JP3099219B2 - Lubricants for warm or hot forging - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lubricant for plastic working (for example, forging, extruding, pressing, drawing) of a metal in a warm or hot region.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in plastic forming of metal, friction between a metal material and a tool or a mold is reduced, plastic deformation of the metal is performed more smoothly, and cooling and protection of the tool or the mold, as well as tool and mold, are performed. Lubricants have been used for the purpose of facilitating release of a metal material from a mold. As such a lubricant, a graphite-based lubricant in which graphite powder is dispersed in oil or water is widely used because of its excellent lubricity and releasability. However, graphite powder-containing lubricants are excellent in lubricity and mold release properties.However, when the lubricant is applied and used, the graphite powder scatters or adheres to machinery, etc. There is a problem that it gets worse. Also, as the number of uses increases, the graphite powder becomes clogged in the pipes and nozzles to which the lubricant is applied, which hinders the work and requires extra work to clean these, greatly reducing work efficiency. There are also problems.

[0003] In order to solve these problems caused by the graphite lubricant, a graphite-free lubricant containing no graphite powder is required. Glass-based lubricants and carboxylic acid-based lubricants are known to meet this demand. Examples of the glass-based lubricant include phosphoric acid,
A glass-based lubricant comprising a phosphate, a silicic acid and an alkali metal salt of boric acid (JP-A-59-64698) is known. However, the above-mentioned glass-based lubricant is
It accumulates in the recesses or corners of the mold as the number of processes increases, and has the disadvantage that the product is liable to underfill.

[0004] As carboxylic acid-based lubricants, adipates and organic thickeners (JP-A-55-139498),
Alkali metal phthalate and organic thickener (JP-A-58-8)
No. 4898), alkali metal salts of aromatic carboxylic acids (JP-A-60-1293), alkali metal maleates and organic thickeners (JP-A-61-103996), alkali metal fumarate And organic thickeners
JP-A-2-12960), alkali salts of aromatic polycarboxylic acids having a carboxy group (JP-A-62-50396), alkali metal salts or alkaline-earth metal salts of ligninsulfonic acid (JP-A-62-81493). Publication), a polycarboxylic acid reaction product of trimellitic acid with an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide (JP-B-4)
No. 60519) is known.

[0005] However, a lubricant comprising a polycarboxylate such as an adipate or a phthalate and an organic thickener can reduce the working environment and working efficiency and eliminate the accumulation on a mold, but it is difficult to use graphite. Lubricity and releasability are slightly inferior to those of system-based lubricants. Also, since a thickener is used in combination, the viscosity of the lubricant is increased and the cooling property is inferior. In this case, the mold temperature in the steady state is increased), thereby shortening the mold life.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a lubricant which is excellent in lubricity and releasability and which does not deteriorate the working environment and working efficiency and does not accumulate molds. What you want to do. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant for hot and hot plastic working of metal having a cooling property comparable to that of water and effective for improving the life of a tool or a mold.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted various studies on the lubricant components and lubricating performance of a lubricant for warm / hot plastic working, and found that a combination of trimellitate and adipic acid was used. and we have completed the present invention found that a synergistic effect is observed in lubricity by a combination of trimellitic acid salt and isophthalic acid salt.

Namely, the present invention is at least 1 selected from (a) an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salts of trimellitic acid, (b) an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salts of adipic acid or isophthalic acid At least one of (c) an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride, (e) an alkanolamine salt of boric acid or boric anhydride, and (d) water. Warm or hot forging lubricant.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows. (1) The above component (a) trimellitate and component (b)
Is from 1/99 to 95.
/ 5, and the content of the composition of (2) the component (a) and the polycarboxylate as the component (b) is 10% of the total amount of the lubricant.
0.1 to 40 parts by weight in the case of 0 parts by weight, and (3) content of an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a copolymer of olefin and maleic anhydride as component (c). The amount is 0.1 to 35 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the lubricant.

