JP3024745B2 - Solid fuel conversion system for combustible waste including garbage - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for converting combustible waste, including garbage discharged mainly from homes, into solid fuel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
No. -150158. This is a combustible material sorting and molding device for producing solid fuel from waste such as garbage and sludge.It is a machine that breaks bags containing waste, a magnetic separator that removes magnetic metal from waste, and a magnetic separator. A primary crusher for primary crushing waste from which metals have been removed, a dryer for drying waste that has passed through the primary crusher, and sorting of combustibles and non-combustibles by wind from the waste from the dryer It is a combustible material sorting and molding device comprising a wind separator, a secondary crusher for secondary crushing the combustible material subjected to the wind crushing, and a molding machine for molding the combustible material after the secondary crushing into a solid fuel. This ensures that most metals, regardless of whether they are combustibles, magnetic or non-magnetic materials, are separated from household waste discharged from ordinary households without any inconvenient odors. Solid fuel can be manufactured in a timely and efficient manner , It has been described as. It is disclosed that an internal circulation type wind separator is used as a wind separator (as well as a special rotary dryer is used as the dryer).

[0003]

However, sediment attached to plant and ornamental plants discarded in combustible waste including garbage discharged from homes and the like, and sediment also adhered to garbage cleaned in the garden. Many are included. When such garbage is separated into combustibles and incombustibles by an internal circulation type wind separator, the non-combustible earth and sand is fine and lightweight,
There is a problem that the flammable material is sorted by the wind force and the purity of the flammable material is reduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and it has been proposed to convert combustible waste into solid fuel which can surely remove incombustibles from combustibles and greatly improve the purity of combustibles. It is intended to provide a device.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a solid fuel converting apparatus for combustible waste including garbage according to the present invention is provided with a bag-breaking machine for breaking the combustible waste and a bag-breaking machine. Crusher for crushing combustible waste, dryer for drying crushed combustible waste, magnetic separator for removing magnetic substances in dried combustible waste, and combustible waste from which magnetic substances have been removed The wind
Combustibles and non-combustible materials that float due to force
Combined wind-type vibrating sieve for separating into combustibles, collector for collecting combustibles, volume-reducing molding machine for reducing the volume of combustibles into solid fuel, and the volume-reducing molding machine for slaked lime And an additive supply device for supplying the additive.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a bag breaking machine for breaking combustible waste, a crusher for breaking bag-burned combustible waste, and a dryer for drying crushed combustible waste. A magnetic separator that removes magnetic substances from dried combustible waste, and a combustible substance that floats combustible waste from which magnetic substances have been removed by wind power
Combined wind-type vibrating sieve that separates non-combustible material and non-combustible material on the sieve , collector for combustible material, volume reduction of combustible material, volume reduction to solid fuel by molding It comprises a molding machine and an additive supply machine for supplying slaked lime to the volume reducing molding machine.

[0007] The combustible waste such as kitchen garbage (garbage) containing water packed in a bag is broken by a bag breaker, and the combustible waste thus broken is crushed by a crusher, and the crushed combustible waste is crushed. The garbage is dried to a predetermined moisture level by a dryer, and the magnetic material in the dried flammable garbage is removed by a magnetic separator, and the flammable garbage from which the magnetic material has been removed is supplied to a vibrating sieve combined with a wind power for flammability. And impurities. In other words, incombustibles are collected as sifters falling from the perforated plate of the vibrating sieve and unsieved uppers not falling, and combustibles are lifted by air blown from below the perforated plate, and are suction-collected by the collector. You.
The collected combustibles are supplied to a volume reduction molding machine together with slaked lime from an additive supply device, and are compressed and reduced in the volume reduction molding machine, and become a binder due to softening and melting of mixed resin in this process. It is shaped into a rod or the like and becomes a solid fuel. By adding slaked lime to the solid fuel in advance, harmful gases such as chlorine generated during combustion of the solid fuel can be neutralized by the reaction and made harmless.

