JP2948302B2 - Dry cleaning machine - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a dry cleaning machine effective for preventing pollution of dry cleaning.

(Prior Art) A conventional dry cleaning apparatus is configured as shown in FIG. 3, and a cleaning step includes a cleaning step, a liquid removing step, a drying step, and a deodorizing step.

First, in the cleaning step, the object to be washed 01 is perchlorethylene,
1.1.1 Immerse in highly volatile solvents such as trichloroethane, R11 and R113 to remove dirt. Further, in the liquid removing step, the washing drum 02 is rotated at a high speed to centrifuge the solvent. In the drying process, the air inside the cleaning device is circulated by the fan 03.
Thereby, the water is passed through the water-cooled cooler 04 and the heater 05 and circulated into the washing drum 02.

That is, the temperature of the air is raised by the heater 05 to evaporate the solvent adhering to the article 01 to be washed, and the evaporated solvent gas is guided to the water-cooled cooler 04 to be cooled to about 32 to 35 ° C. Thus, the solvent gas is condensed and liquefied and recovered. However, the solvent gas contained in the air is better removed as the cooling temperature is lower due to the saturation concentration. Therefore, for example, when the solvent is perchlorethylene, the concentration of the solvent contained in the air is reduced at a cooling temperature of about 35 ° C.
It cannot be reduced to 250 g / m ² or less.
Strong odor remains in 1. Therefore, in the deodorization step, in order to remove the odor and cool the object 01 to be washed, the fresh air damper 06 is opened to take in the outside air, and the outside air is brought into contact with the object 01 to be diluted to dilute the solvent gas concentration. The air is discharged outside from the exhaust damper 07.

Although this exhaust gas was diluted, it was initially tens of thousands of ppm.
Solvent gas is discharged to the tank and air pollution occurs.Therefore, for the purpose of countermeasures and resource saving by solvent recovery, a solvent adsorption tank 09 is provided via a duct 08, and the solvent gas is stored in the tank 09. Only clean air is released to the atmosphere by adsorbing on the activated carbon layer 010 provided. The solvent adsorption tank 09
When the activated carbon reaches saturation with the adsorbed solvent gas, the activated carbon is sprayed with steam from a steam pipe 011 to evaporate the solvent and perform so-called desorption. The evaporated solvent gas is guided to the water-cooled condenser 012 to be condensed and liquefied, and is separated and recovered by the water separator 013 into a recovered solvent and water. After the desorption step, the drying fan 014 is operated to start a drying step for drying the activated carbon layer 010, and the activated carbon layer 010 is regenerated to prepare for the next adsorption step.

In the washing step, as shown in FIG. 4, between the treatment tank 021 having the washing drum (indicated by 02 in FIG. 3) and the solvent filter 025 is provided in the solvent filter 025 via the valve 023 by the solvent pump 022. Through the filter element 026,
A cleaning liquid such as perchlorethylene is circulated through the processing tank 021. The solvent filter 025 mainly filters solids.
After circulating for a certain period of time, the detergent, oily dirt, and other dirt that could not be filtered with the solvent filter 025 are sent to the distiller 027 via the valve 024 and distilled, and the solvent is reused. Open the lid of 028 and clean. The solvent filter 025 also needs to be replaced periodically due to clogging of the filter element 026.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The growing public interest in pollution prevention and the accompanying tightening of regulations have created a need for strict responses in the dry cleaner industry. In the case of perchlorethylene, the amount of gas released into the atmosphere is 50 ppm or less (Kanagawa prefectural regulations), and it is expected that regulatory values below that will be required in the future. The working environment is 50 ppm or less (Occupational Safety and Health Law), and effluent is 0.1 ppm or less (Water Pollution Control Law).

In such an environment, it is important not to exhaust first.However, in the above-mentioned conventional machine, since the solvent gas in the exhaust gas at the time of deodorization is discharged outside the machine, it is proportional to the air volume even through activated carbon. The released solvent is released to the atmosphere. On the other hand, even at the start of drying of activated carbon, the regulation value is greatly exceeded (initial breakthrough), but this is actually ignored. In addition, steam is directly sprayed on the regeneration (desorption) of the activated carbon, but the amount of the condensed water is large, and therefore a large-sized processing apparatus is required to treat the solvent contained in the water.

