JP3222045B2 - Discharge / drop type electrostatic sorter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drop-type electrostatic sorting apparatus for crushing municipal trash, oversized trash, and the like, and then sorting plastic or combustible materials from the crushed trash.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The structure of a conventional drop-type electrostatic sorting device will be described with reference to FIG. A plurality of types of selected particles 1 are mixed with an auxiliary agent such as a special surfactant in order to improve the charging property in the pre-process. The pipes are rubbed by being transferred, and are charged according to the charging train.

[0003] The charged particles 1 are freely dropped into a separation electric field formed between an anode 2 to which a high voltage is applied and a cathode 3 opposed to the anode 2 and grounded. Separation containers 4, 5, according to the difference in charge amount
6.

For example, if the particle 1 is charged with a positive charge, an electric field acts on this positive charge, and the particle is repelled from the anode 2 and drawn to the cathode 3 side, and the first under the cathode 3
It falls into the separation container 4 and is collected.

As described above, a plurality of types of particles 1 are separated while falling between the electrodes 2 and 3 and collected in the separation containers 4, 5 and 6.

[0006]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional drop-type electrostatic sorting apparatus, an auxiliary agent for improving the charging property is required in order to charge the particles to be sorted 1 in advance.
In addition, there is a problem that a voltage value applied to the electrodes 2 and 3 for separation by an electric field becomes large. The electrodes 2,
When the particles 1 to be sorted adhere to the sample 3, the electric field strength between the electrodes may fluctuate, and the particles 1 having different purities may be separated in the same separation container. Therefore, not only is the apparatus itself very expensive, but also the amount of processing is small. In addition, it is difficult to use the above-mentioned conventional drop-type electrostatic sorter because the diameter of crushed municipal garbage or oversized garbage must be large. Are not used.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a discharge / fall type electrostatic sorting apparatus which can cope with municipal garbage, improve recovery rate and purity, and is inexpensive and has improved processing capacity. is there.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, there is provided a discharge / fall type electrostatic sorting apparatus, comprising: a hopper for supplying sorted crushed dust; and the hopper. An ion wind generator that blows ion wind against the sorted crushed dust falling from the hopper and charges the sorted crushed dust, and a metal belt that is grounded and moves from above to below, and falls from the hopper. A conveyor device arranged such that the metal belt faces the side of the falling path of the sorted crushed dust to be separated; a brush for scraping off the sorted crushed dust adsorbed to the belt of the conveyor device; and the falling path. And a second collecting means disposed below the conveyor device.

Here, as the first collecting means and the second collecting means, a separation container having an open upper part, a trolley on which such a container is mounted, or a belt conveyor device is used. With the above configuration, the sorted crushed trash that has fallen from the hopper and has entered the ion wind blowing out of the ion wind generator,
At the same time as being charged by the ions, it is blown toward the belt of the conveyor device by the force of the wind.

At this time, if the selected crushed dust is conductive crushed dust (conductor) such as metal, the charge obtained by charging is immediately discharged to the belt, so that it falls without adsorbing on the belt, and falls. 1 Collected in the collection means. Conversely, when the selected crushed dust is insulating crushed dust (insulator) such as plastic, the electric charge obtained by charging cannot be released immediately, so it is adsorbed on the belt and scraped off with a brush. Collected in the collection means. When the selected crushed dust is semiconductive crushed dust (semiconductor), it is adsorbed on the belt for a short time, and during this time, falls off the belt to discharge electric charges, and the same first collection means as the conductive crushed dust (conductor). Collected inside.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a discharge / fall type electrostatic sorting apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the first recovery means includes a belt provided with the falling path. A separator is provided for separating a fall path close to the belt and a fall path far from the belt .

In the case where the selected crushed dust is semiconductive crushed dust (semiconductor), the semiconductive crushed dust adheres to the belt for a short time and drops off the belt. by providing a close dropping path along the belt, the semiconductive grinding dust is separated and collected and the conductive grinding garbage near fall path along the belt.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a discharge / drop type electrostatic sorting apparatus, comprising: a hopper for supplying sorted crushed dust; and an ion wind blowing against the sorted crushed dust falling from the hopper to sort. It has an ion wind generator for charging crushed dust, and a metal belt that is grounded and moves from above to below, and the metal belt is located on the side of the falling path of the sorted crushed dust that falls from the hopper. A conveyor device arranged so as to face the surface, a brush for scraping off the selected crushed trash adsorbed on the belt of the conveyor device, a first collecting means arranged downstream of the falling path, and a lower portion of the conveyor device. units consisting of arranged second collection means
Are placed upstream and downstream, and the first unit in the upstream unit
The crushed garbage sorted in the collecting means and the second collecting means is removed.
Each of them is guided to a downstream unit for sorting.

