JP3601928B2 - A new microorganism showing anthracnose control effect - Google Patents
A new microorganism showing anthracnose control effect Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規微生物に関し、詳しくは、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、その拮抗作用を持続性をもって発揮することが可能な新規糸状菌に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
炭そ病の病原菌は約600種あるといわれ、イチゴやリンゴ、モモ、スイカなどの炭そ病が知られている。これら炭そ病菌のうちでも特に、グロメルラ・シングラータを代表的な病原菌とするイチゴ炭そ病は、イチゴの生産性を大きく左右する重要病害である。実際、昭和62年には、栃木県を中心にイチゴ炭そ病が大発生し、著しい苗不足や枯死株が発生するなど大きな問題となり、上記イチゴ炭そ病の防除が重要な課題となっている。イチゴ炭そ病は、潜在感染株と無菌株との判別が困難であるため、潜在感染株が原苗や親株として使用される可能性がある。また、一度発生すると潜在感染株や圃場周辺に投棄された罹病残渣から胞子が降雨や潅水で溶けだし、発散して伝染源となり、防除が極めて困難である。現場ではこのイチゴ炭そ病の発生により当作の栽培を放棄したり、イチゴ栽培そのものを打ち切る農家さえでている。
【0003】
従来、この様なイチゴ炭そ病の防除は、雨除け栽培や潜在感染株の診断、罹病残渣の適切処理など病害の発生しにくい環境や伝染しない条件をつくる耕種的防除と、農薬散布による薬剤防除とを組み合わせて行われていた。しかし栽培者の高齢化に伴い、手間のかかる耕種的防除は敬遠され、なかなか実施されないのが現状である。
【0004】
また、薬剤防除には、従来、ビテルタノール、プロピネブ、ジチアノンなどの化学薬剤による水和剤が用いられているが、これらの農薬は治療用と予防用に分けられており、複数剤を交互使用しなければならない他、防除適期の判断が難しく、また、残効期間が短いため、多数回散布にならざるを得ないなどの問題点があった。さらに、これらの農薬に対する耐性菌の出現も報告されている。
【0005】
一方、植物栽培において、植物の土壌病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有する微生物を利用した土壌病害の防除方法や前記微生物を利用した微生物資材等に関して、近年、多くの研究や報告がなされており、実際に、この様な有用微生物を利用した植物栽培も様々な栽培作物について行われている。しかし、イチゴ炭そ病に関しては、その病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、かつ長期間に亘ってその作用を持続する微生物が得られていないのが実状である。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記観点からなされたものであり、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、その拮抗作用を持続性をもって発揮することが可能な新規微生物を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、その拮抗作用を持続性をもって発揮することが可能な微生物を求めて鋭意研究を重ねた結果、タラロマイセス属や、ケトミウム属等に属する糸状菌より前記性質を有する新規糸状菌を取得することに成功し本発明を完成させた。
【0008】
すなわち本発明は、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有する糸状菌である。上記糸状菌として具体的には、前記性質を有するタラロマイセス属に属する糸状菌およびケトミウム属に属する糸状菌が挙げられる。
【0009】
上記タラロマイセス属に属する糸状菌として具体的には、前記性質を有するタラロマイセス・フラバスが挙げられ、より具体的には、タラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株が挙げられる。
【0010】
上記ケトミウム属に属する糸状菌として具体的には、前記性質を有するケトミウム・アウレウムが挙げられ、より具体的には、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−07株およびケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−09株が挙げられる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
(1)本発明の新規糸状菌
本発明の新規糸状菌は、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有する。
【0012】
この様な本発明の糸状菌は、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有する糸状菌であれば特に制限されないが、具体的には、前記性質を有するタラロマイセス属に属する糸状菌およびケトミウム属に属する糸状菌が挙げられる。
【0013】
また、上記タラロマイセス属に属する糸状菌として具体的には、前記性質を有するタラロマイセス・フラバスが挙げられ、より具体的には、タラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株が挙げられる。さらに、上記ケトミウム属に属する糸状菌として具体的には、前記性質を有するケトミウム・アウレウムが挙げられ、より具体的には、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−07株およびケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−09株が挙げられる。
【0014】
これらの菌株は、後記実施例に示すように、本発明者らがイチゴ栽培圃場で栽培中のイチゴ植物体から分離した新規菌株であり、その菌学的性質から1つはタラロマイセス・フラバスと同定され、残りの2つはケトミウム・アウレウムと同定された。
【0015】
また、上記3菌株は、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有するが、公知の糸状菌では、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有するという報告は今までにはなく、この点で公知の糸状菌と区別される新菌株であり、それぞれ、タラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−07株、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−09株と命名された。