Also, when performing maintenance such as replacement of the filter element of the solvent filter or cleaning of the distiller, a large amount of solvent is absorbed by the cartridge type filter element (hereinafter, referred to as the filter element) made of filter paper. Means solvent loss immediately,
There is a problem that the solvent gas is scattered and the working environment is deteriorated. Further, since the inside of the still is heated, the solvent gas present in a gaseous state is released to the outside of the apparatus at the moment when the cleaning port is opened, which also causes the working environment to deteriorate.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems.

(Means for Solving the Problems) Therefore, the present invention provides a dry cleaning machine that has a circulation path including a blower, an air cooler, an air heater, and a processing tank, and uses perchlorethylene or the like. Connected via an air heater and a duct on the cleaning machine side, in the deodorization step of the cleaning step, which proceeds with washing, drying and deodorization, a closed loop path for circulating between the activated carbon and the processing tank in a closed loop and adsorbing the solvent gas to the activated carbon is provided, And the activated carbon adsorption tank is connected to a blower, an air heater, and a refrigerator-type cooler through respective ducts, and has a desorption / recovery closed loop path for desorbing and recovering a solvent such as perchlorethylene adsorbed on the activated carbon by hot air. With a cleaning machine, an inlet / outlet pipe is provided in a distillation machine for distilling the washed solvent, and the desorption / collection path is provided. It connects and circulates between the distiller in a closed circuit to recover the solvent gas in the distiller, which is intended to solve the problem.

Further, the present invention is a dry cleaning machine having a circulation path including a blower, an air cooler, an air heater, and a treatment tank, and using a perchlor ethylene or the like. In the deodorizing step of the cleaning step, which is connected, washing, drying, and deodorizing, an activated closed loop path for circulating the activated carbon and the treatment tank in a closed loop to adsorb the solvent gas to the activated carbon is provided, and the activated carbon adsorption tank is blower, air heater, A dry cleaner machine having a desorption / recovery closed loop path connected to a refrigerator-type cooler through each duct to desorb and recover a solvent such as perchlor ethylene adsorbed on the activated carbon by hot air, and removes the solvent during cleaning. Provide an inlet / outlet pipe for the solvent filter to be filtered, connect to the desorption circuit, and circulate in a closed circuit between the filters. Made of so as to recover the solvent gas in the filter Te, it is an unit for which a problem solution.

Further, the present invention is a dry cleaning machine having a circulation path including a blower, an air cooler, an air heater, and a treatment tank, and using a perchlor ethylene or the like, wherein the activated carbon adsorption tank is connected to an air heater and a duct on the dry cleaning machine side. In the deodorizing step of the cleaning step, which is connected, washing, drying, and deodorizing, an activated closed loop path for circulating the activated carbon and the treatment tank in a closed loop to adsorb the solvent gas to the activated carbon is provided, and the activated carbon adsorption tank is blower, air heater, Distill the washed solvent with a dry cleaning machine equipped with a desorption / recovery closed loop path that is connected to a refrigerator-type cooler via each duct and desorbs and recovers the solvent such as perchlor ethylene adsorbed on the activated carbon by hot air. Provide an inlet / outlet pipe for the distillation machine, connect it to the desorption recovery path, and circulate between the distillation machines in a closed circuit. The distillation flight of the solvent gas is recovered Te,
Further, an inlet / outlet pipe is provided in a solvent filter for filtering a solvent during washing, and connected to the desorption circuit to circulate in a closed circuit between the filters to collect the solvent gas in the filter. This is a means for solving the problem.

(Function) In the present invention, the gas discharged from the activated carbon in the deodorizing step is kept at a low concentration in order to eliminate gas emission to the atmosphere, and the gas is blown onto the clothing to deodorize the clothing. . That is, since gas is circulated between the treatment tank and the activated carbon, the atmospheric emission is zero.

On the other hand, in order to recover the solvent adsorbed on the activated carbon, hot air is generated by an air heater, and the hot air (about 100 to 120 ° C.) desorbs the solvent from the activated carbon. The desorbed solvent is condensed and liquefied by a refrigerator-type cooler. Liquefied and low concentration gas,
Further, by circulating as hot air, recovery becomes possible. Since drying after desorption is the same closed loop, there is no atmospheric release during drying. A circuit for circulating between the air heater and the refrigerator cooler is connected to the solvent filter and the evaporator, respectively, to collect the solvent.