[0014] According to the above configuration, the crushed trash sorted in the upstream unit is further sorted in the downstream unit. Therefore, the purity of the separated and collected crushed dust is improved.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a discharge / fall type electrostatic sorting apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.

A hopper 12 into which the sorted refuse 11 is charged is provided, and the crushed refuse 11 is freely dropped from an outlet at a lower end. On both sides of the outlet of the hopper 12, a high voltage is applied from a high-voltage power supply device 13, and a pair of ions for charging the crushed dust 11 by blowing ion wind on the crushed dust 11 falling from the hopper 12 respectively. A wind generator 14 is provided (details will be described later). The high voltage power supply 13 has an anode connected to the ion wind generator 14 and a cathode grounded.

A metal belt conveyor device 15 is provided vertically below each of the ion wind generators 13 with a free fall path L of the crushed dust 11 interposed therebetween. Are both rotated to move from above to below. Each of the belts 15A has one end in contact with a grounded earth electrode 16 and is grounded. Further, brushes 17 are provided at the lower ends of the conveyor devices 15 for scraping off the sorted crushed dust 11 adsorbed on the belt 15A.

Downstream of the free fall path L, there is provided a first separation vessel 18 which is opened upward, and a second separation vessel 19 which is opened upward at a position below each conveyor device 14, respectively.
Is provided.

As shown in FIG. 2, the ion wind generator 14 has an insulating case 21 forming an apparatus main body whose one side (the lower side in FIG. 2) is open, and stands vertically inside the insulating case 21. A plurality of needle-shaped electrodes 22, and a mesh-type ground electrode 23 facing the needle-shaped electrodes 22 and covering a lower portion of the insulating case 21.
And a voltage / current introduction terminal 24 for connecting the high-voltage power supply device 13 and the needle electrode 22, and an air pipe 25 for supplying air into the insulating case 21. With this configuration, the needle electrode 22 and the ground electrode 23 to which a high voltage is applied from the high voltage power supply device 13
A corona discharge is generated in between, and an ion wind is generated by sending air to ions generated by the corona discharge.

The operation of the above configuration will be described. While ion wind is blowing from the ion wind generator 14, the hopper
Sorted crushed garbage 11 falls from 12. As shown in FIG. 3, the crushed dust 11 entering the ionized wind is charged by the ions and simultaneously with the belt force of the conveyor device 15 by the force of the wind.
It is skipped in the direction of 15A. In FIG. 1, a indicates the direction in which the ion wind blows.

At this time, if the crushed dust 11 is a conductive crushed dust (conductor) such as a metal, the charge obtained by charging is immediately discharged to the belt 15A, so that it falls without being adsorbed on the belt 15A, It is collected in the first separation container 18.

Conversely, if the crushed dust 11 is an insulating crushed dust (insulator) such as plastic, the electric charge obtained by the charging cannot be released immediately, so it is attracted to the belt 15A and scraped by the scraping brush 17. It is dropped and collected in the second separation container 19.

When the crushed dust 11 is semiconductive crushed dust (semiconductor), the crushed dust is adsorbed on the belt 15A for a short time. It is collected in the same first separation container 18.

The crushed dust 11 which is heavy and is not blown off by the ion wind falls as it is and is collected in the first separation container 18. However, it is determined by the difference between the mass force and the suction force of the crushed dust 11 adsorbed on the belt 15A. If the suction force is greater than the mass force, the dust is attracted to the scraping brush 17 and scraped off by the scraping brush 17. Collected in the separation container 19.

According to the above operation, the insulated crushed dust can be sorted into the second separation container 19, and the conductive crushed dust and semiconductive crushed dust can be sorted into the first separation container 18. FIG. 4
As shown in the figure, a free fall path L is formed in the first separation vessel 18.
Free-fall path close along the belt 15A L ₁ and the central bell
By providing a separator 26 for separating the far free fall path L ₂ remote from the preparative 15A, a conductive grinding dust and semiconductive grinding dust can be separated and recovered. Semiconductive pulverized dust adsorbs briefly belt 15A, to fall away belt 15A, since the fall of the free-fall path L ₁ along the belt 15A, can be separated and recovered.

As described above, the insulating pulverized dust, the conductive pulverized dust, and the semiconductive pulverized dust can be separated and collected, and by charging using the ion wind generator 14, an auxiliary agent is required as in the prior art. In addition, since the ground electrode is constituted by the conveyor device 15, it is possible to solve the problem that the crushed dust 11 remains attached and the sorting ability is reduced as in the conventional case, and as a result, the processing cost is reduced. It is possible to provide a large-scale sorting apparatus.
Further, a unit of the above configuration, the first separation vessel 18 upstream of the unit, the crushed waste is sorted into the second separation vessel 19, by sorting led to downstream units respectively, to increase the purity of the sorting Can be.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the pair of belt conveyor devices 15 shown in FIG.
Are arranged in a V-shape. With such a configuration, the flow of the ion wind is improved, and even when the weight of the sorted crushed refuse 11 is large, the refuse can be sorted by the material, and the sorting accuracy can be improved.

In the above-described embodiment, two ion wind generators 14 and two belt conveyor devices 15 are used. In addition, although the separation containers 18 and 19 are provided as a means for collecting the sorted crushed dust 11, a belt conveyor device or a trolley or the like may be provided instead of the separation containers 18 and 19.

[0029]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to selectively collect the insulating crushed dust and the conductive crushed dust (including the semiconductive crushed dust) and to use the ion wind generator. By eliminating the need for auxiliaries as in the past, the grounding electrode is made up of a conveyor device, and the crushed refuse remains attached as in the past, reducing the sorting ability. Can be solved, and as a result, it is possible to provide an inexpensive and large-volume sorting apparatus.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, by providing a separator for separating the falling path in the first collecting means, semiconductive crushed dust can be separated and collected from conductive crushed dust. Insulated crushed dust, conductive crushed dust, and semiconductive crushed dust can be selectively collected.

[0031] According to the third aspect of the present invention, the first collection means upstream of the unit, the crushed waste is sorted into the second collection means to another selected <br/> respectively led to downstream units Thereby, the purity of the sorted crushed refuse can be increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a discharge / drop type electrostatic sorting device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an ion wind generator of the discharge / drop type electrostatic separator.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the discharge / drop type electrostatic sorting device.

FIG. 4 is a main part configuration diagram of the discharge / drop type electrostatic sorting apparatus provided with a separator.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a discharge / drop type electrostatic separation device showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a conventional drop-type electrostatic sorting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Sorted and crushed refuse 12 Hopper 13 High voltage power supply 14 Ion wind generator 15 Belt conveyor 15A belt 16 Grounding electrode 17 Scrub brush 18 First separation vessel (collection means) 19 Second separation vessel (collection means) 21 Insulation Case 22 Needle electrode 23 Mesh type ground electrode 24 Voltage / current introduction terminal 25 Air piping 26 Separator

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Chiaki Tojo 5-3-28 Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka-shi, Hitachi Zosen Corporation (56) References JP-A-7-116548 (JP, A) JP-A-5-319994 (JP, A) JP-A-57-32748 (JP, A) JP-B-31-3245 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B03C 7 / 00-7/12

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A hopper for supplying selected crushed dust, an ion wind generator for blowing an ionic wind against the selected crushed dust falling from the hopper to charge the selected crushed dust, A conveyor device having a metal belt that moves downward from the hopper, wherein the metal belt is arranged so that the metal belt faces a dropping path of the sorted crushed trash falling from the hopper, A brush for scraping off the sorted and crushed dust adsorbed on the belt, a first collecting means arranged downstream of the falling path, and a second collecting means arranged below the conveyor device. Discharge / drop type electrostatic sorting equipment. 2. The method according to claim 2, wherein the falling path is provided in the first collecting means.
Away from the belt close fall path along the belt
The discharge / fall type electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, further comprising a separator for separating the distant fall path. 3. A hopper for supplying the selected crushed dust, an ion wind generator for blowing an ionic wind against the selected crushed dust falling from the hopper, and charging the selected crushed dust, A conveyor device having a metal belt that moves downward from the hopper, the conveyor device being arranged such that the metal belt faces a side of a falling path of the sorted crushed trash falling from the hopper, or a brush scraping to be sorted crushed waste adsorbed to the belt, a first recovery means disposed downstream of the dropping path, and a second recovery means disposed below the conveyor
Are arranged upstream and downstream, and in the upstream unit, the crushed trash sorted in the first collection unit and the second collection unit is guided to the downstream unit , respectively.
A discharge / drop type electrostatic sorter characterized by performing sorting.