【0016】
この様に本発明のイチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有する糸状菌はそれ自体新規であり、上記3菌株に限らず上記性質を有する本発明の糸状菌は、本発明に含まれる。
【0017】
イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有する糸状菌は、次のようにして取得することができる。すなわち、イチゴ栽培圃場の栽培イチゴから採取された葉を、殺菌済みのシャーレに置き20〜35℃で保温し、その間に葉面上に観察される菌体よりイチゴ炭そ病菌以外の菌体を分離し、純化する。得られた菌株とイチゴ炭そ病菌を対峙培養させ、イチゴ炭そ病菌の生育を抑制する株を選別する。
【0018】
また、この様な方法に従い分離された上記タラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−07株、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−09株は、平成8年9月2日に、通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所特許微生物寄託センター(郵便番号305 茨城県つくば市東一丁目1番3号)に、上記の順に微生物受託番号FERM P−15816、FERM P−15817、FERM P−15818として寄託されている。
【0019】
上記本発明の新規糸状菌は、例えば、イチゴ炭そ病防除用の微生物資材に用いることが可能である。以下、本発明の糸状菌を用いたイチゴ炭そ病防除用の微生物資材について説明する。
【0020】
(2)本発明の糸状菌を用いたイチゴ炭そ病防除用の微生物資材
本発明の糸状菌を微生物資材に用いる場合には、通常の微生物資材に微生物を用いる場合と同様に、菌体をその菌体が増殖可能な培地で培養した培養物を用いることが好ましく、更に、培養により胞子が十分に形成された上記糸状菌を含有する培養物を用いることがより好ましい。
【0021】
本発明の糸状菌の培養は、通常の糸状菌の培養方法と同様にして行うことが可能であり、例えば、通常の液体培養、固体培養により行うことができるが、胞子を収率よく得ようとするならば、固体培養により調製することが好ましい。例えば、タラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株を用いる場合には、液体培養では、ポテトデキストロース培地、サブロー培地等の培地を用いて、20〜37℃で3〜14日間、培養することで上記糸状菌の菌体培養物を得ることができる。また、同様に固体培養を行う場合には、米、麦、トウモロコシ等の穀類、フスマ等の植物由来の固体成分あるいは、糖や窒素源等の栄養源を粘土鉱物等の多孔質担体に含浸させた固体培地等を用いればよい。また、上記菌株以外の本発明の糸状菌を培養する場合にも、上記菌株に準じて培養を行うことが可能である。
【0022】
この様にして得られる本発明の糸状菌の培養物は、そのまま、あるいは、必要に応じて、培養物を粉砕又は細断してから、または培養物から遠心分離等によって菌体を分離してから、あるいは培養物や菌体を乾燥してから微生物資材に用いることが可能である。また、微生物資材の保存安定性を考慮して、上記糸状菌の胞子を用いて微生物資材を調製することが行われるが、培養後、培養物からの胞子の回収は、やはり、通常の方法に従えばよく、例えば、乾燥、粉砕、ふるい等の組合せにより行うことができる。
【0023】
微生物資材の剤形は、特に制限されず、通常の微生物資材と同様の剤形、例えば、水和剤、培土混合剤等とすることができる。
本発明の糸状菌を含有する微生物資材の製造は、通常の微生物資材と同様に行うことが可能であり、例えば、担体と共に微生物を微生物資材に配合する等の方法が挙げられる。微生物資材に用いる担体としては、通常、微生物資材に用いられる有機質あるいは無機質の素材を主材として用いることが可能であり、具体的には、赤玉土、焼成赤玉土、鹿沼土、黒ボク土、バーミキュライト、パーライト、ゼオライト、石炭灰、石灰などの無機質素材、ピートモス、パルプ、藁、バカス、油かす、魚かす、骨粉、血粉、カニがら、木炭、貝化石などの有機質素材を用いることができる。これら無機質、有機質素材は1種を単独で又は2種以上の混合物として微生物資材の担体に用いることが可能である。
【0024】
また、上記微生物資材には糸状菌、担体以外に上記糸状菌に必要な栄養素、あるいは、界面活性剤等の分散補助剤等を配合することが可能であり、これら任意成分は、通常の微生物資材の場合と同様に各種剤形に合わせて適当量が適宜配合される。
【0025】
上記の様にして得られる本発明の糸状菌を含有する微生物資材の施用方法は、通常の微生物資材を用いるのと同様の方法で行えばよく、例えば、水和剤の場合は適当な濃度の溶液として葉面散布、潅注、苗の根部浸漬、土壌、培土または養液への混合等により行うことができる。また、培土混合剤の場合には、栽培用土全体に適当量の微生物資材を配合する、あるいは作物の根圏をカバーする範囲の土壌(栽培用土)に、適当量の微生物資材を均一に混合する等の一般的な方法が挙げられる。
【0026】
上記微生物資材の施用量は、施用方法、施用時期等にもよるが、例えば、水和剤を葉面散布する場合には、その施用の菌体濃度は、通常約104CFU(コロニー形成単位)/mL〜109CFU/mLであり、施用量は、5〜30L/a程度であることが好ましい。また、培土混合剤等はなんら希釈することなく製剤のままで施用することも可能であり、栽培用土に混合する場合、菌体の施用量が、106〜109CFU/a程度となるように施用することが好ましい。また、施用時期に関しては、播種時、原苗期、仮植期、定植期の何れでもよく、施用頻度は、本発明の糸状菌が継続性をもって、例えば、約2ヶ月以上、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有することから、1〜3ヶ月に1回の頻度で施用することでイチゴ炭そ病の発生を抑えることが可能となる。
【0027】
また、微生物資材の施用にあたっての温度管理については、本発明の糸状菌のの生育・活動至適温度が炭そ病菌のそれとおおよそ同じで、概ね26〜30℃であるため、特に通常のイチゴ栽培の温度管理を操作する必要はない。
【0028】
上記微生物資材は、本発明の新規糸状菌を含有するものであり、イチゴ炭そ病の防除に対して高い防除効果と長い残効期間を有する。さらに、上記微生物資材は、特に食用イチゴの炭そ病防除において優れた効果を発揮するものであるが、シクラメン、大豆、茶等の他の作物の炭そ病防除に用いてもよい。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を説明する。
【0030】
【実施例1】
タラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−07株、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−09株の取得
