JP3871262B2 - Liquid nutrition composition - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、術後や各種疾患時に通常の食事を摂取できない患者への栄養療法食品として使用される経腸栄養剤などの液状栄養組成物のうち、長期間寝たきりとなる患者に好適に用いられる液状栄養組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
事故や種々の病気に対する急性期医療の発達により救命率は向上したものの、一方で医療技術の発達により寝たきりの状態で管理される入院患者の数が増加している。その中でも患者が高齢者の場合、その40%もの人が血清アルブミン値が低いなど低栄養状態にあると言われ、銅や亜鉛等の微量元素もこれら微量元素の強化されていない流動食を用いて長期間経腸栄養管理を行うとその欠乏が起こることが報告されている。食品の流動食には食品衛生法により銅や亜鉛等の微量元素強化剤が食品添加物として認められていないため、これらの微量元素を強化することができず、そのことが先の微量元素欠乏をもたらす要因ともなっていた。
【0003】
しかしながら、近年微量元素を豊富に含む食品素材を添加することにより、先の問題を克服した流動食も市販されるようになってきた。それらのほとんどは2000年に公表された「第6次改定日本人の栄養所要量」に示された銅、亜鉛等の所要量を元に設計されており、銅含量を1.4mg/1,000kcalから1.8mg/1,000kcalとし、銅:亜鉛の含有比を1:6〜1:7としたことを特徴としたものであった。
【0004】
本発明者らは寝たきりで基礎代謝量が低くなっている患者に経腸栄養療法を施行する場合の適正な銅の所要量を検討するため、銅を豊富に含むココアと各種の経腸流動食を組合わせて長期間投与を行った。その結果、1,000kcal当たりの銅含量が0.36mgに設計された流動食を用い一日当たりの銅の投与量を0.369mgとした場合、7割の患者で血清中の銅の上昇を見たものの、3割は血清銅が低下し、ココアを組合わせて投与量を0.425mgとした場合はほとんどの症例に血清銅の上昇を見たという知見を得たこと等から経腸栄養状態の患者への1日の銅の所要量を0.5から0.6mg(JJPEN 23(3)179-183,2001)とすること、あるいは1,000kcal当り0.5mgの銅を含む流動食を用いて、1日の銅の投与量が0.4mg〜0.7mgとなるような経腸流動食管理を行うことを提案した(静脈経腸栄養16(3)71-75,2001)。
【0005】
これは血清銅の高値が冠動脈疾患の発症に関係があるとの報告から、高銅血症の問題を考慮して検討し、不必要な銅の高濃度添加を再考すべきことを提案したものである。
【0006】
一方、経腸栄養施行状態の患者においては多くが寝たきり状態に置かれる為、床ずれ(褥瘡)を発生する場合が多い。その為、体位交換、体圧減少器具の使用や、栄養改善の工夫などが医療現場で日々行われており、医療従事者の負担を増大させる結果となっている。栄養学的な見地からも褥瘡の発生は摂食障害などによる1日の投与熱量の低下、食餌性亜鉛や蛋白質の不足をもたらし、投与した蛋白質の生体内利用率の低下等によりPEM(蛋白・エネルギー栄養障害)を惹起する原因となると考えられている。
【0007】
このような褥瘡の発生を栄養学的に予防する為に第一に取られる対策は蛋白質や亜鉛、銅の投与量の増加である。中でも亜鉛の不足は皮膚障害や免疫能の低下を来たし、創傷治癒を遅延させると言われているので血清中の亜鉛濃度を維持することは褥瘡予防や治療の上で重要なポイントと考えられる。その為、先に述べた「第6次改定日本人の栄養所要量」の記載を元に蛋白質や亜鉛、銅を始めとする他の微量元素を強化した経腸流動食を経腸栄養管理に使用することが実際に行われるようになってきた。
【0008】
本発明者らも1,000kcalあたりの含有量が銅は1.6mg、亜鉛は10mg(銅:亜鉛=1:6.25)に強化された市販の経腸流動食を寝たきり患者に適用し、血清中の銅・亜鉛欠乏に対する効果を検討した。その結果、亜鉛、銅共に投与量が大幅に増加したにも関わらず、銅は血清濃度が上昇したものの、亜鉛は低下したケースもある等問題を残す結果となり、必ずしも栄養所要量にそって設計された経腸流動食が褥瘡の予防・治療に繋がらないことを見出した(JJPEN 24(3)165-172,2002)。
【0009】