Conventionally, the gas that has passed through the activated carbon has been released as it is, but in this conventional case, the chance of contact between the activated carbon and the solvent gas is only once, so a large amount of activated carbon was required. In the case of recovering in a closed loop as in the present invention, the chance of contact between the activated carbon and the solvent gas increases, so that the amount of the activated carbon is reduced. Since the solvent adsorbed on the activated carbon is desorbed by hot air from an air heater, most of the solvent is condensed and recovered, and the recovery energy is small. That is, at the time of steam desorption, condensation of the steam (539 kcal / kg) and condensation of the solvent (50 kcal / kg in the case of perchlor ethylene) were necessary. Yes, and the amount of water generated is within a negligible range. In addition, since drying and cooling after desorption are performed in the same closed loop, there is no release to the atmosphere, and there is no initial breakthrough. However, since it is necessary to lower the temperature for condensation and recovery, cooling with a refrigerator is essential.

By connecting and circulating the air-heater for removing and activating the activated carbon and the solvent filter, the filter element in the solvent filter is heated by the hot air of the air heater, and the solvent is gasified to form the solvent-based cooler. To collect and condense and liquefy. If this operation is performed for a certain period of time and the cartridge filter is replaced thereafter, solvent loss is eliminated, and there is no extraneous scattering. On the other hand, if the gas in the still is guided to the refrigerator-type cooler and collected, and the lid is opened, scattering outside the machine is eliminated.

(Embodiments) The present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments in the drawings.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a dry cleaner showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the same step. Note that the drying and recovery of the solvent filter and the recovery of gas in the still are subject to maintenance and are operations other than steps, and are not directly related to FIG. The dry cleaning process is roughly divided into washing, drying,
Deodorization proceeds, but the relationship with the activated carbon recovery process of the present invention is second.
As shown in the figure, hot air desorption of activated carbon is performed during washing and drying in dry cleaning, and then the activated carbon is cooled to recover the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. In addition, the deodorizing step of the dry cleaner becomes the activated carbon adsorption step as it is.

In FIG. 1, the washing step is performed after putting clothing in the treatment tank 1 and washing with an organic solvent such as perchlorethylene, and then squeezing out the solvent in the clothing by ordinary centrifugal drainage. Next, in the drying step, air is generated by the blower 2, heated by the air heater 5, and sprayed on clothing. The solvent gas evaporated from the clothing is condensed and liquefied by the air cooler 3 and collected. This liquid is led to a water separator and reused (not shown). Thus, the drying step is to continue the processing tank 1, the blower 2, the air cooler 3, the damper 4, the air heater 5, the processing tank inlet 20, and the gas circulation.

Next, a deodorizing step is performed to remove the solvent (1% or less of the weight of the clothing) remaining in the clothing. In the deodorizing step, the gas is circulated through the processing tank 1, blower 2, air cooler 3, damper 4, duct 19, activated carbon tank 7, damper 12, and processing tank inlet 20.
The gas leaving activated carbon has a higher concentration than the outside air, but has a concentration of 50 ppm or less. When this is brought into contact with clothing (not shown) in the treatment tank, the solvent in the clothing evaporates.

In this case, the recovery by the air cooler 3 cannot be expected much because of the concentration, but the gas is adsorbed by the activated carbon 6. If this repetition is continued, all the solvent components adhering to the wall surface and the path of the processing tank 1 as well as the clothing are led to the activated carbon to be adsorbed and collected. Moreover, since the gas is circulated closed, no gas is exhausted outside the machine. The outlet concentration of activated carbon varies depending on the gas concentration and temperature on the activated carbon (generally referred to as equilibrium adsorption). However, in the case of air release, the contact with activated carbon is one chance, and the activated carbon is closed. In the case of circulation, it is repeated many times. Therefore, in the case of atmospheric release,
In order to determine the amount of activated carbon, it is necessary to safely design the activated carbon using many times the amount of equilibrium adsorption (about 3 to 4 times),
In the case of closed, it may be about 1.5 to 2 times. It is also effective to guide the gas exiting the activated carbon tank 7 to the upper part of the air heater 5 and to enter the processing tank 1 through the air heater 5 in the recovery path in order to increase the deodorizing effect by utilizing the heat of the air heater 5. It is.