イチゴ栽培圃場で栽培中のイチゴ苗から1株につき葉を1枚ずつ採集し、これらを殺菌済みのシャーレに置いて、20〜35℃で保温した。保温中に葉面上に観察された菌体のうちイチゴ炭そ病菌以外の菌体を分離し、純化した。得られた菌株からイチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有する菌株を以下の方法でスクリーニングした。
【0031】
すなわち、上記で分離、純化された菌株のそれぞれを、ストレプトマイシンを100mg/Lの割合で含有するポテトデキストロース寒天培地に接種して、28℃、7時間の培養を行った後、コロニーを培地ごと7mmφの滅菌したコルクボーラーで打ち抜いたものと、同様に培養され、さらに培養後同様に培地ごと打ち抜かれた7mmφのイチゴ炭そ病菌コロニーを、上記と同様の培地を入れた同一プレート上に並べ、28℃で対峙培養した。対峙培養開始から5日後に、上記各菌株がイチゴ炭そ病菌と対峙培養されたプレートをそれぞれ観察し、イチゴ炭そ病菌の生育を抑制した3株を選別した。
【0032】
これら3つの菌株をそれぞれY−9401株、SAY−07株およびSAY−09株と命名し、それぞれについて菌学的性質を調べた。結果を以下に示すが、表1はコロニーの特徴を、表2は形態をそれぞれ示す表である。
【0033】
【表1】
【0034】
【表2】
【0035】
上記の菌学的性質を有する3つの菌株の分類学上の位置を、バージェイズ・マニュアル・オブ・システマチック・バクテリオロジー、第1版、第2巻(1986年)を参照して検討すると、Y−9401株は、その菌学的性質から、タラロマイセス属に属する菌株と判定された。更にその他の諸性質を検討した結果、この菌株はタラロマイセス・フラバスと同定された。公知のタラロマイセス・フラバスがイチゴ炭そ病菌に対して圃場レベルすなわち実用段階において拮抗作用を有するという報告は今までにはなく、この点で公知の菌株と区別される新菌株である。
【0036】
また、同様にSAY−07株およびSAY−09株は、その菌学的性質から、ケトミウム属に属する菌株と判定された。更にその他の諸性質を検討した結果、この菌株はケトミウム・アウレウムと同定された。公知のケトミウム・アウレウムがイチゴ炭そ病菌に対して圃場レベルすなわち実用段階において拮抗作用を有するという報告は今までにはなく、この点で公知の菌株と区別される新菌株である。
【0037】
タラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株、ケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−07株およびケトミウム・アウレウム SAY−09株は、通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所特許微生物寄託センターに、上記の順に微生物受託番号FERM P−15816、FERM P−15817、FERM P−15818としてそれぞれ寄託されている。
【0038】
【実施例2】
ポット育苗栽培における防除効果試験
上記で得られたケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−07株、ケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−09株を用いて、イチゴ炭そ病の防除効果に関する試験を行った。
【0039】
上記2つの菌を、それぞれフラスコで培養(PDブロス、28℃、7日間)後、菌そうを回収し、ホモジナイザーで破砕した。
また、炭そ病菌であるグロメルラ・シングラータをPDブロスで上記同様に培養した後、分生子を回収した。
【0040】
検体のイチゴとしては、9cmφのポット30個のそれぞれに、殺菌した栽培用土を詰め、これに食用のイチゴである女峰の苗を1株ずつ定植し2日間育苗した、育苗期の苗を用いた。
【0041】
上記育苗期のイチゴ苗のそれぞれに、ケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−07株の培養物の粉砕物を、107CFU/株の割合でイチゴ苗全体にスプレーで散布した。
【0042】
散布の1週間後に、上記炭そ病菌の分生子を5×104CFU/株の割合で、イチゴ苗全体にスプレー散布することによりイチゴに接種した。接種後、28±2℃の恒温恒湿槽で保湿し感染させた後、20℃以上に保温したビニールハウスの中で2ヶ月間栽培した。栽培終了後、全てのイチゴ苗について発病状況を観察し、以下の式により枯死率(処理区枯死率)を算出した。
【0043】
【数1】
枯死率(%)=(枯死株数/検体総数)× 100
【0044】
また、比較のために上記と同様の栽培試験を上記ケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−07株の培養物の粉砕物の散布を行わなかった以外は、全く上記と同様にして行い、枯死率(無処理区枯死率)を求めた。これらの枯死率の値より以下の計算式により防除価を算出した。
【0045】
【数2】
防除価(%)=((無処理区枯死率−処理区枯死率)/無処理区枯死率)×100
【0046】
上記と同様の栽培試験を上記ケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−07株の培養物の粉砕物の替わりにケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−09株の培養物の粉砕物を用いた以外は、全く上記と同様にして行い、枯死率を求め防除価を算出した。
【0047】
結果は、ケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−07株処理区に関しては、防除価 73.3%(枯死率20%)であり、ケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−09株処理区に関しては、86.7%(枯死率10%)であった。なお、無処理区における枯死率は75%であった。
【0048】
また、ケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−07株およびケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−09株ともイチゴに対する植物毒性は、観察されなかった。また、試験終了後、イチゴより上記2菌が分離され、上記2菌とも2ヶ月以上の間イチゴに定着していたことが確認された。
【0049】
【実施例3】
実施例2と同様の栽培試験をケトミウム・アウレウムSAY−09株について再度行い、防除価を算出した。
【0050】
結果は、防除価100%(枯死率0%)であった。なお、無処理区における枯死率は44%であった。
【0051】
【実施例4】
実施例2と同様の栽培試験をタラロマイセス・フラバス Y−9401株について、1993年〜1995年において行い、各栽培年で防除価を算出した。結果を表3に示す。
【0052】
【表3】
【0053】
これらの結果から明らかなように、本発明の糸状菌は、イチゴ炭そ病に対する防除効果が高く、その効果は長期に亘って持続されることが確認された。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