これは亜鉛の吸収が銅の存在により拮抗阻害を受けた結果と推定された。亜鉛の吸収に対しては銅・鉄・セレン・カルシウム等が拮抗的に働くことは既に報告がある(高木ら:日本臨床 49(特別号)微量元素代謝 295 1991)。しかしながら経腸栄養施行時に栄養所要量の推奨値範囲内で銅による亜鉛の吸収阻害が認められ、亜鉛による褥瘡の予防・治療の効果に問題を生じるということはまったく予想できないことであった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らは以上の知見から、寝たきり患者に経腸栄養療法を行う際に好適に用いられ、褥瘡を効果的に予防・治療する上で必要な銅・亜鉛を共に効率良く、且つ過剰投与等の問題を起こさずに適正値の範囲で患者に与えることのできる経腸栄養流動食を提供することを企画した。すなわち本発明は長期に経腸栄養状態に置かれる患者に銅、亜鉛を共に適正な値で与えることができ、褥瘡の予防・治療に効果的に用いることのできる新規で有用な液状栄養組成物を提供することを課題とするものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、長期経腸栄養状態患者において銅欠乏症と銅過剰症を共に回避することを目的として経腸流動食における銅の適正な一日当り投与量を検討し、その値が「第6次改定日本人の栄養所要量」に掲載された値の1.4mg〜1.8mg(12〜69才)ではなく、一日当り0.5mgから0.6mgを銅投与量の推奨値として提案した。さらに実際に「第6次改定日本人の栄養所要量」に従って銅と亜鉛量を設計した経腸流動食を長期経腸栄養状態の患者に適用した結果から、銅と亜鉛量を先に提案した銅の適正な投与量を元に設計し直し、その経腸栄養流動食を長期経腸栄養状態の患者に適用することで、銅・亜鉛共に適正な値に吸収される経腸栄養流動食となることに思い当たった。
【0012】
実際に長期経腸栄養状態の患者に対する検討を行った結果、銅についてはその含量が0.40〜0.9mg/1,000kcal、好ましくは0.5〜0.8mg/1,000kcal、より好ましくは0.5〜0.7mg/1,000kcalであり、亜鉛含量については今回の結果から、先に設定した銅含量の10倍を最低基準とし、亜鉛の褥瘡の予防、治療に与える効果を考慮して過剰摂取とならない量を元に最大量を15mg/1,000kcalとした。これは「第6次改定日本人の栄養所要量」の69歳までの1日当りの許容上限摂取量30mgと50〜69才のエネルギー所要量2,000kcalから算定したものである。つまりこの基準内の液状栄養組成物を新たに調製し、実際に長期に経腸栄養状態に置かれる患者に適用し、血清中の銅濃度、亜鉛濃度共に適正な状態となることを確認し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の液状栄養組成物は経口、経管的に投与される流動食として用いられる。流動食は、主に入院患者における術前・術後の栄養管理に使用されるものであり、消化吸収が良く、栄養価・栄養バランスに優れていることが必要である。従って、蛋白質、脂質、糖質の3大栄養素がバランスよく配合されており、その他に、ビタミン類、ミネラル類が必要量強化されている。食物繊維については、以前は消化管に刺激を与えるということで含まれないことが常識であったが、最近では長期療養患者や老健施設における高齢者に対する需要も増加し、食物繊維を含んだ流動食が多く開発されている。このように現在の流動食はすべての栄養素を含んだ総合栄養食品であるため、入院患者だけでなく在宅高齢者用の食品などとして一般市場への展開も行われている。従って、本発明の液状栄養組成物も微量元素だけでなく総合栄養食品としての側面を十分に考慮して組み立てなくてはならない。
【0014】
本発明の液状栄養組成物に用いられる蛋白質としては乳蛋白、肉蛋白等の動物性蛋白、大豆蛋白等の植物性蛋白、ペプチドやアミノ酸を含む先の蛋白質の酵素分解物等を用いることができる。それらはエネルギー量に注意する必要はあるものの任意に組合わせて用いることができる。蛋白質の流動食中に占めるエネルギー量は全エネルギー量の15〜25%となるよう設計する。
【0015】
糖質としてはブドウ糖、果糖等の単糖類、でんぷん、デキストリン等の多糖類やマルトース、乳糖等の2糖類を含むオリゴ糖類を1種、あるいは2種以上を組合わせて用いる。糖質の流動食中に占めるエネルギー量は全エネルギー量の45〜65%となるように設計する。
【0016】
脂質としては大豆油、コーン油、綿実油、シソ油、ヤシ油、菜種油等の植物油、牛脂、豚脂、魚油等の動物油、合成トリグリセリド等を1種、あるいは2種以上を組合わせて用いることができる。
脂質の流動食中に占めるエネルギー量は全エネルギー量の20〜30%となるように設計する。
【0017】
食物繊維としてはペクチン、アルギン酸ナトリウム等の高分子水溶性食物繊維、セルロース、リグニン、ポリデキストロース、難消化性デキストリン、グアガム酵素分解物等の難消化性の多糖類等を挙げることができる。これらの選択に際しては流動食の粘性を調節するという観点も必要となる。
【0018】
その他、ビタミン類、ミネラル類に関しては第6次改定日本人の栄養所要量に記載の摂取基準を参考に配合量を決定することができる。
【0019】
亜鉛、銅等の微量元素の添加に関しては流動食の場合、食品素材形態での添加が必要となる。例えばカキ等の魚介類、動物の内臓、ココア、肉類、乳製品等や亜鉛や銅を含有する酵母を食品素材形態の例として挙げることができる。また、今後食品添加物として認められるとするならば食品素材形態でなくともグルコン酸銅、グルコン酸亜鉛等の微量元素強化剤を利用することも可能である。
【0020】
本発明で重要なことは銅と亜鉛の含量値を本発明者らが見出した適正範囲に設定することであり、酵母やカキ等どのような食品素材を微量元素源として用いるかは重要でないことに留意していただきたい。
【0021】
