JP3654301B2 - Polarized illumination device and projection display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a polarization illumination device that uniformly illuminates a rectangular illumination region or the like using polarized light having a uniform polarization direction. The present invention also relates to a projection display device that modulates polarized light emitted from the polarized illumination device by a liquid crystal light valve and displays an enlarged image on a screen.

  As an optical system for uniformly illuminating a rectangular illumination area such as a liquid crystal light valve, an integrator optical system using two lens plates is conventionally known. An integrator optical system is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-111806, and has already been put into practical use as an illumination device for a projection display device using a liquid crystal light valve.

  The integrator optical system is in principle the same as that used in an exposure machine, and a light beam from a light source is divided by a plurality of rectangular condensing lenses constituting a first lens plate. The image (light source image) cut out by the rectangular condenser lens is superimposed on one illumination area via a second lens plate having a condenser lens group corresponding to each rectangular condenser lens. It is something to be imaged. In this optical system, the light source light utilization efficiency (illumination efficiency) is improved, and the intensity distribution of the light illuminating the liquid crystal light valve can be made substantially uniform.

  On the other hand, in a general projection display device using a liquid crystal light valve of a type that modulates polarized light, only one type of polarized light can be used, so about half of the light from a light source that emits randomly polarized light is about Not used. Therefore, proposals have been made to increase the light use efficiency by making it possible to use light that is not used. A typical example uses a polarization conversion optical system mainly including a polarizing beam splitter and a λ / 2 phase difference plate, as disclosed in pages 64 to 67 of EURODISPLAY '90 PROCEEDINGS. The polarization conversion optical system converts the type of polarized light that cannot be used by the liquid crystal light valve into the type of polarized light that can be used by the liquid crystal light valve, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the light source light.

  Here, by combining the integrator optical system and the polarization conversion optical system, it is possible to further improve the light use efficiency from the light source light. However, when these are simply combined, the lateral width of the entire optical system is enlarged about twice. For this reason, unless a projection lens having an extremely large aperture with a small F-number is used, not only the light use efficiency in the projection display apparatus can be improved, but also it becomes difficult to achieve downsizing of the optical system.

  In view of this point, an object of the present invention is to form a compact and compact polarization illumination device having a high light utilization efficiency in which an integrator optical system and a polarization conversion optical system are combined.

  Another object of the present invention is to obtain a bright projected image without using a large-aperture projection lens having a small F-number by using such a compact and compact polarization illumination device having high light utilization efficiency. It is to realize a projection display device capable of the above.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a polarized light illumination device according to the present invention includes a light source unit that emits light having a random polarization direction, and a plurality of rectangular condenser lenses having a rectangular outer shape, and is emitted from the light source unit. A lens plate for condensing the emitted light to form a plurality of secondary light source images, and a condensing lens array and a polarization separating prism arranged in the vicinity of the position where the plurality of secondary light source images are formed An array and a polarization conversion element, wherein the condensing lens array includes a plurality of condensing lenses, and the polarization separation prism array includes a pair of adjacent P-polarized light beams and a plurality of secondary light source images. It is separated into S-polarized light, and is composed of a plurality of polarization beam splitters and a plurality of reflection mirrors, and the polarization conversion element aligns the polarization directions of the P-polarized light and S-polarized light. , The polarization separator The optical axis of the light source unit and the system optical axis coincide with each other, and a variable angle prism is disposed between the light source unit and the lens plate. It is characterized by that.
In addition, the polarization illumination device of the present invention includes a light source unit that emits light having a random polarization direction and a plurality of rectangular condenser lenses having a rectangular outer shape, and condenses the light emitted from the light source unit. A lens plate for forming a plurality of secondary light source images, and a condensing lens array, a polarization separation prism array, and a polarization conversion element disposed in the vicinity of the position where the plurality of secondary light source images are formed. The condenser lens array includes a plurality of condenser lenses, and the polarization separation prism array separates each of the plurality of secondary light source images into a pair of adjacent P-polarized light and S-polarized light. And comprising a plurality of polarization beam splitters and a plurality of reflection mirrors, wherein the polarization conversion element aligns the polarization directions of the P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and the polarization separation prism array Exit surface The optical axis of the light source unit and the system optical axis coincide with each other, and at least one of the plurality of rectangular lenses constituting the lens plate is an eccentric lens. It is said.

  In the polarization illumination device of the present invention, a plurality of minute light beams (secondary light source images) are formed by a first lens plate made up of a plurality of minute rectangular condenser lenses, and these light beams are P-polarized light having different polarization directions. After separation into light and S-polarized light, the polarization planes of one or both of the polarized lights are rotated so that the polarization planes are aligned. Therefore, it is possible to irradiate one type of polarized light having the same polarization direction. For this reason, high-quality illumination light with high light utilization efficiency can be obtained.

  In addition, it is possible to construct a polarization illumination optical system by simply using a polarizing beam splitter, but in that case, the lateral width of the entire optical system is increased by about twice, so that the optical system is downsized. Cause inconvenience such as extremely difficult. In the present invention, polarized light is separated using a process of generating a fine secondary light source image, which is a feature of the integrator optical system, so that it is possible to suppress the spatial spread of the optical path accompanying the separation of the polarized light. . Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the polarization illumination device despite having the polarization conversion optical system.

  On the other hand, the projection display device of the present invention is characterized in that the polarization illumination device having the above-described configuration is provided as the illumination device.

  In the polarized illumination device of the present invention, the condensing lens constituting the second lens plate can be similar to the rectangular condensing lens constituting the first lens plate.

