JP3621545B2 - Production method of water-soluble polymer - Google Patents
Production method of water-soluble polymer Download PDFInfo
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- JP3621545B2 JP3621545B2 JP04860897A JP4860897A JP3621545B2 JP 3621545 B2 JP3621545 B2 JP 3621545B2 JP 04860897 A JP04860897 A JP 04860897A JP 4860897 A JP4860897 A JP 4860897A JP 3621545 B2 JP3621545 B2 JP 3621545B2
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- polymerization
- photoinitiator
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- AUZRCMMVHXRSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CC(C)CS(O)(=O)=O AUZRCMMVHXRSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920006322 acrylamide copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004391 petroleum recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、凝集剤、抄紙用粘剤、製紙用歩留まり向上剤、石油回収用増粘剤等に好適な高分子量で、且つ、溶解性の良好な水溶性重合体を光照射により製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
凝集剤用途等に使用される高分子量の水溶性ビニル系重合体、例えばポリアクリルアミド重合体あるいはアクリルアミドの共重合体の多くは分子量が 1,000万を超える。このような高分子量の重合体を得る手段としては、単量体を水溶液中で重合させ、得られる水性ゲルを粒状に解砕し、熱風で乾燥するのが一般的である。
【0003】
凝集剤用途などにこれらの重合体を使用するにあたっては、重合体の水への溶解速度が速く、水不溶物を含まず溶解性の良いことが求められる。
溶解性の低下は使用時の溶解時間を長くすることによってある程度解決されるが、はなはだしい場合は、水不溶の高架橋重合体となり膨潤するのみで、粒子状に多く残ってしまい、凝集剤として使用する場合は低い凝集性能を示し、石油回収用増粘剤として使用する場合は浸透力低下、又、抄紙用粘剤の場合は抄紙上にフィッシュアイを生じる等の問題が生じる。
【0004】
水溶液重合で用いられる開始剤としては、酸化還元系開始剤、熱エネルギーによりラジカルを発生する熱開始剤があるが、高単量体濃度での重合では重合反応の進行とともに系の粘度は非常に高くなり、例えば重合体濃度25重量%の水性ゲルは生ゴム状の弾性体となるため攪拌が不可能となり、重合熱の除去は行い難いため、なりゆきに任せる場合が多く、事実上重合途中での重合反応の制御が不可能となっている。その結果、特に高分子量重合体を得ようとすると、架橋等の副反応が生じやすくなり、得られる重合体の溶解性が著しく低下する。
【0005】
一方、特公昭55−12445号公報及び特公平 5−32410号公報には移動される基体上での光照射による連続重合方法が開示されている。
これは、例えば連続ベルト上の一端から単量体水溶液を供給し、光を照射して重合せしめ、得られた水性ゲルを他端から連続的に取り出す方法である。
これらの方法では、光照射によってラジカルを発生する光開始剤を使用することによって短時間で重合ができ、且つ、光量を調節することによって分子量の制御が可能と言われている。
【0006】
しかしながら、凝集剤用途などに使用する水溶解性の良い高分子量の重合体を得るためには、従来の技術では単量体の供給層厚さを3〜25mm程度と薄くして重合する必要があった。例えば特公昭55−12445号公報では2〜20mm、特公平 5−32410号公報では3〜10mmの厚さであり、大規模な生産では長大な装置面積が必要となり、重合装置の生産性向上が求められている。
【0007】
一方、単量体濃度を高めて層厚さを厚くする方法として、例えば特公開昭52−47084号公報ではアントラキノン誘導体と塩素イオンの存在下で光を間歇的に照射して重合を行う方法、あるいは特開昭55−50002号公報では重合にはほとんど関与しない紫外線吸収剤を添加し、重合の進行にともない光強度を高めることによって、光が照射される面から内部に向かって順に重合し尽くしてゆく方法が公知技術として記載されているが、いずれも重合時間が数時間必要となり生産性向上は困難である。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、光開始剤を含む単量体水溶液に光照射して重合を行い、得られる水性ゲルを加熱乾燥して例えばアクリルアミド系重合体等の水溶性重合体を取得する製造方式において、これらの従来技術で得られる重合体より、さらに高い分子量と水不溶物を含まず良好な溶解性を兼ね備えた重合体をコンパクトな重合装置で生産性良く取得することを課題とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記、光照射によるアクリルアミド系重合体等の水溶性重合体の製造方法について鋭意検討を行った結果、光開始剤による光吸収を抑制することによって単量体供給厚さを大幅に厚くできることを見出し、上記課題を全て解決する本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