(Action) Trimellitic acid salt and adipate, trimellitic acid salt
Iso phthalate or when used in combination trimellitic acid salt and adipate and isophthalic acid salt, a lubricating agent film interposed between the metal material and the tool or mold as compared with the carboxylate itself Therefore, it is considered that the film melts in a wider temperature range, the film has good followability to plastic working of metal, and the shearing force is reduced, so that the lubricating performance is improved.

(Blending ratio) The total content of the polycarboxylate comprising component (a) trimellitate and component (b) at least one selected from the group consisting of adipate and phthalate in the present invention, 0.1 of the total amount of the agent composition
４０40% by weight. If the content is less than 0.1% by weight, good performance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, a stable lubricant composition cannot be obtained. The composition ratio (a / b) of the polycarboxylate is preferably from 95/5 to 1/99. If this ratio deviates from the above range, no synergistic effect on lubricity is observed in any case.

(Copolymer) The above-mentioned copolymer of olefin and maleic anhydride is a copolymer of ethylene having a substituent such as isobutylene or styrene and maleic anhydride. The alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of the copolymer of olefin and maleic anhydride, which is the component (c), efficiently and more uniformly forms a lubricant film (polycarboxylate film) on the surface of a high-temperature mold. It is useful because it adheres to the surface, and does not impair the cooling ability of water, which is a medium for the lubricant. The content of the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of the copolymer of olefin and maleic anhydride is 0.1 to 35% by weight of the total amount of the lubricant. If the content is less than 0.1% by weight, the lubricant film cannot be efficiently and evenly adhered to the surface of the high-temperature mold, and if it exceeds 35% by weight, the cooling property of the lubricant decreases.

(Alkanolamine salt) The alkanolamine salt of boric acid or boric anhydride used in the present invention can be easily prepared by dissolving boric acid or boric anhydride in an aqueous alkanolamine solution equivalent to the neutralization equivalent of boric acid or boric anhydride. The alkanolamine salt of boric acid or boric anhydride obtained as described above is effective for improving the releasability and does not deposit on the mold. The content of the alkanolamine salt of boric acid or boric anhydride is 0.1% of the total amount of the lubricant.
It is from 0.01 to 25% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight.

The alkanolamines used for producing alkanolamine salts of boric acid or boric anhydride include, for example, the following. Monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N, N-
Dimethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N-methylpropanolamine, N-ethylpropanolamine, N, N-dimethylpropanolamine, N, N-diethylpropanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-methyldipropanolamine, N-
Ethyl dipropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol, N-propylethanolamine, N-
Propylpropanolamine, 2-aminopropanol, N-cyclohexylethanolamine, N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, N-cyclohexylpropanolamine, N-cyclohexyldipropanolamine.

(Additives) The lubricant for warm / hot plastic working of the present invention may contain, if necessary, an antibacterial / antifungal agent, an antifoaming agent, a metal rust / corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant and the like. Can be added. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving performance such as seizure prevention when used under more severe processing conditions, extreme pressure additives,
Metal soap such as calcium stearate, polyethylene wax emulsion, polyethylene wax powder,
Organic powders such as polyamide powder, polyimide powder, and polyethylene terephthalate powder can also be added.

[0016]

The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples. In order to clarify the performance of the lubricant for warm / hot plastic working of the present invention, sample liquids (Example products Nos. 1 to 8) relating to Examples having the respective compositions shown in Table 1 and Table 2 Sample liquids according to the comparative examples having the respective compositions shown (Comparative Examples No. 1 to No. 1)
Regarding 4), a performance test of each item described below and its evaluation were performed. In Tables 1 and 2, trimellitate, isophthalate and adipate all represent sodium salts of equivalent neutralization. In Table 1, the sodium salt of the copolymer of olefin and maleic anhydride indicates the sodium salt of Isovan [product of Kuraray Co., Ltd.], and the thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0017]

[Table 1]

[0018]

[Table 2]

(1) Test Items, Test Conditions and Performance Evaluation The test items and test conditions of this performance test are as follows. Lubricity The friction coefficient was measured by a ring compression test. That is,
Φ80 × 100mm mold (SKD-61) set on a 160t press (KOMATUMAYPRESS)
After heating to 200 ° C., 6 ml of a 10-fold water dilution of the sample is spray-coated on the contact surfaces of the upper and lower mold rings. Next, a ring heated to 1100 ° C. (S45C,
(φ30 × φ10 × 10 mm) was quickly placed between the upper and lower molds and pressed. The calculation of the coefficient of friction was performed using a calibration curve presented by Kosakada et al. (Kosakada et al., Spring Working Paper Collection, 445). Table 3 shows the results.