Instead, the size and shape of each of the condensing lenses constituting the second lens plate may be different. That is, the polarization beam splitter in which these secondary light source images are formed corresponding to the size and shape of the secondary light source images formed by each of the rectangular condenser lenses constituting the first lens plate. The structure which sets each magnitude | size and shape of these can be employ | adopted.
In this case, each condensing lens constituting the second lens plate is also set to have a size and shape corresponding to the size and shape of the corresponding polarizing beam splitter.

  As described above, each of the condenser lenses and the polarization beam splitter is made to correspond to the size and shape of the formed secondary light source image, that is, to have a size and shape sufficient to include the secondary light source image. If the size and shape are set, the light utilization efficiency can be improved. Further, the illuminance distribution can be made uniform.

  In general, a large secondary light source image is formed on the center side that is the system optical axis side, and the secondary light source image that is formed becomes smaller toward the peripheral side. Accordingly, the central condenser lens and the polarizing beam splitter should be made large, and the peripheral one should be made small.

  Here, condensing lenses having the same size and shape are used, and only the polarization beam splitters are set so that their size and shape correspond to the secondary light source image to be formed. Also good. Even in this case, the light use efficiency can be improved, and the illuminance distribution can be made uniform.

  Next, the light source unit is arranged so that the optical axis of the light source forms a slight angle with respect to the system optical axis so that the secondary light source image formed by the first lens plate is positioned at the polarization beam splitter. There is a need to. Instead, by arranging a variable angle prism, the light source optical axis R can coincide with the system optical axis L, and the light source unit can be arranged without tilting. For example, it is possible to employ a configuration in which a variable angle lens is disposed between the light source unit and the first lens plate. The variable angle lens may be integrated with the first lens plate.

  Instead of using a variable angle lens, the rectangular condensing lens constituting the first lens plate may be an eccentric lens. Instead of this, the condensing lens constituting the condensing lens array on the second lens plate side may be an eccentric lens. When the condensing lens constituting the condensing lens array on the second lens plate side is an eccentric lens, the decentering amount of each decentering lens and the angle of the reflecting film of the reflecting mirror are adjusted to adjust the decentering lens. The exit side lens, which is a component of the second lens plate, can be omitted.

  On the other hand, instead of configuring the optical system so that the light source optical axis of the light source section is inclined with respect to the system optical axis, the following configuration is adopted to polarize the secondary light source image formed by the first lens plate. It can also be located at the beam splitter. That is, the optical system may be configured so that the light source optical axis is translated in the arrangement direction of the polarizing beam splitter by an amount that is half the lateral width of the polarizing beam splitter with respect to the system optical axis. In this case, in correspondence with the movement of the light source optical axis, the first lens plate is also translated in the same direction by the same amount, and the center of the first lens plate is aligned with the light source optical axis.

  Note that, in the condensing lens constituting the condensing lens array of the second lens plate, the actually necessary portion is a portion corresponding to the lateral width of the polarization beam splitter. Therefore, the lateral width of each condenser lens may be set to a dimension at least equal to the lateral width of the polarizing beam splitter.

  Further, as the λ / 2 phase difference plate, one formed of TN (twisted nematic) liquid crystal can be used.

  Next, the polarization separation prism array described above has a prismatic prism composite with a polarization separation film formed therein as a polarization beam splitter, and a reflection film formed therein as a reflection mirror. A structure having a prismatic prism-shaped composite body can be employed.

  In this case, the prism composite formed with the polarization separation film and the prism composite formed with the reflection mirror may be arranged in a line in a direction perpendicular to the system optical axis.

  For example, a prism composite with a polarization separation film and a prism composite with a reflection mirror are alternately arranged in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the system optical axis, and each of the polarization separation films is A configuration in which the tilt angles are approximately the same with respect to the axis can be employed.

  Instead, the prism composite with the polarization separation film and the prism composite with the reflection mirror are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the system optical axis, and each of the polarization separation films is aligned with the system optical axis. A configuration may be adopted in which both sides are arranged so as to have a symmetrical inclination angle with respect to the optical axis.

On the other hand, in the projection display device of the present invention provided with the polarized illumination device having each configuration described above, generally, a color light separation unit that separates a light beam from the polarization illumination device into at least two light beams, and a modulation unit. Color light combining means for combining the modulated light beams after modulation, and the combined light beam obtained by the color light combining means is projected and displayed as a color image on a screen via a projection optical system.
[Example]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Example 1)
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part of the polarization illumination apparatus according to the first embodiment when viewed in plan. The polarized illuminating device 1 of this example is generally configured by a light source unit 2, a first lens plate 3, and a second lens plate 4 arranged along the system optical axis L. The light emitted from the light source unit 2 is condensed in the second lens plate 4 by the first lens plate 3, and the polarization direction of random polarized light is aligned in the process of passing through the second lens plate 4. It is converted into one kind of polarized light and reaches the illumination area 5.

  The light source unit 2 is generally composed of a light source lamp 201 and a parabolic reflector 202. Random polarized light emitted from the light source lamp 201 is reflected in one direction by the parabolic reflector 202 and is incident on the first lens plate 3 as a substantially parallel light beam. Here, instead of the parabolic reflector 202, an elliptical reflector, a spherical reflector, or the like can be used. The light source optical axis R is inclined with respect to the system optical axis L by a certain angle.

  FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the first lens plate 3. As shown in this figure, the first lens plate 3 has a configuration in which a plurality of minute rectangular condenser lenses 301 having a rectangular outline are arranged vertically and horizontally. The light incident on the first lens plate 3 forms the same number of condensed images as the number of rectangular condenser lenses 301 in a plane perpendicular to the system optical axis L by the condensing action of the rectangular condenser lens 301. Since the plurality of condensed images are nothing but projection images of the light source lamp, they are hereinafter referred to as secondary light source images.