即ち、本発明の要旨は「光開始剤を添加したビニル系単量体水溶液を厚さ方向に光照射する光重合による重合体の製造法において、単量体水溶液の厚さが30mm以上であり、光開始剤を1種以上添加した重合開始時の単量体水溶液の性状として、波長 650nm以下、かつ、各光開始剤が有する最も長波長側における極大吸収を示す各々の波長において、光路長30mmでの光透過率が34.7 %以上 70.3 %以下となる量の光開始剤を添加し、それらの波長を含む光を用いて光照射重合を行うことを特徴とする水溶性重合体の製造法」にある。
【0011】
本発明で用いるビニル系単量体としては、例えばアクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸及びこれらの酸のアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩、アクリルアミド −2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のようなアクリルアミドアルカンスルホン酸及びそのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。さらにアクリル酸及びメタクリル酸の各種のジアルキルアミノアルキルエステル及びこれらの3級塩、4級塩、あるいはN,N’−ジアルキルアミノアルキルアクリルアミド、N,N’−ジアルキルアミノアルキルメタクリルアミド及びこれらの3級塩、4級塩やジアルキルジアリルアンモニウム塩等も挙げることができる。これらの単量体は、1種あるいは2種以上を共重合しても良い。
【0012】
又、用途によっては生成重合体の水溶性を損なわない範囲で、アクリロニトリル、アクリルアミドのN置換誘導体、スチレン等を上記のビニル系単量体とともに使用することもできる。
【0013】
特にアクリルアミド系単量体によって得られる重合体は、廃水処理等に用いられる高分子量凝集剤として有用である。この目的で用いられるアクリルアミド系重合体としては、アクリルアミド単独あるいはアクリルアミド25モル%以上とこれと共重合可能な単量体の少なくとも一種から重合されたものが好ましく用いられる。アクリルアミドと共重合可能な水溶性単量体としては上記水溶性ビニル系単量体を使用できる。又、生成重合体の水溶性を損なわない範囲であればアクリルニトリル、アクリルアミドのN置換誘導体、スチレン等を併用することもできる。
【0014】
ビニル系単量体水溶液の単量体濃度は、生産性および乾燥効率の面からも高いほど望ましく、20〜80重量%の範囲であるが、層厚が増すにしたがって重合熱の除去が困難になることから、沸騰しない程度にする必要がある。例えば、アクリルアミドやアクリル酸の重合では、層厚30mm以上で生産性良く高分子量の重合体を得るには20〜35重量%程度で重合を行うことが好ましい。
【0015】
単量体水溶液の層厚は30mm以上であり、重合装置面積を小さくするためにも、一方向から照射する場合、50〜 200mmであることが好ましく、両方向から照射する場合、 100〜 400mmであることが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明によれば、単量体層厚さを大幅に厚くすることが可能となり、従来技術において高分子量で溶解性の良い重合体を得るために層厚さを薄くして単量体濃度を高める場合に比較して、大幅に重合装置をコンパクト化することができる。
【0017】
本発明で用いる開始剤は、光によって分解し開始ラジカルを発生する光開始剤であれば良く、ベンゾイン、ベンゾインアルキルエーテル、ベンジル、ベンゾフェノン、及びアンスラキノン等が挙げられるが、重合熱による水不溶化につながる架橋反応が生じにくい点で、2,4,6−トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキシド等のアシルフォスフィンオキサイド化合物がより好ましい。
【0018】
光開始剤の添加量は、開始剤種の光吸収量に依存する。即ち、光開始剤を高濃度としてその極大吸収を示す波長での光吸収が大きくなると、底層部分でのビニル系単量体からの重合体の分子量の著しい増大及び溶解性の悪化を引き起こす。
【0019】
従って、光開始剤の添加量としては、光開始剤を1種以上添加した重合開始時の単量体水溶液の性状として、波長 650nm以下、かつ、各光開始剤の最も長波長側における極大吸収を示す各々の波長において、光路長30mmでの光透過率が30%未満とならぬ程度の量の光開始剤添加量とする。光路長30mmでの光透過率が30%未満となるような添加量とすると、得られる重合体の溶解性が著しく低下する。
【0020】
本発明で用いられる光としては、開始剤との組み合わせにより、各種の波長の光を用いうるが、単量体自身による吸収、光量子のエネルギーの2つからみて、 200〜 500nmの領域の波長が望ましい。 200〜 500nmの光を与える光源として公知である各種のものがあるが、その代表例としては、高圧水銀ランプ、低圧水銀ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、蛍光ケミカルランプ、蛍光青色ランプ等が挙げらるが、照射光が連続スペクトルであり、安価な蛍光ケミカルランプ、蛍光青色ランプがより好ましい。
照射強度は、一定でも重合途中で変化させても良く、開始剤種と目的とする重合体の分子量に依存する。
【0021】
重合はバット様の容器で回分操作で行うこともできるが、工業的生産の場合には、連続ベルト上での重合が有利である。この方法は、エンドレスベルトの一端より単量体溶液を供給し、シート状となし、固定された光源の下をベルトとともに通過させることにより重合させるものである。流動しなくなった時点以降は、ローラコンベアー上に連続的に移動させ、光照射を続けることも可能である。この場合には、上方と下方の両方から光照射を行うことが出来る。
