JP3558677B2

JP3558677B2 - Structure of nursery and method of growing seedlings

Info

Publication number: JP3558677B2
Application number: JP03011194A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 健佐藤; 弘知念
Original assignee: チッソ旭肥料株式会社
Priority date: 1994-02-28
Filing date: 1994-02-28
Publication date: 2004-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2019-08-25
Also published as: JPH07236352A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、床土の上に緩効性肥料と種子とを同層に播き、それを覆土処理した苗床の構造及び該苗床の構造により肥料を抱いて本圃に移植される苗を育成して全栽培期間中の施肥量及び施肥回数を少なくする苗の育成方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来より、水稲、レタス、キャベツ、果菜類等では、力強い苗を育て（健苗育成）、生育に遅速のない揃った苗を作るために、畑に直接種子を播くのではなく、床土を用意し、そこに種子を播いて苗を育てる育苗方法が行われていた。
そして、従来の肥効速度の調節がされていない速効性肥料では、肥料が苗の根部に直接触れると地上部の枯れ上がりや萎縮現象である肥焼けが生じやすいために、これらの育苗にあたり、床土に育苗期間中に消費されるだけの肥料量しか施用できなかった。そして、１回に施用可能な肥料は少量である上に、その肥効期間が短かいために施肥回数も多くなり、苗の種類等に合わせて育苗期間中に１〜３回程度の追肥を行わねばならず、施肥作業の負担が大きかった。また、育苗期間中に施される多量の灌水により肥料が流亡するために肥料の利用率（肥効率）が低かった。
【０００３】
そのために、近年では、例えば特公昭６１−５８４３９号公報に記載されているように、肥料分が少なければ根部と直接接触させても肥焼けを生じない緩効性肥料５〜７０重量部と、育苗に必要な水分を保持し、苗を支持する固体の保水材９５〜３０重量部よりなる水稲育苗培土のように、緩効性肥料を床土と混合して施用することにより、育苗期間に必要とする量の肥料のみならず、田植えから収穫までに必要とする量の全部又は大部分の肥料分を水稲育苗培土に含有させて、肥料を苗の根部に付着包含させた状態で苗と共に本田に移植し、肥料を土壌中に深く供給することにより、施肥量を大幅に減少させ、施肥回数も削減させる等、施肥作業を省力化する試みが種々なされている。
【０００４】
そして、最近では、水稲の育成方法において、緩効性肥料の中でも特にシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料を床土に混合することにより、育苗期間中の追肥を不要とするのみならず、本圃に移植する苗に前記肥料を抱かせて、その肥料をそのまま本圃における田植えから収穫までに必要とする全部または大部分の肥料として利用する技術も提案されている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、前述のように床土に緩効性肥料が混合した苗床を形成する場合には、床土として用いる培土に緩効性肥料を均一に混合するという作業が必要となり、その作業負担は大きかった。また、床土と緩効性肥料の混合割合は、作物の品種、圃場条件、苗の移植時期等により変更しなければならないが、多くの場合は、培土と肥料との混合を機械で行っており、機械の設定を前記の条件毎に設定しなおさなければならず、その作業はさらに煩雑となっていた。
【０００６】
そして、苗の苗床から本圃への移植は、例えば苗が水稲苗である場合には、田植機により行われるのが通常であるが、田植機により無造作に苗を苗床から抜き取って本田に移植すると、苗の根部に抱かれている状態の肥料の一部はその苗の移植時にこぼれてしまっていた。
また、最近のシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料を床土に混合して施用する苗の育成方法であっても、さらに肥効率を向上させ、その施肥量を削減すると共にさらに苗の生育のばらつきを減少させることが望ましい。
【０００７】
本発明は、前記諸問題を解決すべく開発されたものであり、床土の上に緩効性肥料と種子とでなる肥料・種子層を播き、それを覆土処理した肥効率に優れた苗床の構成及び該苗床の構成により苗を育成し、その移植時に前記肥料の大部分を本圃に持ち込むことにより全栽培期間中の施肥量を減少させ、施肥回数を削減して施肥作業を省力化する苗の育成方法を提供する。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のうち請求項１に係る苗床の構造は、育苗に必要な水分を保持し苗を支持する床土層と、該床土層の上層であって、化学的に溶解度を、あるいは物理的に溶出速度を抑えた緩効性肥料と種子とでなる肥料・種子層と、該肥料・種子層を覆う覆土層と、により形成され、前記緩効性肥料は前記肥料・種子層のみに存在し、前記床土層は育苗期間中に有効な肥料成分を有することを特徴とするものである。
【０００９】
ここで、化学的に溶解度を、あるいは物理的に溶出速度を抑えた緩効性肥料としては、尿素、硫酸アンモニア、硝酸アンモニア、塩化アンモニア、燐酸アンモニア、硝酸カルシウム、硝酸カリ等の窒素質肥料、燐酸アンモニア、燐酸カリ、重過燐酸石灰、過燐酸石灰、燐酸カルシウム等の燐酸質肥料、塩化カリ、硫酸カリ、硝酸カリ、燐酸カリ等のカリ質肥料等の群から選ばれた１種又は２種以上の肥料からなる粒状物を被膜で被覆し物理的に成分溶出速度が調節された被覆粒状肥料、またはこれらの混合物、あるいはイソブチルアルデヒド加工尿素肥料、アセトアルデヒド加工尿素肥料、ホルムアルデヒド加工尿素肥料、硫酸グアニル尿素、オキザミド等の緩効性合成有機肥料の粒状物からなる群より選ばれた１種又は２種以上の肥料、またはこれらを被覆した肥料、またはそれらの肥料の混合物が用いられる。
【００１０】
なお、これらの肥料に苦土や微量要素も含んでも良い。
また、床土層には、育苗に必要な水分を保持し、苗を支持することができれば、自家の天然の土壌を用いても良いが、天然の土壌に育苗期間中有効な窒素、燐酸、カリ等の肥料成分、ｐＨ調節剤、農薬等を必要に応じて適宜添加した人工培土を用いるのが望ましい。なお、苗床は屋外、屋内のいずれにおいて形成しても良いが、育苗は通常育苗箱を用いて行われており、本発明においても育苗箱内に形成するのが望ましい。
【００１１】
そして、種子としては、水稲、野菜、花等の育苗を行うあらゆる作物の種子を用いることができる。緩効性肥料と種子とは、床土層の上で同層となるならば、予め混合させたもの、先に緩効性肥料を床土層の上に施用した後に種子を播いたもの、または、先に種子を床土層の上に播いた後に緩効性肥料を施用したもののいずれでも良い。
【００１２】
なお、覆土層に用いる土壌は、予め採っておいた前記の床土層に用いる培土等を用いても良いし、異なる培土を用意しても良い。
本発明のうち請求項２に係る苗床の構造は、前記緩効性肥料として、特に、粒状肥料を被膜で被覆して物理的に溶出速度を抑えた被覆粒状肥料を利用したことを特徴とするものである。
【００１３】
ここで、被覆粒状肥料としては、前述の尿素、硫酸アンモニア、硝酸アンモニア、塩化アンモニア、燐酸アンモニア、硝酸カルシウム、硝酸カリ等の窒素質肥料、燐酸アンモニア、燐酸カリ、重過燐酸石灰、過燐酸石灰、燐酸カルシウム等の燐酸質肥料、塩化カリ、硫酸カリ、硝酸カリ、燐酸カリ等のカリ質肥料等の群から選ばれた１種又は２種以上の肥料からなる粒状物を被膜で被覆し物理的に成分溶出速度が調節された被覆粒状肥料のみならず、化学的に溶解度を小さくしたイソブチルアルデヒド加工尿素肥料、アセトアルデヒド加工尿素肥料、ホルムアルデヒド加工尿素肥料、硫酸グアニル尿素、オキザミド等の緩効性合成有機肥料の粒状物からなる群より選ばれた１種又は２種以上の肥料を被覆した肥料も用いることができる。
【００１４】
本発明のうち請求項３に係る苗床の構造は、前記被覆粒状肥料として、被覆粒状肥料の一種であり、肥料成分の初期溶出量を一定期間抑制することにより、肥料成分の累積溶出率を縦軸に表し且つ施肥後の経過日数を横軸にして表すことにより両者の関係を示すグラフがＳ字型となり、シグモイト型の溶出特性を示すようしたシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料を利用することを特徴とするものである。
【００１５】
このシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料は、尿素、硫酸アンモニア、硝酸アンモニア、塩化アンモニア、硝酸カルシウム、硝酸カリ等の窒素質肥料、燐酸アンモニア、燐酸カリ、重過燐酸石灰、過燐酸石灰、燐酸カルシウム等の燐酸質肥料、塩化カリ、硫酸カリ、硝酸カリ、燐酸カリ等のカリ質肥料等の単肥、窒素、燐酸、カリのうち２成分または３成分を含む複合肥料（化成、ＮＫ化成、燐安等）の粒状物の表面を樹脂の膜で特殊被覆加工した被覆粒状肥料である。ここで、複合肥料には苦土や微量要素を含んでいても良い。なお、本発明において利用するシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料の一例としては、２５℃の水中における３０日間の肥料成分の累積溶出率が０〜１０％を用いることができるが、望ましくは０〜５％のものが好適であり、その中でもとりわけ０〜３％のものが最適である。
【００１６】
本発明のうち請求項４に係る苗の育成方法は、前記の請求項１に係る苗床の構造を利用したものである。すなわち、本発明の苗床作製工程は、育苗に必要な水分を保持し苗を支持する床土を、育苗期間中に有効な肥料成分を含んだ状態で、育苗場所に施し、化学的に溶解度を、あるいは物理的に溶出速度を抑えた緩効性肥料と種子とを該床土の上に同層として播いて肥料・種子層を形成し、前記緩効性肥料は前記肥料・種子層のみに存在させ、該肥料・種子層を覆土処理することにより請求項１に係る苗床を作製するものである。
【００１７】
次いで、育苗工程において、前記構造の苗床中で種子を生育させることにより、種子に直接接触していた緩効性肥料と種子から生長した苗の根部とが接触し、苗床作製時に施用した全緩効性肥料をその根元に近い根部によりしっかりとからめている苗を育成する。移植工程は、このように緩効性肥料を根部の根元にしっかりとからめている状態にある苗を本圃に移植することにより、苗床作製時に施用した全緩効性肥料も苗と共に本圃に移す。そして、本圃工程において、この苗を本圃に定植させて成苗とすると共に、苗と共に本圃に移った緩効性肥料を本圃における肥料として利用することを特徴とするものである。
【００１８】
なお、本発明の緩効性肥料は、前述した化学的に溶解度を、あるいは物理的に溶出速度を抑えた全ての緩効性肥料を意味し、前記した被覆粒状肥料及びシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料も含むものである。
本発明のうち請求項５に係る苗の育成方法は、前記苗床作製工程において、前記緩効性肥料を前記床土の上に施し、その緩効性肥料の上に前記種子を播くことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成することを特徴とするものである。
【００１９】
本発明のうち請求項６に係る苗の育成方法は、前記苗床作製工程において、前記種子を前記床土の上に播き、その種子の上に前記緩効性肥料を施すことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成することを特徴とするものである。