  Next, the second lens plate 4 of this example will be described with reference to FIG. 1 again. The second lens plate 4 is a composite laminate including a condenser lens array 410, a polarization separation prism array 420, a λ / 2 phase difference plate 430, and an emission side lens 440, and is based on the first lens plate 3. It is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the system optical axis L in the vicinity of the position where the secondary light source image is formed. The second lens plate 4 has a function as a second lens plate of the indexer optical system, a function as a polarization separation element, and a function as a polarization conversion element.

The condenser lens array 410 has substantially the same configuration as the first lens plate 3.
That is, a plurality of condensing lenses 411 having the same number as the rectangular condensing lenses 301 constituting the first lens plate 3 are arranged, and has an action of condensing light from the first lens plate 3. The condenser lens array 410 corresponds to the second lens plate of the integrator optical system.

  The condensing lens 411 constituting the condensing lens array 410 and the rectangular condensing lens 301 constituting the first lens plate 3 do not have to have exactly the same size and shape and lens characteristics. It is desirable to optimize each according to the characteristics of the light from the light source unit 2. However, it is ideal that the light incident on the polarizing beam prism array 420 has the principal ray tilted parallel to the system optical axis L. From this point, the condensing lens 411 has the same lens characteristics as the rectangular condensing lens 301 constituting the first lens plate 3, or the same lens having a similar shape to the rectangular condensing lens 301. In many cases, it has characteristics.

  FIG. 3 shows the appearance of the polarization separation prism array 420. As shown in this figure, the polarization separation prism array 420 includes a polarization beam splitter 421 made of a prismatic prism composite with a polarization separation film inside, and a prismatic prism composite with a reflection film inside. A pair consisting of the reflecting mirrors 422 is a basic structural unit, and a plurality of pairs are arranged in a plane (arranged in a plane on which a secondary light source image is formed). A pair of basic structural units are regularly arranged so as to correspond to the condenser lens 411 constituting the condenser lens array 410. Further, the lateral width Wp of one polarization beam splitter 421 and the lateral width Wm of one reflection mirror 422 are equal. Further, in this example, the values of Wp and Wm are set so as to be ½ of the lateral width of the condensing lens 411 constituting the condensing lens array 410, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  Here, the second lens plate 4 including the polarization separation prism array 420 is arranged so that the secondary light source image formed by the first lens plate 3 is positioned at the portion of the polarization beam splitter 421. Therefore, the light source unit 2 is arranged such that the light source optical axis R is slightly angled with respect to the system optical axis L.

  Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, random polarized light incident on the polarization separation prism array 420 is separated into two types of polarized light of P-polarized light and S-polarized light having different polarization directions by the polarization beam splitter 421. The The P-polarized light passes through the polarization beam splitter 421 without changing the traveling direction. On the other hand, the S-polarized light is reflected by the polarization separation film 423 of the polarization beam splitter 421 and changes the traveling direction by about 90 degrees, and is reflected by the reflecting surface 424 of the adjacent reflecting mirror 422 (a pair of reflecting mirrors) to change the traveling direction. The angle is changed by about 90 degrees, and finally the light is emitted from the polarization separation prism array 420 at an angle substantially parallel to the P-polarized light.

  A λ / 2 phase difference plate 430 in which λ / 2 phase difference films 431 are regularly arranged is installed on the output surface of the polarization separation prism array 420. That is, the λ / 2 phase difference film 431 is disposed only on the exit surface portion of the polarization beam splitter 421 constituting the polarization separation prism array 420, and the λ / 2 phase difference film 431 is disposed on the exit surface portion of the reflection mirror 422. Not. Due to such an arrangement state of the λ / 2 retardation film 431, the P-polarized light emitted from the polarization beam splitter 421 is subjected to the rotating action of the polarization plane when passing through the λ / 2 retardation film 431, and thus the S-polarized light. Is converted to On the other hand, since the S-polarized light emitted from the reflection mirror 422 does not pass through the λ / 2 retardation film 431, it does not receive any rotational action of the polarization plane and passes through the λ / 2 retardation plate 430 as it is. . To summarize the above, random polarized light is converted into one type of polarized light (in this case, S-polarized light) by the polarization separation prism array 420 and the λ / 2 phase difference plate 430.

  The light beam aligned with the S-polarized light in this way is guided to the illumination area 5 by the exit side lens 440 and is superimposed and coupled on the illumination area 5. In other words, the image surface cut out by the first lens plate 3 is superimposed on the illumination area 5 by the second lens plate 4. At the same time, random polarized light is spatially separated into two types of polarized light having different polarization directions by the polarization separation prism array 420 on the way, and one type of polarized light is passed through the λ / 2 phase difference plate 430. Almost all of the light reaches the illumination area 5. For this reason, the illumination area 5 is almost uniformly illuminated by one type of polarized light.

  As described above, according to the polarized illumination device 1 of the present example, the randomly polarized light emitted from the light source unit 2 is condensed on a predetermined minute region of the polarization separation prism array 420 by the first lens plate 3. Then, after spatially separating into two types of polarized light having different polarization directions, each polarized light is guided to a predetermined region of the λ / 2 phase difference plate 430 to convert P-polarized light into S-polarized light. Therefore, there is an effect that it is possible to irradiate the illumination region 5 in a state in which random polarized light emitted from the light source unit 2 is almost aligned with S-polarized light. Further, since there is almost no light loss in the conversion process of polarized light, the light source light has a very high utilization efficiency.

  Furthermore, in this example, the minute rectangular condenser lens 301 constituting the first lens plate 3 is formed into a horizontally-long rectangular shape in accordance with the shape of the illumination region 5 that is a horizontally-long rectangular shape, and at the same time, a polarization separating prism array. Two types of polarized light emitted from 420 are separated in the horizontal direction. For this reason, even when illuminating the illumination area 5 having a horizontally long rectangular shape, the illumination efficiency can be increased without wasting light.