Further, a crusher for crushing the dried combustible waste is provided between the dryer and the magnetic separator. In the case of combustible waste containing a large amount of water, a part of the combustible waste is discharged as lump (dango) during the drying process in the dryer. By crushing (disintegrating) the refuse with a crusher, it is easy to collect the magnetic material thereafter and to separate the combustible material from the non-combustible material.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3, reference numeral 2 denotes a conveyor having a hopper 1 for receiving combustible waste including kitchen waste, 3 denotes a bag breaker,
Is a conveyor, 5 is a metal detector, 6 is a crusher, for example, a shear type single-shaft crusher or impact crusher, 7 is a conveyor, 8 is a dryer, for example, a rotary dryer, 9 is a conveyor, 10 is a conveyor. In a crusher, for example, a chain mill, 11
Is a conveyor, 12 is a magnetic separator, 13 is a vibrating sieve combined with wind, 14 is a combustible collector, for example, a cyclone and a bag filter (a dust collector with a cyclone), 15 is a conveyor, and 16 is a slaked lime etc. An additive feeder 17 is a volume forming machine, for example, a twin-screw volume reducing extruder and 18 is a conveyor. The magnetic separator 12 may be a belt type in addition to the drum type shown in the drawing.

The dryer 8 comprises, for example, a rotary dryer body 20, a hot air generator 21, a fuel tank 22, a combustion blower 23, a conduit 24, a cyclone 25, a circulation blower 26, a branch conduit 27, a gas cooler 28, and a blower 29. You.

The vibrating sieve 13 combined with wind power has the following configuration. Supply port 31 at one upper end and discharge port 3 at the lower end
A perforated plate 35 is provided in a substantially horizontal and horizontally long box-shaped main body 30 having an upper chamber 33 and a lower chamber 34, and a machine base 37 on which the box-shaped main body 30 is mounted via a spring 36.
Above, it is supported by a swing lever 38 and a spring 39 which are provided diagonally between the two, and vibrates in a diagonal (arrow in the drawing) direction by vibrating means 40. The vibration means 40 comprises a motor 41, a pulley 42 and a vibration oscillator 43. A partition wall 44 partitions the lower chamber 34 into a front chamber 45 and a rear chamber 46. The perforated plate 35 is a non-porous portion 3 immediately below the supply port 31 corresponding to the front chamber 45.
5a, a large number of small sieve holes 35b formed on the downstream side thereof,
It comprises a number of large sieve holes 35c formed corresponding to the rear chamber 46. And, the pore size of the small sieve hole 35b is 7 to 10
mm and the diameter of the large sieve hole 35c is 15 to 20 mm.

Reference numerals 47 and 48 denote outlets for discharging the sieves in the front chamber 45 and the rear chamber 46, respectively. A blower 49 is connected to air supply ports 52 and 53 formed on the side surfaces of the front chamber 45 and the rear chamber 46 by pipes 50 and 51. 5
Reference numerals 4 and 55 denote valves for adjusting air. The passing speed of the air passing through the small sieve hole 35b is set to approximately 10 m / s, and the passing speed of the air passing through the large sieve hole 35c is set to approximately 20 m / s. 56
Is a suction hood having suction ports 58 respectively protruding into the upper chamber 33 through the opening 57 of the box-shaped main body 31. In the illustrated case, the number of the suction hoods is four. The suction port 58 has a slit-like length and extends over almost the entire width of the perforated plate 35. Further, the suction hood 56 is slidably fitted to the sleeve 60 of the gantry 59 and is fixed by a bolt 61 so as not to move in a vertical direction at a predetermined position. Accordingly, the position of the suction port 58 is adjusted above the perforated plate 35 above the perforated plate 35.
62 is a flexible tube.

Each hood 56 is connected to a collector 14 via a conduit 63.
Connected to. The trap 14 is a cyclone unit 6 on the front side.
4 and a dust collector 65 on the rear side are an integrated dust collector with a cyclone. A conduit 63 is connected to the cyclone 64 and a dust collector 6 is provided.
5 is connected to an exhaust fan 67 via a conduit 66 and a deodorizing device 69 via a conduit 68. The collector 14 is made compact by being integrated as described above, but may be an independent cyclone and a dust collector.