本発明のうち請求項７に係る苗の育成方法は、前記苗床作製工程において、前記緩効性肥料と前記種子とを予め混合し、その緩効性肥料と種子とを前記床土の上に播くことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成することを特徴とするものである。
【００２０】
【作用】
本発明のうち請求項１に係る苗床の構造では、床土層の上に種子と緩効性肥料とを同層として播き、これを覆土層により覆うことにより、種子に肥料を直接接触させた状態の苗床を得ることができる。従って、苗床の作製において、床土に肥料を均一に混合するという作業は不要である。また、床土層の上に種子と緩効性肥料とを同層として播くという一連の流れ作業の中で、種子・肥料層における肥料の割合を調節することにより、作物の品種、圃場条件、苗の移植時期等に合わせて施肥量を変えることができる。さらに、この苗床により育苗を行うと、全ての苗の根部がほぼ均一に、且つ苗床の作製時に施用された全ての緩効性肥料に接するので、溶出した肥料成分と苗の根部との接触率も高まり、肥効率も高くなる。なお、肥料として緩効性のものを用いているので、根部が肥料に接触しても肥焼けを生じることはない。
【００２１】
本発明のうち請求項２に係る苗床の構造では、肥料として前記緩効性肥料のうち、特に被覆粒状肥料を施用することにより、肥料成分の溶出速度が物理的に調節された苗床となり、前記と同様の作用が生じるのみならず、予め施肥量及び施肥回数を概算することにより、必要量の施肥量及び施肥回数で育苗することができ、全栽培期間中で必要となる大部分の肥料量、場合によれば全量を過不足なく苗床の作製時に施用することもできる。
【００２２】
本発明のうち請求項３に係る苗床の構造では、前記被覆粒状肥料を、特にシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料とすることにより、前記と同様の作用がより優れた作用として生じる。
すなわち、肥料を多量施用するためには初期の溶出抑制が必須条件であるが、シグモイド型被覆粒状肥料の肥料成分の溶出パターンは前述のように初期の溶出を抑制したものである。従って、初期溶出時間の間に育苗が済めば、育苗段階の生育を乱すことなく育苗を終了することができる。例えば、２５℃の水中における３０日間の溶出率が０〜１０％であるシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料を利用する場合には、育苗期間の生育を乱さないで多量施用することができる。
【００２３】
さらに、シグモイド型被覆粒状肥料として、前記溶出率が０〜５％のもの、とりわけ０〜３％のものを用いれば、肥料成分の初期溶出量がさらに抑制されているため、あらゆる作物の品種、圃場条件、苗の移植時期等において肥焼けを生じさせることなく、苗床作製時における肥料・種子層に栽培期間中で必要となる全肥料量を包含させることができる。
【００２４】
このように、シグモイド型被覆粒状肥料を施用すれば、通常の被覆粒状肥料より、さらに多量の肥料が苗の根部と接触しても肥焼けを生じることがない。
また、被覆粒状肥料の肥料成分の溶出機構としては、被膜自体の亀裂によって内部の肥料成分が溶出するものと、拡散によって溶出するものとがあるが、このシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料は、その施用により土中の水の分子が樹脂膜を透過して膜内に入り込み、粒状肥料がその水分子により溶解されて内圧が高まり、肥料成分が土中に溶出するという拡散溶出機構により、シグモイド型の溶出特性をもたせたものである。そして、この肥料成分の溶出パターンは土壌の各種条件の中で一定の法則性を有するので、栽培下における肥料成分の供給パターンを計数化予測することができ、栽培期間中の必要施肥量を通常の被覆粒状肥料の場合より、さらに正確に算出することができる。
【００２５】
本発明のうち請求項４に係る苗の育成方法では、請求項１に係る苗床を利用して苗床作製工程を行うので、苗床作製工程における床土に緩効性肥料を混合する作業が不要である。そして、育苗期間中のみならず、本圃での育成に必要な緩効性肥料を含有した苗床となる。また、育苗工程では、緩効性肥料が根部に接触した苗を生育させることができる。そのため、前述のように溶出した肥料成分と根部との接触率が高まり、灌水等により地下水や河川へと流亡する肥料成分量は大幅に減少する。
【００２６】
さらに、緩効性肥料が直接接触している種子より生長した苗は、その根元近くの根部により緩効性肥料をしっかりとからめている。ここで、植物の根部は根元の部分で密集しており、根先に向かって粗の状態となる。従って、本発明のように根元にある密集した根部により緩効性肥料をからめている場合は、根元から根先までの根部全体に緩効性肥料をからめている場合よりも、緩効性肥料と苗とはより固く繋がっている状態となる。
【００２７】
このようにしっかりと緩効性肥料と繋がっている苗であれば、移植工程において、例えば田植機等で、無造作に本圃に移植する際にも、緩効性肥料は苗の根元近くの密集した根部にしっかりからめ取られている状態で苗と共に移植され、緩効性肥料が移植の際にこぼれ落ちることはない。従って、苗床作製工程において施用されたほぼ全量の肥料は、苗と同時に本圃に移植施用される。従って、本圃工程においては、苗床に施用された肥料の全量が利用される。また、肥料は移植された苗の株元に均一に置かれている。
【００２８】
この時、緩効性肥料が被覆粒状肥料であれば、栽培条件により、全栽培期間に必要な施肥量となる全部、あるいはほぼ全量の肥料が本圃に持ち込まれて本圃工程において利用される。
さらに、シグモイド型被覆粒状肥料とする場合には、あらゆる栽培条件において、全栽培期間に必要な施肥量となる肥料が本圃に持ち込まれて本圃工程において利用される。
【００２９】
本発明のうち請求項５に係る苗の育成方法では、緩効性肥料を床土の上に施し、その緩効性肥料の上に種子を播くことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成するので、育苗工程において、前記と同様に緩効性肥料が根部に接触した苗を生育させることができ、それに続く移植工程、本圃工程においても前記同様の作用を生じさせることができる
本発明のうち請求項６に係る苗の育成方法では、種子を床土の上に播き、その種子の上に緩効性肥料を施すことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成するので、前記同様に育苗工程において、前記と同様に緩効性肥料が根部に接触した苗を生育させることができ、以後の工程においても前記と同様の作用が生じる。
【００３０】
本発明のうち請求項７に係る苗の育成方法では、緩効性肥料と種子とを予め混合し、その緩効性肥料と種子とを床土の上に播くことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成するので、前記と同様の作用を生じる。
【００３１】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を図面に示す実施例に基づいて説明する。
まず、実施例１に係る苗床１の構造について図１を用いて説明する。
この苗床の構造は、育苗箱２の中に床土層３と、その上層の肥料・種子層４と、その肥料・種子層４を覆う覆土層５とでなる。育苗箱２は、通常用いられている縦３０ｃｍ、横６０ｃｍ、高さ３ｃｍの市販されている樹脂製のものである。床土層３及び覆土層５として用いる培土は、一箱の育苗箱２につき、窒素、燐酸及びカリをそれぞれ１ｇづつ含ませた市販培土であり、床土層３は、これを２．５〜３．５ｋｇ／箱として育苗箱２中に均一に敷いたものである。
【００３２】
なお、市販の培土ではなく自家の土壌を用いる場合には、土壌をｐＨ調節剤によりｐＨ４．５〜５．５程度に調節し、さらに市販されている土壌殺菌剤（例えばタチガレエース粉剤等）を混合したものに、苗床の基肥として市販されている化成肥料を混合しても良いのは勿論である。
肥料・種子層４は、種子４ａとして水稲（品種「あきたこまち」）の種籾でなり、肥料４ｂとして市販のシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料である被覆尿素（商品名ＬＰコートＳ１００号、販売チッソ旭肥料株式会社）でなる。このＬＰコートＳ１００号は、粒状尿素の表面を樹脂により特殊被覆加工したものであり、図２に示すように、肥料成分の累積溶出率を縦軸に、施用後の経過日数を横軸に示すグラフにおいてＳ字型となる溶出特性を示す。なお、図２における溶出カーブは一例であり、溶出カーブは温度、水分等により変化するものである。また、ＬＰコートＳ１００号の窒素成分の累積溶出率は、２５℃の水中で３０日間経過させた時に、３．０％以下であり、その保証成分は窒素成分４０％である。
【００３３】
そして、肥料・種子層４は、種子４ａを催芽籾１２０ｇ／箱として前記床土層３上に均一に播いた後に、肥料４ｂを５００ｇ／箱（窒素成分２００ｇ／箱）として均一に施して同層として形成したものである。覆土層５は、この肥料・種子層４の上を前記培土で軽く覆土処理したものである。なお、種籾を播くときには、通常、種籾は乾燥状態で保存されているので、これを水で膨潤させて催芽籾として播く。
【００３４】
本実施例では、かかる構造の苗床１を作成するにあたり、育苗箱２に床土層３の培土を敷き、これに灌水を施し、さらに必要に応じて農薬等の薬液を与えてから、種子４ａと肥料４とを同層に処理して、覆土処理する。
前記構造の苗床１により、以下のように苗の育成を行った。
まず、育苗工程においては、前記苗床１を通常のハウス内に入れて、無加温で３５日間育成する。ここで、本実施例では、育苗期間中の追肥は一切行わない。そして、種子４ａを苗６として生長させる。なお、育苗開始時の苗床１を３０℃で２日間程度加温して芽出し処理を施し、それ以後、通常のハウス内に入れて、無加温で育苗を行っても良いのは勿論である。
【００３５】
次に、本田１０ａあたり苗床１を３０箱として、前記苗６を田植機を用いて移植する。この時、全ての肥料４ｂが本田に持ち込まれたとすると、本田での施肥量（窒素）は６ｋｇ／１０ａとなる。なお、本実施例に用いるＬＰコートＳ１００号は、燐酸、カリを含有しないものであるが、本実施例を施行する本田はこれらを比較的多く含んでおり、特に燐酸、カリを施肥する作業は行わない。
【００３６】
そして、通常行われているように、本田に前記苗６を定植させて成苗とする。但し、本実施例の場合は、移植の際に肥料４ｂが本田に持ち込まれているので、本田での基肥及び追肥は施す必要はない。
このようにして得られた水稲を収穫して栽培を終える。
次に、予め簡単なミキサーで培土とＬＰコートＳ１００号とを均一になるように混ぜておくことにより、苗床１の構造を、図３に示すように、床土層３を肥料４ｂが混合したものとし、その上に種子４ａを播き、さらにそれを覆土層５で覆う構造として、それ以外は前記実施例１と同様にして苗６を育成し、本田で成苗として、水稲の収穫をして、比較例１とした。
【００３７】
前記実施例１とこの比較例１とを比較すると、まず、実施例１における生長した苗６は、図４に示すように、根元近くの根部６ａにより施用された肥料４ｂをしっかり包み込むようにして、からめている。それに対して、比較例１における生長した苗１は、図５に示すように、根元から根先までの根部６ａ全体により施用された肥料４ｂをからめている。そして、実施例１の苗６の移植時における肥料４ｂの持ち込み量は、２０．６±３．６（粒数／株）であり、比較例１の移植時における苗１の肥料４ｂの持ち込み量は、１３．９±３．４（粒数／株）であった。
【００３８】
これらの結果より、肥料４ｂと種子４ａとを同層として播く実施例１は、肥料４ｂを床土層３に混合させる比較例１に比べて、生長した苗６の根部が肥料４ｂをしっかりからめているため、苗６の本田移植時における肥料４ｂの持ち込み量が多くなることがわかる。
また、表１に実施例１と比較例１との苗質を表すデータを示す。
【００３９】
【表１】