  In general, if a polarized beam splitter is used to simply separate randomly polarized light into P-polarized light and S-polarized light, the width of the light beam emitted from the polarized beam splitter is doubled, and the optical system is enlarged accordingly. End up. However, in the polarized illumination device of the present invention, the process of generating a minute secondary light source image, which is a feature of the integrator optical system, can be successfully used to absorb the broadening of the beam width caused by separating polarized light. Therefore, the width of the light flux does not increase, and a small optical system can be realized.

(Example 2)
In the first embodiment, the light source unit 2 has a light source optical axis R with respect to the system optical axis L so that the secondary light source image formed by the first lens plate 3 is positioned at the polarization beam splitter 421. Although it has been necessary to arrange the light source so as to form a slight angle, it is possible to arrange the light source optical axis R with the system optical axis L and arrange the light source unit without inclining by arranging the variable angle prism.

  The polarization illumination apparatus 10 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is an example using a variable angle prism. As shown in this figure, in the polarization illumination device 10, the variable angle prism 6 is disposed between the light source unit 2 and the first lens plate 3. The light incident on the variable angle prism 6 from the light source unit 2 is slightly bent in the traveling direction by the variable angle prism, is incident on the first lens plate 3 with a certain angle that is not perpendicular, and is incident on the polarization beam splitter 421. Reach the position.

  In this way, the position of the secondary light source image formed by the first lens plate 3 can be freely set by installing the variable angle prism 6. Therefore, the light source unit 2 can be disposed on the system optical axis L, and the production of the optical system is simpler and easier.

  In this example, the variable angle prism 6 is integrated with the incident side surface of the first lens plate 3. For this reason, the number of interfaces that cause light reflection loss between the variable angle prism 6 and the first lens plate 3 can be reduced. By integrating the variable angle prism 6 with respect to the first lens plate 3, the light from the light source unit 2 can be guided to the second lens plate 4 without loss.

(Example 3)
In order to be able to arrange the light source unit 2 that needs to be arranged in a slightly inclined state with respect to the system optical axis L, in addition to the method shown in the second embodiment, This can also be realized by a method in which the rectangular condenser lens 301 constituting the first lens plate 3 is an eccentric lens. Example 3 shown in FIG. 5 is a polarization illumination apparatus having such a configuration.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the illumination device 100 of this example, the first lens plate 3 is configured by the eccentric micro-collecting lens 310, the chief ray of the light beam emitted from the first lens plate 3 is slightly tilted, The secondary light source image is set to be formed at a predetermined position of the polarization beam splitter 421. For this reason, the light source part 2 can be arrange | positioned on the system optical axis L, and manufacture of an optical system becomes easier and easy.

(Example 4)
Each of the second lens plates 4 used in the first to third embodiments includes a condenser lens array 410 and an emission side lens 440. It is ideal that the light incident on the polarization beam prism array 410 has an inclination of the principal ray parallel to the system optical axis L. Therefore, the condensing lens array 421 is a rectangle constituting the first lens plate 3. In many cases, it is configured by the same lens as the condensing lens 301, and the exit side lens 440 transmits a light beam that has passed through a different position away from the system optical axis L on the second lens plate 4 to a predetermined illumination area 5. Necessary for superimposing the top.

  However, the exit lens 440 can be omitted by making the condenser lens array 410 an eccentric lens and devising the installation angle of the reflection surface 424 of the reflection mirror 422. FIG. 6 shows a polarization illumination apparatus according to the fourth embodiment having this configuration.

  As shown in FIG. 6, in this example, the condensing lens array 410 is configured using the eccentric condensing lenses 412 and 413, so that the P-polarized light that passes through the polarizing beam splitter 421 in the condensing lens array 410 portion. The principal ray of light can be directed to the center 51 of the illumination area. The light beam passing through the polarization beam splitter 421 at a position away from the system optical axis L can be dealt with by increasing the amount of eccentricity of the eccentric condenser lens 412. On the other hand, for the S-polarized light emitted through the polarizing beam splitter 421 and the reflecting mirror 422, the principal angle of the S-polarized light is illuminated by setting the installation angle of the reflecting surface 424 of the reflecting mirror 422 to an appropriate value. It can be directed to the center 51 of the region. Of course, in this case, it is necessary to individually optimize the installation angle of the reflecting surface in accordance with the distance from the system optical axis L.

  With the above configuration, the exit side lens 440 is not necessary, and the cost of the optical system can be reduced.

  Further, in the configuration in which the exit side lens is not used as in this example, the installation location of the condensing lens array 410 is not limited to the light source side of the polarization separation prism array 420, and the eccentricity constituting the condensing lens array 410 is not limited. Depending on the lens characteristics of the system condensing lenses 412, 413 and the arrangement angle of the polarization separation film 423 and the reflection film 424 of the polarization separation prism array 420, the condenser lens array 410 is closer to the illumination region 5 than the polarization separation prism array 420. It can also be installed.

(Example 5)
In any of the first to third embodiments, the light source unit 2 and the first lens plate 3 are arranged on the system optical axis L in any case, and the direction of the light source unit 2 or the lens of the first lens plate 3 is arranged. By adjusting the characteristics, a secondary light source image is formed at a predetermined position of the polarization beam splitter 421. On the other hand, the same result can be obtained by moving the light source unit 2 and the first lens plate 3 parallel to the system optical axis.

  Further, focusing on the horizontal size (horizontal width) of the condenser lens 411 constituting the condenser lens array 410 of the second lens plate 4, the image formation position of the secondary light source image is always on the polarization beam splitter 421. Since it is limited, it can be seen that if the lateral width of the condenser lens 411 is equal to the lateral width Wp of the polarizing beam splitter 421, the condenser lens 411 functions sufficiently.