[0020]

[Table 3]

A sample containing a combination of trimellitate and adipate or isophthalate and a salt of a copolymer of olefin and maleic anhydride (Example product No.
1-6) are carboxylate salts (Comparative Example Nos. 1-3)
Shows a lower coefficient of friction. Further, a sample to which an alkanolamine salt of boric acid was added (Example products Nos. 7 and 8)
Means that the coefficient of friction is further reduced.

Cooling property A thermocouple heated to 700 ° C. was cooled at 30 ° C.
It was immersed in a double water diluent, and the temperature of the thermocouple over time was recorded to obtain a cooling curve (time-temperature). The results are shown in FIG. Example product No. 1 in which a polycarboxylate and a salt of a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride were used in combination. No. 6 shows good cooling performance equivalent to water. On the other hand, Comparative Example No. No. using a combination of a polycarboxylate and a thickener was used. No. 4 is water and Example product No. 6, the cooling performance is significantly inferior.

(2) Test Example In order to clarify the performance of the lubricant for warm / hot plastic working of the present invention, the performance was evaluated by applying the lubricant to actual forging.
Automotive parts by 2000t press (Material: S45C)
(Material temperature: 1150 to 1200 ° C., mold material: SKD-61, mold temperature: 200 to 250 ° C.). The lubricant is the same as that of Example No. 6, no. 8 and Comparative Example No. Each of the 10-fold water dilutions of No. 4 was applied to the mold by air spray. As a result of the processing, the example product No. 6 and no. No. 8 exhibited good lubricity and releasability without product defects such as underfill due to the generation of mold deposits and the like, and without cracks. On the other hand, Comparative Example No. In No. 4, the crater due to poor releasability was observed, and the mold life was as shown in Example No. 6 and no. About 30% lower than 8.

[0024]

As described above, the lubricant for warm and hot plastic working of the present invention exhibits excellent lubricity and mold release properties, has excellent cooling properties, and has excellent tool and metal properties. The life of the mold can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the performance of lowering the temperature of a heated sample for an example product and a comparative example product of the present invention.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI C10M 139: 00) C10N 10:02 30:00 30:06 40:24 (56) References JP-A-6-212184 (JP, A) JP-A-63-89592 (JP, A) JP-A-3-265694 (JP, A) JP-A-4-246499 (JP, A) JP-A-3-263497 (JP, A) (58) Survey Field (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C10M 173/02 C10M 105/22-105/30 C10M 139/00 C10N 40:24 CA (STN)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A (a) an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salts of trimellitic acid, at least selected from alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salt of (b) adipic acid or iso full <br/> barrel acid A lubricant for hot or hot forging, comprising at least one kind of (c) an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride, and (d) water. Wherein (a) an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salts of trimellitic acid, at least selected from alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salt of (b) adipic acid or iso full <br/> barrel acid At least one of (c) an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a copolymer of an olefin and maleic anhydride, (e) an alkanolamine salt of boric acid or boric acid, and (d) water. A lubricant for warm or hot forging. 3. The ratio between the content of component (a) trimellitate and the content of component (b) carboxylate is 1 /
99-95 / 5, and component (a) and component (b)
The content of the composition with the polycarboxylate is 0.1 to 40 parts by weight when the total amount of the lubricant is 100 parts by weight, and the alkali metal of the copolymer of the component (c) olefin and maleic anhydride is used. The lubricant for warm or hot forging according to claim 1, wherein the content of the alkaline earth metal salt is 0.1 to 35 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the lubricant. 4. The warm-up process according to claim 2, wherein the content of the alkanolamine salt of the component (e) boric acid or boric anhydride is 0.01 to 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the lubricant. Or a lubricant for hot forging.