JP3458131B2 - Blasting material - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a new filling material for blasting, and more particularly, to the effective utilization of crushed sludge and crushed stone sludge of Masa, which is industrial waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A blasting filler plays a very important role in blasting. That is, in order to increase the blasting efficiency,
After loading (charging) explosives into the blast hole, it is necessary to seal the blast hole with a plug (fill) without any gaps. Therefore, when inserting the filler, it is necessary to push the filler having a diameter slightly smaller than that of the blasting hole into the blasting hole one by one and stick it with the insertion rod to bring it into close contact with the entire hole. For this reason, the plugging material must be highly flexible, soft and tacky, and easy to fill.

Moreover, since this plugging material is consumed in a considerably large amount, it is necessary to mass-produce it in a long term. Therefore, the soft and unaltered condition for a long time (4-5 months or more)
It is necessary to maintain stability. In addition, a large amount of consumption (on average in a rocky tunnel, one with a length of 10 cm is 1
Since 70 to 80,000 pieces are required per 00M), it is necessary to be inexpensive.

[0004]

From this point of view, clay such as chlorite has been conventionally used as the material for the blasting filler. Clay such as chlorite is kneaded by adding water and extruded to an appropriate size, which is used in tunnel construction and the like throughout the country. However, it is unclear whether the clay production area is limited or for other reasons, but only two companies currently produce this blasting plugging material. Therefore, there has been a problem that the transportation takes a lot of time and money.

On the other hand, for use as an aggregate for ready-mixed concrete,
Granite, especially masa weathered from coarse-grained old granite (Masago: Some include gravel with a diameter of 1-2 m)
It is widely practiced to crush and sort water gutters. However, the sludge discharged at this time contains a large amount of fine particle minerals (clay component). This sludge is press-dewatered and discarded, but it is discharged in a large amount as much as 5 to 20% of the whole mass and has no use. There is no other way but to dispose of it in landfills or in the mountains. . Moreover, because of its viscosity and poor water permeability, landfills are difficult to use and cause pollution of rivers and the sea, which is a major social problem. In addition to sludge, some dust is scattered and accumulated around the crusher, but this treatment is also extremely difficult.

In addition to masa, various hard rocks (basalt,
Igneous rocks such as andesite, and sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and slate with high hardness that have been thermally metamorphosed) are similarly crushed and crushed for roads, asphalt aggregates, and aggregates for ready-mixed concrete (similar to masa are water gutters). It is being used as a construction material such as those derived from Masa because of the large loss). In this case, the amount of dust generated is about 2% of the total amount, which is smaller than that of Masa, but the amount of crushed stone generated nationwide is enormous because the amount of processing is extremely large. This crushed stone powder has no use as in the case of Masa and is currently backfilled at the crushed stone site. In addition, each company suffers from the sludge (crushed stone sludge) treatment that occurs when the equipment is washed with water or the crushed product is drained.

[0007]

In view of the above, the inventors of the present invention have focused their attention on the development of blasting plugs as a part of the effective use of crushed powder and crushed powder of masa or these sludges, and proceeded with research. As a result, the present invention has been completed.

It can be said that the dehydration product of Masa's water gutter sludge (masa sludge) is a kind of clay, but the component particle size is larger than that of normal clay (because it contains a large amount of silt (fine sand) and fine sand). Or, because it contains a large amount of quartz and feldspar components, it feels somewhat dull and the adhesiveness is poor. Also, it tends to be dried to form fine powder. The crushed stone powder has many finer particles than the masa sludge, and although the composition minerals are different, it shows the same properties.

Therefore, when bentonite (powder) is added to these sludges (dehydrated products) and the water content is appropriately adjusted and kneaded,
Softness, plasticity, and tackiness, which were the same as those of conventional chlorite clay, were obtained. This is because bentonite is a good clay, and it has excellent viscosity and water retention. However, bentonite alone is not suitable as a blasting filler because it is too tacky and too soft.

The masa sludge as referred to in the present invention means, as described above, masa (granite, in particular, coarse-grained aged granite weathered) is crushed with a crusher, a road mill, etc. The remaining sludge obtained by classifying aggregates with a water gutter, which is used after press dehydration. This sludge is stored in the pit after the water gutter, and the pit sand (0.3-0.074mm
Diameter) is separated. Therefore, clay (particle size 0.00
2 mm or less) and silt (particle size 0.02 to 0.002 mm)
It also contains minute and fine sand (particle size 0.2 to 0.02). Also,
The constituent minerals of granite are quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase and mica. Since the inner plagioclase is most susceptible to weathering, the masa sludge contains the most plagioclase components, but also contains a large amount of hard quartz and mica. The sludge after dehydration is usually 20 to 25 depending on the capacity of the press machine and the like.
Contains about% water. On the other hand, crushed dust and crushed stone powder of masa is not a water gutter, so it is a mixture of various particle sizes of 0.3 mm or less. Further, crushed stone sludge is sludge generated by washing away crushed stone powder generated in the crushing process by washing the device or water gutter, and is used by press dehydration. The water content of the dehydrated crushed stone sludge will be about the same if the performance of the press is the same. However, it is different from the point that it is difficult to dehydrate, probably because it is hard to aggregate.