さらに、本発明の実施には銅濃度と亜鉛濃度を元々本発明の適正範囲内に調整した流動食を用いる以外に、単体では発明範囲内の銅、亜鉛濃度とはなっていない流動食を複数組合わせて所定の濃度に調整することや銅、亜鉛のいずれかあるいはその両方が適正範囲より低い流動食に対して銅又は亜鉛、あるいはその両方を豊富に含む食品素材を単体もしくは組合わせて添加し、本発明の濃度範囲としてから用いることも可能である。
【0022】
また、これらの流動食は輸送、保存時の利便性を考慮し、供給・保存時は粉末形態とし、使用時に溶解して液状栄養組成物とすることも可能である。
【0023】
本発明において銅については1,000kcal当りの含有量が0.40mgから0.9mg、好ましくは0.5mgから0.8mg、より好ましくは0.5mgから0.7mgとなるように調整する。第6次改定栄養所要量に記載の値は1日当りの銅摂取量が69才男女でそれぞれ1.8mg、1.6mgとなっている。しかしながら本発明者らの検討によれば長期間の経腸栄養施行を行った場合、先の摂取量では銅過剰となる可能性があり本発明の銅含有量の設定が銅欠乏症と高銅血症を防ぐ上で重要なポイントとなる。
【0024】
また、本発明の銅含量の設定は褥瘡を防ぐ上で重要な役割を持っている亜鉛が、実際に患者体内に取り込まれる際にも重要な意味を持ってくる。このことは本発明者らの検討により、栄養所要量記載の銅濃度を含有させた流動食では亜鉛の吸収阻害をもたらす恐れがあることが初めて明らかになったことから導き出されたことである。従って、亜鉛含量の設定は銅含量が本発明の範囲に規定されていることが前提となる。
【0025】
実際のデータでは1,000kcal当りの含有量で銅含量が0.5mgから0.6mgのとき、6から7mgの亜鉛含量となる流動食を経腸栄養管理に用いたところ(銅:亜鉛=1:11-14)銅については長期の経腸栄養施行によっても過剰傾向を認めずに血清銅値が正常範囲内に留まり、一方亜鉛は上昇傾向を示したことで本発明品の有用性が確認された。
【0026】
亜鉛含量については今回血清亜鉛値の上昇が僅かなレベルに留まったことと第6次改定栄養所要量に記載された69才における副作用を認めない一日摂取量が30mgとかなり高い水準にあるという点を考慮し、さらに含量を増やすことが可能と考えられる。
【0027】
先の値は1日の基礎代謝量が2,000kcal程度の人の場合であり、長期経腸栄養状態に置かれている患者は基礎代謝量が低下し、800kcalから1,400kcalとなっていることを考慮すると1,000kcal当りの亜鉛含量が30mg程度の濃度でも適用可能と考えられる。しかしながら基礎代謝量の比較的高い患者に経腸栄養療法を施行した場合も想定した場合には過剰投与の懸念があるため1,000kcal当りの亜鉛含量は15mgを上限に設定した。
【0028】
本発明に用いられる液状栄養組成物の調製例を以下に記す。
(調製例1)市販の流動食を組合わせることにより銅を0.5mg/1,000kcal、亜鉛を5-6mg/1,000kcal含有する液状栄養組成物を得る。
a)市販の流動食「メイバランス(登録商標)C:明治乳業」と「メイバランス(登録商標)Cジクス:明治乳業」を6:4の比率で混合することにより、銅含量0.5mg/1,000kcal、亜鉛含量6mg/1,000kcalの本発明の液状栄養組成物を調製することができる。この際の銅と亜鉛の比率は1:11である。また、この組成物の蛋白質含量は40g/1,000kcalである。
得られた流動食中の成分組成を表1に示す。
【0029】
b)同様に市販の流動食「メイバランス(登録商標)C-HP:明治乳業」と先の「メイバランス(登録商標)Cジクス:明治乳業」を6:4の比率で混合することにより、銅含量0.5mg/1,000kcal、亜鉛含量5mg/1,000kcalの本発明の液状栄養組成物を調製することができる。この際の銅と亜鉛の比率は1:10である。またこの組成物の蛋白質含量は46g/1,000kcalである。
【0030】
(調製例2)市販の流動食に微量元素を豊富に含む食品素材を添加することにより本発明の液状栄養組成物を得る。
市販の流動食「メイバランス(登録商標)C:明治乳業」1,000Lに銅酵母を150〜350g添加することにより、銅含量0.4〜0.9mg/1,000kcalとすることができ、亜鉛酵母を10〜120g添加することにより亜鉛含量4〜15mgとすることができる。銅含量を調整後、亜鉛含量を銅含量の10倍以上とすることで、本発明の液状栄養組成物を調製することができる。
【0031】
【表1】
【0032】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例を挙げて説明するが、本発明はこれにより限定されるものではない。
【0033】
【実施例1】
