention is applied to a 100/200 V single-phase three-wire overhead low voltage distribution system. Here, the present invention can also be applied to various low-voltage distribution systems of 200V three-phase three-wire system.
[0013]
This lightning intrusion protection device 10 is connected to a potential pole (voltage phase) 54a, 54b of a low-voltage distribution line 54 installed on a utility pole 60 such as a concrete pole via a low-
Examples of the lightning intrusion protection device 10 include an example using a discharge action of a lightning surge current by a lightning surge protection element as shown in FIG. 2, and an example using an arc current limiting action as shown in FIG.
[0014]
First, the lightning intrusion protection device 10A shown in FIG. 2 is connected to the potential lines (voltage phase) 54a, 54b, the neutral line (ground phase) 54c, and the utility pole ground line 62 via the
These protective elements 11 and 12 are composed of a combination of a ceramic containing zinc oxide (ZnO) as a composite component, a zinc oxide element, and a lightning arrester. 11 and 12 may be integrally formed of an insulating resin having excellent weather resistance.
[0015]
As the operation, when a lightning surge enters the low-voltage distribution line 54 during a lightning strike and the potentials of the potential lines 54a and 54b rise to a predetermined value, the lightning surge protection elements 11 and 12 are operated to ground the lightning surge current to the utility pole. Release from line 62 to ground.
As a result, there is no risk of flashover occurring on the utility pole from the potential lines 54a and 54b via the low-voltage retaining insulator as in the prior art, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of dielectric breakdown or burnout accidents.
[0016]
Next, the lightning intrusion protection device 10B shown in FIG. 3 utilizes an arc current limiting action, and is connected to the potential lines 54a and 54b and the neutral line 54c connected to the utility pole ground line 62, respectively. Insulating cables 14 a, 14 b, 14 c that penetrate 16, and the needle electrodes 15 formed at the tips of these insulating cables 14 a, 14 b, 14 c are the same in the arc extinguishing chamber 17 inside the housing 16 via the gap 18. Oppositely arranged on a plane.
The casing 16 is formed of a resin such as polyacetal, and generates an inert gas by heat when an arc is generated between the needle electrodes 15.
In the above configuration, the needle electrode 15, the casing 16, the arc extinguishing chamber 17, the gap 18 and the like constitute the arc current limiting means in claim 2.
[0017]
When a lightning surge is generated in the low-voltage distribution line 54, a flashover and an arc are generated between the needle-like electrodes 15 of the neutral wire 54c connected to the potential lines 54a and 54b or the utility pole grounding wire 62, and the potential due to the lightning surge is generated. Suppresses the rise. Thereafter, the tip of the needle-like electrode 15 is melted instantaneously by the heat of the arc, and the length of the gap 18 is increased, resulting in an increase in arc resistance, and further generation of inert gas from the housing 16, The arc continuity is interrupted.
[0018]
Although not shown in the figure, a thin weak portion is provided in a part of the housing 16 and the weak portion is destroyed when the gas in the arc extinguishing chamber 17 is heated to a high pressure. Thus, the internal pressure of the arc extinguishing chamber 17 is released at once. The strong air flow accompanying this pressure release further promotes the arc extinguishing action, and the arc continuity is reliably interrupted.
[0019]
For this reason, at the time of lightning surge intrusion, the potential rise of the potential lines 54a and 54b is suppressed to a certain value or less due to the occurrence of an arc, and thereafter the arc continuity is interrupted.
Moreover, in this embodiment, it is possible to set the lightning surge voltage which should be suppressed to arbitrary values by adjusting the length of the gap 18 between the acicular electrodes 15.
[0020]
Further, in any of the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, the lightning surge protection elements 11 and 12 and the needle-like electrode 15 and the like are collectively housed in the housing 16, and the whole is integrally formed and insulated. Since the structure is such that the
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by installing a lightning intrusion protection device that is extremely simple in structure and easy to connect to the utility pole erection part of the low-voltage distribution line that can be said to be the weakest point at the time of lightning surge intrusion, While protecting the load of low-voltage customers, which are increasing in importance, it stabilizes the lightning intrusion protection performance of the entire distribution system and improves the reliability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a use state of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the lightning intrusion protection device in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the lightning intrusion protection device in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a bypass arrester method as a prior art.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of problems of the bypass arrester method.
[Explanation of symbols]
10, 10A, 10B Lightning intrusion protection device 11, 12 Lightning
54c Neutral wire (ground phase)
60
Claims (3)
電柱に架設された低圧配電線の電位線と中性線及び電柱接地線との間に、雷サージ電流を大地に放流させるための雷サージ保護素子をそれぞれ接続したことを特徴とする低圧配電系統における雷侵入保護装置。The low-voltage distribution line is branched from the pole transformer connected to the high-voltage distribution line, and power is supplied from the low-voltage distribution line to the customer via the service line, and the low-voltage distribution line grounded on the pole transformer side. In the low-voltage distribution system in which the lead-in wire neutral wire connected to the wire neutral wire and the communication wire connected to the customer are connected to the common ground wire via a lightning arrester ,
A low-voltage distribution system characterized by connecting a lightning surge protection element to discharge lightning surge current to the ground between the potential line of the low-voltage distribution line installed on the utility pole, the neutral line, and the utility pole ground line Lightning intrusion protection device.
電柱に架設された低圧配電線の電位線と中性線及び電柱接地線との間に、これらの電位線、中性線及び電柱接地線にそれぞれ接続されて相互間にギャップを保有させた電極とこれらの電極を包囲する消弧室とを有するアーク限流手段を設けたことを特徴とする低圧配電系統における雷侵入保護装置。The low-voltage distribution line is branched from the pole transformer connected to the high-voltage distribution line, and power is supplied from the low-voltage distribution line to the customer via the service line, and the low-voltage distribution line grounded on the pole transformer side. In the low-voltage distribution system in which the lead-in wire neutral wire connected to the wire neutral wire and the communication wire connected to the customer are connected to the common ground wire via a lightning arrester ,
An electrode connected between the potential line of the low-voltage distribution line installed on the utility pole , the neutral line, and the utility pole grounding line, and connected to these potential line, neutral line, and utility pole grounding line, and having a gap between them. And a lightning intrusion protection device in a low-voltage distribution system, characterized in that an arc current limiting means having an arc extinguishing chamber surrounding these electrodes is provided.
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JP29777998A JP3835940B2 (en) | 1998-10-20 | 1998-10-20 | Lightning intrusion protection device in low voltage distribution system. |
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JP29777998A JP3835940B2 (en) | 1998-10-20 | 1998-10-20 | Lightning intrusion protection device in low voltage distribution system. |
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JP3835940B2 true JP3835940B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
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JP4945472B2 (en) * | 2008-02-06 | 2012-06-06 | 北陸電力株式会社 | Lightning break protection method for single-phase distribution lines |
JP2013198250A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-30 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone East Corp | Lightning protection method |
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