  A specific example incorporating the above contents is shown in FIG. 7 as a polarized illumination apparatus 300 according to the fifth embodiment. In this example, the direction in which the polarization beam splitter 421 exists in the polarization separation prism array 420 (= D) with respect to the system optical axis L by a movement amount (= D) corresponding to ½ of the lateral width Wp of the polarization beam splitter 421 ( The light source unit 2 and the first lens plate 3 are arranged in a state of being translated in the downward direction in the figure. Further, by using a condensing half-lens 414 having a lens width (horizontal width) equal to the lateral width Wp of the polarizing beam splitter 421, the second lens plate 4 is collected by arranging the condensing half-lens 414 in correspondence with the location of the polarizing beam splitter. An optical lens array 410 is configured.

  With the above-described configuration, the optical system can be easily designed and the cost of the optical system can be reduced.

(Modification of Example 5)
In the fifth embodiment, paying attention to the fact that the imaging position of the secondary light source image is always limited to the polarization beam splitter 421, the lateral width of the condenser lens 411 is the lateral width Wp of the polarization beam splitter 421. A condensing half lens 414 having the same size is used. Such a condensing half lens 414 is manufactured by cutting both ends of a normal condensing lens, for example, the condensing lens 411 shown in Examples 1 to 3 described above.

  However, in some cases, it may be advantageous in terms of cost to use a normal condensing lens 411 as shown in the first to third embodiments, rather than adopting the condensing half lens 414.

  In consideration of this point, FIG. 8 shows a configuration example in which the condensing lens 411 used in the first to third embodiments is used instead of the condensing half lens 414. The overall configuration of the polarized illumination device 300A shown in this figure is the same as that of the polarized illumination device 300 according to the fifth embodiment. The difference is that the condensing lens constituting the condensing lens array 410 is not a half lens but a condensing lens 411 similar to that used in the first to third embodiments, and these condensing lenses. That is, the lens 411 is in a position moved in the width direction of the polarization beam splitter 421 by an amount half of its width Wp.

(Example 6)
In each of the embodiments described above, the polarization separation film 423 of the polarization beam splitter 421 and the reflection surface 424 of the reflection mirror 422 formed on the polarization separation prism array 420 which is one of the components of the second lens plate 4 are provided. Inclined in the same direction with respect to the system optical axis L. Instead of adopting this configuration, it is also possible to employ a configuration in which the polarization separation film 423 and the reflection film 424 are inclined in the left and right directions with respect to the system optical axis L.

  FIG. 9 shows a polarization illumination apparatus 500 incorporating a polarization separation prism array having this configuration. The polarized illumination device 500 of this example is also generally composed of the light source unit 2, the first lens plate 3, and the second lens plate 4 arranged along the system optical axis L, as in the above-described embodiments. . The light emitted from the light source unit 2 is condensed in the second lens plate 4 by the first lens plate 3, and the polarization direction of random polarized light is aligned in the process of passing through the second lens plate 4. It is converted into one kind of polarized light and reaches the illumination area 5.

  The first lens plate 3 of the polarized illumination apparatus 500 has a micro condensing lens 311 made of an eccentric lens arranged on the system optical axis L side which is the center side thereof, and a normal micro condensing lens on the outside thereof. Lenses 312 are arranged. The micro condensing lenses 311 made of eccentric lenses are arranged symmetrically with respect to the system optical axis L so that the brightness in the illumination area 5 is uniform.

  The second lens plate 4 includes the condensing lens array 410, the polarization separation prism array 420, the λ / 2 phase difference plate 430, and the exit side lens 440 from the light incident side in the same manner as in the previous embodiments. It is the arrangement arranged in order. The second lens plate 4 is disposed in a plane perpendicular to the system optical axis L in the vicinity of the position where the secondary light source image is formed by the first lens plate 3.

  In the condensing lens array 410, a condensing lens 415 that is also composed of an eccentric lens is disposed in the vicinity of the position where the secondary light source image is formed by each micro condensing lens 311 that is composed of an eccentric lens of the first lens plate 3. . In addition, a normal concentric condensing lens 416 is disposed in the vicinity of the position where the secondary light source image is formed by each minute condensing lens 312 of the first lens plate 3. Here, each of the condensing lenses 415 and 416 constituting the condensing lens array 410 is set to a size sufficient to include the secondary light source image formed here. That is, the secondary light source image formed on the center side of the system optical axis L is larger than the secondary light source image formed on the outer peripheral side thereof. For this reason, in this example, the eccentric condenser lens 415 located on the system optical axis L side, that is, the center side of the condenser lens array 410 is compared with the condenser lens 416 located on the peripheral side. Are set to large dimensions.

  Thus, the size of the condensing lenses 415 and 416 constituting the condensing lens array 410 on the second lens plate 4 side is set so that the center side and the peripheral side of the second lens plate are the same. Therefore, the dimensions of the polarization beam splitters 421A and 421B and the reflection mirrors 422A and 422B formed on the polarization separation prism array 420 disposed on the output side of the condenser lens array 410 are also correspondingly changed. The center side is larger than the peripheral side.

  Further, in the polarizing prism array 410 of this example, a polarizing beam splitter 421A in which a polarization separation film 423A is formed is disposed in a state of being symmetrical in the width direction about the system optical axis L. On both sides, a reflection mirror 422A having a reflection film 424A formed therein is disposed. Further, a small-sized reflection mirror 422B is disposed on both sides of these. The reflective film 424B formed on the small-sized reflective mirror 422B is inclined in the opposite direction to the reflective film 424A of the large-sized reflective mirror 422A located inside. Small-sized polarizing beam splitters 421B are arranged on both sides of the small-sized reflecting mirror 422B having this configuration. The polarization separation film 423B formed on these polarization beam splitters 421B is also inclined in the opposite direction to the polarization separation film 423A of the large size polarization beam splitter 421A located inside.