【００４０】
表１によれば、実施例１と比較例１との苗質は同程度であることがわかる。なお、表１により示される各数値は、従来の速効性肥料を用いた苗の育成方法による苗の数値と同程度である。
次に、表２に実施例１と比較例１との水稲の収量及び収量構成要素を表すデータを示す。
【００４１】
【表２】

【００４２】
表２によれば、実施例１と比較例１とでは、水稲の収量が同程度であり、また収量構成要素も同程度であることがわかる。なお、表２により示される各数値は、従来の速効性肥料を用いた苗の育成方法による苗の数値と同程度である。
このように、実施例１では、肥料４ｂと種子４ａとを同層として播いて苗床１を作製することにより、肥料４ｂを床土層３に混合させる作業が不要となり、また、本田移植時の苗６に苗床１に施用した肥料４ｂをより多く持ち込ませることができ、本田での肥料の利用率を高めることができた。
【００４３】
そして、比較例１と同様に、育苗期間、本田での栽培期間を通じて追肥を施す必要がなく、また、全栽培期間を通じて肥料による肥焼け等の濃度障害や生育不良等を生じることもなかった。そして、苗床での追肥、本田での基肥及び追肥を必要とする従来の速効性肥料を用いた苗の育成方法による苗と同等の苗質を有する苗を得ることができ、また、収量性も同程度の水稲を得ることができた。
【００４４】
次に、実施例１の苗床１を作製するにあたり、図６に示すように、床土層３の上に肥料４ｂを施用し、次いで種子４ａをその上に播くことにより、肥料・種子層４を形成した苗床１を作製し、それ以外は実施例１と同様に苗を生長させて、実施例２とした。また、図７に示すように、予め種子４ａと肥料４ｂとを混合したものを床土層３の上に播くことにより、肥料・種子層４を形成した苗床１を作製し、それ以外は実施例１と同様に苗を生長させて、実施例３とした。
【００４５】
これらの生長した苗１を観察したところ、いずれも前記実施例１と同様に、根元近くの根部６ａにより施用された肥料４ｂをしっかり包み込むようにして、からめていた。
これらの結果より、肥料・種子層４を形成するにあたり、種子４ａを播いた後に肥料４ｂを施用しても、肥料４ｂを施用した後に種子４ａを播いても、また、種子４ａと肥料４ｂとを混合したものを播いても、種子４ａと肥料４ｂとを同層として処理する限り、いずれにおいても同様の作用が生じ、また同様の効果を得ることができることがわかった。
【００４６】
そして、前記実施例１と栽培場所と時期とを変え、また、種子４ａとなる種籾の品種を「ひとめぼれ」、一箱当たりの播種量を催芽籾として１４０ｇ、育苗期間を３０日、本田１０ａあたり移植する苗床１を２５箱とし、それ以外は実施例１と同様の方法により水稲を育成して実施例４とした。
また、肥料４ｂを市販されている他のシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料である窒素・カリ肥料（商品名ＮＫ−Ｓ１００号、販売チッソ旭肥料株式会社、保証成分は窒素成分２０％、カリ成分２０％、２５℃の水中における３０日間の累積肥料成分溶出率は３．２％）とし、施肥量を育苗箱１箱あたり１０００ｇ（窒素成分２００ｇ／１箱）として、それ以外は実施例４と同一の条件で水稲を育成して実施例５とした。
【００４７】
なお、実施例４の場合は、本田における肥料成分量は窒素成分５ｋｇ／１０ａとなり、実施例５の場合は、窒素成分５ｋｇ／１０ａ、カリ成分５ｋｇ／１０ａとなる。
さらに、従来の速効性肥料（窒素成分５％、燐酸成分８％、カリ成分５％）を３０ｇ／箱として床土層３に混合し、育苗開始の約１５日後頃に苗の葉の枚数が１．５葉程度となった時、また育苗開始の約２５日後頃に苗の葉の枚数が２．５葉程度となった時に、それぞれ、窒素成分として一箱あたり１．０ｇの硫安を水に溶かして液肥状とし、苗の上部より散布して３０日間の育苗期間中に２回追肥を行い、さらに本田の基肥として、市販されている被覆窒素肥料（商品名ＬＰコート４０号、販売チッソ旭肥料株式会社、保証成分は窒素成分４０％）入りの複合肥料（窒素成分１２％、燐酸成分１６％、カリ成分１４％）を５０ｋｇ／１０ａ、つまり窒素成分として６ｋｇ／１０ａを施用し、さらにＬＰコート４０号を５ｋｇ／１０ａ、つまり窒素成分として２ｋｇ／１０ａを追肥し、それ以外は実施例４と同一の条件で水稲を育成して比較例２とした。
【００４８】
なお、この比較例２は、通常行われている水稲の育成方法の一例であり、比較例２の本田における合計の肥料成分量は窒素成分８ｋｇ／１０ａである。
表３に、実施例４と実施例５と比較例２との水稲の収量調査成績を示す。
【００４９】
【表３】

