JP3895208B2 - Method for producing coffee beverage - Google Patents
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- JP3895208B2 JP3895208B2 JP2002097246A JP2002097246A JP3895208B2 JP 3895208 B2 JP3895208 B2 JP 3895208B2 JP 2002097246 A JP2002097246 A JP 2002097246A JP 2002097246 A JP2002097246 A JP 2002097246A JP 3895208 B2 JP3895208 B2 JP 3895208B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コーヒー又はコーヒー関連飲料等コーヒー飲料の製造方法に関するものであって、更に詳細には、脱酸素条件下での処理と高圧処理とを併用することにより、すぐれた外観を示し、すぐれた風香味を有するコーヒー飲料を製造する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
コーヒー飲料の製造において、酸化劣化防止、沈殿防止など、各々での技術改良はなされてきた。例えば酸化劣化防止では、製造工程中の酸素をできる限り除去する方法が見出され、風味の良いコーヒー飲料を製造することができてきた。
【0003】
また、沈殿防止では、酸処理、酵素処理、濾過処理などの方法により、かなり解決できたが、これらの方法では風味への影響が大きく、必ずしも品質的に良いものとは言えなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来は、缶飲料など、中身の見えない容器での販売が主であったため、見た目はさ程重視されず、風味の改善技術に注力されたが、最近では、PET飲料の普及により、コーヒーも透明容器で生産されるようにもなり、品質だけでなく、見た目も重視されてきている。
【0005】
たしかに、酸化劣化防止技術により、風味の良い飲料を製造することは一応可能になったが、沈殿や凝集、オイル浮上などの問題までは解決できなかった。また、沈殿防止技術により製造した飲料では、見た目には良いが、処理方法によって風味に悪影響を与えたりするものもあり、充分なものではなかった。
【0006】
このように、コーヒー飲料製造において、酸化劣化防止、沈殿防止、凝集防止、オイル浮上防止など、1つ1つの問題を解決した品質の高い飲料を製造する方法はあるが、一方の問題を解決しても他方の問題が解決されず、結局、これらの問題を総合的に解決した方法というのは今までになかった。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記した問題を一挙に解決するためになされたものであって、各方面から検討の結果、解決すべき問題が多岐に亘るため、ひとつの処理では解決が困難である点に着目し、複数の処理を併用する必要を認めた。
【0008】
そこで本発明者らは、多数の処理の検討を行い、それらの処理の中からナノマイザーを用いる高圧処理(均質化)に着目して、コーヒー抽出液を高圧処理した。しかしながら、高圧処理はコーヒーの処理には有害であることが確認された。すなわち、後記するところから明らかなように、高圧処理は、コーヒーの嫌な苦味成分(褐色色素A)を増加させるため、コーヒー製造には不適であるというデータが得られたのである。
【0009】
それにもかかわらず、本発明者らは、発想を転換して、コーヒーの製造には不適であるというデータが示された高圧処理にあえて注目し、更に広範な検討を行った。その結果、全く予期せざることに、後記するところからも明らかなように、脱酸素条件下で抽出したコーヒー抽出液を高圧処理したところ、嫌な不快苦味成分(褐色色素A)が減少、低下するというきわめて有用な新知見を得た。そしてそれどころか、良好な苦味成分(褐色色素C)が増加し、しかも、沈殿や凝集が防止され、コーヒーオイルの浮上も防止されて、長期間保存してもきわめてきれいな外観を呈し、特に透明なPETボトル等透明容器に充填した場合にすぐれた効果が奏されるという有用新知見を併せ得ることもできた。
【0010】
一方、コーヒー抽出液としては、不活性ガス雰囲気下で製造したものを使用したことにより、酸化や劣化が本来防止されているのであるが、この作用効果は高圧処理によっても影響を受けないこともはじめて確認した。しかも、高圧処理のみでは、保存中におけるコーヒー飲料の酸化が進行し、これを防止することはできないところ、脱酸素雰囲気下で抽出を行うことにより、これを防止して風香味にもすぐれたコーヒー飲料を創製することにはじめて成功した。
【0011】
本発明は、これらの有用にして且つ新規な知見に基づき更に研究の結果、遂に完成されたものである。すなわち、本発明は、高圧処理に脱酸素処理を併用するという新規な構成をはじめて採用することにより、高圧処理では不可避であった風香味の劣化(不快苦味成分の増加)が防止されるだけではなく、良好な風香味(良好な苦味成分)は増進するという全く予測をこえた顕著な効果というより予測し得ない新規な効果が奏されるという特徴を有し、そしてそのうえ更に、沈殿防止、凝集防止、オイル浮上防止という問題を総合的に解決し、更に酸化劣化も防止された、外観上も風香味上もすぐれたコーヒー飲料が製造されるという特徴も有するものである。
【0012】