【0022】
本発明によって、層厚を厚くしても、層内の物性分布はほぼ均一にでき、得られた重合体は、1重量%濃度で4重量%食塩水中に溶解したもののブルックフィールド粘度( B型粘度計、ロータ回転数6r.p.m、ロータNo.3)が高いもの、例えば、アクリルアミド系重合体では25#Cで2,000mPa・s 以上、好ましくは 3,000〜5,000mPa・sであっても、水不溶物を含まず水溶性の良好なものである。
【0023】
【実施例】
次に、実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。以下において、部は重量部を示す。
【0024】
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2
アクリルアミド20.5部とアクリル酸 4.5部を純水に溶解し、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpHを9に調整し、純水を加え 100部とした。次に、遮光下でBASF社製光開始剤、商品名ルシリンTPO (2,4,6−トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド)の2重量%メタノール溶液を所定量添加し、窒素ガスで、溶存酸素を置換しつつ、液温を10℃に調整した。その後、窒素ガスで密閉されている箱形(縦250mm、横250mm、高さ130mm)で上面がガラス板となっている重合装置に単量体水溶液を単量体水溶液層厚100mmとなるよう供給した。
【0025】
重合装置の上部に取り付けた20W蛍光灯型青色ランプ(東芝製 FL−20S−B)を重合装置上面ガラス下部の光強度が表1に記載した所定強度となるよう設置した。光を30分照射し重合を行った。この水性ゲルを数mm角に解砕し、60℃で16時間乾燥を行い、ウイレー粉砕器で2mm以下の粒径に粉砕した。4%の食塩水中に、得られた重合体粉末を1重量%濃度となるよう溶解し、ブルックフィールド粘度(以下4%食塩水中粘度と略す)を測定した。又、純水500g中、 0.1重量%濃度に溶解した後、80メッシュの金網で濾過し、溶解状態及び水不溶物を観察した。
【0026】
表1に開始剤濃度、光強度、波長 650nm以下においての光開始剤の最も長波長側の極大吸収波長である 380nmにおける単量体水溶液の光路長30mmでの光透過率と4%食塩水中粘度、残存未溶解物量の関係を示す。又、表2に、実施例2で重合した水性ゲルを厚さ方向に5分割して解砕・乾燥・粉砕後測定した4重量%食塩水中粘度を示す。
表2からは厚さ方向にほぼ均一な物性の重合体が生成していることがわかる。
【0027】
【表1】
【0028】
【表2】
【0029】
実施例5
アクリルアミド25部を純水75部に溶解し、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpHを9に調整した。次に、遮光下でBASF社製光開始剤、商品名ルシリン TPO(2,4,6−トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド)の2重量%メタノール溶液を0.15部添加し、窒素ガスで溶存酸素を置換しつつ、液温を10℃に調整した。
その後、窒素ガスで密閉されている箱形(縦250mm、横250mm、高さ330mm)で上面と下面がガラス板となっている重合装置に単量体水溶液を単量体水溶液層厚 300mmとなるよう供給した。
【0030】
この時の光開始剤を含む単量体水溶液の性状として、波長 650nm以下においての光開始剤の最も長波長側の極大吸収波長である 380nmにおける光路長30mmでの単量体水溶液の光透過率は、70.3%であった。
重合装置の上部と下部に取り付けた20W蛍光灯型青色ランプ(東芝製 FL−20S−B)を重合装置上面ガラス下部及び下面ガラス上部の光強度がそれぞれ25W/m2となるよう設置した。上部と下部から光を30分照射し重合を行った。得られた重合体は透明で弾力のある水性ゲル状となっていた。この水性ゲルを実施例1と同様にして重合体乾燥粉末とした。得られたアクリルアミド重合体の4重量%食塩水中粘度は3,100mPa・sであり、水不溶物は全く含まれていなかった。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、高分子量で水不溶物を含まない水溶性重合体を従来にないほど単量体層厚さを厚くして光重合で得ることができ、従来よりも大幅にコンパクトな装置で生産性良く製造できる。
【0032】
以下に、本発明の実施態様項を列記する。
(1)光開始剤を添加したビニル系単量体水溶液を厚さ方向に光照射する光重合による重合体の製造方法において、単量体水溶液の厚さが30mm以上であり、光開始剤を1種以上添加した重合開始時の単量体水溶液の性状として、波長 650nm以下、かつ、各光開始剤が有する最も長波長側における極大吸収を示す各々の波長において、光路長30mmでの光透過率が30%未満とならぬ程度の量の光開始剤を添加し、それらの波長を含む光を用いて光照射重合を行うことを特徴とする水溶性重合体の製造法。
(2)前記光開始剤がアシルホスフィンオキサイド化合物である前項(1)記載の製造法。
(3)前記水溶性ビニル系単量体がアクリルアミドの単独又は25モル%以上のアクリルアミドと、これと共重合可能な単量体の少なくとも一種からなる単量体混合物であるアクリルアミド系単量体である前項(1)記載の製造法。