【００５０】
表３によれば、実施例４、実施例５及び比較例２は、いずれも同程度の収量成績を示していることがわかる。
これらの結果により、シグモイド型被覆粒状肥料の種類によらず、種子４ａと肥料４ｂとを同層として床土層３の上に播くことにより、床土層３に肥料４ｂを混合させるという作業を不要とし、さらに、その育苗期間、本田での栽培期間を通じて苗床作製時以外の施肥を不要とし、また、総施肥量を削減しても、苗床での追肥、本田での基肥及び追肥を必要とする通常行われている水稲の育成方法による苗と同等の収量成績を有する苗を得ることができることがわかる。
【００５１】
また、実施例１と実施例４とを比較すると、シグモイド型被覆粒状肥料を種子４ａと同層として播くことによる効果は、その栽培場所が異なることにより栽培環境が変わっても、その影響を受けないことがわかる。
次に、肥料４ｂとしてＬＰコートＳ１００号を用いた前記実施例４と栽培場所と時期とを変え、また、種子４ａとなる種籾の品種を「はえぬき」、一箱当たりの播種量を催芽籾として１８０ｇ、施肥量を７５０ｇ／箱（窒素成分３００ｇ／箱、本田の窒素成分７．５ｋｇ／１０ａ）、育苗期間を２５日、本田１０ａあたり移植する苗床１を２５箱とし、それ以外は実施例４と同様の方法により水稲を育成して実施例６とした。
【００５２】
また、肥料４ｂとしてＮＫ−Ｓ１００号を用い、施肥量を１５００ｇ／箱（窒素成分３００ｇ／箱、カリ成分３００ｇ／箱、本田の窒素成分７．５ｋｇ／１０ａ、カリ成分７．５ｋｇ／１０ａ）とし、それ以外は実施例６と同一の条件で水稲を育成して実施例７とした。
さらに、通常用いられている化成肥料（窒素成分１０％、燐酸成分１０％、カリ成分１０％）を２０ｇ／箱として床土層３に混合し（各成分２．０ｇ／箱）、窒素成分として一箱あたり１．０ｇの尿素を水に溶かして液肥状とし、苗の上部より散布して２５日間の育苗期間中に１回追肥を行い、さらに本田の基肥として、市販の化成肥料（窒素成分１２％、燐酸成分１８％、カリ成分１４％）を５０ｋｇ／１０ａ、つまり窒素成分として６ｋｇ／１０ａを施用し、さらに化成肥料（窒素成分１６％、カリ成分１６％）を１回あたり１５．６ｋｇ／１０ａ、つまり窒素成分として２．５ｋｇ／１０ａを２回追肥し、それ以外は実施例６と同一の条件で水稲を育成して比較例３とした。
【００５３】
なお、比較例３も通常行われている水稲の育成方法の一例であり、比較例３の本田における合計の肥料成分量は窒素成分１１ｋｇ／１０ａである。
表４に実施例６、実施例７及び比較例３の育苗開始２５日後の稚苗の生育状態を表すデータを示す。
【００５４】
【表４】

【００５５】
表４によれば、実施例６及び実施例７の稚苗は、いずれも比較例３の稚苗と同程度、またはそれ以上の苗の形と質とであることがわかる。
次に、表５に実施例６、実施例７及び比較例３の稚苗が本田に移植された後の生育状態を表すデータを示す。
【００５６】
【表５】