すなわち本発明は、抽出から充填及び充填する容器までのコーヒー製造における工程(空の容器自体も含む)の少なくともひとつを脱酸素条件下(二酸化炭素、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガス条件下)で実施することによってコーヒー飲料を製造する工程において、その工程の少なくとも1箇所を高圧処理することを特徴とするものである。なお、本発明において、脱酸素条件下での各処理は、全工程に亘って実施するのが好ましい。
以下、本発明について詳述する。
【0013】
(コーヒーの抽出)
本発明を実施するには、コーヒーの抽出した成分を含有する液体を調製する必要がある。この液体には、コーヒー、つまり焙煎したコーヒー豆より各種方法により抽出液(いわゆるレギュラーコーヒー)のほか、コーヒーからの抽出した成分を含有する液体がすべて包含され、例えば、抽出温度等抽出条件を各種かえて抽出したエキス、これらの濃縮液、これらの希釈液、これらから特定の画分を分画して得た成分分画液、あるいは特定の画分を分画除去した例えばカフェインレスコーヒーといった成分分画液、インスタントコーヒーの溶解液等、湯または水(0〜200℃)でコーヒーの抽出した成分を含有する液体がすべて包含される。
【0014】
そして本発明においては、上記した操作を脱酸素条件下で行うのが好ましく、また、コーヒー、水等の主原料のほか、ミルク等の乳製品、砂糖等の糖類、重曹等の副原料といったコーヒー飲料製造で使用する各種原料も脱酸素状態にしておくのが好ましい。抽出についても、通常の抽出方法がすべて使用可能であって特定の抽出方法のみに限定されるものではなく、ドリップ式、ボックス式、連続多塔式、ニーダー式等が適宜使用され、抽出温度も適宜設定し、且つ、不活性ガス雰囲気下といった脱酸素状態で抽出を行うのが好ましい。本発明において、これらの抽出を含む各操作、及び使用原料、抽出液、抽出液に副原料を添加した後、調合液等は、出来得る限りすべて、脱酸素状態におくのが好適である。
【0015】
脱酸素状態とは、脱気、不活性ガス雰囲気、不活性ガスの注入、バブリングあるいは置換のほか、空容器や容器内のヘッドスペースについての脱酸素状態も広く包含するものである。不活性ガスとしては、二酸化炭素、窒素ガス、アルゴンガスの1種又は2種以上が使用される。
【0016】
上記によって得たコーヒーの抽出した成分を含有する液体に副原料を添加し、ゲージアップして、調合液を調製する。副原料としては、コーヒー飲料に使用可能な副原料がすべて挙げられ、例えば、重曹その他のpH調整剤;ビタミンC、ビタミンE等のビタミン類;ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、大豆リン脂質その乳化剤;酸化防止剤;抗酸化剤;グルコース、フルクトース、マルトース、シュークロース、トレハロース、ラフィノース、でんぷん、その他糖類;エリスリトール、マルチトール等の糖アルコール類;生乳(牛乳)、加工乳、脱脂粉乳、全脂粉乳、脱脂乳、濃縮乳その他乳成分を含有する乳製品;甘味料;香料;酵素;その他から1種以上を選択、使用する。
【0017】
本発明においては、抽出液、副原料を添加した液、調合液において、少なくとも1箇所以上高圧処理を施す。高圧処理条件は、20〜200MPa、好ましくは25〜150MPaの圧力で処理し、均質化させるのが好ましい。20MPaより小さい場合、保存により沈殿が生じる場合があるので、それよりも大きく、例えば25MPa以上とするのが好ましい。また、より大きくなればなるほど優れた効果がみられるが、150MPaでも十分に効果を発揮し、さらに経済的メリットから考えても200MPa以上大きくする必要性が少ない。なお、高圧処理も脱酸素雰囲気下で行なうのが好適である。また、圧力処理時間としては、瞬間乃至は数十秒で良く、瞬間的な処理が好ましい。
【0018】
高圧処理方法としては、バルブ式による高圧処理方法や液と液を衝突させるような全ての高圧処理方法が適用できる。例えば、ジェネレーター構造を有する高圧乳化機が適宜使用可能であって、具体的にはナノジェネレーター(例えば、SNK式ホモゲナイザー:新日本工機(株))、ナノマイザー(例えば、nanomizer PEL−20:宝商(株))等が使用可能である。
【0019】
不活性ガス雰囲気下で調合された液を、容器に充填し、ヘッドスペースを窒素ガス等の不活性ガスフローし、密封をする。なお、これらの操作も脱酸素状態で実施するのが好適である。容器は、スチールやアルミなどの金属缶、PETボトル、紙容器、軟包材容器など密封できる容器であればよい。酸化劣化を防止するためには、充填する前の空容器を不活性ガス置換しておくのが良い。
【0020】
以下、実施例、比較例により更に本発明を説明する。
【0021】
【実施例1】
焙煎したコーヒー豆5000gを粉砕し、95℃のお湯にて抽出し、豆量の10倍の抽出液を得た。この抽出液を20℃まで冷却した後、300メッシュ以上の固形物を除去した。次にこの抽出液を高圧処理装置(新日本工機製:ナノマイザー)にて30MPaで処理をした。その処理液に重曹を添加してpHを6.0に調整した後100リットルまでゲージアップし、これを調合液とした。この調合液を139℃、30秒のUHT殺菌を行い、900ミリリットル容量のPETボトルに充填した。
なおこれら全工程は脱酸素雰囲気下で実施し、使用している水・お湯等も不活性ガスにより置換、さらに充填ボトル内も不活性ガスによる置換を行った。
【0022】
<比施例1>
焙煎したコーヒー豆5000gを粉砕し、95℃のお湯にて抽出し、豆量の10倍の抽出液を得た。この抽出液を20℃まで冷却した後、300メッシュ以上の固形物を除去した。次にこの抽出液を高圧処理装置にて30MPaで処理をした。その処理液に重曹を添加してpHを6.0に調整した後100リットルまでゲージアップし、これを調合液とした。この調合液を139℃、30秒のUHT殺菌を行い、900ミリリットル容量のPETボトルに充填した。
【0023】
<比較例2>