  As described above, in accordance with the position and size of the secondary light source image formed by the first lens plate 3, the condensing lens constituting the condensing lens array 410 and the polarization constituting the polarization separation prism array 420. By optimizing the dimensions and shape of the beam splitter and the reflecting mirror, it is possible to further improve the utilization efficiency of the light source light and to reduce the size of the second lens plate 4.

(Example 7)
In the above-described sixth embodiment, the dimensions of the condenser lenses constituting the condenser lens array 410 of the second lens plate 4 in accordance with the size of the secondary light source image formed by the first lens plate 3. The shape is set. Similarly, the size and shape of each polarization beam splitter and reflection mirror constituting the polarization separation prism array 420 are set.

  However, the condensing lens array 410 is configured using condensing lenses of the same size and shape, and the size of each prism constituting the polarization separation prism array 420, that is, the polarization beam splitter and the reflection formed on them. Only the size and shape of the mirror may correspond to the size of the secondary light source image.

  FIG. 10 shows an example of a polarization illumination device having this configuration. The polarization illumination device 600 shown in this figure has basically the same configuration as the polarization illumination device 300A that is a modification of the above-described fifth embodiment. Therefore, the characteristic part will be described below.

  In the polarization illumination device 600 of this example, the condensing lens array 410 constituting the second lens plate 4 is composed of condensing lenses 416A to 416D having the same shape and the same dimensions.

  However, the sizes of the polarization beam splitter and the reflection mirror formed in the polarization separation prism array 420 are changed according to the size of the secondary light source image to be formed. That is, since the secondary light source image formed on the center side of the system optical axis L is large, a large polarization beam splitter 425A and a reflection mirror 425B are arranged corresponding to the secondary light source image. On the other hand, since the secondary light source image formed is relatively small on the peripheral side far from the system optical axis L, a relatively small polarizing beam splitter 426A and a reflecting mirror 426B are disposed correspondingly. Yes.

  Here, in each lens 314A thru | or 314D which comprises the 1st lens plate 3, and each condensing lens 416A thru | or 416D which comprises the condensing lens array 410 by the side of the 2nd lens plate 4, these Eccentric lenses are used for some of the lenses. Further, as in the fifth embodiment, an arrangement in which the light source optical axis R is translated from the system optical axis L by a certain distance D is employed. The first lens plate 3 is also translated in the same direction by the same amount so that its center coincides with the light source optical axis.

  By adopting these configurations, a secondary light source image obtained via the first lens plate 3 can be formed on the polarization beam splitter.

  In addition, the value of the distance D in FIG. 10, which lens among the condensing lenses 314A to 314D and condensing lenses 416A to 416D is to be an eccentric system, and the amount of eccentricity of the eccentric lens to be used The degree to which the value is adjusted depends on the design of the optical system. Therefore, these matters are not uniquely determined, but are of a nature that should be determined according to each specific device configuration.

  In this example, the condensing lenses 416A to 416D constituting the condensing lens array 410 on the second lens plate 4 side use concentric lenses. However, as described above, the condensing lenses 416A to 416D having the same shape and the same size are bonded to the polarization beam splitters 425A and 426A having different sizes, and therefore, there is a deviation between the centers thereof. For this reason, as a result, these concentric condenser lenses 416A to 416D are equivalent to the use of an eccentric lens.

  As described above, the polarization illumination device 600 includes the condensing lenses 416A to 416D having a size corresponding to the size of the secondary light source image to be formed. Also with this configuration, the utilization efficiency for light can be improved, as in the sixth embodiment.

  In this example, the condensing lens array 410 of the second lens plate 4 includes condensing lenses 416A to 416D having the same shape and the same dimensions. Therefore, there is an advantage that the condenser lens array can be easily manufactured.

(Projection Display Device Using Polarized Illumination Device of Example 1)
FIG. 11 shows an example of a projection display device in which the polarization illumination device 100 shown in FIG. 5 is incorporated among the polarization illumination devices of Examples 1 to 6.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the polarization illumination device 100 of the projection display device 3400 of this example includes a light source unit 2 that emits randomly polarized light in one direction, and random polarized light emitted from the light source unit 2. After being guided to a predetermined position of the second lens plate 4 in a state of being condensed by the first lens plate 3, two kinds of polarized light are polarized by the polarization separation prism array 420 in the second lens plate 4. Separated into light. Of the separated polarized light, P-polarized light is converted to S-polarized light by the λ / 2 phase difference plate 430.

  The luminous flux emitted from the polarized illumination device 100 first transmits red light and reflects blue light and green light in the blue-green reflecting dichroic mirror 3401. The red light is reflected by the reflection mirror 3402 and reaches the first liquid crystal light valve 3403. On the other hand, of the blue light and the green light, the green light is reflected by the green reflecting dichroic mirror 3404 and reaches the second liquid crystal light valve 3405.

  Here, since the blue light has the longest optical path length among the respective color lights, the blue light is guided by a relay lens system including the incident side lens 3406, the relay lens 3408, and the emission side lens 3410. Means 3450 are provided. That is, after passing through the green reflecting dichroic mirror 3404, the blue light is first guided to the relay lens 3408 through the incident side lens 3406 and the reflecting mirror 3407, and is focused on the relay lens 3408, and then reflected by the reflecting mirror 3409. The light is guided to the exit side lens 3410 and then reaches the third liquid crystal light valve 3411. Here, the first to third liquid crystal light valves 3403, 3405, and 3411 modulate the respective color lights, include the video information corresponding to each color, and then convert the modulated color lights to the dichroic prism 3413 (color synthesis means). Is incident on. In the dichroic prism 3413, a red reflective dielectric multilayer film and a blue reflective dielectric multilayer film are formed in a cross shape, and the respective modulated light beams are combined. The light beam synthesized here passes through the projection lens 3414 (projection means) to form an image on the screen 3415.