【００５７】
表５によれば、実施例６及び実施例７は、いずれも比較例３と同日に出穂し、その収量成績も同程度、またはそれ以上であることがわかる。なお、本田移植後の生育状態を見ると、実施例６及び実施例７では、肥料の溶出特性が反映されているのがわかる。
以上の結果は、シグモイド型被覆粒状肥料の種類によらず、種子４ａと肥料４ｂとを同層として床土層３の上に播くことにより、床土層３に肥料４ｂを混合させるという作業を不要とし、さらに、その育苗期間における追肥を不要とし、稚苗の段階で通常行われている水稲の育成方法による苗と比較しても、同程度ないしはそれ以上の形と質とを備えた苗を得ることができることを示している。また、本田での生育状態においても、本田での基肥、及び追肥を不要とし、その総施肥量を削減しても、通常行われている水稲の育成方法による場合と同程度またはそれ以上の生育状態であることを示している。
【００５８】
なお、本発明は、前記の実施例にとらわれることなく、種々の態様で実施することができるのは勿論である。
また、前記実施例では、いずれの場合も育苗期間中の追肥、本田での基肥及び追肥を行わなかったが、本発明は、育苗期間中の追肥、本田での基肥及び追肥を禁じるものではなく栽培する環境等に合わせて、適宜追肥等を行って良いのは勿論である。
【００５９】
【発明の効果】
本発明のうち請求項１に係る苗床の構造によれば、床土層の上に種子と緩効性肥料とを同層として播き、これに覆土処理することにより、肥料と種子とを接触させた状態の苗床の構成としたので、培土と肥料とを均一に混和させる作業を不要として、苗床作成作業を省力化することができる。そして、苗床の作製時に、作物の品種、圃場条件、苗の移植時期等に合わせて施肥量を変えることも容易となる。また、肥料が根に接触する苗を生育させることができ、溶出した肥料成分と苗の根との接触率を高めることにより、灌水等により肥料の流亡を減少させて環境への負荷量を低減することができる。
【００６０】
本発明のうち請求項２に係る苗床の構造によれば、前記緩効性肥料を被覆粒状肥料とする構成としたことにより、前記と同様の効果を得ることができたのみならず、肥料成分の溶出速度が物理的に調節されているので、苗床の作製時に全栽培期間中に必要とする大部分の肥料量、場合によれば全量を過不足なく施用することが可能となり、肥料の無駄を防止することができる。また、緩効性肥料として被覆粒状肥料を利用したので、苗床の作製時に施肥量を多くすることが可能となり、全栽培期間中の全部、あるいは大部分の施肥量を含有する苗床と形成することもでき、育苗期間のみならず、本圃における栽培期間における施肥回数を削減して、さらに施用作業の省力化を図ることが可能となる。
【００６１】
本発明のうち請求項３に係る苗床の構造によれば、前記被覆粒状肥料をシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料とする構成としたことにより、前記と同様の効果を得ることができるのみならず、さらに、栽培下における肥料成分の供給パターンを計数化予測して、全栽培期間中の施肥量として必要且つ十分な肥料量を肥料・種子層に含有させて施用し、肥料の無駄を防止することにより、施肥量を減少することができる。また、あらゆる作物の品種、圃場条件、苗の移植時期等において肥焼けを生じさせることなく、苗床作製時に肥料・種子層を作製するのみで、以後の施肥作業を不要とすることができ、さらに施用作業の省力化を図ることができるようになる。
【００６２】
本発明のうち請求項４に係る苗の育成方法によれば、請求項１に係る苗床を利用して苗床作製工程から本圃工程という全栽培工程を行う構成としたので、苗床に施用する肥料のみならず、本圃で施用するの肥料も含有した苗床の構造を作製し、苗の根に接触する肥料の量精度を向上させて、苗間の生育のばらつきを減少させ、全栽培期間の施肥量を削減して環境への負荷量を低減するのみならず、苗の移植時にほぼ全量の肥料を苗が根部の根元付近にしっかりからめて本圃に持ち込み、これを本圃において施用することにより、本圃においても株元に均一に施肥することができ、生育の均一性や収穫の安定性を図ることができる。また、本圃工程において苗床に施用された肥料の全量を利用することができるので、本圃での施肥労力を省力化することができ、肥料代も軽減される。
【００６３】
ここで、緩効性肥料を被覆粒状肥料とすれば、栽培条件により、本圃での施肥をほとんど不要とすることができる。
さらに、前記肥料をシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料とすれば、あらゆる栽培条件において、本圃での施肥を不要とすることができる。
本発明のうち請求項５に係る苗の育成方法によれば、緩効性肥料を床土の上に施し、その緩効性肥料の上に種子を播くことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成する構成としたので、全工程において前記と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【００６４】
本発明のうち請求項６に係る苗の育成方法では、種子を床土の上に播き、その種子の上に緩効性肥料を施すことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成する構成としたので、全工程において前記と同様の効果を得ることができる。
本発明のうち請求項７に係る苗の育成方法によれば、緩効性肥料と種子とを予め混合し、その緩効性肥料と種子とを床土の上に播くことにより、肥料・種子層を同層に形成する構成としたので、全工程において前記と同様の効果を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施例１における苗床の構造を示す説明図である。
【図２】同実施例に用いるシグモイド型被覆粒状肥料の肥料成分の溶出特性を示すグラフである。
【図３】本発明の比較例１における苗床の構造を示す説明図である。
【図４】実施例１における苗の根部と肥料との関係を説明する苗の概略図である。
【図５】比較例１における苗の根部と肥料との関係を説明する苗の概略図である。
【図６】本発明の実施例２における苗床の構造を示す説明図である。
【図７】本発明の実施例３における苗床の構造を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１苗床
３床土層
４肥料・種子層
４ａ種子
４ｂ肥料
５覆土層
６苗
６ａ根部[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention sown a slow-release fertilizer and seeds on the same layer on a bed soil, and cultivated seedlings to be transplanted to the main field by holding the fertilizer with the structure of a nursery bed covered with soil and the structure of the nursery bed. The present invention relates to a method for raising seedlings that reduces the amount of fertilization and the number of times of fertilization during the entire cultivation period.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For paddy rice, lettuce, cabbage, fruits and vegetables, etc., in order to grow strong seedlings (healthy seedlings) and to produce uniform seedlings without slow growth, instead of sowing seeds directly in the fields, A method of raising seedlings, preparing seeds and sowing seeds there, has been carried out.
And, in conventional fast-acting fertilizers that do not control the rate of fertilizer, if the fertilizer directly touches the roots of the seedlings, it tends to wither and wilt, which is a phenomenon of atrophy, on the aerial part. Only enough fertilizer to be consumed during the nursery period could be applied to the bed soil. The amount of fertilizer that can be applied at one time is small, and the fertilization period is short, so the frequency of fertilization increases. Depending on the type of seedlings, additional fertilization is required about 1 to 3 times during the seedling raising period. It had to be done and the burden of fertilization work was heavy. In addition, the fertilizer flowed off due to the large amount of irrigation applied during the seedling raising period, and the utilization rate of fertilizer (fertilizer efficiency) was low.
[0003]
Therefore, in recent years, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-58439, for example, 5-70 parts by weight of a slow-release fertilizer that does not cause fertilization even if it is brought into direct contact with the root if the fertilizer content is small, By holding the water necessary for raising seedlings and mixing and applying slow-release fertilizer to the bed soil as in the case of paddy rice raising seedling cultivation consisting of 95 to 30 parts by weight of a solid water retention material supporting the seedlings, during the raising period Not only the required amount of fertilizer, but also all or most of the required amount of fertilizer from rice planting to harvest is included in the paddy rice seedling cultivation soil, and the fertilizer is attached to and included in the root of the seedling together with the seedling. Various attempts have been made to reduce the amount of fertilization work by transplanting to Honda and supplying fertilizer deeply into the soil, thereby greatly reducing the amount of fertilization and reducing the number of times of fertilization.
[0004]
Recently, in the method of growing rice, the addition of sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizers, especially slow-release fertilizers, to the floor soil not only eliminates the need for topdressing during the seedling raising period, but also reduces the seedlings to be transplanted to this field. A technique has also been proposed in which the above fertilizer is embraced, and the fertilizer is used as it is as all or most of the fertilizer required from rice planting to harvest in the main field.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as described above, when forming a nursery bed in which slow-release fertilizer is mixed with the floor soil, it is necessary to uniformly mix the slow-release fertilizer into the cultivation soil used as the floor soil, and the work load is large. Was. In addition, the mixing ratio of floor soil and slow-release fertilizer must be changed depending on the variety of crops, field conditions, seedling transplantation time, etc. Therefore, the setting of the machine has to be reset for each of the above conditions, and the operation has been further complicated.
[0006]
Then, transplantation of seedlings from the nursery to the main field, for example, when the seedlings are paddy rice seedlings, it is usually performed by a rice transplanter.However, when the seedlings are randomly extracted from the nursery by the rice transplanter and transplanted to the Honda. Some of the fertilizer held in the roots of the seedlings had spilled when the seedlings were transplanted.
In addition, even with the method of growing seedlings in which a recent sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer is mixed with floor soil and applied, the fertilizer efficiency is further improved, the fertilization amount is reduced, and the variation in seedling growth is further reduced. It is desirable.
[0007]
The present invention has been developed to solve the above-described problems, and a fertilizer / seed layer composed of a slow-release fertilizer and seeds is sown on a bed soil, and the seedbed is covered with a soil and has excellent fertilization efficiency. The seedlings are grown by the structure of the seedling bed and the structure of the nursery, and at the time of transplanting, most of the fertilizer is brought into the main field, thereby reducing the amount of fertilization during the entire cultivation period, reducing the number of times of fertilization, and saving labor for fertilization. Provide a method of growing seedlings.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The structure of the nursery according to claim 1 of the present invention retains water necessary for raising seedlings. Seedling Support Floor Soil layer and the upper layer of the floor soil layer And Chemically soluble, or a fertilizer / seed layer consisting of a slow-release fertilizer and seed with a physically suppressed elution rate, and a soil covering layer covering the fertilizer / seed layer, formed by The slow-release fertilizer is present only in the fertilizer / seed layer, and the bed soil layer has an effective fertilizer component during the seedling raising period. It is characterized by that.
[0009]
Here, as a slow-release fertilizer chemically dissolved, or physically controlled the dissolution rate, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonia chloride, ammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, nitrogenous fertilizers such as potassium nitrate, One or two selected from the group consisting of phosphate fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, heavy superphosphate lime, superphosphate lime, calcium phosphate, and the like, and potassium fertilizers such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and potassium phosphate. A coated granular fertilizer in which a granular material composed of more than one kind of fertilizer is coated with a film and the component elution rate is physically controlled, or a mixture thereof, or urea fertilizer treated with isobutyraldehyde, urea fertilized with acetaldehyde, urea fertilized with formaldehyde, sulfuric acid One or more fertilizers selected from the group consisting of granules of slow-release synthetic organic fertilizers such as guanylurea and oxamide; Fertilizers coated with these or mixtures thereof fertilizer, is used.
[0010]
In addition, these fertilizers may also contain forma and trace elements.
In addition, if the soil required for raising seedlings can be held in the floor soil layer and the seedlings can be supported, the natural soil of the home may be used.However, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, It is desirable to use artificial soil to which fertilizer components such as potash, pH regulators, pesticides and the like are added as needed. The nursery bed may be formed either outdoors or indoors. However, seedlings are usually grown in a nursery box, and it is desirable that the seedlings be formed in the nursery box also in the present invention.
[0011]
As seeds, seeds of any crops for raising seedlings such as paddy rice, vegetables, flowers and the like can be used. If the slow-release fertilizer and seeds are in the same layer on the floor soil layer, those that have been mixed beforehand, those that have been seeded after applying the slow-release fertilizer on the floor soil layer first, Alternatively, any of those in which seeds are first sown on a bed soil layer and then applied with a slow-release fertilizer may be used.
[0012]
In addition, as the soil used for the covering soil layer, a previously cultivated soil used for the floor soil layer or the like may be used, or a different cultivated soil may be prepared.
The structure of the nursery according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that, as the slow-release fertilizer, in particular, a coated granular fertilizer in which a granular fertilizer is coated with a coating to physically suppress the dissolution rate is used. Things.
[0013]
Here, examples of the coated granular fertilizer include the above-mentioned urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonia chloride, ammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, nitrogenous fertilizers such as calcium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, lime heavy superphosphate, and lime superphosphate. A granular material comprising one or more fertilizers selected from the group consisting of phosphate fertilizers such as calcium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, etc. Not only coated granular fertilizers with controlled component dissolution rate, but also slow-acting synthesis of chemically reduced isobutyraldehyde-modified urea fertilizer, acetaldehyde-modified urea fertilizer, formaldehyde-modified urea fertilizer, guanylurea sulfate, oxamide, etc. Fertilizers coated with one or more fertilizers selected from the group consisting of organic fertilizer granules can also be used.
[0014]
The structure of the nursery according to claim 3 of the present invention is a kind of the coated granular fertilizer as the coated granular fertilizer, and suppresses the initial elution amount of the fertilizer component for a certain period, thereby increasing the cumulative elution rate of the fertilizer component. A graph showing the relationship between the two by expressing on the axis and the elapsed days after fertilization on the abscissa becomes S-shaped, characterized by using a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer so as to show sigmoid-type elution characteristics Is what you do.
[0015]
This sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, and potassium nitrate, and ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, heavy superphosphate, lime superphosphate, calcium phosphate, and the like. Fertilizers, single fertilizers such as potash fertilizers such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and potassium phosphate; and compound fertilizers containing two or three of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium (chemical, NK, and phosphorus) Is a coated granular fertilizer in which the surface of the granular material is specially coated with a resin film. Here, the complex fertilizer may contain formic or trace elements. In addition, as an example of the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer used in the present invention, the cumulative elution rate of the fertilizer component in water at 25 ° C. for 30 days can be 0 to 10%, and preferably 0 to 5%. Are preferred, and among them, those having 0 to 3% are most preferable.
[0016]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for growing a seedling utilizes the structure of the nursery according to the first aspect. That is, the nursery bed preparation step of the present invention retains the water necessary for raising seedlings. Seedling To support the floor soil , In a state that contains effective fertilizer components during the nursery period, In nursery place Alms And a slow-release fertilizer chemically or physically controlled at a low dissolution rate and seeds are seeded on the bed soil in the same layer. Forming a fertilizer seed layer, the slow-release fertilizer is present only in the fertilizer seed layer, The fertilizer / seed layer is covered with soil to produce the nursery according to claim 1.
[0017]
Next, in the seedling raising step, by growing the seeds in the seedbed having the above structure, the slow-release fertilizer that has been in direct contact with the seeds and the roots of the seedlings grown from the seeds come into contact with each other, and Grow seedlings that have more effective fertilizer entangled in the roots near their roots. The transplantation process thus releases the slow-release fertilizer Root of By transplanting the seedlings that are tightly entrapped in this field into the main field, all slow-release fertilizers applied during the preparation of the nursery are also transferred to the main field together with the seedlings. In the main field process, the seedlings are settled in the main field to form adult seedlings, and the slow-release fertilizer transferred to the main field together with the seedlings is used as a fertilizer in the main field.