本発明の新規微生物は、イチゴ炭そ病菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、その拮抗作用を持続性をもって発揮することが可能である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel microorganism, and more particularly, to a novel filamentous fungus having an antagonistic activity against strawberry anthracnose and capable of exhibiting the antagonistic activity in a sustained manner.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is said that there are about 600 anthracnose pathogens, and anthracnose such as strawberry, apple, peach, and watermelon is known. Among these anthracnose fungi, strawberry anthracnose caused by Glomerula singurata as a representative pathogen is an important disease that greatly affects strawberry productivity. In fact, in 1987, strawberry anthracnose caused a large outbreak, mainly in Tochigi Prefecture, causing a serious problem such as a remarkable shortage of seedlings and dead plants, and the control of the above strawberry anthracnose became an important issue. I have. Strawberry anthracnose is difficult to discriminate between a latently infected strain and a germ-free strain, so that the potentially infected strain may be used as a seedling or a parent strain. Also, once generated, spores from latently infected strains or diseased residues dumped around the field are dissolved by rainfall or irrigation, diverge and become a source of infection, and are extremely difficult to control. Some farmers have abandoned cultivation of this crop due to the outbreak of strawberry anthracnose, or even discontinued strawberry cultivation.
[0003]
Conventionally, such control of strawberry anthracnose has been carried out by cultivation by rain, cultivation of latently infected strains, appropriate treatment of diseased residues, etc. It was performed in combination with control. However, with the aging of growers, the need for time-consuming cultivated pest control has been shunned, and it is currently difficult to implement it.
[0004]
In the past, wettable powders based on chemical agents such as bitertanol, propineb, and dithianone have been used for controlling chemicals.However, these pesticides are divided into therapeutic and preventive chemicals. In addition, it is difficult to judge the appropriate period of control, and the residual effect period is short, so that it has to be sprayed many times. In addition, the emergence of resistant bacteria to these pesticides has been reported.
[0005]
On the other hand, in plant cultivation, in recent years, many studies and reports have been made on soil disease control methods using microorganisms having an antagonistic effect on plant soil pathogens and microbial materials using the microorganisms. In addition, plant cultivation using such useful microorganisms is also performed for various cultivated crops. However, as for the strawberry anthracnose, a microorganism that has an antagonistic action against the pathogenic bacterium and maintains the action for a long period of time has not been obtained.