On the other hand, the bentonite powder has a water content of 7
It is about 20%. Therefore, when dehydrated sludge and bentonite are mixed and kneaded at a ratio of about 3: 1, the water content becomes 20%.
Approximately 24%, it is possible to have something as soft as an earlobe. Moreover, its plasticity and tackiness are perfect. That is,
The most suitable material for the blasting filler is obtained. still,
The blasting filler has a water content of about 20 to 25%, but if the water content of the mixture is lower than this, water may be added, and if the water content of the mixture is higher, dehydrated sludge or bentonite may be dried to some extent and then kneaded. In addition, the absolute dry weight ratio of both is the same as in the above case, when about 2.7 of dehydrated sludge is mixed with 1 of bentonite powder.
However, this value is about 2 to 4 to 1, more preferably
If it is about 2.5 to 3 to 1, the purpose is achieved.

On the other hand, in the case of crushed powder of Masa and crushed stone powder, its water content is about 2 to 7%. Therefore, it is mixed with bentonite powder, water is added so that the water content is about 20 to 25%, and the mixture is kneaded.

The kneaded product is extruded from the extruder with a size somewhat smaller than the blast hole, for example, a diameter of about 30 to 50 mm, and cut into a length of about 10 to 30 cm to obtain a blasting filler. Before extruding, it is advisable to deflate the air with a kneading machine. Further, in order to prevent drying and improve sliding in the blast hole, it is preferable to store (seal) in a thin film bag made of polyethylene or the like. The size of the bag should be slightly larger (5 to 10 mm) in consideration of the expansion of the blasting filler in the blasting hole.

As described above, the main materials of the blasting filler of the present invention are masa sludge and crushed stone sludge (including powdery one) and bentonite.
Add a sizing agent such as MC or Poval, or as a water retention agent,
You may add polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerin, and triethylene glycol. The addition ratio of the polyhydric alcohol is about 0 to 0.2 by weight with respect to the above mixing ratio (3 to 1), and is usually 0.
It is sufficient to use about 05 to 0.1 (about 1 to 2.5% by weight ratio to the whole). However, since polyhydric alcohol is more expensive than other materials, a small amount may be sprayed onto the surface of the molded product without kneading. On the other hand, if too much paste is added, elasticity will be too high. For example, in the case of Funori, the Funori liquid prepared by dissolving 1 to several tens of g in 1 liter of water is 0 by weight with respect to the above mixing ratio (3 to 1). ~ 0.2,
Usually about 0.05 to 0.1 (1 to 2.
Use about 5%). The same applies to other pastes.

[0015]

【Example】

(Embodiment 1) Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. First, press-dehydrated masa sludge (water content 22.5%) 30 kg
To this, 10 kg of powdered bentonite (water content 14.5%) is added, and the mixture is kneaded while defoaming with a small clay kneader. Then, it was extruded from the extruder to a thickness of 2.5 cm and cut into a length of 20 cm. The water content of the obtained blasting plug was 20.5%. When this blasting plug was left as it was in the room, it became hard in about a week and became difficult to deform.

The blasting plug obtained above was applied to a thickness of 8 μm.
When stored in a polyethylene film bag and sealed, the original softness was maintained even after May.

Example 2 1.6 kg of water was added to the same proportion of masa sludge and bentonite as in Example 1 to obtain a blasting plug (water content 24.5%) in the same manner. This blasting filler remained soft for 1 week or longer, became hard in about 2 weeks, and became difficult to deform. This blasting filler was stored in a polyethylene film bag and sealed,
Even after the lapse of May, the original softness was maintained.

(Example 3) 400% of Funori liquid (concentration 0.3%) was added to the same proportion of masa sludge and bentonite as in Example 1.
g, and kneading and extruding in the same manner to produce a blasting filler (water content 2
1.5%) was obtained. This blasting filler had less dry feeling than that of Example 1, but when left in the room as it was, it similarly hardened in about one week. On the other hand, the product containing the film bag kept soft even after the lapse of May.

(Example 4) 400 g of diethylene glycol was added to the same proportions of masa clay and bentonite as in Example 1 and kneaded and extruded in the same manner to obtain a blasting plug. When this blast filler (water content 20.5%) was left in the room as it was, it remained soft even after 2 weeks or more. Furthermore, when it was stored in a plastic bag, it remained soft even after the lapse of July.