[0018]
Incidentally, the slow-release fertilizer of the present invention refers to all the slow-release fertilizers having the above-mentioned chemical solubility or physically suppressing the dissolution rate, and the coated granular fertilizer and the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer described above. Including.
In the method for growing a seedling according to claim 5 of the present invention, in the nursery preparation step, the slow-release fertilizer is applied on the floor soil, and the seed is sown on the slow-release fertilizer, The fertilizer / seed layer is formed in the same layer.
[0019]
The method for growing seedlings according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the nursery making step, the seeds are sown on the bed soil, and the slow-release fertilizer is applied on the seeds. It is characterized in that the layers are formed in the same layer.
In the method for growing a seedling according to claim 7 of the present invention, in the nursery preparation step, the slow-release fertilizer and the seed are mixed in advance, and the slow-release fertilizer and the seed are placed on the floor soil. By sowing, a fertilizer / seed layer is formed on the same layer.
[0020]
[Action]
In the structure of the nursery according to claim 1 of the present invention, the seed and the slow-release fertilizer are sown as the same layer on the bed soil layer, and the fertilizer is brought into direct contact with the seed by covering the seed with the cover soil layer. A nursery bed in a good condition can be obtained. Therefore, in the preparation of the nursery, the operation of uniformly mixing the fertilizer with the bed soil is unnecessary. Also, in a series of flow work of sowing seeds and slow-release fertilizer on the same layer of the bed soil layer, by adjusting the ratio of fertilizer in the seed and fertilizer layer, the variety of crops, field conditions, The amount of fertilizer can be changed according to the time of transplanting the seedlings. Furthermore, when the seedlings are raised in this nursery, the roots of all the seedlings are almost uniform and come into contact with all the slow-release fertilizers applied during the preparation of the nursery, so that the contact rate between the eluted fertilizer components and the roots of the seedlings And fertilizer efficiency is also increased. Since a slow-acting fertilizer is used, even if the root contacts the fertilizer, burning does not occur.
[0021]
In the structure of the nursery according to claim 2 of the present invention, among the slow-release fertilizers as fertilizers, in particular, by applying a coated granular fertilizer, the elution rate of the fertilizer component is physically controlled to provide a nursery, In addition to producing the same effect as above, by estimating the amount of fertilization and the number of times of fertilization in advance, it is possible to raise seedlings with the required amount of fertilization and the number of times of fertilization. In some cases, the entire amount can be applied at the time of preparing the nursery bed, without excess or deficiency.
[0022]
In the structure of the nursery according to claim 3 of the present invention, by using the coated granular fertilizer as a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer, the same effect as described above is produced as a more excellent effect.
That is, in order to apply a large amount of fertilizer, the initial elution suppression is an essential condition, but the elution pattern of the fertilizer component of the sigmoid type coated granular fertilizer is such that the initial elution is suppressed as described above. Therefore, if the seedlings are raised during the initial elution time, the seedlings can be terminated without disturbing the growth at the seedling raising stage. For example, when a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer having an elution rate of 0 to 10% in water at 25 ° C for 30 days is used, a large amount can be applied without disturbing the growth during the seedling raising period.
[0023]
Further, when the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer has a dissolution rate of 0 to 5%, particularly 0 to 3%, the initial dissolution amount of the fertilizer component is further suppressed. The fertilizer / seed layer at the time of the nursery bed can contain the total amount of fertilizer required during the cultivation period without causing burning in the field conditions, the transplanting time of the seedlings, and the like.
[0024]
Thus, when the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer is applied, even if a larger amount of fertilizer comes in contact with the root of the seedling than the normal coated granular fertilizer, burning does not occur.
The mechanism of elution of the fertilizer component of the coated granular fertilizer includes those in which the fertilizer component inside is eluted by cracks in the coating itself and those which are eluted by diffusion, and this sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer depends on its application. Water molecules in the soil penetrate the resin membrane and enter the membrane, and the granular fertilizer is dissolved by the water molecules to increase the internal pressure, and the fertilizer component is eluted into the soil, resulting in a sigmoid-type elution. It has characteristics. And since the elution pattern of this fertilizer component has a certain rule among various soil conditions, the supply pattern of the fertilizer component under cultivation can be counted and predicted, and the required amount of fertilization during the cultivation period is usually determined. Can be calculated more accurately than in the case of the coated granular fertilizer.
[0025]
In the method for growing seedlings according to claim 4 of the present invention, since the nursery making step is performed using the nursery according to claim 1, there is no need to mix slow-release fertilizer into the bed soil in the nursery making step. is there. And it becomes a nursery bed containing a slow-release fertilizer necessary not only during the nursery period but also in the main field. In the seedling raising step, seedlings in which the slow-release fertilizer contacts the root can be grown. Therefore, the contact ratio between the eluted fertilizer component and the root increases as described above, and the amount of the fertilizer component that flows to groundwater or a river due to irrigation or the like is significantly reduced.
[0026]
In addition, seedlings that grow from seeds that are in direct contact with the slow-release fertilizer are tightly entangled with the slow-release fertilizer at the root near its root. Here, the roots of the plants are densely packed at the roots, and become rough toward the roots. Therefore, when the slow-release fertilizer is entangled by the dense roots at the root as in the present invention, the slow-release fertilizer is more than when the slow-release fertilizer is entangled in the entire root from the root to the tip. And the seedling are more firmly connected.
[0027]
If the seedlings are firmly connected to the slow-release fertilizer in this way, in the transplanting process, for example, with a rice transplanter or the like, even when transplanted to this field in a random manner, the slow-release fertilizer is concentrated near the root of the seedling. It is transplanted with the seedlings firmly attached to the root, and the slow-release fertilizer does not spill during transplantation. Therefore, almost the entire amount of fertilizer applied in the nursery bed preparation step is transplanted and applied to this field simultaneously with the seedlings. Therefore, in this field process, the entire amount of fertilizer applied to the nursery is utilized. Also, the fertilizer is placed evenly at the root of the transplanted seedlings.
[0028]
At this time, if the slow-release fertilizer is a coated granular fertilizer, depending on the cultivation conditions, all or almost the entire amount of fertilizer required for the entire cultivation period is brought into the main field and used in the main field process.
Furthermore, in the case of a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer, a fertilizer having a fertilization amount necessary for the entire cultivation period is brought into the main field and used in the main field process under all cultivation conditions.
[0029]
In the method for growing a seedling according to claim 5 of the present invention, a fertilizer / seed layer is formed in the same layer by applying a slow-release fertilizer on floor soil and sowing seeds on the slow-release fertilizer. Therefore, in the seedling raising step, the slow-release fertilizer can grow the seedling in contact with the root in the same manner as described above, and in the subsequent transplanting step and this field step, the same action can be produced.
In the method for growing seedlings according to claim 6 of the present invention, the seeds are sown on the bed soil and the fertilizer / seed layer is formed in the same layer by applying a slow-release fertilizer on the seeds. In the seedling raising step, the slow-release fertilizer can grow the seedling in contact with the root in the same manner as described above, and the same action occurs in the subsequent steps.
[0030]
In the method for growing a seedling according to claim 7 of the present invention, the slow-release fertilizer and the seed are mixed in advance, and the slow-release fertilizer and the seed are sown on the floor soil to form a fertilizer / seed layer. Since it is formed in the same layer, the same operation as described above is produced.
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
First, the structure of the nursery 1 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The structure of the nursery is composed of a floor soil layer 3 in a nursery box 2, a fertilizer / seed layer 4 thereon, and a covering soil layer 5 covering the fertilizer / seed layer 4. The nursery box 2 is a commonly used commercially available resin having a length of 30 cm, a width of 60 cm, and a height of 3 cm. The soil to be used as the floor soil layer 3 and the cover soil layer 5 is a commercially available soil in which each seedling box 2 contains 1 g of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash each. The seedlings were laid uniformly in the nursery box 2 at 3.5 kg / box.
[0032]
In the case where the soil used is not a commercially available soil but a private soil, the soil is adjusted to a pH of about 4.5 to 5.5 with a pH adjuster, and then a commercially available soil disinfectant (for example, Tachigareace powder) is mixed. Of course, a chemical fertilizer which is commercially available as a base fertilizer for a nursery may be mixed with the fertilizer.
The fertilizer / seed layer 4 is composed of seed rice of rice (variety "Akitakomachi") as seed 4a, and coated urea (trade name LP Coat S100, sold by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), which is a commercially available sigmoid type coated granular fertilizer as fertilizer 4b. ). This LP coat S100 is obtained by specially coating the surface of granular urea with a resin. As shown in FIG. 2, the cumulative elution rate of the fertilizer component is shown on the vertical axis, and the elapsed days after application is shown on the horizontal axis. The graph shows the elution characteristics of an S-shape. Note that the elution curve in FIG. 2 is an example, and the elution curve changes with temperature, moisture, and the like. The cumulative elution rate of the nitrogen component of LP Coat S100 is 3.0% or less when 30 days have passed in water at 25 ° C., and the guaranteed component is a nitrogen component of 40%.
[0033]
Then, the fertilizer / seed layer 4 is uniformly sown on the floor soil layer 3 with the seeds 4a as the germinating rice seeds at 120 g / box and then uniformly applied with the fertilizer 4b at 500 g / box (nitrogen component 200 g / box). It was formed as a layer. The soil covering layer 5 is obtained by lightly covering the fertilizer / seed layer 4 with the soil. When the seed rice is sown, the seed rice is usually stored in a dry state, so that it is swollen with water and sown as germinated rice.
[0034]
In the present embodiment, in order to prepare the seedbed 1 having such a structure, the seedlings 4a are laid on the seedling raising box 2, irrigated with water, and given a chemical such as a pesticide if necessary. And fertilizer 4 are treated in the same layer, and the soil is covered.
Seedlings 1 having the above structure were used to grow seedlings as follows.
First, in the seedling raising step, the seedbed 1 is placed in a normal house and grown for 35 days without heating. Here, in this embodiment, no additional fertilization is performed during the seedling raising period. Then, the seeds 4a are grown as seedlings 6. The seedbed 1 at the start of raising seedlings may be heated at 30 ° C. for about 2 days to perform sprouting treatment, and thereafter, may be placed in a normal house and raised without heating. .
[0035]
Next, the seedlings 6 are transplanted using a rice transplanter, with 30 nursery beds 1 per Honda 10a. At this time, assuming that all the fertilizers 4b have been brought into Honda, the fertilizer application amount (nitrogen) in Honda is 6 kg / 10a. The LP coat S100 used in this example does not contain phosphoric acid and potassium, but Honda implementing this example contains a relatively large amount of these. Not performed.
[0036]
Then, as usual, the seedlings 6 are planted in the Honda to form adult seedlings. However, in the case of the present embodiment, since the fertilizer 4b is brought into Honda at the time of transplantation, it is not necessary to apply base fertilizer and topdressing in Honda.
The rice thus obtained is harvested and cultivation is completed.
Next, the structure of the nursery 1 was mixed with the fertilizer 4b in the bed soil layer 3 as shown in FIG. 3 by previously mixing the cultivation soil and the LP coat S100 uniformly with a simple mixer. The seeds 4a are sown on the seedlings 4a, and the seedlings 4a are further covered with a soil covering layer 5. Otherwise, the seedlings 6 are grown in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Thus, Comparative Example 1 was obtained.
[0037]
Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, first, as shown in FIG. 4, the grown seedlings 6 in Example 1 firmly wrap the fertilizer 4b applied by the root 6a near the root. , Entangled. On the other hand, the grown seedling 1 in Comparative Example 1 is entangled with the fertilizer 4b applied by the entire root 6a from the root to the tip, as shown in FIG. The amount of fertilizer 4b brought in at the time of transplanting of seedling 6 of Example 1 was 20.6 ± 3.6 (number of grains / strain), and the amount of fertilizer 4b of seedling 1 at the time of transplanting of Comparative Example 1. Was 13.9 ± 3.4 (particles / strain).
[0038]
From these results, in Example 1 in which the fertilizer 4b and the seed 4a are sown in the same layer, the root of the grown seedling 6 firmly entangles the fertilizer 4b as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which the fertilizer 4b is mixed with the floor soil layer 3. Therefore, it can be seen that the amount of the fertilizer 4b brought in at the time of transplanting the seedlings 6 to Honda increases.
Table 1 shows data indicating the seedling quality of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
[0039]
[Table 1]