(4)アクリルアミド系単量体の重合によって得られるアクリルアミド系重合体の1重量%における4重量%食塩水中のブルックフィールド粘度が25℃において2,000 mPa・s以上である前項(3)記載の製造法。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a water-soluble polymer having a high molecular weight suitable for a flocculant, a papermaking viscosity agent, a papermaking yield improver, a petroleum recovery thickener and the like and having good solubility by light irradiation. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many of high molecular weight water-soluble vinyl polymers used for flocculant applications, such as polyacrylamide polymers or acrylamide copolymers, have molecular weights exceeding 10 million. As a means for obtaining such a high molecular weight polymer, it is common to polymerize monomers in an aqueous solution, crush the resulting aqueous gel into granules, and dry them with hot air.
[0003]
When these polymers are used for an aggregating agent or the like, it is required that the polymer has a high dissolution rate in water and does not contain water insolubles and has good solubility.
The decrease in solubility can be solved to some extent by increasing the dissolution time at the time of use. However, in the worst case, it becomes a highly water-insoluble highly crosslinked polymer and only swells and remains in the form of particles, which is used as a flocculant. In some cases, the agglomeration performance is low, and when used as a thickener for oil recovery, there are problems such as a decrease in penetrating power, and in the case of a papermaking thickener, fish eyes are formed on the papermaking.
[0004]
Initiators used in aqueous solution polymerization include oxidation-reduction initiators and thermal initiators that generate radicals by thermal energy, but in polymerization at a high monomer concentration, the viscosity of the system becomes very high as the polymerization reaction proceeds. For example, an aqueous gel having a polymer concentration of 25% by weight becomes a raw rubber-like elastic body, so that stirring is impossible and it is difficult to remove the heat of polymerization. It is impossible to control the polymerization reaction. As a result, when trying to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, side reactions such as crosslinking are likely to occur, and the solubility of the resulting polymer is significantly reduced.
[0005]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-12445 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-32410 disclose a continuous polymerization method by light irradiation on a moving substrate.
This is, for example, a method in which a monomer aqueous solution is supplied from one end on a continuous belt, polymerized by irradiation with light, and the resulting aqueous gel is continuously taken out from the other end.
In these methods, it is said that polymerization can be carried out in a short time by using a photoinitiator that generates radicals by light irradiation, and the molecular weight can be controlled by adjusting the amount of light.
[0006]
However, in order to obtain a high molecular weight polymer having good water solubility for use in flocculant applications, it is necessary to perform polymerization by reducing the thickness of the monomer supply layer to about 3 to 25 mm in the conventional technique. there were. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-12445 has a thickness of 2 to 20 mm, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-32410 has a thickness of 3 to 10 mm, and a large-scale production requires a long apparatus area, which improves the productivity of the polymerization apparatus. It has been demanded.
[0007]
On the other hand, as a method of increasing the monomer concentration and increasing the layer thickness, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-47084, a method of performing polymerization by intermittently irradiating light in the presence of an anthraquinone derivative and chloride ions, Alternatively, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-50002, an ultraviolet absorber that hardly participates in the polymerization is added, and the light intensity is increased as the polymerization proceeds, so that the polymerization is sequentially performed from the surface irradiated with light toward the inside. Although the method of going is described as a well-known technique, polymerization time is required for several hours, and it is difficult to improve productivity.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the production method in which the present invention performs polymerization by irradiating a monomer aqueous solution containing a photoinitiator with light, and heat-drys the obtained aqueous gel to obtain a water-soluble polymer such as an acrylamide polymer. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a polymer having a higher molecular weight and a water-insoluble matter and having good solubility than a polymer obtained by the conventional technology with high productivity with a compact polymerization apparatus.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the above-described method for producing a water-soluble polymer such as an acrylamide polymer by light irradiation, the present inventors reduced the monomer supply thickness by suppressing light absorption by the photoinitiator. The present inventors have found that the thickness can be significantly increased and have completed the present invention that solves all the above problems.
[0010]
That is, the gist of the present invention is “in the method of producing a polymer by photopolymerization in which a vinyl monomer aqueous solution to which a photoinitiator is added is irradiated in the thickness direction, the monomer aqueous solution has a thickness of 30 mm or more. As the properties of the monomer aqueous solution at the start of polymerization with the addition of one or more photoinitiators, the optical path length is 650 nm or less and the wavelength of each photoinitiator exhibits the maximum absorption on the longest wavelength side. A method for producing a water-soluble polymer, comprising adding a photoinitiator in an amount such that the light transmittance at 30 mm is 34.7 % or more and 70.3 % or less, and performing light irradiation polymerization using light containing those wavelengths "It is in.
[0011]
Examples of vinyl monomers used in the present invention include acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and alkali metal salts of these acids, ammonium salts, and acrylamide alkanesulfonic acids such as acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. And alkali metal salts and ammonium salts thereof. Furthermore, various dialkylaminoalkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and their tertiary salts and quaternary salts, or N, N′-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, N, N′-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide and their tertiary A salt, a quaternary salt, a dialkyl diallylammonium salt, etc. can also be mentioned. These monomers may be copolymerized by one kind or two or more kinds.
[0012]
Depending on the application, acrylonitrile, N-substituted derivatives of acrylamide, styrene, and the like can be used together with the above-mentioned vinyl monomers as long as the water solubility of the resulting polymer is not impaired.
[0013]
In particular, polymers obtained from acrylamide monomers are useful as high molecular weight flocculants used in wastewater treatment and the like. As the acrylamide polymer used for this purpose, acrylamide alone or a polymer obtained by polymerizing at least one of acrylamide 25 mol% and a monomer copolymerizable therewith is preferably used. As the water-soluble monomer copolymerizable with acrylamide, the above water-soluble vinyl monomer can be used. Further, acrylonitrile, N-substituted derivatives of acrylamide, styrene and the like can be used in combination as long as the water solubility of the produced polymer is not impaired.
[0014]
The monomer concentration of the aqueous vinyl monomer solution is preferably as high as possible in terms of productivity and drying efficiency, and is in the range of 20 to 80% by weight. However, it is difficult to remove the polymerization heat as the layer thickness increases. Therefore, it is necessary to make it not to boil. For example, in the polymerization of acrylamide or acrylic acid, it is preferable to carry out the polymerization at about 20 to 35% by weight in order to obtain a high molecular weight polymer having a layer thickness of 30 mm or more and high productivity.
[0015]
The layer thickness of the monomer aqueous solution is 30 mm or more, and in order to reduce the polymerization apparatus area, it is preferably 50 to 200 mm when irradiated from one direction, and 100 to 400 mm when irradiated from both directions. It is preferable.
[0016]
According to the present invention, it is possible to greatly increase the thickness of the monomer layer, and in order to obtain a polymer having high molecular weight and good solubility in the prior art, the layer thickness is reduced to reduce the monomer concentration. Compared with the case of increasing, the polymerization apparatus can be greatly downsized.
[0017]
The initiator used in the present invention may be any photoinitiator that decomposes by light and generates an initiation radical, and examples thereof include benzoin, benzoin alkyl ether, benzyl, benzophenone, and anthraquinone. An acyl phosphine oxide compound such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide is more preferable in that it does not easily cause a crosslinking reaction.
[0018]
The amount of photoinitiator added depends on the amount of light absorbed by the initiator species. That is, when the photoinitiator is highly concentrated and the light absorption at a wavelength exhibiting the maximum absorption is increased, the molecular weight of the polymer from the vinyl monomer in the bottom layer portion is significantly increased and the solubility is deteriorated.
[0019]
Therefore, the amount of photoinitiator added is the maximum absorption at the wavelength of 650 nm or less and the longest wavelength of each photoinitiator, as the properties of the monomer aqueous solution at the start of polymerization with one or more photoinitiators added. In each wavelength indicated, the photoinitiator addition amount is such that the light transmittance at an optical path length of 30 mm is not less than 30%. When the addition amount is such that the light transmittance at an optical path length of 30 mm is less than 30%, the solubility of the resulting polymer is significantly reduced.
[0020]
As the light used in the present invention, various wavelengths of light can be used in combination with the initiator, but the wavelength in the region of 200 to 500 nm is seen from the viewpoint of absorption by the monomer itself and photon energy. desirable. There are various known light sources that give light of 200 to 500 nm, and typical examples thereof include a high-pressure mercury lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a fluorescent chemical lamp, and a fluorescent blue lamp. Irradiation light has a continuous spectrum, and inexpensive fluorescent chemical lamps and fluorescent blue lamps are more preferable.
The irradiation intensity may be constant or may be changed during the polymerization, and depends on the initiator species and the molecular weight of the target polymer.
[0021]
The polymerization can be carried out in a batch-like container in a batch operation, but in the case of industrial production, polymerization on a continuous belt is advantageous. In this method, a monomer solution is supplied from one end of an endless belt to form a sheet, and polymerized by passing under a fixed light source together with the belt. After the point at which it stops flowing, it is also possible to continuously move it onto the roller conveyor and continue the light irradiation. In this case, light irradiation can be performed from both above and below.
[0022]
According to the present invention, even if the layer thickness is increased, the physical property distribution in the layer can be made almost uniform, and the resulting polymer is dissolved in 4% by weight saline solution at a concentration of 1% by weight, but Brookfield viscosity (type B) Viscometer, rotor rotation speed 6 rpm, rotor No. 3) high, for example, acrylamide polymer, 25 # C is 2,000 mPa · s or more, preferably 3,000 to 5,000 mPa · s Even so, it does not contain water-insoluble matter and has good water solubility.
[0023]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Below, a part shows a weight part.
[0024]
Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-2
20.5 parts of acrylamide and 4.5 parts of acrylic acid were dissolved in pure water, the pH was adjusted to 9 with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and pure water was added to make 100 parts. Next, a predetermined amount of a 2 wt% methanol solution of BASF photoinitiator, trade name Lucillin TPO (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide) was added under light shielding, and the dissolved oxygen was replaced with nitrogen gas. However, the liquid temperature was adjusted to 10 ° C. Thereafter, the monomer aqueous solution is supplied to a polymerization apparatus having a box shape (250 mm long, 250 mm wide, 130 mm high) sealed with nitrogen gas and having a glass plate on the upper surface so that the monomer aqueous solution layer has a thickness of 100 mm. did.