焙煎したコーヒー豆5000gを粉砕し、95℃のお湯にて抽出し、豆量の10倍の抽出液を得た。この抽出液を20℃まで冷却した後、300メッシュ以上の固形物を除去した。次にこの抽出液に重曹を添加してpHを6.0に調整した後100リットルまでゲージアップし、これを調合液とした。この調合液を139℃、30秒のUHT殺菌を行い、900ミリリットル容量のPETボトルに充填した。
なおこれら全工程は脱酸素下で実施し、使用している水・お湯等も不活性ガスにより置換、さらに充填ボトル内の不活性ガスによる置換を行った。
【0024】
<比施例3>
焙煎したコーヒー豆5000gを粉砕し、95℃のお湯にて抽出し、豆量の10倍の抽出液を得た。この抽出液を20℃まで冷却した後、300メッシュ以上の固形物を除去した。次にこの抽出液に重曹を添加してpHを6.0に調整した後100リットルまでゲージアップし、これを調合液とした。この調合液を139℃、30秒のUHT殺菌を行い、900ミリリットル容量のPETボトルに充填した。
【0025】
実施例1及び比較例1、2、3で得られた各コーヒー飲料について、37℃、8週間の加熱加速度経時試験を実施し、風香味の確認(A)及びコーヒー中のオイル分の浮上状況(B)の確認を行った。その結果を表1に示す。
【0026】
【0027】
風香味の確認(A)は、熟練したパネル10名により、経時を開始する前(未経時)の時点と37℃で4週間後の2回実施した。評価の基準は、「良い」=5、「やや良い」=4、「普通」=3、「やや悪い」=2、「悪い」=1の5段階とした。
【0028】
また、コーヒーのオイル浮上の状況(B)は、目視確認にて37℃で8週間まで行い、評価の基準は以下の6段階とした。なお表1には5検体の評価の平均値を記載する。
※ 評価基準
0:コーヒー中のオイル成分の浮上は確認できない。
1:若干オイル成分が浮上しているが、商品価値的には全く問題ない。
2:多少オイル成分が浮上しているが、商品価値的には問題ない。
3:オイル成分が浮上してきており、商品としての価値が若干低い。
4:オイル成分の浮上が激しく、商品としての価値は低い。
5:嫌悪感を抱かせる程、オイル成分の浮上が激しい。
【0029】
また、同時にコーヒーの苦味成分の指標となる褐色色素についても分析を行った。褐色色素の分離にはSephadex G−25カラムクロマトグラフィーにて行い、分離された液の400nmでの吸光度を測定し各色素の定量を行った。表2ではコーヒー抽出液の高圧処理時の雰囲気(大気下もしくは脱酸素下)の違いにより各褐色色素がどのように変化しているのかを示している。ここでは高圧処理を行っていない区分(比較例2、比較例3)の各色素量を100として、処理後(実施例1、比較例1)の各色素量を記載している。
【0030】
各褐色色素の特徴であるが、褐色色素C→褐色色素B→褐色色素Aの順に良好な苦味から不快な苦味を感じるようになり、分子量もこの順に大きくなり、特に褐色色素Aは極めて高分子量の成分であることが知られている。
【0031】
【0032】
(大気下でのコーヒー抽出液の高圧処理による効果)
まず大気下でコーヒー抽出液を高圧処理を施した比較例1と、その未処理である比較例3とを比較した場合、風香味に関しては処理中の酸化劣化の影響で比較例1の方が後味の切れが悪く、香り全体の強さも必然的に低下していた。風香味に関しては評価は良くないが、オイル分の浮上に関しては非常に良好で約70%の浮上抑制効果を示していた。
【0033】
(脱酸素下での製造による効果)
大気下で製造された比較例3と、脱酸素下で製造された比較例2を比較すると、比較例2では酸化劣化を極力抑えて製造することで新鮮な香りが強く残っており、コーヒーの嫌な後味が抑えられていた。またコーヒーオイルの浮上も25%も抑えており、脱酸素下で製造するデメリットは全くないが、コーヒーオイルの浮上の更なる抑制効果が期待される。
【0034】
(脱酸素下でのコーヒー抽出液の高圧処理による効果)
比較例3ではオイル浮上の抑制に関しては良好であったが、酸化劣化したため風香味が悪かった。また比較例2においては風香味は優れているもののオイル浮上を完全に抑えるまでには至っていない。一方脱酸素下においてコーヒー抽出液の高圧処理を行った実施例1においては、オイル浮上、風香味ともに優れていた。
風香味に関しては高圧処理における若干の香り低下は見られるものの、嫌な後味は感じられない。逆にスッキリ感が出ており品質的には未処理品である比較例2と甲乙付け難い評価となっていた。
【0035】
このように官能的にも脱酸素下でのコーヒー抽出液の高圧処理の優位性は明らかであったが、成分的にも同様の傾向が見られている。表2にコーヒーの苦味成分である褐色色素の分離結果を示しているが、人が不快に感じる嫌な苦味成分である褐色色素Aは大気下での高圧処理(比較例2)と比較し実施例1では、その増加量は低く抑えられており、また良好な苦味を呈する褐色色素Cでは大気下での高圧処理では低減しているのに対し、脱酸素下での高圧処理では逆に増加する傾向が確認された。上記結果から明らかなように、褐色色素に関しては、高圧処理はコーヒー飲料の製造にはむしろ有害のデータが明らかにされているように、高圧処理はコーヒーの製造に使用できないことが明示されているにもかかわらず、本発明はあえてこれに抗したものであって、脱酸素処理との有機的結合に大きな特徴を有するものである。
【0036】
また、コーヒーの酸味成分である有機酸の分析においても、後味に残る不快な酸味であるギ酸や酢酸の発生量も脱酸素下で処理することで低く抑えることができることも確認している。
【0037】
さらに、コーヒーのオイル成分の浮上に関しては、「高圧処理の効果」と「脱酸素下の効果」が合わさり比較例3と比較して約85%のオイル浮上抑制効果を示しており、非常に良好な相乗的な結果が得られた。
