JP3812634B2 - Road map display device - Google Patents

Description

ただし、ｋ₁ ＝ｂ・Ｌ ｋ₂ ＝ａ・Ｌ ｋ₃ ＝（ｂ−ａ）
により求められる。また、Ｘ座標値ｓｘは、台形の下辺の長さｂから台形の上下辺の長さの差（ｂ−ａ）にＹ座標値を乗じて台形の縦の長さＬで除した値（ｂ−ａ）ｓｙ／Ｌを減じ、矩形のＸ方向の長さｇに対するＸ座標値の比を乗じて、つまり、
〔数５〕

ただし、ｋ₄ ＝ｇ ｋ₅ ＝ｂ ｋ₆ ＝（ｂ−ａ）／Ｌ
により求められる。
【００２３】
以下に、まずＹ座標の変換について説明する。図２（Ａ）において斜めの直線の式は、
〔数６〕

で表される。そこで、この斜めの直線が変換後も直線として保たれるように、且つＸ座標が等分割となるように変換後の地図を仮定し、この直線ともう１つの２次元地図データにおけるＸ座標値が一定の直線により図２（Ｂ）に示すメッシュの三角形を考える。これらは相似となるので、それぞれの三角形の辺の長さの比率を考える。まず、三角形の縦の長さの比が（Ｌ−ｓｙ）：ｓｙとなる。これに対し、三角形の底辺の長さは、上辺がａ−Ｘａ／ｇ、下辺がｂ＋Ｘｂ／ｇとなる。したがって、相似三角形の辺の長さの比が等しいことから、
〔数７〕
（Ｌ−ｓｙ）：ｓｙ＝（ａ−Ｘａ／ｇ）：（ｂ＋Ｘｂ／ｇ）
となる。この〔数７〕と上記〔数６〕からＸを消去すると、〔数４〕が求められる。また、上辺ａ、下辺ｂに変換される固定値ｇのＸ座標値を縦の長さｓｙに対応させると、（ｂ−ａ）ｓｙ／Ｌとなるから、任意のＸ座標値では、ｇとＸとの比を乗じることにより〔数５〕が求められる。
【００２４】
次に、ビル等の立体的な建造物について同様に台形変換を用いた２次元的な座標変換により立体的に表示する場合について説明する。例えばビルは、階数ｎのデータを有するときには、平均的な階高ｈを階数ｎに乗じてｎ×ｈ＝Ｈとして高さを求め、また、階数ｎではなく、タワーのように全体としての高さＨのデータを有するときにはその高さＨに基づき座標変換を行う。Ｙ座標値ｓｙにおける高さＨのＹ座標値ｓｙ′への座標変換は、２次元平面上で変換されたＸ座標値ｓｘとＹ座標値ｓｙの上に例えば〔数８〕を用いてＹ座標値の加算値ΔＹを求めることにより行うことができる。
【００２５】
〔数８〕

ただし、ｋ₇ ＝（ｂ−ａ）／ｂ・Ｌ＝ｋ₃ ／ｋ₁
したがって、図３（Ａ）に示すように（ｓｘ１，ｓｙ１）の地点で高さＨの建物の頂点座標値は、
〔数９〕
（ｓｘ１，ｓｙ１＋ΔＹ）
＝｛ｓｘ１，ｓｙ１＋（１−ｋ₇ ｓｙ）Ｈ｝
となり、このようにして変換した各座標を線で結び、枠内を所定の色で塗りつぶし、奥の方から順にこの処理を行って重ね書きすることにより、図３（Ｂ）に示すような表示を行うことができる。
【００２６】
上記のように台形変換パラメータとして、ａ，ｂ，ｇ，Ｌから、或いはこれらからｋ₁ 〜ｋ₇ を算出して、これらと座標値（Ｘ、Ｙ）、高さｈから立体的な建造物についての台形変換を簡単な加減乗除の計算により実行することができる。
【００２７】
また、上記〔数５〕では、Ｐ（Ｘ，Ｙ）からＰ′（Ｘ，ｓｙ）とした後、そのｓｙを用いてＰ１（ｓｘ，ｓｙ）を求めたが、ｓｙを用いずＸ，Ｙの座標値からｓｘを求めてもよい。例えば、〔数５〕において、ｓｙにＹを用いｓｘ′を求めると、Ｐ（Ｘ，Ｙ）は、図２（Ｂ）に示すＰ１′（ｓｘ′，ｓｙ）に変換されて台形から膨らむので、座標変換した結果はお椀形状になる。
【００２８】
次に、本発明の地図表示装置を備えた車両用ナビゲーション装置の例を説明する。図４は情報記憶装置に格納された主要なデータファイルの構成例を示す図、図５は現在位置中心の地図の表示処理の例を説明するための図である。
【００２９】
案内道路データファイルは、図４（Ａ）に示すように、道路数ｎのそれぞれに対して、道路番号、長さ、道路属性データ、形状データのアドレス、サイズおよび案内データのアドレス、サイズの各データからなり、経路探索部により経路を算出し経路案内を行うために必要なデータとして格納される。道路番号は、分岐点間の道路毎に方向（往路、復路）別に設定されている。道路属性データは、道路案内補助情報データであり、形状データは、図４（Ｂ）に示すように、各道路の複数のノード（節）で分割したとき、ノード数ｍのそれぞれに対して東経、北緯からなる座標データを有している。案内データは、図４（Ｃ）に示すように、交差点（または分岐点）名称、信号機データ、ランドマークデータ、注意点データ、道路名称データ、道路名称音声データ、行き先データのアドレス、サイズの各データからなる。
【００３０】
車両用ナビゲーション装置では、中央処理装置４により、まずイニシャライズ処理を行ってＣＤ−ＲＯＭからナビゲーションプログラムを読み出し、フラッシュメモリに格納して起動すると、現在位置検出装置２により現在位置を検出する処理を行い、現在位置を中心としてその周辺地図を表示すると共に、現在位置の名称等を表示する。次に、電話番号や住所、施設名称、登録地点等を用いて目的地を設定する処理を行い、現在位置から目的地までの経路探索処理を行う。この経路探索の結果、目的地に到着するまでの経路は、案内する道路番号を並べた案内道路番号データとして設定される。経路が決まると、現在位置検出装置２による現在位置追跡を行いながら、目的地に到着するまで経路案内の表示出力・音声出力の処理を行う。本発明では、例えば上記現在位置検出処理や目的地設定処理、経路案内表示処理において、ディスプレイの地図の座標を変換して現在位置から遠くなるほど広域になる遠近図を表示するようにしている。
【００３１】
本発明に係る地図表示装置では、台形変換のパラメータを用いて現在位置に対応した遠近図を表示する場合、図５に示すようにまず遠近図表示のモードになっているか否かを判断し（ステップＳ１１）、遠近図表示のモードの場合には上述した〔数４〕及び〔数５〕における台形変換パラメータａ、ｂ、Ｌ等を設定する。即ち、どのような地図範囲を表示装置に表示するかを設定する（ステップＳ１２）。次にその地図範囲における４隅の東経・北緯座標を取得し（ステップＳ１３）、この東経・北緯座標を〔数４〕及び〔数５〕のｓｘ、ｓｙにそれぞれ代入、即ち、逆変換することにより、矩形地図上における表示すべき地図範囲が決定される（ステップＳ１４）。この地図範囲は逆台形の形となる。次に、この逆台形の領域に係る地図ブロックを選択してＣＤ−ＲＯＭより選択された地図ブロックを読み出し、ＲＡＭに格納する（ステップＳ１５）。そして、選択された地図ブロック内の２次元座標をそれぞれ〔数４〕及び〔数５〕に代入して座標変換を行い（ステップＳ１６）、再びＲＡＭに格納する。しかる後、変換された座標を表示装置の画面座標に変換してフレームメモリに描画することによりディスプレイ等の表示装置に表示する（ステップＳ１７）。上記ステップＳ１１において遠近図表示のモードになっていなければ、通常の平面地図を表示する。この図５における処理が本発明における座標変換手段による座標変換処理の１例である。
【００３２】
さらに、上記遠近図を表示して経路案内を行うナビゲーション装置の具体的な処理、表示の形態について説明する。図６は目的地の表示や目的地方向の表示を行う処理の例を説明するための図、図７は経路外れの場合の地図の表示切り換え制御の例を説明するための図、図８は経路表示を意識した表示制御の例を説明するための図である。
【００３３】
上記のようにして座標変換され表示される遠近図上に、目的地に到着するまで経路案内として現在位置マークと目的地マークを重ねて表示する場合には、例えば図６に示すようにまず、現在位置を取得し（ステップＳ２１）、現在位置を画面の中央下寄りの位置として台形変換パラメータを用いて遠近図で表示する地図の表示範囲を設定する（ステップＳ２２）。そして、その表示範囲内に目的地が入るか否かを判定し（ステップＳ２３）、目的地が表示範囲内にある場合には、遠近図とその遠近図上に現在位置マークとともに目的地マークを表示し（ステップＳ２４）、目的地が表示範囲内にない場合には、例えば画面の右上方向、左横方向、上左方向など、目的地方向を判定して（ステップＳ２５）、遠近図とその遠近図上に現在位置マークとともに対応する画面の端部に目的地方向マークを表示する（ステップＳ２６）。画面上部に空を描画する場合には、目的地方向マークを空領域に表示してもよい。以上のステップＳ２１〜Ｓ２６の処理を目的地に到着するまで繰り返し実行する（ステップＳ２７）。このとき、現在位置から目的地までの経路も適宜遠近図上に重ねて表示される。
【００３４】
また、ステップＳ２３で目的地が表示範囲内に入らない場合に、目的地が表示範囲内に入るようにするには、例えば図６（Ｂ）に示すように目的地方向を判定した後（ステップＳ３１）、さらにその目的地方向の表示領域の変換パラメータを変更してさらに広域化して（ステップＳ３２）、その表示範囲内に目的地が入るか否かを判定し（ステップＳ３３）、目的地が表示範囲内にある場合には、遠近図とその遠近図上に現在位置マークとともに目的地マークを表示し（ステップＳ３４）、それでも、目的地が表示範囲内にない場合には、遠近図とその遠近図上に現在位置マークとともに対応する画面の端部に目的地方向マークを表示する（ステップＳ３５）。つまり、目的地が入るまで無制限に広域化しても、表示する意味がなくなってしまうので、一定の変換パラメータで固定し、目的地方向マークを表示するにとどめる。この場合、目的地方向マークと共に目的地までの距離を併せて表示すると、表示範囲内に入らない目的地がさらにどの程度先になるのかを知る情報として有用である。
【００３５】
なお、この場合、画面を縦方向に領域分割し、目的地方向となる画面上方の領域を段階的に広域化するように変換パラメータを設定してもよい。勿論、通常は、別の表示モードによる経路案内を行い、例えばマニュアル操作により運転者により切り換え要求があった時点、経路探索を行った時点など、所定の条件でこれらの表示モードに切り換えるようにしてもよい。
【００３６】
また、走行中に現在位置が案内経路から外れたとき（経路外れ）に遠近図で経路復帰方向を表示しようとする場合には、例えば一定時間毎に図７に示すように現在位置を取得し（ステップＳ４１）、その現在位置を案内経路と照合することにより経路外れが発生したか否かを判定し（ステップＳ４２）、経路外れが発生すると、現在位置から経路への復帰方向を判定する（ステップＳ４３）。この場合の復帰方向としては、例えば現在位置から座標値による直線距離で最も近い経路上の地点を求め、あるいは現在位置から経路上の交差点までの経路探索を行って、経路に復帰する最適経路を求め、現在位置から目的地までの経路探索を行って、最適経路を求めるなどにより判定する。そして、その経路復帰方向が表示画面の上方向に一致するように変換パラメータを設定して遠近図を表示する（ステップＳ４４）。その後は、現在位置が経路に復帰したか否かを判定し（ステップＳ４５）、経路に復帰すれば通常の経路案内として行っていた元の地図表示に戻す（ステップＳ４６）。同様に、現在位置が案内経路から外れたときに目的地方向が表示画面の上方向に一致するように変換パラメータを設定してもよい。
【００３７】
また、上記遠近図上に重ねて経路を表示する場合に、変換パラメータを目的地方向、経路復帰方向に設定し、その方向を上にして遠近図を表示すると、経路が画面の左右の端で切れてしまうことがある。そこで、できるだけ経路を連続して表示できるようにしようとすると、表示方向や広域化する範囲、つまり変換パラメータを変更する必要がある。このような場合の処理としては、例えば図８に示すように現在位置を取得し（ステップＳ５１）、変換パラメータとともに地図表示範囲を設定したとき（ステップＳ５２）、経路が連続して表示範囲内に入るか否かを判定し（ステップＳ５３）、経路が画面の左や右の端で切れてしまい連続して表示範囲内に入らない場合には、変換パラメータとともに地図表示範囲を変更して（ステップＳ５５）、遠近図と地図を表示する（ステップＳ５４）。また、変換パラメータとともに地図表示範囲を変更する処理を繰り返し、表示範囲内に入る経路の長さが最も長くなる変換パラメータ、表示範囲を選択して設定するような処理を行うようにしてもよい。
【００３８】
本発明の座標変換を使用すると、遠近図上に重ねて経路を表示する場合、経路をベタで道路上に重ねるのではなく、道路から少し浮かせて経路を表示することも簡単に実現できる。それは、経路の座標に一定の高さ情報を付加し、先に図２で説明した座標変換した後のＹ座標値をさらに図３で説明したように高さ情報に基づいて座標変換、つまりＹ軸方向に座標を移動することによって可能となる。また、経路を描画する場合、座標値間を線で連結して描画するが、このとき、座標変換することにより連結する座標値間の長さが変換する領域によって大きく変わる。そこで、座標値間が長い場合には、その中間を１乃至複数の座標値で補間し、逆に座標値間が短い場合には、座標値を間引きして経路を描画する。
【００３９】
次に、遠近図の表示情報の制御や画面の切り換え、走行軌跡の表示について説明する。図９は複数の階層に分けたデータの構造例を説明するための図、図１０は表示領域及び画面の切り換え例を説明するための図、図１１は画面の回転処理の例を説明するための図、図１２は走行軌跡データの構成例を説明するための図である。
【００４０】
本発明のように２次元矩形を台形に変換する台形変換パラメータを設定し、現在位置を中心として座標変換を行い遠近図を表示する場合、現在位置から前方へ遠くなるほど広域化し、つまり情報が圧縮されるため、表示情報の量を適切に提供するには領域により制限しなければならない。そこで、表示情報をその密度に応じて間引くなどの処理が必要となるが、情報記憶装置に格納する道路データや経路案内情報のファイルについて、例えば図９に示すように複数の階層に分けたデータの構造を採用してもよい。例えば縮尺率の大きい地図をレベル１、縮尺率の小さい地図をレベルｎとすると、レベル１、２、……、ｎとなるにしたがって、詳細で多くの情報を有する。すなわち、レベル１では、道路種別の場合、高速道路や国道などの主要幹線道路だけの情報を有し、文字やランドマークによる施設などの経路沿いの特徴情報を案内するための経路案内情報の場合、都道府県、市区町村名、面積の大きな施設や大規模な施設、建造物だけの情報を有する。これに対してレベルｎでは、道路種別の場合、細街路等の最も低い情報を有し、経路案内情報の場合、コンビニや交差点近傍の詳細な情報を有する。
【００４１】
上記構造のデータを用いることにより、例えば図１０（Ａ）に示す遠近図を表示する場合、画面上方の領域には、レベル値の大きい方のデータを選択し、画面下方の領域には、レベル値の小さい方のデータを選択することにより、上下それぞれの表示領域で適切な情報量にして提供できる。また、現在位置マークや立体ランドマークを表示する場合には、変換パラメータに応じたマークの形状を予め用意してその中から選択し、さらに、経路の表示、道路の表示、線の太さ、文字の大きさ、マークの大きさについても、変換パラメータ、表示領域に対応して変えることにより遠近図と違和感のない表示を行うことができる。図１０（Ｂ）に示すように画面上方の表示領域と下方の表示領域で変換パラメータを変えて遠近図を表示する場合も同様であり、図１０（Ｃ）に示すように表示画面を２つに分割して地図を表示する場合も同様である。ここで、分割された２つの画面に表示される地図とは、「遠近図と座標変換を行わない平面図」、「表示範囲の異なる２つの遠近図」、「車両の進行方向を画面の上方向に一致させた地図と、目的地方向を画面の上方向に一致させた地図」等様々なパターンが考えられる。
【００４２】
表示モードとして、例えば図１０（Ａ）、（Ｂ）、（Ｃ）に示すそれぞれの画面への切り換えは、例えばマニュアル操作スイッチにより運転者の要求に応じてマニュアル切り換えを行う場合や、先に説明したように目的地が表示範囲内に入るように画面の領域を複数に分割し画面上方の領域をより広域化するように変換パラメータを変えて設定する場合、高速走行になると前方がより広域になるように走行速度に応じて変換パラメータを変える場合、現在位置が案内交差点など特定の地点に接近してその特徴情報を表示する場合などに行われる。
【００４３】
遠近図を現在位置を追跡しながら表示する場合、高速走行やカーブの旋回など単位時間の車両の進行方向変化が大きいと、表示の追従性が低下するという不都合が生じる。例えば現在位置検出装置により車両の現在位置、走行方向を１秒毎に検出し、そのタイミングで表示する地図範囲を書き換える場合、車両の進行方向が短時間の間に急激に変化すると、急に表示される地図の方向が変更されてしまい、ユーザにとっては前地図との関係がわかりづらくなる。そこで、このような場合には、前地図と現地図との間にオフセット地図を挿入することにより、連続的に回転表示するようにしてもよい。オフセット地図は、例えば図１１に示すようにα＝５°、１０°、２０°……と数段階に分ける。そして、例えば走行方向が３０°変わった場合には、５°、１０°、２０°の３つのオフセット地図を前地図と現地図との間に挿入して表示する。また、地図の書き換えは、単位時間の車両の進行方向変化量に応じて制御し、進行方向変化量が多い場合には、遠近図の表示方向を変更し、少ない場合には、遠近図の表示方向は変更せず現在位置マークの方向のみを変更してもよい。また、目的地までの経路の情報や車両が現在走行している道路と接続する道路との関係から車両が次に曲がる方向を予測し、その予測した方向に基づいて表示方向を決定してもよい。このような構成により、車両の運転者は、曲がった先の道路地図を予め知ることができる。また、このような予測を運転者が操作したウインカーに基づいて行ってもよい。
【００４４】
また、遠近図上に走行軌跡を重ねて表示する場合、走行軌跡点は、図１２に示すように所定時間又は所定距離毎に記憶されるので、各座標を変換パラメータと表示領域により、先に説明した経路の表示と同様に走行軌跡点の間隔が長い場合には補間を行い、逆に走行軌跡点の間隔が短い場合には間引きを行う。
【００４５】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明によれば、矩形と台形を対応させた簡単なパラメータの設定と計算で奥行きのある地図に座標変換して遠近図を表示でき、また、三角関数や視点の高さを用いることなく加減乗除の簡単な演算で座標変換でき、処理負担の軽減、処理の高速化を可能にし、奥行きのある遠近図を表示できる。
【００４６】
表示制御手段は、現在位置及び目的地、経路に基づき地図の表示範囲を制御し、現在位置からの距離に応じ領域を分割して台形変換パラメータを変え段階的に広域表示となるように地図の表示範囲を制御し、経路案内情報として、現在位置マークと目的地マーク、目的地が表示範囲にない場合に目的地方向を示す目的地方向マークを目的地マークに代えて地図上に表示し、現在位置マークと経路、走行軌跡点を所定時間又は所定距離毎に記憶した座標値に基づき走行軌跡を地図上に表示し、経路とともに経路沿いの特定の施設に関する情報やランドマークを特徴情報として地図上に表示するので、適切な表示範囲の遠近図上に重ねて有用な経路案内情報を表示することができる。
【００４７】
座標変換手段は、台形変換パラメータを設定して座標変換した後の２次元座標のＹ座標値をさらに高さ情報に基づいて座標変換する高さ座標変換手段を含み、経路や走行軌跡に一定の高さ情報を付与し、該高さ情報を高さ座標変換手段により座標変換して経路や走行軌跡を地図上に表示し、座標変換した座標値間の間隔が長い場合に中間に補間点を設定し、座標値間の間隔が短い場合に間引きを行って表示するので、経路や走行軌跡を道路上に立体的に見やすく表示できる。
【００４８】
情報記憶手段は、地図データ及び経路案内情報として、複数の階層に分けて表示レベルに応じた情報量を格納し、表示制御手段は、広域表示領域の情報量が少なくなるように経路案内情報を制御し、広域表示領域に対し道路種別毎に表示レベルを制御するので、遠近の位置に応じて適切な情報を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明に係る地図表示装置の実施の形態を示す図である。
【図２】 本発明に係る地図表示装置による台形座標変換アルゴリズムを説明するための図である。
【図３】 建造物の高さデータの座標変換アルゴリズムを説明するための図である。
【図４】 案内道路データ等の構成例を示す図である。
【図５】 現在位置中心の地図の表示処理の例を説明するための図である。
【図６】 目的地の表示や目的地方向の表示を行う処理の例を説明するための図である。
【図７】 経路外れの場合の地図の表示切り換え制御の例を説明するための図である。
【図８】 経路を重視した表示制御の例を説明するための図である。
【図９】 複数の階層に分けたデータの構造例を説明するための図である。
【図１０】 表示領域及び画面の切り換え例を説明するための図である。
【図１１】 画面の回転処理の例を説明するための図である。
【図１２】 走行軌跡データの構成例を説明するための図である。
【符号の説明】
１…入力装置、２…現在位置検出装置、３…情報記憶装置、４…中央処理装置、５…情報送受信装置、６…出力装置、１１…座標変換部、１２…変換パラメータ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a road map display device that displays a map for guidance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Vehicle navigation devices that have route search and route guidance functions expand the road map around the current position of the vehicle and the device that displays the driving image in three dimensions so that the information on the direction of travel can be provided in an easy-to-understand manner. Devices for displaying road maps using a so-called bird's-eye view display method have been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 1-263688, 8-160853, 8-166249, and 8-8-1). No. 292720, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-127861, etc.).
[0003]
Some devices that have been proposed in the past, for example, provide a window display area on a part of the bird's-eye view to display a wide area map, and further display the range of the bird's-eye view with a frame. Is no longer difficult to grasp, and the wide area of the road map is not clear. In addition, in some cases, by displaying a flat map or a bird's-eye view close to the flat map within a predetermined range on the upper side of the display area, it is possible to eliminate the difficulty of understanding the road conditions in the distance and accurately grasp the road information in the distance I can do it.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when displaying a bird's eye view, there is a problem that if the coordinate conversion is performed from the two-dimensional map data using a trigonometric function, the processing becomes complicated and takes time, and if there are a lot of map data, the problem becomes more prominent. When the coordinate calculation is performed three-dimensionally using the height data, there is a problem that the processing is further delayed.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and can perform coordinate transformation by simple parameter setting and addition / subtraction / division / division without using a trigonometric function or viewpoint height, thereby reducing processing load and processing speed. This makes it possible to display a map with depth.
[0006]
For this purpose, the present invention provides information storage means for storing road map data on two-dimensional coordinates and data relating to route guidance information, detection means for detecting the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle, and the vehicle detected by the detection means. Road map data acquisition means for acquiring two-dimensional coordinates of data relating to road map data and route guidance information from the information storage means based on the current position and traveling direction of the vehicle, and the two-dimensional data acquired by the road map data acquisition means A road comprising display means for displaying a road map and route guidance information defined by coordinates on a display screen as a plan view, and a display control means for controlling the display range of the map displayed on the display means and the route guidance information In the map display device, at a suitable dividing position in the x-axis direction and a diagonal line connecting one end of the upper side and the other end of the lower side of a predetermined quadrangular two-dimensional coordinate A pair of upper and lower triangles is defined by a straight line parallel to the y-axis to be inserted, and trapezoidal coordinates for perspective view display by a conversion formula determined so as to maintain the linearity of the diagonal line based on a ratio after conversion of these triangles A coordinate conversion unit for converting the two-dimensional coordinates of the road map data corresponding to the perspective map acquired by the road map data acquisition unit and the data relating to the route guidance information into the trapezoid coordinates. The display means displays a road map and route guidance information in the vehicle traveling direction defined by the trapezoidal coordinates converted by the coordinate conversion means on the display screen as a perspective view. .
[0007]
The display control means controls a display range of a map based on a current position, a destination, and a route. When the current position mark, the destination mark, and the destination are not in the display range as the route guidance information, A destination direction mark indicating the destination direction is displayed on the map instead of the mark, and the route, the feature information along the route together with the route, and the travel locus point are stored in a coordinate value stored at a predetermined time or every predetermined distance. Based on this, the travel locus is displayed on the map.
[0008]
The information storage means stores the amount of information according to the display level divided into a plurality of layers as the map data and route guidance information, and the display control means routes the information so that the amount of information in the wide display area is reduced. Guide information is controlled, and the display control means controls the display level for each road type with respect to the wide display area.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a map display device according to the present invention, and inputs information relating to coordinate conversion parameters and route guidance when a map is developed and displayed from map data composed of two-dimensional coordinates. Input device 1, current position detection device 2 for detecting information related to the current position of the host vehicle, map data composed of two-dimensional coordinates, navigation data necessary for route calculation, display / audio guidance necessary for route guidance Information storage device 3 in which programs (application and / or OS) for displaying data, map display, route calculation, and guidance are recorded, map display processing, route search processing, route guidance as navigation data processing means Display / voice guidance processing necessary for the vehicle, and the central processing unit 4 that controls the entire system, for example, information on the traveling of the vehicle, such as road information From an information transmission / reception device 5 that transmits / receives traffic information, detects information related to the current position of the vehicle, and further transmits / receives information related to the current location, a display that outputs information related to route guidance, a speaker, and other output devices 6 It is configured. That is, an example in which the map display device according to the present invention is applied to a navigation device is shown.
[0010]
The input device 1 has a function of selecting a map and inputting a destination, or instructing the central processing device 4 to perform navigation processing at the driver's will. As means for realizing the function, a remote controller such as a touch switch or a jog dial for inputting a destination by a telephone number or coordinates on a map or requesting route guidance can be used. Further, the present invention includes a device for performing dialogue by voice input, and functions as a voice input device. A recording card reader for reading data recorded on an IC card or a magnetic card can also be added. In addition, an information center that stores data necessary for navigation and provides information via a communication line at the request of the driver, and a portable type having data such as map data, destination data, simple maps, and building shape maps A data communication device for exchanging data with an information source such as an electronic device can be added.
[0011]
The current position detection device 2 obtains the current position information of the vehicle using a satellite navigation system (GPS), an absolute direction sensor that detects the traveling direction of the vehicle in an absolute direction by using, for example, geomagnetism, a vehicle For example, a steering sensor, a relative azimuth sensor that detects the relative azimuth by using a gyro sensor, for example, a distance sensor that detects the travel distance of the vehicle from the rotational speed of the wheel.
[0012]
The information storage device 3 is an external storage device that stores navigation programs and data, and includes, for example, a CD-ROM. The program includes a program for performing processing such as route search, a processing program shown in the flowchart described in the present embodiment, a display output control necessary for route guidance, a program for performing interactive guidance by voice input, and necessary for it A program for performing voice output control necessary for voice guidance and necessary data for voice guidance are stored. Data to be stored include map data, search data, guidance data, map matching data, destination data, registration point data, road data, image data of intersections such as intersections, data by genre, landmark data, three-dimensional landmarks It consists of files such as data and stores all data necessary for the navigation device. The map data is divided into blocks for each predetermined unit and stored in a rectangular shape. The present invention can also be applied to a type in which only data is stored in a CD-ROM and the program is stored in a central processing unit. Here, the CD-ROM is taken as an example of the information storage device, but an optical disk such as a DVD-ROM, a magnetic disk such as a flexible disk, and a magneto-optical disk such as MO may be used.
[0013]
The central processing unit 4 includes a CPU that executes various arithmetic processes, a flash memory that reads and stores a program from a CD-ROM of the information storage device 3, and a program (program reading means) that performs a program check and update process for the flash memory. Stored ROM, set point coordinates of destination, road name code No. The RAM is a RAM that temporarily stores searched route guidance information and the like and data being processed. In addition, although not shown in the drawings, a frame memory for storing data to be displayed on an output device such as a display, interactive processing by voice input from the input device 1, or a voice output control signal from the CPU A speech processor that synthesizes speech, phrases, single sentences, sounds, etc. read out from the information storage device 3 based on the above, converts them into analog signals and outputs them to a speaker, and communication that exchanges input and output data by communication The interface and the sensor input interface for taking in the sensor signal of the current position detection device 2 and the clock for entering the date and time in the internal diagnosis information are provided. Note that a program for performing the above-described update processing may be stored in an external storage device.
[0014]
All programs and other programs for executing navigation may be stored in a CD-ROM which is an external storage medium, or a part or all of these programs may be stored in the ROM 42 on the main body side. Various navigation functions are realized by inputting data and programs stored in the external storage medium as external signals to the central processing unit of the navigation apparatus main body and performing arithmetic processing.
[0015]
As described above, the navigation device has a relatively large capacity flash memory for reading a program from a CD-ROM of an external storage device, and a small capacity ROM for storing a program (program reading means) for starting a CD. Built in. The flash memory is a non-volatile storage means that retains stored information even when the power is turned off. Then, as a CD start-up process, a program of ROM that is a program reading means is activated and the program stored in the flash memory is checked, and the CD management information of the CD-ROM of the information storage device 3 is read. The program loading process (update process) is performed based on this information and the state of the flash memory.
[0016]
The information transmitter / receiver 5 is a GPS receiver that acquires information using a satellite navigation system (GPS), a VICS information receiver that acquires information using FM multiplex broadcasting, radio wave beacons, optical beacons, etc. By using a telephone, a personal computer, etc., it is composed of an information center (for example, ATIS) and a data transmitting / receiving device for bidirectionally communicating information with other vehicles.
[0017]
The output device 6 has a function of outputting guidance information by voice and / or a screen when the driver needs it, and printing out data subjected to navigation processing by the central processing unit 4. As means for this, a memory for expanding and rendering data processed by the central processing unit 4 and data stored in the information storage unit 3 on a screen, a display for displaying image data rendered in the memory, and the central processing unit 4 A printer that prints out the data processed in step 1 and data stored in the information storage device 3, a speaker that outputs route guidance by voice, and the like.
[0018]
The display is composed of a simple liquid crystal display or the like, and is expanded and drawn based on map display data and guide data processed by the central processing unit 4 and drawn intersection enlarged view screen, destination name, time, distance, progress Display directional arrows, etc. The image data to be displayed on the display is binary image data (bitmap data), using a communication line that uses map display data and guide data processed by the central processing unit 4 in serial communication, etc. The communication line is also received, developed in the memory in the output device 6 and rendered, and then the designated display range is displayed on the display screen.
[0019]
This display is provided in an instrument panel in the vicinity of the driver's seat, and the driver can check the current location of the host vehicle and obtain information on the route from now on by looking at the display. Although not shown in the figure, a tablet including a touch panel, a touch screen, etc. may be used on the display screen, and the point input, road input, etc. can be performed by touching the screen or tracing the screen. Good.
[0020]
Next, map display performed by converting the two-dimensional coordinates of the map data into a perspective view with depth on the two-dimensional coordinate system will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a trapezoidal coordinate conversion algorithm by the map display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a coordinate conversion algorithm of building height data. The conversion parameter 12 of the central processing unit 4 holds coordinate conversion parameters such as a trapezoid conversion parameter for converting the rectangular coordinates of the map into trapezoid coordinates and a curved surface conversion parameter for converting the coordinates of the curved surface into coordinates on the projection plane. . The coordinate conversion unit 11 performs coordinate conversion on the map data composed of the two-dimensional coordinates based on the coordinate conversion parameter held in the conversion parameter 12, and draws the coordinate-converted map data to output the map data of the output device 6. A trapezoid converted map (perspective view) is displayed on the screen.
[0021]
First, a trapezoid conversion parameter in the case of performing coordinate conversion to a trapezoid as shown in FIG. 2B for a coordinate space of two-dimensional map data as shown in FIG. 2A will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 2A, the width (1/2 of the length in the X direction) g is set for the rectangle of the two-dimensional map data, and the trapezoid is shown in FIG. 2B. Is set with the length of the upper side (1/2 of the length in the X direction) a and the length of the lower side (1/2 of the length in the X direction) b, and the vertical length common to the rectangle and trapezoid (Length in the Y direction) L is set.
[0022]
If the new coordinate converted by the coordinate conversion unit 3 from P (X, Y) of the map data based on these parameters is P1 (sx, sy), first, the Y coordinate value sy is the upper side of the trapezoid. The length of the lower side of the trapezoid with respect to the product {aL + (b−a) Y} of the product of the length a and the vertical length L and the difference between the lengths of the upper and lower sides of the trapezoid (b−a) and the Y coordinate value The ratio of the product b · L · Y of the length b, the vertical length L and the Y coordinate value, that is,
[Equation 4]

_{However, k 1 = b · L k} 2 = a · L k 3 = (b-a)
Is required. Further, the X coordinate value sx is a value obtained by multiplying the difference (ba) between the length b of the lower side of the trapezoid and the length of the upper and lower sides of the trapezoid by the Y coordinate value and dividing it by the vertical length L of the trapezoid (b -A) Subtract sy / L and multiply by the ratio of the X coordinate value to the length g of the rectangle in the X direction, i.e.
[Equation 5]

_{However, k 4 = g k 5 =} b k 6 = (b-a) / L
Is required.
[0023]
Hereinafter, the conversion of the Y coordinate will be described first. In FIG. 2A, the oblique straight line equation is
[Equation 6]

It is represented by Therefore, the converted map is assumed so that the oblique straight line is kept as a straight line after the conversion and the X coordinate is equally divided, and the X coordinate value in the straight line and another two-dimensional map data is assumed. Consider a mesh triangle shown in FIG. 2B by a straight line. Since these are similar, consider the ratio of the lengths of the sides of each triangle. First, the ratio of the vertical lengths of the triangles is (L-sy): sy. On the other hand, the length of the base of the triangle is a−Xa / g on the upper side and b + Xb / g on the lower side. Therefore, since the ratio of side lengths of similar triangles is equal,
[Equation 7]
(L-sy): sy = (a-Xa / g): (b + Xb / g)
It becomes. If X is deleted from [Equation 7] and [Equation 6], [Equation 4] is obtained. Further, if the X coordinate value of the fixed value g converted to the upper side a and the lower side b is associated with the vertical length sy, (b−a) sy / L is obtained. By multiplying the ratio with X, [Equation 5] is obtained.
[0024]
Next, a case where a three-dimensional building such as a building is displayed in a three-dimensional manner by two-dimensional coordinate transformation using trapezoid transformation will be described. For example, when a building has data of a floor number n, the average floor height h is multiplied by the floor number n to obtain the height as n × h = H, and the height as a whole is not a floor n but a tower. When there is data of height H, coordinate conversion is performed based on the height H. The coordinate conversion of the height H to the Y coordinate value sy ′ in the Y coordinate value sy is performed by using, for example, [Equation 8] on the X coordinate value sx and the Y coordinate value sy converted on the two-dimensional plane. This can be done by obtaining the added value ΔY of the values.
[0025]
[Equation 8]

_{However, k 7 = (b-a} ) / b · L = k 3 / k 1
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, the vertex coordinate value of the building of height H at the point (sx1, sy1) is
[Equation 9]
(Sx1, sy1 + ΔY)
= {Sx1, sy1 + (1 -k 7 sy) H}
The coordinates converted in this way are connected with lines, the inside of the frame is filled with a predetermined color, and this processing is performed in order from the back to overwrite the display, as shown in FIG. It can be performed.
[0026]
As described above, the keystone conversion parameters are calculated from a, b, g, and L, or k ₁ to k ₇ are calculated from these, and these, the coordinate values (X, Y), and the three-dimensional building from the height h. The trapezoidal transformation for can be performed by simple addition / subtraction / division / calculation.
[0027]
In the above [Expression 5], P (X, sy) is obtained from P (X, Y) and then P1 (sx, sy) is obtained using the sy. Sx may be obtained from the coordinate values of. For example, in [Equation 5], when sx 'is obtained by using Y for sy, P (X, Y) is converted to P1' (sx ', sy) shown in FIG. The result of coordinate conversion becomes bowl shape.
[0028]
Next, an example of a vehicle navigation device provided with the map display device of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of main data files stored in the information storage device, and FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of display processing of a map centering on the current position.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 4A, the guide road data file includes a road number, a length, road attribute data, an address of shape data, a size, an address of guide data, and a size for each number of roads n. It consists of data, and is stored as data necessary to calculate a route and perform route guidance by the route search unit. The road number is set for each direction (outbound path, return path) for each road between the branch points. The road attribute data is road guidance auxiliary information data, and the shape data is east longitude for each of the number of nodes m when divided by a plurality of nodes (sections) of each road as shown in FIG. , Has coordinate data consisting of north latitude. As shown in FIG. 4C, the guidance data includes intersection (or branch point) names, traffic signal data, landmark data, caution point data, road name data, road name voice data, destination data addresses, and sizes. Consists of data.
[0030]
In the vehicular navigation device, the central processing unit 4 first performs an initialization process, reads a navigation program from a CD-ROM, stores it in a flash memory, and activates the current position detection device 2 to detect the current position. In addition to displaying a map around the current position, the name of the current position and the like are displayed. Next, a process for setting a destination is performed using a telephone number, an address, a facility name, a registered point, etc., and a route search process from the current position to the destination is performed. As a result of this route search, the route to the destination is set as guide road number data in which the road numbers to be guided are arranged. When the route is determined, while displaying the current position by the current position detection device 2, the route guidance display output / voice output processing is performed until the destination is reached. In the present invention, for example, in the current position detection process, the destination setting process, and the route guidance display process, the coordinates of the map on the display are converted to display a perspective view that becomes wider as the distance from the current position increases.
[0031]
In the map display device according to the present invention, when the perspective map corresponding to the current position is displayed using the trapezoid conversion parameters, it is first determined whether or not the perspective map display mode is set as shown in FIG. In step S11), in the perspective view display mode, the trapezoidal conversion parameters a, b, L and the like in [Expression 4] and [Expression 5] are set. That is, what map range is displayed on the display device is set (step S12). Next, the east longitude and north latitude coordinates of the four corners in the map range are acquired (step S13), and the east longitude and north latitude coordinates are respectively substituted into sx and sy of [Equation 4] and [Equation 5], that is, inversely transformed. Thus, the map range to be displayed on the rectangular map is determined (step S14). This map area has the shape of an inverted trapezoid. Next, the map block related to the inverted trapezoidal area is selected, the selected map block is read from the CD-ROM, and stored in the RAM (step S15). Then, the two-dimensional coordinates in the selected map block are substituted into [Equation 4] and [Equation 5], respectively, to perform coordinate conversion (step S16), and stored again in the RAM. Thereafter, the converted coordinates are converted into the screen coordinates of the display device and drawn on the frame memory to display on the display device such as a display (step S17). If it is not in the perspective view display mode in step S11, a normal plane map is displayed. The processing in FIG. 5 is an example of coordinate conversion processing by the coordinate conversion means in the present invention.
[0032]
Furthermore, specific processing and display forms of the navigation device that displays the perspective view and performs route guidance will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of processing for displaying the destination and the direction of the destination, FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of map display switching control when the route is off, and FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of the display control which considered the route display.
[0033]
When the current position mark and the destination mark are displayed as route guidance on the perspective map converted and displayed as described above until the arrival at the destination, for example, as shown in FIG. The current position is acquired (step S21), and the display range of the map to be displayed in the perspective view is set using the trapezoidal conversion parameter with the current position as the position near the center of the screen (step S22). Then, it is determined whether or not the destination falls within the display range (step S23). If the destination is within the display range, the destination mark is displayed together with the current position mark on the perspective view and the perspective view. If it is displayed (step S24) and the destination is not within the display range, the destination direction is determined (step S25), for example, upper right direction, left horizontal direction, upper left direction, etc. A destination direction mark is displayed at the edge of the corresponding screen together with the current position mark on the perspective view (step S26). When drawing the sky at the top of the screen, the destination direction mark may be displayed in the sky area. The processes of steps S21 to S26 are repeatedly executed until the destination is reached (step S27). At this time, the route from the current position to the destination is also displayed on the perspective map as appropriate.
[0034]
In order to make the destination fall within the display range when the destination does not fall within the display range in step S23, for example, after determining the destination direction as shown in FIG. S31) Further, the conversion parameter of the display area in the destination direction is changed to further widen the area (step S32), and it is determined whether or not the destination falls within the display range (step S33). If it is within the display range, the destination mark is displayed together with the current position mark on the perspective view and the perspective view (step S34). If the destination is still not within the display range, the perspective view and its A destination direction mark is displayed at the edge of the corresponding screen together with the current position mark on the perspective view (step S35). In other words, even if the area is widened indefinitely until the destination is entered, the meaning of display is lost. Therefore, the destination direction mark is only displayed by fixing with a fixed conversion parameter. In this case, displaying the distance to the destination together with the destination direction mark is useful as information for knowing how far ahead the destination that does not fall within the display range is.
[0035]
In this case, the conversion parameter may be set so that the screen is divided into regions in the vertical direction, and the region above the screen that is the destination direction is broadened stepwise. Of course, the route guidance is usually performed in different display modes, and the mode is switched to these display modes under a predetermined condition, for example, when a switching request is made by the driver by a manual operation or when a route search is performed. Also good.
[0036]
In addition, when the current position deviates from the guide route during traveling (out of the route), when the route return direction is to be displayed in a perspective view, for example, the current position is acquired at regular intervals as shown in FIG. (Step S41), it is determined whether or not an off-route has occurred by comparing the current position with the guide route (Step S42), and when the off-route has occurred, a return direction from the current position to the route is determined ( Step S43). As a return direction in this case, for example, a point on the route that is closest to the current position by a linear distance by a coordinate value is obtained, or a route search from the current position to an intersection on the route is performed, and an optimum route to return to the route is determined. It is determined by searching for a route from the current position to the destination and obtaining an optimum route. Then, the conversion parameters are set so that the route return direction coincides with the upper direction of the display screen, and a perspective view is displayed (step S44). After that, it is determined whether or not the current position has returned to the route (step S45). If the route returns to the route, the original map display used as normal route guidance is restored (step S46). Similarly, the conversion parameter may be set so that the destination direction matches the upward direction of the display screen when the current position deviates from the guidance route.
[0037]
In addition, when displaying a route overlaid on the perspective map, if the conversion parameter is set to the destination direction and the route return direction, and the perspective map is displayed with that direction up, the route will appear at the left and right edges of the screen. It may be cut. Therefore, in order to continuously display the routes as much as possible, it is necessary to change the display direction and the range to be expanded, that is, the conversion parameters. As processing in such a case, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the current position is acquired (step S51) and the map display range is set together with the conversion parameter (step S52), the route is continuously within the display range. It is determined whether to enter (step S53). If the route is cut off at the left or right edge of the screen and does not continuously enter the display range, the map display range is changed together with the conversion parameter (step S53). S55), a perspective view and a map are displayed (step S54). Further, the process of changing the map display range together with the conversion parameter may be repeated, and the conversion parameter and the display range in which the length of the route entering the display range is the longest may be selected and set.
[0038]
When the coordinate transformation of the present invention is used, when displaying a route by superimposing it on a perspective view, it is possible to easily display the route by slightly floating from the road instead of overlapping the route on the road. That is, a certain height information is added to the coordinates of the route, and the Y coordinate value after the coordinate conversion described above with reference to FIG. 2 is further converted into a coordinate based on the height information as described with reference to FIG. This is possible by moving the coordinates in the axial direction. Further, when drawing a route, the coordinate values are drawn by connecting with a line, and at this time, the length between the coordinate values to be connected varies greatly depending on the region to be converted. Therefore, when the distance between coordinate values is long, the middle is interpolated with one or more coordinate values. Conversely, when the distance between coordinate values is short, the path is drawn by thinning the coordinate values.
[0039]
Next, control of display information for perspective views, switching of screens, and display of travel locus will be described. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of the structure of data divided into a plurality of hierarchies, FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of switching between display areas and screens, and FIG. 11 is for explaining an example of screen rotation processing. FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of travel locus data.
[0040]
When a trapezoid conversion parameter for converting a two-dimensional rectangle into a trapezoid as in the present invention is set, and coordinate conversion is performed with the current position as the center and a perspective view is displayed, the area becomes wider as the distance from the current position increases, that is, the information is compressed. Therefore, in order to provide the amount of display information appropriately, it must be limited by area. Therefore, processing such as thinning the display information according to its density is required, but for the road data and route guidance information files stored in the information storage device, for example, data divided into a plurality of layers as shown in FIG. The structure may be adopted. For example, assuming that a map with a large scale ratio is level 1 and a map with a small scale ratio is level n, the level 1, 2,. That is, in the case of the road type, in the case of the road type, in the case of the route guidance information for guiding characteristic information along the route such as facilities by characters and landmarks, the information includes only main highways such as highways and national roads. , Information on prefectures, city names, large-scale facilities, large-scale facilities, and buildings. On the other hand, at the level n, the road type has the lowest information such as a narrow street, and the route guidance information has detailed information near the convenience store and the intersection.
[0041]
For example, when the perspective view shown in FIG. 10A is displayed by using the data having the above structure, data having a larger level value is selected in the upper area of the screen, and the level in the lower area of the screen. By selecting the data having the smaller value, it is possible to provide an appropriate amount of information in the upper and lower display areas. Also, when displaying the current position mark or solid landmark, prepare the shape of the mark according to the conversion parameter in advance and select from among them, and further display the route, road display, line thickness, By changing the character size and mark size according to the conversion parameter and the display area, it is possible to perform display that does not feel strange from the perspective view. The same applies to the case where the perspective view is displayed by changing the conversion parameter in the upper display area and the lower display area as shown in FIG. 10B, and there are two display screens as shown in FIG. The same applies to the case where the map is displayed divided into two. Here, the map displayed on the two divided screens is “perspective view and plan view without coordinate conversion”, “two perspective views with different display ranges”, and “vehicle traveling direction on the screen” Various patterns are conceivable, such as a map that matches the direction and a map that matches the destination direction with the upper direction of the screen.
[0042]
As the display mode, for example, switching to the respective screens shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C is performed when, for example, manual switching is performed according to the driver's request using a manual operation switch, or described earlier. As described above, when dividing the screen area into multiple areas so that the destination falls within the display range and changing the conversion parameters so that the area above the screen is wider, the front area becomes wider when driving at high speed. In the case where the conversion parameter is changed according to the traveling speed, the current position approaches a specific point such as a guidance intersection and the feature information is displayed.
[0043]
When displaying a perspective view while tracking the current position, if the change in the traveling direction of the vehicle in a unit time such as high-speed traveling or turning of a curve is large, there is a disadvantage that the followability of the display is deteriorated. For example, when the current position detection device detects the current position and traveling direction of the vehicle every second and rewrites the map range to be displayed at that timing, if the traveling direction of the vehicle changes suddenly in a short time, it is displayed suddenly. The direction of the map to be changed is changed, and it becomes difficult for the user to understand the relationship with the previous map. In such a case, an offset map may be inserted between the previous map and the local map to continuously rotate and display. The offset map is divided into several stages, for example, α = 5 °, 10 °, 20 °... As shown in FIG. For example, when the traveling direction changes by 30 °, three offset maps of 5 °, 10 °, and 20 ° are inserted and displayed between the previous map and the local map. Map rewriting is controlled according to the amount of change in the direction of travel of the vehicle per unit time. When the amount of change in the direction of travel is large, the display direction of the perspective view is changed. When the amount of change is small, the perspective view is displayed. Only the direction of the current position mark may be changed without changing the direction. Also, it is possible to predict the direction in which the vehicle will turn next from the information on the route to the destination and the road where the vehicle is currently traveling and the road to be connected, and determine the display direction based on the predicted direction. Good. With such a configuration, the driver of the vehicle can know in advance the curved road map. Moreover, you may perform such prediction based on the winker which the driver operated.
[0044]
In addition, when the traveling locus is displayed overlaid on the perspective view, the traveling locus points are stored for each predetermined time or every predetermined distance as shown in FIG. Similarly to the display of the route described above, interpolation is performed when the interval between the traveling locus points is long, and conversely, when the interval between the traveling locus points is short, thinning is performed.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to display a perspective view by converting coordinates to a map with depth by setting and calculating a simple parameter corresponding to a rectangle and a trapezoid. Coordinate conversion can be performed by simple calculation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division without using the height of the viewpoint, the processing load can be reduced, the processing speed can be increased, and a perspective view with depth can be displayed.
[0046]
The display control means controls the display range of the map based on the current position, the destination, and the route, divides the area according to the distance from the current position, changes the trapezoid conversion parameter, and gradually displays the map so that it can be displayed in a wide area. Control the display range and display the current position mark and destination mark as route guidance information on the map instead of the destination mark indicating the destination direction mark when the destination is not in the display range, Based on the coordinate values stored for the current position mark, route, and travel locus points for each predetermined time or distance, the travel locus is displayed on the map, and the map and the information about the specific facilities and landmarks along the route as feature information Since it is displayed above, it is possible to display useful route guidance information superimposed on a perspective view of an appropriate display range.
[0047]
The coordinate conversion means includes a height coordinate conversion means for converting the Y coordinate value of the two-dimensional coordinates after setting the trapezoid conversion parameters and converting the coordinates based on the height information, and has a constant path or traveling locus. The height information is given, the height information is coordinate-converted by the height coordinate conversion means, and the route and the traveling locus are displayed on the map. When the interval between the coordinate values after the coordinate conversion is long, an interpolation point is provided in the middle. When the setting is made and the interval between coordinate values is short, thinning is performed and displayed, so that the route and the traveling locus can be displayed on the road in a three-dimensional manner.
[0048]
The information storage means stores the amount of information corresponding to the display level divided into a plurality of layers as map data and route guidance information, and the display control means stores the route guidance information so that the amount of information in the wide display area is reduced. Since the display level is controlled for each road type with respect to the wide area display area, appropriate information can be provided according to the position of the near and far.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a map display device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a trapezoidal coordinate conversion algorithm by the map display device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a coordinate conversion algorithm for building height data;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of guide road data and the like.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of display processing of a map centered on a current position.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of processing for displaying a destination and a destination direction.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of map display switching control when a route is off;
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of display control that places importance on a route;
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of the structure of data divided into a plurality of hierarchies.
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of switching between a display area and a screen.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of screen rotation processing;
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of travel locus data.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Input device, 2 ... Current position detection device, 3 ... Information storage device, 4 ... Central processing unit, 5 ... Information transmission / reception device, 6 ... Output device, 11 ... Coordinate conversion part, 12 ... Conversion parameter

Claims (8)

Information storage means for storing road map data and route guidance information on two-dimensional coordinates;
Detecting means for detecting the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle;
Road map data acquisition means for acquiring two-dimensional coordinates of data relating to road map data and route guidance information from the information storage means based on the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle detected by the detection means;
Display means for displaying a road map and route guidance information defined by the two-dimensional coordinates acquired by the road map data acquisition means on a display screen as a plan view;
In a road map display device comprising a display control means for controlling a display range of the map displayed on the display means and route guidance information,
A pair of upper and lower triangles is defined by a diagonal line connecting one end of the upper side and the other end of the lower side of a predetermined quadrangular two-dimensional coordinate and a straight line parallel to the y-axis intersecting at an appropriate division position in the x-axis direction. Coordinate conversion means for converting into trapezoidal coordinates for perspective view display by a conversion formula determined so as to maintain the linearity of the diagonal line based on the ratio after conversion of
The coordinate conversion means converts the two-dimensional coordinates of the road map data corresponding to the perspective map acquired by the road map data acquisition means and the data relating to the route guidance information into the trapezoidal coordinates, and the display means uses the coordinate conversion means. Display a road map and route guidance information in the vehicle traveling direction defined by the converted trapezoidal coordinates on the display screen as a perspective view,
The road map display device, wherein the display control means controls a map display range based on a current position and a destination. Information storage means for storing road map data and route guidance information on two-dimensional coordinates;
Detecting means for detecting the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle;
Road map data acquisition means for acquiring two-dimensional coordinates of data relating to road map data and route guidance information from the information storage means based on the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle detected by the detection means;
Display means for displaying a road map and route guidance information defined by the two-dimensional coordinates acquired by the road map data acquisition means on a display screen as a plan view;
In a road map display device comprising a display control means for controlling a display range of the map displayed on the display means and route guidance information,
A pair of upper and lower triangles is defined by a diagonal line connecting one end of the upper side and the other end of the lower side of a predetermined quadrangular two-dimensional coordinate and a straight line parallel to the y-axis intersecting at an appropriate division position in the x-axis direction. Coordinate conversion means for converting into trapezoidal coordinates for perspective view display by a conversion formula determined so as to maintain the linearity of the diagonal line based on the ratio after conversion of
The coordinate conversion means converts the two-dimensional coordinates of the road map data corresponding to the perspective map acquired by the road map data acquisition means and the data relating to the route guidance information into the trapezoidal coordinates, and the display means uses the coordinate conversion means. Display a road map and route guidance information in the vehicle traveling direction defined by the converted trapezoidal coordinates on the display screen as a perspective view,
The road map display device, wherein the display control unit controls a display range of a map so that the route is continuously displayed on the display unit based on a current position and a route. Information storage means for storing road map data and route guidance information on two-dimensional coordinates;
Detecting means for detecting the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle;
Road map data acquisition means for acquiring two-dimensional coordinates of data relating to road map data and route guidance information from the information storage means based on the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle detected by the detection means;
Display means for displaying a road map and route guidance information defined by the two-dimensional coordinates acquired by the road map data acquisition means on a display screen as a plan view;
In a road map display device comprising a display control means for controlling a display range of the map displayed on the display means and route guidance information,
A pair of upper and lower triangles is defined by a diagonal line connecting one end of the upper side and the other end of the lower side of a predetermined quadrangular two-dimensional coordinate and a straight line parallel to the y-axis intersecting at an appropriate division position in the x-axis direction. Coordinate conversion means for converting into trapezoidal coordinates for perspective view display by a conversion formula determined so as to maintain the linearity of the diagonal line based on the ratio after conversion of
The coordinate conversion means converts the two-dimensional coordinates of the road map data corresponding to the perspective map acquired by the road map data acquisition means and the data relating to the route guidance information into the trapezoidal coordinates, and the display means uses the coordinate conversion means. Display a road map and route guidance information in the vehicle traveling direction defined by the converted trapezoidal coordinates on the display screen as a perspective view,
A road map display device that displays a current position mark and a destination mark on the map as the route guidance information.   4. The road map display device according to claim 3, wherein a destination direction mark indicating a destination direction is displayed on the map in place of the destination mark when the destination is not within the display range. Information storage means for storing road map data and route guidance information on two-dimensional coordinates;
Detecting means for detecting the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle;
Road map data acquisition means for acquiring two-dimensional coordinates of data relating to road map data and route guidance information from the information storage means based on the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle detected by the detection means;
Display means for displaying a road map and route guidance information defined by the two-dimensional coordinates acquired by the road map data acquisition means on a display screen as a plan view;
In a road map display device comprising a display control means for controlling a display range of the map displayed on the display means and route guidance information,
A pair of upper and lower triangles is defined by a diagonal line connecting one end of the upper side and the other end of the lower side of a predetermined quadrangular two-dimensional coordinate and a straight line parallel to the y-axis intersecting at an appropriate division position in the x-axis direction. Coordinate conversion means for converting into trapezoidal coordinates for perspective view display by a conversion formula determined so as to maintain the linearity of the diagonal line based on the ratio after conversion of
The coordinate conversion means converts the two-dimensional coordinates of the road map data corresponding to the perspective map acquired by the road map data acquisition means and the data relating to the route guidance information into the trapezoidal coordinates, and the display means uses the coordinate conversion means. Display a road map and route guidance information in the vehicle traveling direction defined by the converted trapezoidal coordinates on the display screen as a perspective view,
A road map display device that displays a travel locus on the map based on coordinate values stored as travel route points at predetermined time intervals or predetermined distances as the route guidance information.   6. The travel locus is displayed by setting an interpolation point in the middle when the interval between coordinate values after coordinate conversion is long, and performing thinning when the interval between the coordinate values is short. Road map display device. Information storage means for storing road map data and route guidance information on two-dimensional coordinates;
Detecting means for detecting the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle;
Road map data acquisition means for acquiring two-dimensional coordinates of data relating to road map data and route guidance information from the information storage means based on the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle detected by the detection means;
Display means for displaying a road map and route guidance information defined by the two-dimensional coordinates acquired by the road map data acquisition means on a display screen as a plan view;
In a road map display device comprising a display control means for controlling a display range of the map displayed on the display means and route guidance information,
A pair of upper and lower triangles is defined by a diagonal line connecting one end of the upper side and the other end of the lower side of a predetermined quadrangular two-dimensional coordinate and a straight line parallel to the y-axis intersecting at an appropriate division position in the x-axis direction. Coordinate conversion means for converting into trapezoidal coordinates for perspective view display by a conversion formula determined so as to maintain the linearity of the diagonal line based on the ratio after conversion of
The coordinate conversion means converts the two-dimensional coordinates of the road map data corresponding to the perspective map acquired by the road map data acquisition means and the data relating to the route guidance information into the trapezoidal coordinates, and the display means uses the coordinate conversion means. Display a road map and route guidance information in the vehicle traveling direction defined by the converted trapezoidal coordinates on the display screen as a perspective view,
The information storage means stores the amount of information according to the display level divided into a plurality of layers as the map data and route guidance information, and the display control means routes the information so that the amount of information in the wide display area is reduced. A road map display device characterized by controlling guide information. Information storage means for storing road map data and route guidance information on two-dimensional coordinates;
Detecting means for detecting the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle;
Road map data acquisition means for acquiring two-dimensional coordinates of data relating to road map data and route guidance information from the information storage means based on the current position and traveling direction of the host vehicle detected by the detection means;
Display means for displaying a road map and route guidance information defined by the two-dimensional coordinates acquired by the road map data acquisition means on a display screen as a plan view;
In a road map display device comprising a display control means for controlling a display range of the map displayed on the display means and route guidance information,
A pair of upper and lower triangles is defined by a diagonal line connecting one end of the upper side and the other end of the lower side of a predetermined quadrangular two-dimensional coordinate and a straight line parallel to the y-axis intersecting at an appropriate division position in the x-axis direction. Coordinate conversion means for converting into trapezoidal coordinates for perspective view display by a conversion formula determined so as to maintain the linearity of the diagonal line based on the ratio after conversion of
The coordinate conversion means converts the two-dimensional coordinates of the road map data corresponding to the perspective map acquired by the road map data acquisition means and the data relating to the route guidance information into the trapezoidal coordinates, and the display means uses the coordinate conversion means. Display a road map and route guidance information in the vehicle traveling direction defined by the converted trapezoidal coordinates on the display screen as a perspective view,
The road map display device, wherein the display control means controls a display level for each road type with respect to a wide display area.

Images