調製例1-a)で製造した本発明品の流動食を長期経腸栄養施行患者に使用し、血中亜鉛濃度に及ぼす効果を検討した。1日の投与量は銅を0.5〜0.6mg、亜鉛を6〜7mgとした。症例は9例(男性4例、女性5例)平均年齢は80歳であった。7例は他の微量元素強化流動食より、1例は微量元素未強化流動食より、残りの1例は経口食より変更した。変更前と1ヵ月後の早朝空腹時に血液学、生化学、血清銅(正常範囲66〜131μg/dl)、セルロプラスミン(21〜37mg/dl)、亜鉛(59〜135μg/dl)、セレン(9.7〜17.1μg/dl)を測定した。9例とも全期間嘔吐や下痢などはなかった。検査値の変化は血清銅125±50から113±41μg/dl(t検定:p=0.0543)、セルロプラスミン25.2±8.9から22.0±8.2mg/dl(p=0.002)、亜鉛59±12から65±19μg/dl(p=0.2168)、セレン103±25から105±14μg/dl(p=0.7640)、アルブミン3.2±0.4から3.3±0.3g/dl(p=0.3666)となった。統計的な有意差はなかったが、血清亜鉛やアルブミンの上昇がみられた。従って、高齢者の栄養管理、強いては褥瘡対策としての栄養管理の一助になると考えられる。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明の効果は、経腸栄養流動食中の銅含量と亜鉛含量を本発明者らが見出した濃度範囲に設定することで、長期に経腸栄養療法を施行される患者の血清銅、血清亜鉛値を適切な値に保つことが出来、その結果寝たきり患者で問題となる褥瘡の予防・治療にも効果を示すことが期待される、新規で有用な液状栄養組成物を提供することを可能とするものである。
【0035】[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is suitably used for patients who become bedridden for a long time among liquid nutritional compositions such as enteral nutrients used as nutritional foods for patients who cannot take a normal meal after surgery or during various diseases. It relates to a liquid nutritional composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Although the survival rate has improved due to the development of acute care for accidents and various diseases, the number of hospitalized patients managed in bedridden conditions has increased due to the development of medical technology. Among them, when the patient is an elderly person, 40% of them are said to be undernutrition such as low serum albumin levels, and trace elements such as copper and zinc are also used liquid foods that are not enriched with these trace elements. It has been reported that deficiency occurs after long-term enteral nutrition management. In food liquid foods, trace element fortifiers such as copper and zinc are not recognized as food additives by the Food Sanitation Law. It was also a factor that brought about.
[0003]
However, in recent years, liquid foods that have overcome the above problems have been put on the market by adding food materials rich in trace elements. Most of them are designed based on the requirements for copper, zinc, etc., which were announced in 2000, “The 6th revised Japanese nutritional requirements”, and the copper content is 1.4mg / 1,000kcal. It was 1.8 mg / 1,000 kcal, and the content ratio of copper: zinc was 1: 6 to 1: 7.
[0004]