[0040]
According to Table 1, the seedling quality of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is comparable. In addition, each numerical value shown by Table 1 is about the same as the numerical value of the seedling by the growing method of the seedling using the conventional fast-acting fertilizer.
Next, Table 2 shows data representing the yield of rice and the components of the yield in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
[0041]
[Table 2]

[0042]
According to Table 2, it can be seen that the yield of paddy rice is about the same between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and that the yield components are also about the same. In addition, each numerical value shown by Table 2 is about the same as the numerical value of the seedling by the growing method of the seedling using the conventional fast-acting fertilizer.
As described above, in Example 1, the fertilizer 4b and the seed 4a are sown in the same layer to produce the nursery bed 1, so that the operation of mixing the fertilizer 4b with the bed soil layer 3 becomes unnecessary, and also, when the Honda is transplanted. The fertilizer 4b applied to the nursery 1 could be brought into the seedlings 6 in a larger amount, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer in Honda could be increased.
[0043]
As in Comparative Example 1, there was no need to apply fertilizer throughout the seedling raising period and the cultivation period in Honda, and there was no concentration disorder such as burning of fertilizer or poor growth during the entire cultivation period. Then, it is possible to obtain a seedling having the same seedling quality as the seedling by the conventional method of growing seedlings using a fast-acting fertilizer that requires additional fertilization in the nursery, base fertilizer and additional fertilizer in Honda, and also has a high yield. The same level of rice was obtained.
[0044]
Next, in producing the nursery bed 1 of Example 1, as shown in FIG. 6, a fertilizer 4b is applied on the bed soil layer 3, and then the seeds 4a are sown thereon, whereby the fertilizer / seed layer 4 is sown. A seedbed 1 was formed, and the seedlings were grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above. As shown in FIG. 7, a seedbed 1 in which a fertilizer / seed layer 4 is formed is prepared by sowing a mixture of a seed 4a and a fertilizer 4b in advance on a bed soil layer 3, and the other steps are carried out. Seedlings were grown in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Example 3.
[0045]
When these grown seedlings 1 were observed, they were all wrapped in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the fertilizer 4b applied by the root 6a near the root was firmly wrapped.
From these results, in forming the fertilizer / seed layer 4, the seed 4a was applied after the seed 4a was sown, or the seed 4a was sown after the fertilizer 4b was applied. It has been found that the same effect is produced and the same effect can be obtained in any case as long as the seed 4a and the fertilizer 4b are treated as the same layer even when a mixture of the above is sown.
[0046]
Then, the cultivation place and time were changed from those in Example 1, and the variety of the seed rice to be the seed 4a was "Hitomebore", the seeding amount per box was 140 g as the germinating rice seed, the seedling raising period was 30 days, and the Honda 10a Paddy rice was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nursery 1 to be transplanted was 25 boxes, and Example 4 was obtained.
The fertilizer 4b is another commercially available sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer, nitrogen / potassium fertilizer (trade name: NK-S100, sold by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd .; guaranteed components are 20% nitrogen component, 20% potassium component, 25% The cumulative fertilizer component dissolution rate in water at 30 ° C. for 30 days was 3.2%), and the amount of fertilizer applied was 1,000 g (200 g of nitrogen component / 1 box) per box for raising seedlings, except for the same conditions as in Example 4. Example 5 was prepared by growing rice.
[0047]
In the case of Example 4, the amount of the fertilizer component in Honda is 5 kg / 10a of nitrogen component, and in the case of Example 5, it is 5 kg / 10a of nitrogen component and 5 kg / 10a of potassium component.
Furthermore, 30 g / box of a conventional fast-acting fertilizer (5% of nitrogen component, 8% of phosphoric acid component, 5% of potassium component) was mixed with the floor soil layer 3 to reduce the number of leaves of the seedlings about 15 days after the start of the seedling raising. When the number of leaves of the seedlings becomes about 2.5 when about 1.5 leaves or about 25 days after the start of raising seedlings, 1.0 g of ammonium sulfate per box was added as a nitrogen component to water. In a liquid fertilizer, sprayed from the top of the seedlings, and topped up twice during the 30-day seedling raising period. Further, as a base fertilizer for Honda, a commercially available coated nitrogen fertilizer (LP Coat No. 40, trade name: Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd., applying 50 kg / 10a of compound fertilizer (nitrogen component 12%, phosphoric acid component 16%, potash component 14%) containing assurance component 40% nitrogen component, that is, 6kg / 10a as nitrogen component, 5kg / 10a, LP coat No.40 The 2 kg / 10a and additional fertilization as nitrogen component, otherwise a sample of Comparative Example 2 by cultivating rice under the same conditions as in Example 4.
[0048]
Note that Comparative Example 2 is an example of a commonly practiced method of growing rice, and the total amount of fertilizer components in the Honda of Comparative Example 2 is 8 kg / 10a of nitrogen component.
Table 3 shows the results of the survey on the yield of paddy rice in Example 4, Example 5, and Comparative Example 2.
[0049]
[Table 3]

[0050]
According to Table 3, it can be seen that Example 4, Example 5, and Comparative Example 2 all show comparable yield results.
According to these results, regardless of the type of the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer, the seed 4a and the fertilizer 4b are sowed on the floor soil layer 3 as the same layer to mix the fertilizer 4b with the floor soil layer 3. It is unnecessary, and furthermore, fertilization other than the time of nursery production is not required throughout the nursery period and the cultivation period in Honda.Also, even if the total fertilization amount is reduced, additional fertilization in the nursery, base fertilizer and additional fertilization in Honda are required. It can be seen that seedlings having the same yields as those of the seedlings produced by the commonly used method of growing rice can be obtained.
[0051]
Further, comparing Example 1 and Example 4, the effect of sowing the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer as the same layer as the seed 4a is affected even if the cultivation environment changes due to the different cultivation place. I understand that there is no.
Next, the cultivation place and the time were changed from those in Example 4 using LP coat S100 as the fertilizer 4b, and the variety of the seed paddy to be the seed 4a was “Haneuki”, and the seeding amount per box was the germinating paddy. Example 4 180 g, fertilization rate 750 g / box (nitrogen component 300 g / box, Honda nitrogen component 7.5 kg / 10 a), seedling raising period 25 days, nursery bed 1 to be transplanted per Honda 10 a 25 boxes, other than that A paddy rice was grown in the same manner as in Example 6 to obtain Example 6.
[0052]
In addition, NK-S100 was used as the fertilizer 4b, and the fertilization rate was 1500 g / box (nitrogen component 300 g / box, potash component 300 g / box, Honda nitrogen component 7.5 kg / 10 a, potash component 7.5 kg / 10 a). Other than that, a paddy rice was grown under the same conditions as in Example 6 to obtain Example 7.
Further, a commonly used chemical fertilizer (nitrogen component 10%, phosphoric acid component 10%, potash component 10%) is mixed with the floor soil layer 3 at a rate of 20 g / box (each component 2.0 g / box). 1.0 g of urea per box is dissolved in water to form a liquid fertilizer, sprayed from the top of the seedlings, top-fertilized once during the 25-day seedling raising period, and used as a base fertilizer for Honda. (12%, phosphoric acid component 18%, potash component 14%) is applied at 50 kg / 10a, that is, 6 kg / 10a as a nitrogen component, and 15.6 kg of chemical fertilizer (nitrogen component 16%, potash component 16%) is used each time. / 10a, that is, 2.5 kg / 10a as a nitrogen component was topped twice, and paddy rice was grown under the same conditions as in Example 6 except for the above, to obtain Comparative Example 3.
[0053]
Comparative Example 3 is also an example of a commonly practiced method of growing rice, and the total amount of fertilizer components in the Honda of Comparative Example 3 is 11 kg / 10a of nitrogen component.
Table 4 shows data showing the growth state of the seedlings of Example 6, Example 7 and Comparative Example 3 25 days after the start of raising seedlings.
[0054]
[Table 4]