In the above embodiment, combustible waste containing kitchen waste packed in a bag such as vinyl is put into a receiving hopper 1 and supplied to a bag breaker 3 by a conveyor 2 to break the bag. In the course of transporting the opened combustible waste by the transport conveyor 4, the presence of iron or non-ferrous metal is detected by the metal detector 5 and removed by hand. The combustible waste from which the metal has been removed is supplied to a crusher 6 via a conveyor 4 and crushed. The crushed combustible waste is supplied to the dryer 8 via the conveyor 7 and is dried until it reaches a predetermined moisture level (about 20%). That is, the crushed combustible waste passes through the hot-air generating furnace 21 and passes through the rotary dryer main body 2.
The water is evaporated by hot air (400 to 500 ° C.) supplied to the inside and dried. Evaporated moisture is passed through the conduit 24 and the cyclone 25 by the circulation blower 26 together with the gas.
It is returned to the hot-air generating furnace 21 and is heated again. Since the hot air has a high temperature and a high humidity, the combustible waste is dried without burning even if it is directly dried. In addition,
Part of the gas containing evaporated water generated by the drying,
The gas cooler 28 passes through a branch conduit 27 by an exhaust fan 29.
And is deodorized and discharged by the deodorizing device 75.

The dried combustible waste is supplied to a crusher 10 via a conveyor 9 and crushed. The crusher 10 is effective when drying combustible waste mainly composed of garbage containing a large amount of water. That is, when a rotary drier is used as the dryer 8, a part of the combustible waste may be discharged as a lump (dango) in the rotation drying process. Disintegrating (disintegrating) such combustible waste has the advantage of facilitating the subsequent recovery of magnetic materials and the separation of combustibles and non-combustibles. If it is garbage, it can be omitted. The crushed combustible waste is passed through a conveyor 11 and combined with a wind-driven vibrating sieve 13
In the course of the transfer to the conveyor, the remaining magnetic substances that cannot be removed on the transfer conveyor 4 are removed by a magnetic separator 12.

The combustible waste from which the magnetic substances have been removed is put into a vibrating sieve 13 combined with wind power, where it is separated into combustibles and non-combustibles. That is, the combustible waste from which the magnetic material has been removed is introduced from the supply port 31 of the vibrating sieve 13 combined with wind power,
The injected combustible waste rides on the non-porous portion 35a of the perforated plate 35 and is vibrated by the vibrating means 40 so that the perforated plate 3
5 is spread in the width direction of the sieve to make the layer uniform, and is moved to the outlet 32 side. On the other hand, the air supplied from the air supply ports 52, 53 to the front and rear chambers 45, 46 is supplied to the respective sieve holes 3 of the perforated plate 35.
It blows upward through 5b and 35c. Small incombustible materials such as relatively heavy earth and sand among combustible waste are small sieve holes 35b.
, Falls into the front chamber 45 through the small sieve hole 35 b against the airflow passing through, and is collected from the outlet 47. Then, those that do not pass through the small sieve hole 35b move to the large sieve hole 35c, where the relatively heavy medium-sized incombustible material passes through the large sieve hole 35c against the airflow passing through the large sieve hole 35c. Rear room 4
6 and is collected from the outlet 48. Further, the coarse pieces that have not passed through the large sieve hole 35c are recovered through the outlet 32.

In the above process, lightweight combustibles such as vinyl float by the airflow blown upward from the sieve holes 35b and 35c, are sucked through the suction port 58 of the suction hood 56, and collected through the conduit 63. Machine 14 (dust collector with cyclone)
Collected and collected at As described above, the non-combustible material is removed by the synergistic action of the vibration of the perforated plate 35 and the air flow blown up from each sieve hole 35b, 35c, the small-grained sand, the medium-grained pebble and the perforated plate 35. In addition to being able to sift into large pieces reliably, it is also possible to reliably float and sort light combustibles. Therefore, the selection of combustibles can be maintained with extremely high accuracy.

The combustibles collected and collected by the collector 14 (a dust collector with a cyclone) are discharged in an airtight manner, conveyed by a conveyor 15 and fed into a volume reduction molding machine 17 while slaked lime is removed. The additive is supplied to the volume reducing molding machine 17 by the additive supplying machine 16. The combustible material is reduced in volume by a volume reducing molding machine 15, extruded in a rod shape, cut into a predetermined length to be formed into a molded product, and stored in a container bag or the like via a conveyor 18. By adding slaked lime to the solid fuel in advance, harmful gases such as chlorine generated during combustion of the solid fuel can be neutralized by the reaction and made harmless.

The aperture ratio of the sieve holes of the perforated plate 35 is 20 to
By making the air passage resistance, that is, the pressure loss, 25%, the front chamber 45 and the rear chamber 4 of the lower chamber 34 are formed.
When the supply air in 6 is blown up through the sieve holes 35b, 35c, the supply air does not cause partial blow-through, but uniformly blows up from the entire surface of the sieve holes 35b, 35c of the perforated plate 35, As a result, the non-combustible material of the perforated plate 35 receives a uniform blowing force from the entire surface of the perforated plate 35, and only the dust and the combustible material are surely levitated therein.

The air velocity of the combustibles floating from the perforated plate 35 is adjusted by adjusting the velocity of air blown from the perforated plate 35 by the air adjusting valves 54 and 55, and the suction amount of air is adjusted by the suction air amount adjusting valve 35. By adjusting the suction speed at the port 58 and adjusting the mounting height of the suction port 58 (the distance from the perforated plate 35), it is possible to reliably suction only a lightweight object. Further, by setting the thickness t of the small sieve holes 35b of the perforated plate 35 to be equal to or larger than the hole diameter d, the probability that the bar-shaped wood pieces fall from the sieve holes 35b is reduced. Therefore, the plate thickness t of the small sieve hole 35b is preferably about 10 mm, and in the case of the large sieve hole 35c, it is the same as or slightly thicker than the small sieve hole 35b. I do. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the perforated plate 35 has two types of large and small sieve holes 35b and 35c and the lower chamber 34 has two chambers 45 and 46.
Can be omitted and only the small sieve hole 35b can be provided. In this case, the partition wall 44 and the discharge port 47 are omitted.

[0021]

The present invention is embodied in the form described above, and has the following effects. According to the invention of claim 1, due to the synergistic action of vibration of the perforated plate of the vibrating sieve combined with wind power and the air flow flowing from each sieve hole, the combustible material is a non-combustible small-grained sandy material. It is possible to reliably sieve from the pebble-like material of the particle pieces and the large particle pieces on the perforated plate, and it is possible to reliably float and sort combustible materials. For this reason, the combustibles contain almost no incombustibles, and it is possible to produce a solid fuel with extremely high purity. In addition, since the purity of combustible materials is extremely high, the volume reduction molding machine associated with the incorporation of incombustibles is also highly pure. And can withstand long-term use. Furthermore, since non-combustible materials have high purity, they can be stably landfilled and can be effectively used for backfilling of roadbed materials and land preparation materials.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the combustible waste after the drying in the dryer is crushed and broken by the crusher, so that the subsequent collection of the magnetic material and the separation of the combustible material from the incombustible material are extremely possible. It will be easier.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a solid fuel conversion device for combustible waste including garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a vibrating sieve combined with wind power of the solid fuel converting apparatus for combustible waste including garbage as described above.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the solid fuel converting apparatus for combustible waste including garbage as described above.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Receiving hopper 2 Conveyor 3 Breaker 4 Conveyor 5 Metal detector 6 Crusher 7 Conveyor 8 Dryer 9 Conveyor 10 Crusher 11 Conveyor 12 Magnetic separator 13 Wind vibrating sieve 14 Collector DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Conveyor 16 Additive feeder 17 Volume reduction molding machine 18 Conveyor 28 Gas cooler 30 Box-shaped main body 33 Upper chamber 34 Lower chamber 35 Perforated plate 44 Partition wall 45 Front chamber 46 Rear chamber 47 Discharge port 48 Discharge port 56 Suction hood 64 Cyclone section 65 Dust collection section 69 Deodorizing device

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-150158 (JP, A) JP-A 8-85797 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C10L 5/46 B09B 3/00 B09B 5/00 C10L 5/48 WPI / L (QUESTEL)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] Claims: 1. A bag breaking machine for breaking combustible waste, a crusher for crushing broken bag combustible waste, a dryer for drying crushed combustible waste, and a dried combustible waste. A magnetic separator that removes magnetic substances inside, and a combustible substance that floats combustible waste from which magnetic substances have been removed by wind power
Combined wind-type vibrating sieve that sorts into non- combustibles, collectors that collect combustibles, volume-reducing molding machines that reduce the volume of combustibles to solid fuel, and reduce the volume of slaked lime An apparatus for converting combustible waste including garbage into solid fuel, comprising: an additive feeder for feeding to a molding machine. 2. The flammable garbage containing garbage according to claim 1, further comprising a crusher provided between the dryer and the magnetic separator for crushing the dried flammable waste. Garbage solid fuel converter.