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and an object of the present invention is to provide a novel microorganism which has an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose and can exert the antagonistic action with a sustained action.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has antagonism against strawberry anthracnose, and as a result of intensive research for microorganisms capable of exerting the antagonism with persistence, as a result of the genus Taralomyces and ketomium, etc. The present invention was successfully completed by obtaining a new filamentous fungus having the above-mentioned properties from the filamentous fungi belonging thereto.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is a filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose. Specific examples of the filamentous fungi include filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Talalomyces and filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Ketomium having the above-mentioned properties.
[0009]
Specific examples of the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Talalomyces include Talalomyces flavus having the above-mentioned properties, and more specifically, Talalomyces flavus strain Y-9401.
[0010]
Specific examples of the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Ketomium include ketomium aureum having the above-mentioned properties, and more specifically, ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain and ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
(1) New filamentous fungus of the present invention The novel filamentous fungus of the present invention has an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose.
[0012]
Such a filamentous fungus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose, and specifically, a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Talalomyces and a genus Ketomium having the above-mentioned properties. Belonging to the group.
[0013]
Specific examples of the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Talalomyces include Talalomyces flavus having the above-mentioned properties, and more specifically, Talalomyces flavus strain Y-9401. Furthermore, specific examples of the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Ketomium include ketomium aureum having the above-mentioned properties, and more specifically, ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain and ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain. .
[0014]
As shown in Examples below, these strains are novel strains isolated from strawberry plants grown in the strawberry cultivation field by the present inventors, and one of them is identified as Talalomyces flavus from its bacteriological properties. The remaining two were identified as ketomium aureum.
[0015]
In addition, although the above three strains have an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose, there is no report that any of the known filamentous fungi has an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose. New strains which are distinguished from the filamentous fungi of No. 3 are named Talalomyces flavus Y-9401, ketomium aureum SAY-07 and ketomium aureum SAY-09, respectively.
[0016]
As described above, the filamentous fungus of the present invention having an antagonistic action against the strawberry anthracnose is novel in itself, and is not limited to the above three strains but is included in the present invention.
[0017]
Filamentous fungi having an antagonistic effect on strawberry anthracnose can be obtained as follows. That is, leaves collected from cultivated strawberries in a strawberry cultivation field are placed in a sterilized petri dish and kept at 20 to 35 ° C., during which time cells other than strawberry anthracnose bacteria are removed from the cells observed on the leaf surface. Separate and purify. The obtained strain and strawberry anthracnose are confronted and cultured, and a strain that suppresses the growth of the strawberry anthracnose is selected.
[0018]
Further, the above-mentioned Talalomyces flavus strain Y-9401, ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain and ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain isolated according to such a method were obtained on September 2, 1996 by the Ministry of Industry and Deposited at the National Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (zip code 305, 1-3 1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture) under the order of microbial accession numbers FERM P-15816, FERM P-15817, and FERM P-15818 in the above order. Have been.
[0019]
The novel filamentous fungus of the present invention can be used, for example, as a microbial material for controlling strawberry anthracnose. Hereinafter, a microorganism material for controlling strawberry anthracnose using the filamentous fungus of the present invention will be described.
[0020]
(2) Microbial material for controlling strawberry anthracnose using the filamentous fungus of the present invention When the filamentous fungus of the present invention is used as a microbial material, the bacterial cells are used in the same manner as when a microorganism is used as a normal microbial material. It is preferable to use a culture cultured in a medium in which the cells can grow, and it is more preferable to use a culture containing the filamentous fungus in which spores are sufficiently formed by the culture.
[0021]
The cultivation of the filamentous fungus of the present invention can be performed in the same manner as a usual method for culturing filamentous fungi.For example, it can be performed by ordinary liquid culture or solid culture. If so, it is preferable to prepare by solid culture. For example, in the case of using Talalomyces flavus strain Y-9401, in the liquid culture, the above filamentous fungus is cultured by culturing at 20 to 37 ° C for 3 to 14 days using a medium such as a potato dextrose medium or a Sabouraud medium. A cell culture can be obtained. Similarly, when solid culture is performed similarly, rice, wheat, corn and other cereals, plant-derived solid components such as bran or nutrients such as sugars and nitrogen sources are impregnated in a porous carrier such as a clay mineral. A solid medium or the like may be used. Also, when culturing the filamentous fungus of the present invention other than the above-mentioned strain, the cultivation can be performed according to the above-mentioned strain.
[0022]
The thus obtained culture of the filamentous fungus of the present invention, as it is, or, if necessary, after crushing or shredding the culture, or separating the cells from the culture by centrifugation or the like Or dried cultures and cells can be used as microbial materials. In addition, in consideration of the storage stability of the microbial material, it is performed to prepare the microbial material using the spores of the filamentous fungus. For example, it can be performed by a combination of drying, pulverization, sieving, and the like.
[0023]
The dosage form of the microbial material is not particularly limited, and may be the same as that of a normal microbial material, for example, a wettable powder, a soil mix, or the like.
The microbial material containing the filamentous fungus of the present invention can be produced in the same manner as a normal microbial material. For example, there is a method of mixing a microorganism with the carrier together with the carrier. As the carrier used for the microbial material, it is generally possible to use an organic or inorganic material used for the microbial material as a main material.Specifically, Akadama soil, calcined Akadama soil, Kanuma soil, Kuroboku soil, Inorganic materials such as vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, coal ash, lime, etc., and organic materials such as peat moss, pulp, straw, bacas, oil cake, fish cake, bone meal, blood meal, crab chunks, charcoal and shell fossils can be used. One of these inorganic and organic materials can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more as a carrier for a microbial material.
[0024]
In addition, the microbial material may contain, in addition to the filamentous fungus and the carrier, nutrients necessary for the filamentous fungus, or a dispersing aid such as a surfactant, and the like. As in the case of the above, an appropriate amount is appropriately blended in accordance with various dosage forms.
[0025]
The method of applying the microbial material containing the filamentous fungus of the present invention obtained as described above may be performed in the same manner as using a normal microbial material. As a solution, foliar spraying, irrigation, root dipping of seedlings, soil, cultivation or mixing with a nutrient solution can be performed. Further, in the case of a soil cultivation mixture, an appropriate amount of a microbial material is mixed with the entire cultivation soil, or an appropriate amount of the microbial material is uniformly mixed with the soil (cultivation soil) in a range covering the rhizosphere of the crop. And the like.
[0026]
The application rate of the above-mentioned microbial material depends on the application method, application time, and the like. For example, when a wettable powder is sprayed on the foliage, the bacterial cell concentration for the application is usually about 10 4 CFU (colony forming units). ) and / mL~10 9 CFU / mL, the application rate is preferably about 5~30L / a. Moreover, it is also possible to apply the cultivation soil mixture or the like as it is without diluting it as a preparation. When mixed with cultivation soil, the application rate of bacterial cells is about 10 6 to 10 9 CFU / a. It is preferably applied to The application time may be any of the time of sowing, the seedling stage, the provisional planting stage, and the planting stage. The application frequency is such that the filamentous fungus of the present invention has continuity, for example, about 2 months or more, and strawberry anthracnose. On the other hand, since it has an antagonistic effect, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of strawberry anthracnose by applying it once every 1 to 3 months.
[0027]
Regarding the temperature control when applying the microbial material, the optimum temperature for the growth and activity of the filamentous fungus of the present invention is approximately the same as that of the anthracnose fungus, and is generally 26 to 30 ° C. There is no need to operate the temperature control.
[0028]
The above-mentioned microorganism material contains the novel filamentous fungus of the present invention, and has a high control effect and a long residual effect period for controlling strawberry anthracnose. Furthermore, the above-mentioned microbial material exhibits an excellent effect in controlling anthracnose of edible strawberries in particular, but may be used for controlling anthracnose of other crops such as cyclamen, soybeans, and tea.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0030]
Embodiment 1
Acquisition of Talalomyces flavus Y-9401 strain, ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain, ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain One leaf per strain was collected from a strawberry seedling growing in a strawberry cultivation field, and these were sterilized. And kept warm at 20-35 ° C. Cells other than strawberry anthracnose were isolated and purified from the cells observed on the leaves during the incubation. From the obtained strains, strains having an antagonistic activity against strawberry anthracnose were screened by the following method.
[0031]
That is, each of the strains isolated and purified as described above was inoculated on a potato dextrose agar medium containing streptomycin at a rate of 100 mg / L, and cultured at 28 ° C. for 7 hours. A 7 mmφ strawberry anthracnose colony, which had been punched out with a sterilized cork borer, was cultured in the same manner, and was further punched out with the medium after the culturing, was arranged on the same plate containing the same medium as described above. The cells were confronted and cultured at ° C. Five days after the start of the confrontation culture, the plate in which each of the above strains was confronted with the strawberry anthracnose was observed, and three strains which suppressed the growth of the strawberry anthracnose were selected.
[0032]
These three strains were named Y-9401, SAY-07 and SAY-09, respectively, and the bacteriological properties of each strain were examined. The results are shown below. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the colonies, and Table 2 shows the morphology.
[0033]
[Table 1]
[0034]
[Table 2]
[0035]
The taxonomic position of the three strains having the above mycological properties is examined with reference to the Barjay's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st Edition, Volume 2 (1986). Y-9401 strain was determined to be a strain belonging to the genus Talalomyces from its bacteriological properties. After further examination of other properties, the strain was identified as Talalomyces flavus. There has never been a report that the known Talalomyces flavus has an antagonistic effect on strawberry anthracnose at the field level, that is, at the practical stage, and it is a new strain distinguished from the known strain in this respect.
[0036]
Similarly, SAY-07 strain and SAY-09 strain were determined to be strains belonging to the genus Ketomium from their bacteriological properties. As a result of further examination of other properties, this strain was identified as Ketomium aureum. There has never been a report that a known ketomium aureum has an antagonistic effect on strawberry anthracnose at a field level, that is, a practical stage, and it is a new strain which is distinguished from the known strain in this respect.
[0037]
Talalomyces flavus Y-9401 strain, ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain and ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain were provided to the Patent Microorganisms Depositary of the Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry in the order described above under the microorganism accession number FERM. P-15816, FERM P-15817, and FERM P-15818, respectively.