【0038】
このように、コーヒー中のオイル成分の浮上を抑制し、しかも製品の品質を低下させていないことからも、脱酸素下でのコーヒー抽出液の高圧処理は非常に有益な手段であることが判断できる。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
脱酸素条件下にて高圧処理する事により、PETボトル容器等の内容液を目視できる容器においてコーヒーオイルの浮上もしくは付着を抑制する事が出来るために、商品価値の向上が出来、且つ品質クレームの発生を抑制でき、コーヒーオイルの浮上や分離が起きる事を防止し、コーヒーオイルの変化臭・劣化臭の発生を防いでいる。
【0040】
大気下で処理すれば、褐色色素Aのみを大幅に増加させ、引いては不快な苦味が強いコーヒーとなってしまうのであるが、本製造方法を行う事により、コーヒーオイルの酸化が防止出来且つ変化・劣化臭の低減が可能であり品質がアップし、更に、脱酸素下で処理することにより褐色色素のバランスを大幅に変化させていない事から良質なコーヒー感をアップさせる効果がある。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing coffee beverages such as coffee or coffee-related beverages. More specifically, the present invention shows an excellent appearance by using a combination of a treatment under deoxygenated conditions and a high-pressure treatment. The present invention relates to a method for producing a coffee beverage having a savory flavor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the production of coffee beverages, various technical improvements have been made, such as prevention of oxidative degradation and prevention of precipitation. For example, in order to prevent oxidative deterioration, a method for removing oxygen in the production process as much as possible has been found, and a coffee beverage having a good flavor has been able to be produced.
[0003]
In addition, precipitation prevention can be considerably solved by methods such as acid treatment, enzyme treatment, and filtration treatment, but these methods have a great influence on the flavor and are not necessarily good in quality.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the past, it was mainly sold in containers that could not be seen, such as can drinks, so the appearance was not so important and focus was placed on flavor improvement technology. It has been produced in transparent containers, and not only quality but also appearance has been emphasized.
[0005]
To be sure, it was possible to produce a savory beverage by oxidative degradation prevention technology, but it was not possible to solve problems such as precipitation, aggregation and oil floating. In addition, the beverage produced by the precipitation prevention technology is good in appearance, but there are some which have a bad influence on the flavor depending on the treatment method, and it is not sufficient.
[0006]
As described above, there is a method for producing a high quality beverage that solves each problem, such as prevention of oxidative deterioration, prevention of precipitation, prevention of aggregation, and prevention of oil floating in coffee beverage production. However, the other problem has not been solved, and there has never been a method for comprehensively solving these problems.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention was made to solve the above problems all at once, and as a result of examinations from various directions, there are a wide variety of problems to be solved, and thus it is difficult to solve with one process. And recognized the need to use multiple treatments in combination.
[0008]
Therefore, the present inventors examined a number of treatments, and paid attention to high-pressure treatment (homogenization) using a nanomizer from among those treatments, and high-pressure treated the coffee extract. However, it has been confirmed that the high-pressure treatment is harmful to the coffee treatment. That is, as will be apparent from the following description, data indicating that high-pressure treatment is unsuitable for coffee production because it increases the bitter component of coffee (brown pigment A).
[0009]
Nevertheless, the present inventors changed their mindset and focused on high-pressure processing that showed data that it was unsuitable for coffee production, and conducted extensive studies. As a result, unexpectedly, as will be apparent from the following description, when the coffee extract extracted under deoxygenated conditions was subjected to high pressure treatment, the unpleasant unpleasant bitterness component (brown pigment A) decreased and decreased. I obtained a very useful new knowledge. On the contrary, good bitterness component (brown pigment C) is increased, precipitation and aggregation are prevented, coffee oil is prevented from floating, and it has a very clean appearance even when stored for a long time. It was also possible to obtain useful new knowledge that excellent effects were exhibited when filled in transparent containers such as bottles.
[0010]
On the other hand, as a coffee extract, the one produced under an inert gas atmosphere is used to prevent oxidation and deterioration. However, this effect is not affected by high-pressure treatment. Confirmed for the first time. Moreover, the oxidation of coffee beverages during storage cannot be prevented by high-pressure treatment alone, and this cannot be prevented. However, by performing extraction in a deoxygenated atmosphere, this is prevented and the coffee has excellent flavor. For the first time, he succeeded in creating beverages.