[0055]
According to Table 4, it can be seen that the seedlings of Example 6 and Example 7 have the same shape and quality as the seedlings of Comparative Example 3 or more.
Next, Table 5 shows data showing the growth state after the seedlings of Example 6, Example 7, and Comparative Example 3 were transplanted to Honda.
[0056]
[Table 5]

[0057]
According to Table 5, it can be seen that Example 6 and Example 7 both head out on the same day as Comparative Example 3 and have the same or higher yield results. In addition, looking at the growth state after the transplantation of Honda, it can be seen that the elution characteristics of the fertilizer are reflected in Examples 6 and 7.
The above results show that the seed 4a and the fertilizer 4b are laid in the same layer on the floor soil layer 3 regardless of the type of the sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer, thereby mixing the fertilizer 4b with the floor soil layer 3. Seedlings that have the same or better shape and quality compared to the seedlings that are normally used in the seedling stage by raising rice paddy It is shown that can be obtained. In addition, even when growing in Honda, the base fertilizer and top fertilizer are not required in Honda, and even if the total fertilization amount is reduced, the growth is about the same as or higher than that of the usual method of growing rice. It is in the state.
[0058]
It is needless to say that the present invention can be implemented in various modes without being limited to the above-described embodiments.
Further, in the above examples, in each case, the topdressing during the seedling raising period, the base fertilizer and topdressing in Honda were not performed, but the present invention does not prohibit the topdressing during the seedling raising period, the base fertilizer and topdressing in Honda. Needless to say, topdressing and the like may be appropriately performed according to the cultivation environment and the like.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
According to the structure of the nursery according to claim 1 of the present invention, the seed and the slow-release fertilizer are sown in the same layer on the bed soil layer, and the fertilizer and the seed are brought into contact by covering with soil. Since the nursery is configured in a state where the seedlings are placed, the operation of uniformly mixing the cultivation soil and the fertilizer is unnecessary, and labor for creating the nursery can be saved. Then, it is easy to change the amount of fertilizer in accordance with the variety of the crop, the field conditions, the transplanting time of the seedlings, and the like when the nursery is prepared. In addition, the fertilizer can grow seedlings that come into contact with the roots, and by increasing the contact rate between the eluted fertilizer components and the roots of the seedlings, the runoff of fertilizers is reduced by irrigation, etc., and the load on the environment is reduced. can do.
[0060]
According to the structure of the nursery according to claim 2 of the present invention, not only the same effect as above can be obtained but also the fertilizer component by using the slow-release fertilizer as a coated granular fertilizer. Since the elution rate of the fertilizer is physically controlled, most of the fertilizer required during the entire cultivation period when the nursery is prepared, and in some cases, the entire amount can be applied without excess or shortage, and waste of the fertilizer can be achieved. Can be prevented. In addition, since the coated granular fertilizer is used as a slow-release fertilizer, it is possible to increase the amount of fertilizer during the preparation of the nursery, and to form a nursery containing all or most of the fertilizer during the entire cultivation period. It is also possible to reduce the number of fertilizations not only during the seedling raising period but also during the cultivation period in the main field, and it is possible to further save labor in the application work.
[0061]
According to the structure of the nursery according to claim 3 of the present invention, not only the same effect as described above can be obtained by configuring the coated granular fertilizer as a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer, but also, By counting and predicting the supply pattern of the fertilizer component under cultivation, by applying the necessary and sufficient amount of fertilizer to the fertilizer / seed layer as the amount of fertilizer during the entire cultivation period, and preventing waste of the fertilizer, Fertilizer application can be reduced. In addition, the variety of all crops, field conditions, without causing burning at the time of transplanting the seedlings, etc., only by creating a fertilizer / seed layer at the time of the nursery bed, the subsequent fertilization work can be made unnecessary, Labor saving in application work can be achieved.
[0062]
According to the method of growing a seedling according to claim 4 of the present invention, since the entire cultivation step from the nursery preparation step to the main field step is performed using the nursery according to claim 1, only the fertilizer applied to the nursery is used. Instead, the structure of the nursery containing fertilizers applied in this field was prepared, the accuracy of the amount of fertilizer in contact with the roots of the seedlings was improved, the variation in the growth between seedlings was reduced, and the fertilization amount during the entire cultivation period In addition to reducing the burden on the environment by reducing the amount of fertilizer, almost all the fertilizer is firmly wrapped around the root of the root at the time of transplanting the seedlings, brought into this field, and applied to this field, this is applied in this field, Can also be fertilized uniformly to the root of the plant, thereby achieving uniform growth and stable harvest. In addition, since the entire amount of fertilizer applied to the nursery in the main field process can be used, the labor required for fertilization in the main field can be reduced, and the fertilizer cost can be reduced.
[0063]
Here, if the slow-release fertilizer is a coated granular fertilizer, fertilization in this field can be made almost unnecessary depending on cultivation conditions.
Furthermore, if the fertilizer is a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer, fertilization in this field can be made unnecessary under all cultivation conditions.
According to the method for growing seedlings according to claim 5 of the present invention, a slow-release fertilizer is applied on floor soil, and seeds are sown on the slow-release fertilizer, thereby forming the same layer of the fertilizer / seed layer. The same effect as described above can be obtained in all the steps.
[0064]
In the method for growing a seedling according to claim 6 of the present invention, the seed is sown on a bed soil, and a slow-release fertilizer is applied on the seed to form a fertilizer / seed layer in the same layer. Therefore, the same effect as described above can be obtained in all the steps.
According to the method for growing seedlings according to claim 7 of the present invention, the fertilizer / seed is mixed by previously mixing the slow-release fertilizer and the seed and sowing the slow-release fertilizer and the seed on the floor soil. Since the layers are formed in the same layer, the same effects as described above can be obtained in all the steps.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a structure of a nursery according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing elution characteristics of fertilizer components of a sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer used in the example.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a nursery in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a seedling illustrating a relationship between a root portion of the seedling and a fertilizer in Example 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a seedling illustrating a relationship between a root portion of a seedling and a fertilizer in Comparative Example 1.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a structure of a nursery according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a structure of a nursery according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 nursery
3 floor soil layer
4 Fertilizer / seed layer
4a Seeds
4b Fertilizer
5 Covering layer
6 seedlings
6a root

Claims

A bed soil layer that holds the water required for raising seedlings and supports the seedlings, and a slow-release fertilizer and seeds that are the upper layer of the bed soil layer and that have a chemical solubility or a physically reduced elution rate. A fertilizer / seed layer, and a soil covering layer covering the fertilizer / seed layer , wherein the slow-release fertilizer is present only in the fertilizer / seed layer, and the floor soil layer is a fertilizer effective during the seedling raising period. structure nurseries, characterized in Rukoto to have a component.

The structure of a nursery according to claim 1, wherein the slow-release fertilizer is a coated granular fertilizer in which a granular fertilizer is coated with a film to physically suppress a dissolution rate.

The coated granular fertilizer suppresses the initial elution amount of the fertilizer component for a certain period of time, and the graph showing the cumulative elution rate of the fertilizer component on the vertical axis and the number of days elapsed after fertilization on the horizontal axis becomes an S-shaped fertilizer component. The sigmoid-type coated granular fertilizer having elution characteristics, the structure of the nursery according to claim 2,

The bed soil that holds the water necessary for raising seedlings and supports the seedlings was applied to the seedling raising place while containing effective fertilizer components during the seedling raising period , and the solubility was chemically reduced or the dissolution rate was physically suppressed. Slow-release fertilizer and seeds are sown in the same layer on the floor soil to form a fertilizer / seed layer, and the slow-release fertilizer is present only in the fertilizer / seed layer, and covers the fertilizer / seed layer. A nursery making step of creating a nursery by treating, growing seeds in the nursery, contacting the roots with the slow-release fertilizer by growth, and rooting the roots with the slow-release fertilizer to produce seedlings. A seedling raising step for growing, a transplanting step of transplanting the seedlings together with the fertilizer in a state where the slow-release fertilizer is entangled in the root, and transplanting the seedlings in the main field to form adult seedlings, A main field process using a fertilizer as a fertilizer in the main field. Method for growing seedlings and wherein the door.

In the nursery making step, the slow-release fertilizer is applied on the floor soil, and the seed is sown on the slow-release fertilizer, thereby forming a fertilizer / seed layer in the same layer. A method for growing a seedling according to claim 4.

The said seedbed making process WHEREIN: The said fertilizer and a seed layer are formed in the same layer by sowing the said seed on the said bed soil, and applying the said slow-release fertilizer on the seed. The method for growing seedlings according to the above.

In the nursery making step, the slow-release fertilizer and the seed are mixed in advance, and the slow-release fertilizer and the seed are sown on the floor soil to form a fertilizer / seed layer in the same layer. The method for growing seedlings according to claim 4, characterized in that: