JP3149655B2 - Method and apparatus for crushing waste by detonation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for crushing waste by detonation capable of crushing waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, crushing of wastes (for example, bulky trash, molten slag, etc.) is often carried out by mechanical force. As an example, in the case of a crusher having a rotary blade, a material to be crushed is put into a place where two rotary blades mesh with each other, and crushing is performed by a shearing force and a compressive force at the rotary blade portion.

[0003] In the case of a ball mill or a rod mill, the crushing medium and the material to be crushed are mixed and rolled, and crushing is performed by the impact force, compression force, grinding force, and the like of the crushing medium.
On the other hand, as one of the waste crushing methods, there is a crushing method using a shock wave or a pressure wave of an explosion of an explosive or the like. The waste is crushed by the impact of the explosion in an explosion-resistant container (mainly spherical). In the case of large wastes (for example, FRP ships), explosives (pen slit sheet explosives) are attached directly to the cutting (crushing) locations and destroyed.

[0004]

However, the crusher which crushes by the above-mentioned mechanical force has the following problems. 1) When the size of the waste increases, a large and large horsepower crusher is required.

[0005] 2) For solid waste (including metals, etc.)
The rotating blade is worn or broken, and the operating efficiency is reduced. 3) Waste such as gas cylinders and stoves may cause an explosion or fire due to a rise in the temperature of the rotary blade.

Further, crushing of explosives and the like by explosion has the following common or inherent problems. 1) Use dangerous and expensive explosives.

2) To generate loud noise. 3) Because of the danger, there are restrictions on the installation location. 4) Not suitable for repeated operation in a short time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional method and to provide a method for crushing waste by high-speed and high-pressure impact pressure, which can be repeatedly operated in a short time, and an apparatus therefor. Is what you do.

[0009]

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned object firstly relates to a method for crushing waste, wherein a detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber converges with its progress. This is achieved by transmitting the high impact pressure obtained by convergence directly to the waste and crushing some or all of the waste in the combustion product gas.

[0010] Further, the present invention is achieved by transmitting the high impact pressure obtained by convergence to waste through a pressure medium and crushing a part or all of the waste in a vacuum or an inert gas.

On the other hand, with respect to an apparatus for carrying out the above method, there is provided an ignition chamber provided with an ignition plug for receiving a fuel supply; and a branch extending from a dispersion chamber connected to the ignition chamber,
A plurality of guide paths having equal distances communicating with one end of the combustion chamber; and the guide path is a combustion chamber connected to the one end, and the cross-sectional area of the passage decreases from the one end to the other end,
An opening formed at the other end having the smallest passage cross-sectional area;
A pressure chamber connected to the opening at the other end; a treatment chamber containing waste, connected downstream of the pressure chamber, and a collision wall accommodated on the downstream side inside the treatment chamber. ing.

The pressure chamber connected to the other end opening is filled with a pressure medium, and the pressure medium is pressed toward the combustion chamber by a pressing ring; A connected processing chamber, in which waste is housed and a collision wall is housed on the downstream side inside the processing chamber.

[0013] The collision wall is provided with irregularities on the collision surface side. In addition, a supply / discharge device that supplies and discharges waste to the processing chamber intermittently or intermittently is provided,
This device is linked to a supply / exhaust device for flammable air-fuel mixture and an ignition device so that waste can be crushed.

Further, a separation / collection device for separating and collecting insufficiently crushed waste is provided in the waste discharge device, and the collected waste is again put into the processing chamber. Further, a flow path for filling the processing chamber with an inert gas and a gas supply device are provided to prevent ignition or explosion of waste.

[0015]

According to the method of the present invention, the pressure obtained by the detonation is converged and becomes a high impact pressure and transmitted to the pressure chamber and the processing chamber. The waste contained in the processing chamber is crushed in the combustion gas by directly receiving the high pressure of impact, or is crushed by flying at high speed and colliding with a collision wall located downstream. At this time, by giving irregularities to the collision wall, the waste is subjected to concentrated stress at the convex portion, and crushing is promoted.

On the other hand, when a pressure medium is disposed in the pressure chamber, the converged impact high pressure is transmitted to the waste through the pressure medium. (At this time, the pressure medium does not push the waste, but the shock wave penetrates through the pressure medium and acts on the waste. Therefore, the pressure medium does not move.) Thereafter, the waste subjected to the impact high pressure has a high speed. It flies and collides with the collision wall downstream of the processing chamber.

The pressure medium referred to here means that the acoustic impedance (mass * sound speed) is water (1.50 * 10 ⁶ Ns / m).
³ ) Non-flowable material (e.g., elastic material such as natural or synthetic rubber) that is equivalent to or close to ³ ).

Since the combustion chamber and the processing chamber are separated by the pressure medium, the processing chamber is filled with a vacuum or an inert gas before ignition in the combustion section (ignition / dispersion / combustion chamber). Waste containing substances can be crushed without causing an explosion due to ignition (because of an oxygen-deficient atmosphere).

Further, according to the present invention, a general transport device (belt conveyor, robot, etc.) is connected to the front and rear portions of the processing chamber, and the waste is supplied and discharged in conjunction with the opening and closing of the processing chamber. Intermittent or intermittent crushing of waste is enabled.

In addition, waste separation / separation in the waste discharge device
Since a recovery device (such as a grid) is provided to recycle insufficiently crushed waste, it can be operated while maintaining the upper limit of the crushing size.

The impact pressure rises almost in proportion to the pressure at which the combustible mixture is charged into the combustion chamber. On the other hand, the converged impact pressure then attenuates due to the propagation distance, but the force to fly the waste is the product of the pressure received by the waste and the pressure receiving area. The processing chamber becomes larger due to the need to accommodate the waste, and the waste is placed away from the converging part, and the propagation distance increases, but the pressure receiving area receiving the impact pressure increases, so it is possible to crush without changing the volume of the combustion chamber Becomes If the crushing of the waste is insufficient, the pressure of the fuel gas is increased to increase the impact force.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus of the present embodiment.
In the figure, a combustion chamber 1 is formed in a horizontal shape that spreads in a radial direction. The combustion chamber 1 is shaped such that its cross-sectional area decreases toward the center by a substantially spherical lower end wall bulging rightward (on the drawing). The cross-sectional area is maximum at the inner peripheral end 1A and minimum at the central other end 1B to form a converging portion.

The inner wall of one end 1A of the combustion chamber 1 is slightly curved to the left (in the figure), and a plurality of hole-shaped guide paths 2 communicate therewith. These plural guide paths 2 are connected to a disk-shaped dispersion chamber 3 on the left side (on the figure).
An ignition chamber 4 extending to the left (on the drawing) is connected to the dispersion chamber 3.

An ignition plug 5 operated by an ignition device 6 is provided at the left part (on the figure) of the ignition chamber 4, and a fuel supply source 9 and an oxidant supply source are passed through flow meters 7 and 8. 1
0 are respectively connected. Reference numeral 11 denotes a pressure gauge for checking the pressure in the ignition chamber 4.

An opening 1a is opened at the other end 1B of the combustion chamber 1, a pressure chamber 12 is connected to this opening, and a processing chamber 13 is provided to the right (on the figure) of the pressure chamber 12. The waste 14 and the collision wall 15 are stored therein. This collision wall 15 is replaceable.

Reference numeral 17 denotes a vacuum pump device. Next, generation of impact pressure and crushing of waste using the impact pressure in the above-described apparatus will be described.

1) First, a waste 14 to be subjected to pressure is set in the processing chamber 13. 2) Next, the vacuum chamber 17 evacuates the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the guide path 2 and the combustion chamber 1 and the processing chamber 13 into which the waste enters into a predetermined degree of vacuum.

3) Thereafter, the flammable gas having a substantially stoichiometric mixture is supplied to the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the induction path 2, the combustion chamber 1 and the processing chamber 13 with the fuel supply source 9, the oxidant supply source 10, and the like. Is filled by

4) Next, the ignition plug 6
Activate A detonation occurs in the ignition chamber 4 due to the ignition, and the flame passes through the dispersion chamber 3 and the guide path 2 to the combustion chamber 1.
Is transmitted to one end 1A. At this time, since the distances of the plurality of guide paths 2 are set to be equal to each other, the flames of the plurality of guide paths 2 reach the one end 1A at the same time.

5) In the combustion chamber 1, the flame advances from one end 1A to the other end 1B. However, since the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber 1 gradually decreases to the right (on the figure), the pressure increases. Rises to an extremely high pressure at the other end 1B.

6) The pressure chamber 12 and the processing chamber 13 containing the waste 14 are connected to the opening 1a at the other end 1B of the combustion chamber. Is transmitted. The waste is crushed or flies by the high pressure of the impact and collides with the collision wall 15 to be crushed.

7) Thereafter, the crushed waste is discharged, and the above steps 1) to 6) are repeated, whereby
It is possible to crush waste one after another. In this embodiment, the combustion section (ignition / dispersion / combustion chamber) and the processing chamber are evacuated and then filled with a flammable gas. When flammable gas is filled in the presence of gas, residual gas mixing ratio is 1
Even at 00%, a detonation phenomenon occurs, and there is no effect of residual gas.
Rather, the impact pressure is proportional to the initial fill gas pressure.