[0011]
The present invention has finally been completed as a result of further research based on these useful and novel findings. That is, the present invention adopts a novel configuration in which deoxygenation is used in combination with high-pressure treatment for the first time, and only prevents the flavor deterioration (increase in unpleasant bitterness component) that was unavoidable in high-pressure treatment. And a good flavor (good bitterness component) has the characteristic of producing an unpredictable new effect rather than a remarkable effect that is totally unexpected, and further, preventing precipitation, The present invention also has a feature that a coffee beverage excellent in appearance and flavor is produced, which solves the problems of preventing aggregation and oil floating, and further prevents oxidation deterioration.
[0012]
That is, according to the present invention, at least one of the steps in coffee production from extraction to filling and filling containers (including empty containers themselves) is performed under deoxygenation conditions (under inert gas conditions such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon). In the process of producing a coffee beverage by carrying out, at least one part of the process is subjected to high pressure treatment. In addition, in this invention, it is preferable to implement each process under deoxygenation conditions over all the processes.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0013]
(Coffee extraction)
In order to practice the present invention, it is necessary to prepare a liquid containing the extracted components of coffee. This liquid includes all liquids containing components extracted from coffee (so-called regular coffee) by various methods from coffee, that is, roasted coffee beans. Extracts extracted in various ways, concentrated solutions thereof, diluted solutions thereof, component fractions obtained by fractionating specific fractions from these, or caffeine-less coffee obtained by fractionating and removing specific fractions, for example All liquids containing components extracted from coffee with hot water or water (0 to 200 ° C.), such as a component fraction solution and instant coffee solution, are included.
[0014]
In the present invention, the above-described operation is preferably performed under deoxygenated conditions. In addition to coffee, main ingredients such as water, dairy products such as milk, sugars such as sugar, and auxiliary ingredients such as baking soda It is preferable that various raw materials used in beverage production are also deoxygenated. Also for extraction, all normal extraction methods can be used and are not limited to specific extraction methods, and drip, box, continuous multi-column, kneader, etc. are used as appropriate, and the extraction temperature is also high. It is preferable to perform extraction in a deoxygenated state such as in an inert gas atmosphere set appropriately. In the present invention, after each operation including these extractions and the auxiliary raw materials are added to the raw materials used, the extraction liquid, and the extraction liquid, it is preferable that all of the preparation liquid and the like are in a deoxygenated state as much as possible.
[0015]
The deoxygenated state broadly encompasses deoxygenated states of empty containers and headspaces in containers as well as degassing, inert gas atmosphere, inert gas injection, bubbling or replacement. As the inert gas, one or more of carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, and argon gas are used.
[0016]
An auxiliary material is added to the liquid containing the extracted components of the coffee obtained as described above, and gauged up to prepare a mixed solution. Examples of auxiliary materials include all auxiliary materials that can be used in coffee beverages, such as sodium bicarbonate and other pH adjusters; vitamins such as vitamin C and vitamin E; sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, soybean phospholipid Emulsifier; Antioxidant; Antioxidant; Glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, starch, other sugars; sugar alcohols such as erythritol, maltitol; raw milk (milk), processed milk, skim milk powder, whole Milk powder, skim milk, concentrated milk and other dairy products containing milk components; sweeteners; fragrances; enzymes;
[0017]
In the present invention, at least one or more high-pressure treatments are performed in the extract, the liquid added with the auxiliary material, and the preparation liquid. The high-pressure treatment conditions are preferably 20 to 200 MPa, preferably 25 to 150 MPa, and homogenized. If the pressure is less than 20 MPa, precipitation may occur due to storage, so it is preferably larger than that, for example, 25 MPa or more. In addition, the larger the value, the better the effect. However, the effect is sufficiently exhibited even at 150 MPa, and there is little need to increase it by 200 MPa or more from the viewpoint of economic merit. Note that the high-pressure treatment is also preferably performed in a deoxygenated atmosphere. The pressure treatment time may be instantaneous or several tens of seconds, and instantaneous treatment is preferable.
[0018]
As the high-pressure treatment method, a valve-type high-pressure treatment method or any high-pressure treatment method in which a liquid and a liquid collide can be applied. For example, a high-pressure emulsifier having a generator structure can be used as appropriate. Specifically, a nanogenerator (for example, SNK type homogenizer: Shin Nippon Koki Co., Ltd.), a nanomizer (for example, nanomizer PEL-20: Takarasho) Etc.) can be used.