  In the projection display device 3400 configured as described above, a liquid crystal light valve of a type that modulates one type of polarized light is used. Therefore, when random polarized light is guided to a liquid crystal light valve using a conventional illumination device, half of the random polarized light is absorbed by a polarizing plate (not shown) and converted to heat. However, there is a problem that a large-sized and noisy cooling device that suppresses heat generation of the polarizing plate is necessary. However, in the apparatus 3400 of the present example, such a problem is greatly improved.

  In other words, in the projection display apparatus 3400 of this example, in the polarization illumination apparatus 100, only one polarized light, for example, P-polarized light, is rotated by the polarization plane by the λ / 2 phase difference plate 430, and the other The polarized light, for example, S-polarized light and the polarization plane are aligned. Therefore, since the polarized light having the same polarization direction is guided to the first to third liquid crystal light valves 3403, 3405, and 3411, the light absorption by the polarizing plate is very small, and thus the light use efficiency is improved. A bright projected image can be obtained.

  Moreover, since the light absorption amount by a polarizing plate reduces, the temperature rise in a polarizing plate is suppressed. Accordingly, the cooling device can be reduced in size and noise, and a high-performance projection display device can be realized.

  Further, in the polarization illumination device 100, the second lens plate 4 separates two types of polarized light in the horizontal direction according to the shape of the condenser lens 411. Accordingly, a horizontally long illumination area can be formed without wasting light. Therefore, the polarization illumination device 100 is suitable for a horizontally long liquid crystal light valve that is easy to see and can project powerful images.

  As described above with respect to the first embodiment, in the polarization illumination device 100 of this example, the spread of the width of the light beam emitted from the polarization conversion prism array 420 is suppressed even though the polarization conversion optical element is incorporated. . This means that when illuminating the liquid crystal light valve, there is almost no light incident on the liquid crystal light valve with a large angle. Therefore, a bright projected image can be realized without using an extremely large aperture projection lens with a small F number.

  Further, in this example, since the dichroic prism 3413 is used as the color composition means, the size can be reduced. In addition, since the optical path length between the liquid crystal light valves 3403, 3405, and 3411 and the projection lens 3414 is short, a bright projected image can be realized even when a projection lens having a relatively small aperture is used. Each color light has a different optical path length in only one of the three optical paths. In this example, the blue light having the longest optical path length is incident side lens 3406, relay lens 3408, and outgoing side lens 3410. Since the light guide means 3450 composed of the relay lens system is provided, color unevenness does not occur.

  Note that the projection display device can also be configured by a mirror optical system using two dichroic mirrors as color combining means. Of course, in this case as well, it is possible to incorporate the polarized illumination device of this example, and as in this example, it is possible to form a bright high-quality projected image with excellent light utilization efficiency.

(Other embodiments)
In each of the above embodiments, for example, the polarization separation means aligns the P-polarized light with the S-polarized light, but of course the polarization direction may be aligned with any direction. Further, the polarization plane may be aligned by giving a rotating action of the polarization plane to the P-polarized light and the S-polarized light by the retardation layer.

  On the other hand, in each Example, what consists of a general polymer film as lambda / 2 phase difference plate is assumed. However, these retardation plates may be configured using twisted nematic liquid crystal (TN liquid crystal). When the TN liquid crystal is used, the wavelength dependency of the retardation plate can be reduced, so that the polarization conversion performance of the λ / 2 retardation plate can be improved as compared with the case of using a general polymer film. .

  As described above, in the polarization illumination device according to the present invention, it is possible to irradiate the irradiation region with polarized light having a uniform polarization direction. Therefore, when the polarized illumination device according to the present invention is used in a projection display device using a liquid crystal light valve, polarized light with a uniform polarization plane can be supplied to the liquid crystal light valve, so that the light utilization efficiency is improved. The brightness of the projected image can be improved. Moreover, since the light absorption amount by a polarizing plate reduces, the temperature rise in a polarizing plate is suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size and noise of the cooling device.

  In the present invention, the spatial spread caused by the separation of polarized light is avoided by using a process of generating a fine secondary light source image, which is a feature of the integrator optical system. Therefore, despite the optical system including the polarization conversion element, the size of the device can be suppressed to the same size as that of the conventional lighting device.

  Furthermore, since a polarization beam splitter provided with a thermally stable dielectric multilayer film is used as the polarization separation means, the polarization separation performance of the polarization separation unit is thermally stable. For this reason, even in a projection display device that requires a large light output, a stable polarization separation performance can always be exhibited.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the optical system of the polarization illumination apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view of the 1st lens board of FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the polarization separation prism array in FIG. 1. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the optical system of the polarization illumination apparatus which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the optical system of the polarization illumination apparatus which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the optical system of the polarization illumination apparatus which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the optical system of the polarization illumination apparatus which concerns on Example 5 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the modification of the polarization illuminating device shown in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the optical system of the polarization illumination apparatus which concerns on Example 6 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the optical system of the polarization illumination apparatus which concerns on Example 7 of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the optical system which shows an example of the projection type display apparatus with which the polarized illumination apparatus of FIG. 5 was integrated.