In order to examine the appropriate amount of copper required for enteral nutrition therapy in patients who are bedridden and have a low basal metabolic rate, the present inventors have developed cocoa rich in copper and various enteral liquid foods. For a long time. As a result, when using a liquid diet designed to have a copper content per 1,000 kcal of 0.36 mg and a daily copper dose of 0.369 mg, 70% of patients saw an increase in serum copper, In 30% of cases, serum copper decreased, and when the combined dose of cocoa was 0.425 mg, we found that most cases showed an increase in serum copper. The daily copper requirement should be 0.5 to 0.6 mg (JJPEN 23 (3) 179-183,2001), or a liquid diet containing 0.5 mg of copper per 1,000 kcal. It was proposed that enteral liquid diet management be performed so that the amount is 0.4 mg to 0.7 mg (intravenous enteral nutrition 16 (3) 71-75,2001).
[0005]
This report suggests that high serum copper levels are related to the onset of coronary artery disease, considering the problem of hypercopperemia, and reconsidering unnecessary high copper concentrations. It is.
[0006]
On the other hand, many patients who have undergone enteral nutrition are often bedridden, so bed slippage (decubitus) often occurs. For this reason, posture change, use of a body pressure reducing device, and a device for improving nutrition are carried out every day in the medical field, resulting in an increase in the burden on medical staff. From a nutritional point of view, the occurrence of pressure ulcers leads to a decrease in daily calorific value due to eating disorders, a shortage of dietary zinc and protein, and a decrease in the bioavailability of the administered protein. It is thought to cause energy nutrition disorders).
[0007]
The first action taken to nutritionally prevent such pressure ulcers is to increase the dose of protein, zinc and copper. In particular, lack of zinc is said to cause skin disorders and decreased immunity and delay wound healing. Therefore, maintaining the zinc concentration in serum is considered to be an important point in preventing and treating pressure ulcers. For this reason, enteral liquid foods that have been enriched with other trace elements such as protein, zinc, and copper based on the description in “Sixth Revised Japanese Nutritional Requirements” mentioned earlier are used for enteral nutrition management. It has become practical to use.