[0038]
Embodiment 2
Test for Controlling Effect in Potted Seedling Cultivation Using the ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain and the ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain obtained above, a test for controlling the strawberry anthracnose was performed.
[0039]
After culturing each of the two bacteria in a flask (PD broth, 28 ° C., 7 days), the bacteria were collected and crushed with a homogenizer.
In addition, anthrax bacterium, Glomerula singularta, was cultured in PD broth in the same manner as described above, and conidia were collected.
[0040]
As the strawberry of the specimen, 30 pots each having a diameter of 9 cm were filled with sterilized cultivation soil, and seedlings of a female strawberry, which was an edible strawberry, were planted one plant at a time, and seedlings were raised for 2 days. Was.
[0041]
Each strawberry seedlings of the nursery stage, the pulverized product of a culture of Chaetomium-Aureumu SAY-07 strain, was sprayed with a spray throughout strawberry seedlings at a rate of 10 7 CFU / strain.
[0042]
One week after spraying, strawberry was inoculated by spraying the conidia of the anthrax fungus at a rate of 5 × 10 4 CFU / strain on the whole strawberry seedling. After inoculation, the cells were moisturized and infected in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 28 ± 2 ° C., and then cultivated for 2 months in a greenhouse kept at 20 ° C. or higher. After the completion of the cultivation, the disease status of all the strawberry seedlings was observed, and the mortality (the mortality of the treated section) was calculated by the following formula.
[0043]
(Equation 1)
Death rate (%) = (number of dead strains / total number of specimens) × 100
[0044]
For comparison, the same cultivation test was performed in the same manner as described above except that the pulverized material of the culture of the above-described Ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain was not sprayed. Death rate). The control value was calculated from the value of these mortality rates by the following formula.
[0045]
(Equation 2)
Control value (%) = ((Untreated area death rate-treated area death rate) / Untreated area death rate) × 100
[0046]
The same cultivation test as described above was performed in exactly the same manner as described above, except that a crushed product of the culture of the ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain was used instead of the crushed product of the culture of the ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain. , The death rate was calculated and the control value was calculated.
[0047]
As a result, the control value was 73.3% (mortality: 20%) for the group treated with the ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain, and 86.7% (the death rate was 10%) for the group treated with the ketomium aureum SAY-09. %)Met. In addition, the death rate in the untreated section was 75%.
[0048]
In addition, no phytotoxicity to strawberry was observed in both the ketomium aureum SAY-07 strain and the ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain. In addition, after the test was completed, it was confirmed that the above-mentioned two bacteria were isolated from the strawberry, and both of the two bacteria were established on the strawberry for more than two months.
[0049]
Embodiment 3
The same cultivation test as in Example 2 was performed again on the ketomium aureum SAY-09 strain, and the control value was calculated.
[0050]
The result was a control value of 100% (mortality rate 0%). In addition, the death rate in the untreated section was 44%.
[0051]
Embodiment 4
The same cultivation test as in Example 2 was performed on Talalomyces flavus Y-9401 from 1993 to 1995, and the control value was calculated for each cultivation year. Table 3 shows the results.
[0052]
[Table 3]
[0053]
As is clear from these results, it was confirmed that the filamentous fungus of the present invention had a high control effect on strawberry anthracnose, and the effect was maintained for a long time.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
The novel microorganism of the present invention has an antagonistic action against strawberry anthracnose and can exert the antagonistic action with a sustained effect.
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CN106119134B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2019-12-20 | 安徽农业大学 | Helminthosporium flavum Y28 and application thereof in preventing and treating fruit tree rot |
CN109315265B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-12-04 | 山东农业大学 | Preparation method and application of chaetomium globosum biological seedling culture medium |
CN115024335B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-04-25 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Lily leaf spot disease resisting preparation |
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CN116333891B (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-11-10 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Biocontrol bacterium JSNL-TX55 for gray mold and anthracnose of strawberries and application thereof |
CN116240113B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-08-25 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Biocontrol bacterium JSNL-B47 for inhibiting strawberry anthracnose and application thereof |
CN116555041B (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2024-03-01 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Strawberry biocontrol endophytic fungus JSNL-B124 and application thereof |
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