Therefore, if a gas supply / exhaust mechanism is provided in the combustion section of the apparatus of this embodiment, continuous combustion can be performed as in a two-cycle engine. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, the pressure medium G is
And the pressure medium G is pressed by the press ring 18 to completely separate the combustion chamber 1 from the processing chamber 13. Therefore, the high impact pressure is transmitted to the waste 14 via the pressure medium G, and the waste flies upward (on the drawing), collides with the collision wall 15, and is crushed.

At this time, when the waste is crushed in a vacuum, the vacuum pump 17 is evacuated before the combustion chamber is ignited. On the other hand, when the waste is crushed in an inert gas, the inert gas is supplied to the gas supply device 16 similarly after evacuation.
Fill with

The present apparatus is an apparatus for crushing intermittently or intermittently.
And a separation / collection device 22. The waste is supplied / discharged in accordance with opening and closing of the processing chamber 13, and waste that is insufficiently crushed is sent to the supply side in the separation / recovery device 22 connected to the discharge device 21 and crushed again.

[0037]

The present invention is configured as described above.
In this method, compared to the conventional method, it is possible to obtain an impact pressure with a sharp rise and excellent characteristics easily at a low cost and easily, and the level of the impact pressure depends on the initial filling gas pressure of the detonation device. As a result, the pressure controllability is excellent, and the effect that the optimum conditions according to the crushing of the waste can be easily set can be obtained.

[0038] Even if the waste is large, the effect of crushing can be obtained without changing the volume of the combustion chamber due to the relationship between the impact pressure and the pressure receiving area of the impact force. Also,
According to the device of the present invention, since explosives are not used unlike the conventional explosive method, the device is not restricted by the installation, and the effect that the impact pressure can be generated in a short time can be obtained. . Further, since the crushing of the waste can be performed in a vacuum or in an inert gas, the effect of preventing the waste from burning and further exploding in the apparatus is obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to a second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Combustion chamber, 1A ... One end, 1B ... Other end, 1a ... Opening, 2 ... Guideway, 4 ... Ignition chamber, 5 ... Spark plug, 12 ... Pressure chamber, 13 ... Processing chamber, 14 ... Waste, 15: collision wall, 16
... Inert gas supply device, 17 ... Vacuum pump device, 18 ...
Pressing ring, 20: feeding device, 21: discharging device, 22:
Separation / collection device, G: pressure medium.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Minoru Suzuki 1-1-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-5-269454 (JP, A) JP-A-3 -101853 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 19/00 B02C 19/18

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber converges with its progress, and a high-impact pressure obtained by the convergence is directly transmitted to a waste to generate a detonation wave in a combustion product gas. A method for crushing waste by detonation, which comprises crushing part or all of the waste. 2. A detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber converges with its progression, and a high impact high pressure obtained by the convergence is transmitted to waste through a pressure medium, and the vacuum Alternatively, a method of crushing waste by detonation, which comprises crushing part or all of the waste in an inert gas. 3. An ignition chamber provided with an ignition plug for receiving a supply of fuel; and a plurality of guides extending from the dispersion chamber connected to the ignition chamber and having an equal distance communicating with one end of the combustion chamber. A combustion chamber in which the guide path communicates with the one end, wherein the cross-sectional area of the passage decreases from the one end to the other end, and an opening is formed in the other end having the minimum passage cross-sectional area. A pressure chamber connected to the opening at the other end; a treatment chamber connected to the downstream of the pressure chamber for storing waste, and a collision wall 15 stored at a downstream side inside the processing chamber; Waste destruction device composed of detonation. 4. An ignition chamber in which an ignition plug for receiving a supply of fuel is disposed; and a plurality of guides having the same distance extending from the dispersion chamber connected to the ignition chamber and communicating with one end of the combustion chamber. A combustion chamber in which the guide path communicates with the one end, wherein the cross-sectional area of the passage decreases from the one end to the other end, and an opening is formed in the other end having the minimum passage cross-sectional area. A pressure chamber filled with a pressure medium connected to the opening at the other end, the pressure medium being pressed in the direction of the combustion chamber by a pressing ring; and connected downstream of the pressure chamber. A destruction device for detonating waste, comprising: a treatment chamber in which waste is accommodated and a collision wall accommodated in a downstream side thereof. 5. The apparatus for crushing waste by detonation according to claim 3, wherein the collision wall is provided with irregularities on the collision surface side. 6. A supply / discharge device for intermittently or intermittently supplying and discharging waste to and from a processing chamber, and the device is disposed of in conjunction with a supply / exhaust device for a combustible gas mixture and an ignition device. The apparatus for crushing waste by detonation according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the apparatus can crush things. 7. A separation / collection device for separating / collecting incompletely crushed waste in a waste discharge device, and the collected waste is fed back into a processing chamber. 7. A device for crushing waste by detonation according to 6. 8. The detonation of waste according to claim 4, wherein a flow path for filling the processing chamber with an inert gas and a gas supply device are provided to prevent ignition or explosion of the waste. Crushing equipment.