Explanation of symbols

1, 10, 100, 200, 300, 300A, 400, 500, 600
Polarized illumination device 2 Light source unit 3 First lens plate 301 Rectangular condenser lens 310, 311, 312, 314A to 314D Rectangular condenser lens 4 Second lens plate 410 Condensing lens array 411, 412, 413 Condensing lens 414 Condensing half mirror 415 Eccentric focusing lens 416, 416A to 416D Condensing lens 420 Polarization separating prism array 421, 421A, 421B, 425A, 426A Polarizing beam splitter 422, 422A, 422B, 425B, 426B Reflecting mirror 423, 423A 423B Polarization separation films 424, 424A, 424B Reflective film 430 λ / 2 phase difference plate 440 Emission side lens 5 Illumination area 6 Deflection prism 3400 Projection display device 3401 Blue-green reflection dichroic mirror 3402 Reflection mirror 3403 Liquid crystal light valve 3 404 Dichroic mirror 3405 Liquid crystal light valve 3405
3406 Incident side lens 3407 Reflective mirror 3408 Relay lens 3450 Light guide unit 3410 Emission side lens 3409 Reflective mirror 3411 Liquid crystal light valve 3413 Dichroic prism 3414 Projection lens (projection unit)
3415 screen

Claims (21)

A light source unit that emits light with a random polarization direction;
A plurality of rectangular condenser lenses having a rectangular outer shape, a lens plate for condensing the light emitted from the light source unit to form a plurality of secondary light source images;
A condenser lens array, a polarization separation prism array, and a polarization conversion element, which are arranged in the vicinity of a position where the plurality of secondary light source images are formed;
The condenser lens array is composed of a plurality of condenser lenses,
The polarization separation prism array separates each of the plurality of secondary light source images into a pair of adjacent P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and includes a plurality of polarization beam splitters and a plurality of reflection mirrors. And
The polarization conversion element aligns the polarization directions of the P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and is disposed on the exit surface side of the polarization separation prism array,
The optical axis of the light source unit is coincident with the system optical axis,
A variable angle prism is disposed between the light source unit and the lens plate.
A polarized illumination apparatus characterized by the above.   2. The polarization illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the variable angle prism is integrated with the lens plate. A light source unit that emits light with a random polarization direction;
A plurality of rectangular condenser lenses having a rectangular outer shape, a lens plate for condensing the light emitted from the light source unit to form a plurality of secondary light source images;
A condenser lens array, a polarization separation prism array, and a polarization conversion element, which are arranged in the vicinity of a position where the plurality of secondary light source images are formed;
The condenser lens array is composed of a plurality of condenser lenses,
The polarization separation prism array separates each of the plurality of secondary light source images into a pair of adjacent P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and includes a plurality of polarization beam splitters and a plurality of reflection mirrors. And
The polarization conversion element aligns the polarization directions of the P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and is disposed on the exit surface side of the polarization separation prism array,
The optical axis of the light source unit is coincident with the system optical axis,
At least one of the plurality of rectangular lenses constituting the lens plate is an eccentric lens.
A polarized illumination apparatus characterized by the above.   4. The polarized light illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the condenser lens array is disposed on a light incident side of the polarization separation prism array.   5. The polarization illumination device according to claim 4, further comprising an exit side lens disposed on the light exit side of the polarization conversion element.   5. The polarized light illumination device according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the plurality of condensing lenses constituting the condensing lens array is an eccentric lens.   4. The polarized light illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the condenser lens array is disposed closer to an illumination area than the polarization separation prism array. 5.   8. The polarized light illumination device according to claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of condenser lenses constituting the condenser lens array is an eccentric lens.   9. The polarization illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular condenser lens has a horizontally long rectangular shape.   The polarized illumination according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the condenser lens constituting the condenser lens array is similar to the rectangular condenser lens constituting the lens plate. apparatus. The light emitted from the light source unit is condensed to form a plurality of secondary light source images, and the plurality of secondary light source images having the same polarization direction are arranged on the illumination area by a condensing lens array and / or a lens. A polarization illumination device that overlaps with
Each of the plurality of secondary light source images is separated into a pair of adjacent P-polarized light and S-polarized light by a polarization separation prism array including a plurality of polarization beam splitters and a plurality of reflection mirrors arranged alternately. And
The polarization directions of the pair of adjacent P-polarized light and S-polarized light are aligned by a polarization conversion element,
The optical axis of the light source unit is coincident with the system optical axis,
Among the plurality of condensing lenses constituting the condensing lens array, at least one is an eccentric lens.
A polarized illumination apparatus characterized by the above.   12. The polarization illumination device according to claim 11, wherein the condenser lens array is disposed on a light incident side of the polarization separation prism array.   The polarized illumination device according to claim 12, wherein the lens is disposed on a light exit side of the polarization conversion element.   12. The polarized light illumination device according to claim 11, wherein the condenser lens array is disposed closer to the illumination area than the polarization separation prism array.   The polarization separation prism array according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the polarization beam splitting prism array includes a prismatic prism composite body in which the polarization beam splitting film is formed as the polarization beam splitter, A polarized light illumination device comprising a prismatic prism-shaped composite body having a reflective film formed therein as the reflection mirror.   16. The polarization illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the polarization conversion element is formed of a phase difference plate.   The polarization illumination device according to claim 16, wherein the retardation plate is a λ / 2 retardation plate.   16. The polarization illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the polarization conversion element is formed of a twisted nematic liquid crystal.   A projection display device comprising the polarization illumination device according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and modulating and projecting a light beam from the polarization illumination device.   Modulating means comprising the polarized illumination device according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and a liquid crystal light valve that modulates polarized light contained in a light beam from the polarized illumination device to include image information. And a projection optical system for projecting and displaying the modulated light flux. In Claim 20, further comprising color light separating means for separating the light beam from the polarized illumination device into two or more light beams, and color light combining means for combining the modulated light beam after being modulated by the modulating means, A projection-type display device, wherein the combined light beam obtained by the color light combining means is projected and displayed through the projection optical system.

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