Example 5 On the surface of the blasting plug obtained in Example 1, about 1-fold diluted diethylene glycol was added.
g was sprayed. When this blasting plug was left in the room as it was, it remained soft even after one week or more. Furthermore, when it was stored in a plastic bag, it remained soft even after the lapse of 6 months.

(Example 6) Dust of masa (water content 3%) 2
To 6 kg, 10 kg of powdered bentonite (water content 14.5%) and 7.6 kg of water are added and kneaded while defoaming with a small clay kneader.
Then, extrude from the extruder to a diameter of 2.5 cm, 20 cm
Cut to length. The moisture content of the obtained blasting plug was 2
It was 2.5%. When this blasting plug was left in the room as it was, it became hard in about one week and became difficult to deform. Furthermore, when this was stored in a plastic bag, it remained soft even after May.

(Example 7) 27 kg of crushed stone powder (water content 4)
In addition, powder bentonite (water content 14.5%) 10kg and water 7.
Add 5 kg and knead while defoaming with a small clay mixer. Then, it was extruded from the extruder to a thickness of 2.5 cm and cut into a length of 20 cm. Moisture content of the obtained blasting plug was 22.5.
%Met. When this blasting plug was left as it was in the room, it became hard in about a week and became difficult to deform. Furthermore, when this was stored in a plastic bag, it remained soft even after May.

Example 8 34 kg of powdered bentonite (water content 1
(4.5%) and 10 kg of water and 0.5 kg of water are added, and the mixture is kneaded with a small clay kneader while defoaming. Then, it was extruded from the extruder to a thickness of 2.5 cm and cut into a length of 20 cm. The water content of the obtained blasting plug was 22.5%. If this blasting plug was left in the room as it was, it became hard and was not easily deformed in about one week. Furthermore, when this was stored in a plastic bag, it remained soft even after May.

[0024]

As described above, the blasting filler of the present invention is formed by crushing masa powder or crushed stone powder, or by adding bentonite to these sludges, appropriately kneading the mixture, and molding. Therefore, industrial waste such as crushed stone powder and masa sludge can be effectively used. Furthermore, crushed stone powder and masa sludge are easily discharged because they are discharged all over the country, and bentonite, which is another seed raw material, is also available at low cost, so there is no shortage of raw materials available, and the cost is extremely low. Will be things.
Moreover, the quality is the same as the conventional one, and because the manufacturing is simply kneading and extruding, special equipment is not required as long as there is equipment, mass production near the consumption area is possible, and the total cost is conventional. It is extremely excellent in that it is significantly reduced compared to that of the above.

Further, the blasting plug of the present invention can be left as it is for use immediately after its production, because the blasting plugging material of the present invention retains its softness for about a week or so if the water content is increased to some extent. However, from the viewpoint of long-term storage, it is advisable to add a water retention agent or store it in a plastic bag (sealed). In particular, when they are stored in a bag, they do not stick to each other, they can be inserted into the blast holes smoothly, and they do not become hard for more than half a year and their storage performance is significantly improved.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-50-148513 (JP, A) JP-A-5-52500 (JP, A) Actual development Sho-53-64175 (JP, U) JP-B 47- 6237 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F42D 1/00

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] was dehydrated crushed sludge and crushed stone sludge of masa de
Bentonite powder in water sludge (water content 20 to 25%)
(Water content of about 7 to 20%) to 20 to 25%
To be added at a ratio of 2 to 4 to 1 by absolute dry weight ratio
The kneaded, then press the extruder with a diameter of 25~50mm
Blasting for Hama塞物characterized by being and out molding was cut to a length of 10 to 30 cm. 2. Crushed powder of Masa and crushed stone powder (water content 2-7%)
Degree) with bentonite powder (water content of about 7 to 20%)
Add to the total dry weight ratio of 2 to 4: 1
Add water and knead so that the water content is 20-25% ,
Then extruded from the extruder with a diameter of 25 to 50 mm
A blasting plug which is cut into a length of 10 to 30 cm . 3. The blasting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein dewatered sludge and bentonite powder or a mixture of crushed powder of Masa and crushed stone powder and bentonite powder and water are kneaded while defoaming. Blockage. 4. A binder solution such as Funori, CMC, Poval or the like is used as a binder in a weight ratio of 1 to 2.5.
% , The blasting plug according to claim 1 or 2. As wherein water retention agent, a polyhydric alcohol throughout
The blasting plugging material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which is added by 1 to 2.5% in weight ratio with respect to the above or sprayed on the surface of the molded product. 6. The molded product has a diameter of 5 to 10 mm.
The blasting filler according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 or claim 4, which is enclosed and sealed in a large thin plastic bag.