The desorption / recovery system for activated carbon consists of a blower 8, a refrigerator-type cooler 9, and an air heater 11, which generates a wind in the blower 8,
The air is heated by the air heater 11. The air heater 11 is a heat exchanger that sends steam via a steam valve 14 to generate hot weather, and heats and desorbs activated carbon with hot air. The evaporated solvent gas is led to the refrigerator-type cooler 9 via the duct 18, the blower 8 and the duct 17. The cooler 9 is an evaporator in the refrigerator system 10, and usually cools at 0 ° C. or lower, and the condensed and liquefied solvent is sent to a water separator (not shown) via a pipe 15.

The gas whose concentration has been reduced is sent from the duct 16 to the air heater 11 and becomes hot air again.
Desorption energy. After a certain period of time of this collection, when the steam valve 14 of the air heater 11 is closed, the system is gradually cooled,
The temperature of the activated carbon also decreases, and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon 6 is restored. This temperature should be below 30 ° C, ideally close to 0 ° C.
This is the activated carbon cooling step. With this, preparations are made for dealing with the load due to the deodorization of the dry cleaning.

In this desorption / cooling step, a water-cooled cooler (not shown) is provided between the blower 8 and the refrigerator-type cooler 9,
It is practical and effective to assist the load of the refrigerator-type cooler 9.

Further, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1, a duct 21 that bypasses the refrigerator-type cooler 9 may be added. In this case, in the desorption step, blower 8 → duct 21 → air heater 11 → activated carbon tank 7
→ Circulate through the closed loop path of the blower 8 and evaporate the solvent from the activated carbon 6 by hot air desorption of the air heater 11 so that the concentration becomes the maximum desorbable concentration.

Then blower 8 → refrigeration cooler 9 → air heater 11 →
The solvent is circulated through the closed loop path from the activated carbon tank 7 to the blower 8 to condense and recover the desorbed solvent and further desorb undesorbed components.

Next, as soon as the desorption is completed, the air heater 11 is turned off to perform cooling, and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon 6 is restored.

During maintenance (replacement) of the solvent filter, the gas flows through the blower 8, the refrigerator-type cooler 9, the air heater 11, the duct 22, the valve 32, the duct 26, and flows into the solvent filter 28. Is blown to evaporate the solvent from the filter element 29. The solvent gas is circulated from the duct 18 to the blower 8 via the duct 24, the valve 33, and the duct 23. The solvent gas is condensed in the refrigerator-type cooler 9 and is recovered via the pipe 15. It is practical to carry out this circulation for about 30 minutes to 1 hour, but it goes without saying that the longer the circulation, the higher the recovery rate. This circulation determines when the solvent filter 28 becomes clogged.
If the washing is performed 300 to 400 times, it is generally better to perform the washing once every half month to once a month.

Next, the recovery of the solvent gas in the still will be described. The gas flow was blower 8, refrigerator type cooler 9, air heater 11,
The flow is from the duct 22 and the valve 32 to the duct 27, and flows from the duct 27 to the still 30 and then circulates from the duct 25, the valve 33, and the duct 23 through the duct 18. Also in this case, the hot air of the air heater 11 is sent to the still 30 to guide the solvent gas itself present in the still, while the solvent in the distillation sludge is also evaporated and sent to the refrigerator-type cooler 9.
Here, it is condensed and recovered. After performing this operation for about 10 minutes,
If the cleaning port 31 is opened and the sludge is scraped out, scattering of the solvent gas to the outside of the machine is minimized.

In the present invention, the distillation apparatus 30 for distilling the washed solvent is used.
An inlet / outlet pipe is provided and connected to the desorption recovery path,
A solvent circuit in the distiller is recovered by circulating between the distillers in a closed circuit, and an inlet / outlet pipe is provided in a solvent filter 28 for filtering the solvent during washing, and connected to the desorption circuit in a closed circuit between the filters. The solvent gas in the filter is recovered by circulation.

(Effect of the Invention) As described above in detail, in the present invention, there is no exhaust in the deodorizing step of clothing, so there is no concern about air pollution. In addition, because of closed deodorization, it is natural that there is no odor of clothing (generally, 30 to 50 ppm is the limit of odor). As described above, in the present invention, since the activated carbon desorption recovery is performed in a closed manner, there is no initial breakthrough (several thousand ppm even temporarily) in drying after steam desorption as in the related art. Also, since hot air is used for desorption instead of direct injection of steam, the water content in the condensate is extremely small. In the case of the conventional steam desorption, 3 to 4 kg of steam is required for recovering 1 kg of the solvent, and the waste water is used as the waste. Since this is eliminated in the present invention, the apparatus for treating wastewater can be made compact, and the wastewater from a dry cleaner equipped with a conventional steam desorption / recovery apparatus can be used.
In contrast to 0 cc / kg clothing, in the present invention it is 20 cc / kg clothing. In the case of the present invention, the amount of the solvent adhering to the filter element in the solvent filter is several kg, but most of the solvent can be recovered. Therefore, the element becomes lighter and the maintenance becomes easier. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the solvent loss outflow to the outside is reduced. On the other hand, cleaning of the distiller is the most reluctant maintenance of the cleaning operation. However, in the present invention, the odor is reduced by recovering the solvent in the distiller, so that the cleaning becomes easier and the solvent loss is reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a dry cleaning machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the dry cleaning step and the activated carbon recovery step in the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a conventional exhaust type activated carbon recovery machine. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the relationship between a conventional cleaning solvent filter and a still. Description of main parts in the drawing 1 ... Treatment tank, 2 ... Blower 3 ... Air cooler, 4 ... Damper 5 ... Air heater, 6 ... Activated carbon 7 ... Activated carbon tank, 8 ... Blower 9 ... Refrigerator type Cooler, 10 Refrigerator 11 Air heater 28 Solvent filter 29 Filter element 30 Distiller 31 Cleaning port

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A dry cleaning machine having a circulation path comprising a blower, an air cooler, an air heater, and a treatment tank, and using a perchlorethylene or the like, wherein the activated carbon adsorption tank is connected to an air heater on the dry cleaning machine side through a duct. In the deodorizing step of the cleaning step, which is connected, washing, drying, and deodorizing, an activated closed loop path for circulating the activated carbon and the treatment tank in a closed loop to adsorb the solvent gas to the activated carbon is provided, and the activated carbon adsorption tank is blower, air heater, Distill the washed solvent with a dry cleaning machine equipped with a desorption / recovery closed loop path that is connected to a refrigerator-type cooler via each duct and desorbs and recovers the solvent such as perchlor ethylene adsorbed on the activated carbon by hot air. Provide an inlet / outlet pipe to the distillation machine, connect to the desorption recovery path, and circulate between the distillation machines in a closed circuit. Dry cleaning machine and recovering the distillation cabin solvent gas. 2. A dry cleaning machine having a circulation path comprising a blower, an air cooler, an air heater, and a processing tank, and using a perchlorethylene or the like, wherein the activated carbon adsorption tank is connected to an air heater and a duct on the dry cleaning machine side. In the deodorizing step of the cleaning step, which is connected, washing, drying, and deodorizing, an activated closed loop path for circulating the activated carbon and the treatment tank in a closed loop to adsorb the solvent gas to the activated carbon is provided, and the activated carbon adsorption tank is blower, air heater, A dry cleaner machine having a desorption / recovery closed loop path connected to a refrigerator-type cooler through each duct to desorb and recover a solvent such as perchlor ethylene adsorbed on the activated carbon by hot air, and removes the solvent during cleaning. Provide an inlet / outlet pipe for the solvent filter to be filtered, connect to the desorption circuit and circulate in a closed circuit between the filters. Dry cleaning machine, and recovering the solvent gas in the filter. 3. A dry-cleaning machine having a circulation path comprising a blower, an air cooler, an air heater, and a treatment tank, and using a perchlorethylene or the like, wherein the activated carbon adsorption tank is connected to an air heater and a duct on the dry-cleaning machine side. In the deodorizing step of the cleaning step, which is connected, washing, drying, and deodorizing, an activated closed loop path for circulating the activated carbon and the treatment tank in a closed loop to adsorb the solvent gas to the activated carbon is provided, and the activated carbon adsorption tank is blower, air heater, Distill the washed solvent with a dry cleaning machine equipped with a desorption / recovery closed loop path that is connected to a refrigerator-type cooler via each duct and desorbs and recovers the solvent such as perchlor ethylene adsorbed on the activated carbon by hot air. Provide an inlet / outlet pipe to the distillation machine, connect to the desorption recovery path, and circulate between the distillation machines in a closed circuit. A solvent filter for collecting the solvent gas in the distillation machine and filtering the solvent during washing is provided with an inlet / outlet pipe, connected to the desorption circuit and circulated in a closed circuit between the filters to collect the solvent gas in the filter. A dry cleaning machine characterized by the following.