[0008]
The present inventors also applied a commercially available enteral liquid diet in which the content per 1,000 kcal was enhanced to 1.6 mg for copper and 10 mg for zinc (copper: zinc = 1: 6.25) for bedridden patients, and copper in serum -The effect on zinc deficiency was examined. As a result, despite the fact that the doses of both zinc and copper increased significantly, the serum concentration of copper increased, but there were cases where zinc decreased, and the problem remained, and it was always designed according to the nutritional requirements. It was found that enteral liquid foods that are not connected to prevention / treatment of pressure ulcers (JJPEN 24 (3) 165-172,2002).
[0009]
This was presumed to be the result of zinc absorption being antagonistically inhibited by the presence of copper. It has already been reported that copper, iron, selenium, calcium, etc. act antagonistically for zinc absorption (Takagi et al .: Japanese Clinical 49 (Special Issue) Trace Element Metabolism 295 1991). However, at the time of enteral nutrition, inhibition of zinc absorption by copper was observed within the recommended range of nutritional requirements, and it was completely unpredictable that there would be a problem with the effectiveness of zinc pressure ulcer prevention and treatment.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
From the above findings, the present inventors are suitably used when enteral nutrition therapy is performed for bedridden patients, and both copper and zinc necessary for effectively preventing and treating pressure ulcers are efficiently and excessively administered. We planned to provide enteral-feeding liquid foods that can be given to patients within the appropriate range without causing any problems. That is, the present invention is a novel and useful liquid nutritional composition that can give copper and zinc at appropriate values to patients who have been in enteral nutrition for a long period of time and can be effectively used for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. It is a problem to provide.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors examined an appropriate daily dose of copper in a liquid enteral diet for the purpose of avoiding both copper deficiency and copper excess in patients with long-term enteral nutritional status, and the value was “No. 6 The recommended dose for copper doses was 0.5 to 0.6 mg per day, rather than the 1.4 mg to 1.8 mg (12 to 69 years old) values listed in the next revised Japanese dietary requirements. Furthermore, based on the results of applying enteral liquid foods designed for the amount of copper and zinc according to the “6th revised Japanese nutritional requirements” to patients with long-term enteral nutrition, copper and zinc amounts were proposed first. By redesigning based on the appropriate dose of copper and applying the enteral nutrition liquid diet to patients with long-term enteral nutrition status, both the copper and zinc are absorbed to the proper values I came up with that.
[0012]
As a result of actually examining patients with long-term enteral nutrition, the content of copper is 0.40 to 0.9 mg / 1,000 kcal, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 mg / 1,000 kcal, more preferably 0.5 to 0.7 mg / 1,000 kcal. As for the zinc content, the maximum amount is based on the amount that does not result in excessive intake in consideration of the effect of zinc on the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers, with the minimum standard being 10 times the previously set copper content. Was 15 mg / 1,000 kcal. This is a calculation based on the "6th revised Japanese nutritional requirement" from the upper limit of 30mg per day up to the age of 69 and the energy requirement of 50-69 years old 2,000kcal. In other words, a liquid nutritional composition within this standard is newly prepared and applied to patients who are actually placed in enteral nutrition for a long time, and it is confirmed that both the copper concentration and zinc concentration in the serum are appropriate. The present invention has been completed.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The liquid nutritional composition of the present invention is used as a liquid food that is administered orally and by tube. Liquid foods are mainly used for preoperative and postoperative nutritional management in hospitalized patients, and must have good digestion and absorption and excellent nutritional value and nutritional balance. Therefore, the three major nutrients of protein, lipid, and saccharide are blended in a well-balanced manner, and in addition, vitamins and minerals are strengthened in necessary amounts. In the past, it was common knowledge that dietary fiber was not included because it stimulated the gastrointestinal tract, but recently there has been an increase in demand for elderly patients in long-term care patients and health-care facilities. Many foods have been developed. Thus, since the present liquid food is a comprehensive nutritional food containing all the nutrients, it is being developed in the general market not only for inpatients but also for the elderly at home. Therefore, the liquid nutritional composition of the present invention must also be assembled taking into consideration not only the trace elements but also the aspects as a comprehensive nutritional food.
[0014]
Examples of the protein used in the liquid nutritional composition of the present invention include animal protein such as milk protein and meat protein, vegetable protein such as soybean protein, and enzymatic degradation product of the above protein containing peptides and amino acids. . Although they need to pay attention to the amount of energy, they can be used in any combination. The amount of energy in the liquid food of protein is designed to be 15-25% of the total energy.
[0015]
As the saccharide, oligosaccharides including monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, polysaccharides such as starch and dextrin, and disaccharides such as maltose and lactose are used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of energy in the sugar liquid food is designed to be 45 to 65% of the total energy.
[0016]
As lipids, vegetable oils such as soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, perilla oil, coconut oil and rapeseed oil, animal oils such as beef tallow, pork fat and fish oil, synthetic triglycerides and the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more. it can.
The amount of energy occupying in the liquid diet of lipid is designed to be 20-30% of the total energy.
[0017]
Examples of dietary fibers include high-molecular water-soluble dietary fibers such as pectin and sodium alginate, and indigestible polysaccharides such as cellulose, lignin, polydextrose, indigestible dextrin, and guar gum enzymatic degradation products. In selecting these, it is necessary to adjust the viscosity of the liquid food.
[0018]
In addition, regarding vitamins and minerals, the blending amount can be determined with reference to the intake standard described in the sixth revised Japanese nutritional requirements.
[0019]
Regarding the addition of trace elements such as zinc and copper, in the case of liquid food, it is necessary to add in the form of food material. For example, seafood such as oysters, animal internal organs, cocoa, meat, dairy products, and yeasts containing zinc or copper can be mentioned as examples of food material forms. In addition, if it is recognized as a food additive in the future, it is also possible to use a trace element strengthening agent such as copper gluconate and zinc gluconate even if it is not in the form of a food material.
[0020]
What is important in the present invention is to set the content value of copper and zinc within the proper range found by the present inventors, and what food material such as yeast and oyster is used as a trace element source is not important. Please keep in mind.
[0021]
Further, in addition to using a liquid food whose copper concentration and zinc concentration are originally adjusted within the proper range of the present invention for carrying out the present invention, a plurality of liquid foods that do not have the copper and zinc concentrations within the scope of the invention alone are used. Adjusting to a predetermined concentration by combination or adding food ingredients rich in copper or zinc or both to liquid foods in which either copper or zinc or both are lower than the appropriate range. However, it can also be used after the concentration range of the present invention.
[0022]
In addition, these liquid foods can be made into a powder form at the time of supply and storage in consideration of convenience during transportation and storage, and can be dissolved at the time of use to form a liquid nutritional composition.
[0023]
In the present invention, copper is adjusted so that the content per 1,000 kcal is 0.40 mg to 0.9 mg, preferably 0.5 mg to 0.8 mg, more preferably 0.5 mg to 0.7 mg. The values listed in the 6th revised nutritional requirement are 1.8 mg and 1.6 mg for 69-year-old male and female, respectively. However, according to the study of the present inventors, when performing enteral nutrition for a long period of time, there is a possibility of excessive copper at the previous intake, and the copper content setting of the present invention is copper deficiency and high copper blood This is an important point in preventing illness.
[0024]
The setting of the copper content of the present invention also has an important meaning when zinc, which plays an important role in preventing pressure ulcer, is actually taken into the patient's body. This was derived from the study by the present inventors that it was first clarified that a liquid food containing a copper concentration described in the nutritional requirement may cause inhibition of zinc absorption. Accordingly, the setting of the zinc content is based on the premise that the copper content is defined within the scope of the present invention.
[0025]
In actual data, when the content per 1,000 kcal and the copper content is from 0.5 mg to 0.6 mg, a liquid food with a zinc content of 6 to 7 mg was used for enteral nutrition management (copper: zinc = 1: 11- 14) For copper, the serum copper level remained within the normal range without an excessive tendency even after long-term enteral nutrition, while the usefulness of the product of the present invention was confirmed by showing an increasing tendency for zinc.
[0026]
Regarding the zinc content, the increase in serum zinc level remained at a slight level this time, and the daily intake at 69 years of age described in the 6th revised nutritional requirement was found to be quite high at 30 mg. Considering the points, it is considered possible to further increase the content.