[0025]
A 20 W fluorescent lamp type blue lamp (Toshiba FL-20S-B) attached to the upper part of the polymerization apparatus was installed so that the light intensity at the lower part of the upper surface glass of the polymerization apparatus became the predetermined intensity shown in Table 1. Polymerization was performed by irradiation with light for 30 minutes. This aqueous gel was pulverized into several mm squares, dried at 60 ° C. for 16 hours, and pulverized to a particle size of 2 mm or less with a Wiley pulverizer. The resulting polymer powder was dissolved in 4% saline to a concentration of 1% by weight, and Brookfield viscosity (hereinafter abbreviated as 4% saline in water) was measured. Further, after dissolving at a concentration of 0.1% by weight in 500 g of pure water, it was filtered through an 80-mesh wire mesh, and the dissolved state and water-insoluble matter were observed.
[0026]
Table 1 shows the initiator concentration, light intensity, and the maximum absorption wavelength on the longest wavelength side of the photoinitiator at a wavelength of 650 nm or less. The light transmittance at 30 mm of the optical path length of the monomer aqueous solution at 380 nm and the viscosity in 4% saline solution. The relationship between the amount of residual undissolved material is shown. Table 2 shows the viscosity of 4% by weight saline solution measured after pulverizing, drying and pulverizing the aqueous gel polymerized in Example 2 in 5 parts in the thickness direction.
Table 2 shows that a polymer having substantially uniform physical properties in the thickness direction is formed.
[0027]
[Table 1]
[0028]
[Table 2]
[0029]
Example 5
25 parts of acrylamide was dissolved in 75 parts of pure water, and the pH was adjusted to 9 with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Next, 0.15 parts of a 2 wt% methanol solution of a photoinitiator manufactured by BASF, trade name Lucillin TPO (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide) was added under light shielding, and dissolved oxygen was added with nitrogen gas. While replacing, the liquid temperature was adjusted to 10 ° C.
After that, the monomer aqueous solution becomes 300 mm in thickness of the monomer aqueous solution in a polymerization apparatus having a box shape (250 mm long, 250 mm wide, 330 mm high) hermetically sealed with nitrogen gas and whose upper and lower surfaces are glass plates. Was supplied.
[0030]
The properties of the aqueous monomer solution containing the photoinitiator at this time are the maximum absorption wavelength on the longest wavelength side of the photoinitiator at a wavelength of 650 nm or less, and the light transmittance of the aqueous monomer solution at an optical path length of 30 mm at 380 nm. Was 70.3%.
A 20 W fluorescent lamp type blue lamp (FL-20S-B, manufactured by Toshiba) attached to the upper and lower portions of the polymerization apparatus was installed so that the light intensity of the upper and lower glass upper surfaces of the polymerization apparatus was 25 W / m 2 , respectively. Polymerization was performed by irradiating light from the upper part and the lower part for 30 minutes. The obtained polymer was a transparent and elastic aqueous gel. This aqueous gel was made into a polymer dry powder in the same manner as in Example 1. The resulting acrylamide polymer had a viscosity of 3,100 mPa · s in 4% by weight saline and contained no water-insoluble matter.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a water-soluble polymer having a high molecular weight and containing no water-insoluble matter can be obtained by photopolymerization with a monomer layer thicker than before, and a device that is much more compact than before. Can be manufactured with good productivity.
[0032]
The embodiment items of the present invention are listed below.
(1) In a method for producing a polymer by photopolymerization in which a vinyl monomer aqueous solution to which a photoinitiator has been added is irradiated in the thickness direction, the monomer aqueous solution has a thickness of 30 mm or more, As a property of the monomer aqueous solution at the start of polymerization added at least one kind, light transmission at an optical path length of 30 mm at each wavelength showing a maximum absorption on the longest wavelength side of each photoinitiator having a wavelength of 650 nm or less A method for producing a water-soluble polymer, comprising adding a photoinitiator in an amount such that the rate is not less than 30%, and performing light irradiation polymerization using light containing those wavelengths.
(2) The production method according to item (1), wherein the photoinitiator is an acylphosphine oxide compound.
(3) The water-soluble vinyl monomer is an acrylamide monomer which is a monomer mixture composed of acrylamide alone or 25 mol% or more of acrylamide and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith. The manufacturing method of a certain preceding clause (1).
(4) The Brookfield viscosity in 4 wt% saline in 1 wt% of an acrylamide polymer obtained by polymerization of an acrylamide monomer is 2,000 mPa · s or more at 25 ° C. Manufacturing method.
Claims (2)
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