[0019]
A liquid prepared under an inert gas atmosphere is filled in a container, and an inert gas such as nitrogen gas is flowed through the head space to seal it. These operations are also preferably performed in a deoxygenated state. The container may be any container that can be sealed, such as a metal can such as steel or aluminum, a PET bottle, a paper container, or a soft packaging material container. In order to prevent oxidative degradation, it is preferable to replace the empty container before filling with an inert gas.
[0020]
The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples and comparative examples.
[0021]
[Example 1]
5000 g of roasted coffee beans were pulverized and extracted with hot water at 95 ° C. to obtain an extract 10 times the amount of beans. After this extract was cooled to 20 ° C., solids of 300 mesh or more were removed. Next, this extract was treated at 30 MPa with a high-pressure treatment apparatus (manufactured by Shin Nippon Koki: Nanomizer). Sodium bicarbonate was added to the treatment solution to adjust the pH to 6.0, and the gauge was increased to 100 liters to prepare a preparation solution. This prepared solution was UHT sterilized at 139 ° C. for 30 seconds and filled into a 900 ml PET bottle.
All these steps were carried out in a deoxygenated atmosphere, and water and hot water used were replaced with inert gas, and the inside of the filled bottle was also replaced with inert gas.
[0022]
<Specific application example 1>
5000 g of roasted coffee beans were pulverized and extracted with hot water at 95 ° C. to obtain an extract 10 times the amount of beans. After this extract was cooled to 20 ° C., solids of 300 mesh or more were removed. Next, this extract was processed at 30 MPa in a high-pressure processing apparatus. Sodium bicarbonate was added to the treatment solution to adjust the pH to 6.0, and the gauge was increased to 100 liters to prepare a preparation solution. This prepared solution was UHT sterilized at 139 ° C. for 30 seconds and filled into a 900 ml PET bottle.
[0023]
<Comparative example 2>
5000 g of roasted coffee beans were pulverized and extracted with hot water at 95 ° C. to obtain an extract 10 times the amount of beans. After this extract was cooled to 20 ° C., solids of 300 mesh or more were removed. Next, sodium bicarbonate was added to the extract to adjust the pH to 6.0, and then the gauge was increased to 100 liters. This prepared solution was UHT sterilized at 139 ° C. for 30 seconds and filled into a 900 ml PET bottle.
All these steps were carried out under deoxygenation, and water and hot water used were replaced with inert gas, and further replaced with inert gas in the filled bottle.
[0024]
<Specific application example 3>
5000 g of roasted coffee beans were pulverized and extracted with hot water at 95 ° C. to obtain an extract 10 times the amount of beans. After this extract was cooled to 20 ° C., solids of 300 mesh or more were removed. Next, sodium bicarbonate was added to the extract to adjust the pH to 6.0, and then the gauge was increased to 100 liters. This prepared solution was UHT sterilized at 139 ° C. for 30 seconds and filled into a 900 ml PET bottle.
[0025]
About each coffee drink obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, the heating acceleration time-lapse test of 37 degreeC and 8 weeks was implemented, and flavor confirmation (A) and the floating state of the oil content in coffee (B) was confirmed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
[0027]
Confirmation of flavor (A) was performed twice by 10 skilled panelists before starting the aging (not yet) and after 4 weeks at 37 ° C. The evaluation criteria were five levels: “good” = 5, “somewhat good” = 4, “normal” = 3, “somewhat bad” = 2, and “bad” = 1.
[0028]
The state of oil floating in the coffee (B) was visually confirmed at 37 ° C. for up to 8 weeks, and the evaluation criteria were as follows. Table 1 shows the average value of the evaluation of 5 samples.
* Evaluation criteria 0: No rise of oil component in coffee can be confirmed.
1: Some oil components are emerging, but there is no problem in terms of commercial value.
2: Although the oil component has surfaced somewhat, there is no problem in terms of commercial value.
3: The oil component has surfaced and its value as a product is slightly low.
4: The oil component is buoyant and its value as a product is low.
5: The oil component rises so much that it makes you feel disgusted.
[0029]
At the same time, brown pigments that serve as indicators of coffee bitterness components were also analyzed. Separation of the brown pigment was performed by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography, and the absorbance at 400 nm of the separated liquid was measured to quantify each pigment. Table 2 shows how each brown pigment changes depending on the atmosphere (under air or under deoxygenation) during the high-pressure treatment of the coffee extract. Here, the amount of each dye after the treatment (Example 1, Comparative Example 1) is described with the amount of each dye in the section not subjected to the high-pressure treatment (Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3) being 100.