[0027]
The previous value is for a person with a daily basal metabolic rate of about 2,000 kcal, and for patients who have been in long-term enteral nutrition, the basal metabolic rate has decreased from 800 kcal to 1,400 kcal. Considering it, it can be applied even if the zinc content per 1,000kcal is about 30mg. However, there was concern about overdose when assuming enteral nutrition therapy for patients with relatively high basal metabolism, so the upper limit of zinc content per 1,000 kcal was set at 15 mg.
[0028]
Preparation examples of the liquid nutritional composition used in the present invention will be described below.
(Preparation Example 1) A liquid nutritional composition containing 0.5 mg / 1,000 kcal copper and 5-6 mg / 1,000 kcal zinc is obtained by combining commercially available liquid foods.
a) Copper content 0.5mg / 1,000 by mixing commercially available liquid food "Maybalance (registered trademark) C: Meiji Dairy" and "Maybalance (registered trademark) C Gix: Meiji Dairy" in a ratio of 6: 4 The liquid nutritional composition of the present invention having kcal and zinc content of 6 mg / 1,000 kcal can be prepared. In this case, the ratio of copper to zinc is 1:11. The protein content of this composition is 40 g / 1,000 kcal.
The component composition in the obtained liquid food is shown in Table 1.
[0029]
b) Similarly, by mixing the commercially available liquid food “May Balance (registered trademark) C-HP: Meiji Dairy” and the previous “May Balance (registered trademark) C Gix: Meiji Dairy” at a ratio of 6: 4, The liquid nutritional composition of the present invention having a copper content of 0.5 mg / 1,000 kcal and a zinc content of 5 mg / 1,000 kcal can be prepared. At this time, the ratio of copper to zinc is 1:10. The protein content of this composition is 46 g / 1,000 kcal.
[0030]
(Preparation Example 2) The liquid nutritional composition of the present invention is obtained by adding a food material rich in trace elements to a commercially available liquid food.
By adding 150 to 350 g of copper yeast to 1,000 L of commercially available liquid food “Maybalance (registered trademark) C: Meiji Dairy”, the copper content can be adjusted to 0.4 to 0.9 mg / 1,000 kcal, and zinc yeast is 10 to By adding 120 g, the zinc content can be adjusted to 4 to 15 mg. After adjusting the copper content, the liquid nutritional composition of the present invention can be prepared by setting the zinc content to 10 times or more the copper content.
[0031]
[Table 1]
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0033]
[Example 1]
The liquid food of the product of the present invention produced in Preparation Example 1-a) was used for patients with long-term enteral nutrition, and the effect on blood zinc concentration was examined. The daily dose was 0.5 to 0.6 mg of copper and 6 to 7 mg of zinc. Nine cases (4 males and 5 females) had an average age of 80 years. Seven cases were changed from other trace element-enriched liquid foods, one example was changed from trace element non-enhanced liquid foods, and the other one was changed from oral meals. Hematology, biochemistry, serum copper (normal range 66-131 μg / dl), ceruloplasmin (21-37 mg / dl), zinc (59-135 μg / dl), selenium (9.7) ˜17.1 μg / dl) was measured. In all nine cases, there was no vomiting or diarrhea throughout. Changes in test values are serum copper 125 ± 50 to 113 ± 41 μg / dl (t test: p = 0.0543), ceruloplasmin 25.2 ± 8.9 to 22.0 ± 8.2 mg / dl (p = 0.002), zinc 59 ± 12 to 65 ± 19 μg / dl (p = 0.2168), selenium 103 ± 25 to 105 ± 14 μg / dl (p = 0.7640), albumin 3.2 ± 0.4 to 3.3 ± 0.3 g / dl (p = 0.3666). Although there was no statistically significant difference, there was an increase in serum zinc and albumin. Therefore, it is thought that it will help nutritional management of the elderly, and for nutritional management as a measure against pressure ulcers.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The effect of the present invention is that by setting the copper content and zinc content in the enteral nutrition liquid diet within the concentration range found by the present inventors, serum copper and serum of patients who are enterally enterally administered for a long time It is possible to provide a new and useful liquid nutritional composition that can maintain the zinc value at an appropriate value, and is expected to be effective in preventing and treating pressure ulcers that are problematic in bedridden patients. It is what.
[0035]
Claims (4)
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