[0030]
It is a characteristic of each brown pigment, but in the order of brown pigment C → brown pigment B → brown pigment A, it begins to feel an unpleasant bitter taste, and the molecular weight also increases in this order. It is known to be a component of
[0031]
[0032]
(Effect of high-pressure treatment of coffee extract in the atmosphere)
First, when comparing Comparative Example 1 in which the coffee extract was subjected to high-pressure treatment in the atmosphere and Comparative Example 3 that was not treated, Comparative Example 1 was more affected by the oxidative deterioration during the treatment with respect to flavor. The aftertaste was poor and the strength of the fragrance was inevitably reduced. Although the evaluation was not good with respect to the flavor and flavor, it was very good with respect to the floating of the oil content, and showed a floating suppression effect of about 70%.
[0033]
(Effects of manufacturing under deoxygenation)
Comparing Comparative Example 3 manufactured under the atmosphere with Comparative Example 2 manufactured under deoxygenation, in Comparative Example 2, the fresh fragrance remained strongly by producing the product while suppressing oxidative degradation as much as possible. An unpleasant aftertaste was suppressed. Also, the floating of the coffee oil is suppressed by 25%, and there is no demerit to manufacture under deoxygenation, but a further suppression effect of the floating of the coffee oil is expected.
[0034]
(Effect of high-pressure treatment of coffee extract under deoxygenation)
In Comparative Example 3, the suppression of oil levitation was good, but the flavor was bad due to oxidative degradation. In Comparative Example 2, the flavor and flavor are excellent, but the oil floating is not completely suppressed. On the other hand, in Example 1 where the high pressure treatment of the coffee extract was performed under deoxygenation, both the oil floating and flavor were excellent.
With regard to the flavor, a slight scent decrease in high-pressure treatment is observed, but an unpleasant aftertaste is not felt. On the contrary, a refreshing feeling was given, and it was difficult to attach to the comparative example 2 which is an untreated product in terms of quality.
[0035]
Thus, the superiority of the high-pressure treatment of the coffee extract under deoxygenation was apparent from the sensory viewpoint, but the same tendency was observed in terms of components. Table 2 shows the results of separation of brown pigment, which is a bitter component of coffee, but brown pigment A, which is an unpleasant bitter component that humans feel uncomfortable, is compared with high-pressure treatment in air (Comparative Example 2). In Example 1, the amount of increase is kept low, and brown pigment C, which exhibits good bitterness, is reduced by high-pressure treatment under the atmosphere, whereas it is increased by high-pressure treatment under deoxygenation. The tendency to do was confirmed. As can be seen from the above results, for brown pigments, it is clearly stated that high pressure treatment cannot be used for coffee production, as data reveals rather harmful data for coffee beverage production. Nevertheless, the present invention dares to counter this and has a great feature in organic coupling with deoxygenation treatment.
[0036]
In addition, in the analysis of organic acids that are sour components of coffee, it has also been confirmed that the amount of formic acid and acetic acid, which are unpleasant sourness that remains in the aftertaste, can be kept low by treating under deoxygenation.
[0037]
Furthermore, regarding the floating of the oil component of the coffee, “the effect of high-pressure treatment” and “the effect under deoxygenation” are combined, and the oil floating suppression effect of about 85% is shown compared with Comparative Example 3, which is very good. Synergistic results were obtained.
[0038]
In this way, it is determined that high-pressure treatment of the coffee extract under deoxygenation is a very useful means because the rise of the oil component in the coffee is suppressed and the quality of the product is not deteriorated. it can.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
By performing high-pressure treatment under deoxygenated conditions, it is possible to suppress the floating or adhesion of coffee oil in containers that can visually observe the contents of liquids such as PET bottle containers. Occurrence can be suppressed, coffee oil can be prevented from floating and separating, and the change odor and deterioration odor of coffee oil can be prevented.
[0040]
If treated in the atmosphere, only brown pigment A is greatly increased, which leads to a strong coffee with an unpleasant bitterness. However, by carrying out this production method, oxidation of coffee oil can be prevented and The change and deterioration odor can be reduced, the quality is improved, and further, the treatment under deoxygenation has the effect of improving the quality of coffee because the balance of the brown pigment is not changed significantly.
Claims (6)
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