JP2600367B2 - Air turbo ram jet engine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an air turbo ramjet engine used for a space shuttle or the like.

[Prior Art] FIG. 5 shows a general air turbo ram jet engine 1
In the figure, reference numeral 2 denotes a precooler, 3 denotes a hydrogen heating unit, 4 denotes a compressor, 5 denotes a ring disposed on the outer periphery of the compressor 4, and a drive transmission mechanism (not shown). A turbine 6 that can drive-transmit to the rotor blades 13 of the compressor 4 indicates a combustion chamber.

A very low temperature liquid hydrogen 7 held at a high pressure is led to the precooler 2 by a pump or the like (not shown), and is used for cooling the air 8 taken into the air turbo ram jet engine 1, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen 7 itself is raised. The hydrogen gas 7 ′ is introduced into the hydrogen heating section 3 formed in the engine casing 9 behind the combustion chamber 6, and the hydrogen gas 7 ′ is exchanged with the combustion gas 11 flowing through the engine duct 10 to produce hydrogen gas. The gas 7 ′ is changed to a high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ (in the case of an engine without the precooler 2, the liquid hydrogen 7 directly sent by a pump or the like (not shown) is converted to a high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7). ″). The high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas is guided to a turbine driving gas inlet manifold 12, and the flow drives the turbine 5. When the turbine 5 is driven, the compressor 4 is driven by a drive transmission mechanism (not shown), and the air 8 Is sucked, compressed and made to flow backward. Thereby, the air 8 compressed by the compressor 4 and the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ discharged from the turbine 5 are mixed and burned in the combustion chamber 6, It becomes high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas 11, flows backward in the engine duct 10, expands at the outlet of the rear nozzle 14 of the air turbo ram jet engine 1, and generates thrust.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Here, in order to adopt the above-described air turbo ramjet engine 1 to a device requiring high performance and high output, such as a space shuttle, a turbine driving gas It is necessary to guide the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ to be introduced to the inlet manifold 12 at a higher temperature than before, but as in the above-described conventional structure,
When the liquid hydrogen 7 or the hydrogen gas 7 'is heated by the hydrogen heating unit 3 formed in the engine casing 9, the heat transfer coefficient is small and sufficient heating cannot be obtained.

For this purpose, as a method of increasing the heat exchange area, it is considered to dispose a hydrogen heater inside the engine duct 10 behind the combustion chamber 6. But the engine duct 10
Since the internal heat load was very large, the support for the hydrogen heater could not withstand the heat load, and could not be provided inside the engine duct 10.

The present invention provides an air turbo ram jet engine equipped with a hydrogen heater that does not require a supporting material and is supported inside the engine duct by the heat transfer tube itself, so that the hydrogen gas guided to the turbine is heated to a higher temperature than before. The aim is to significantly improve engine performance.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention heat-exchanges liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas held at high pressure with combustion gas at the rear of a combustion chamber to produce high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, and uses the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas to operate a turbine. An air turbo that drives and mixes air compressed by a compressor that is rotated by driving of the turbine with hydrogen gas discharged from the turbine and burns it, and expands high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas generated by the combustion to generate thrust. In a ramjet engine, an introduction part for introducing liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas into the engine duct through an engine casing at the rear of the combustion chamber,
A heat transfer tube comprising a discharge portion that penetrates the engine casing and guides the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas to the turbine, and a circular portion that communicates with the introduction portion and the discharge portion and that is formed in a central portion of the engine duct. A plurality of the circular portions are formed so as to form a cylindrical coil portion in the axial direction of the engine duct, and the introduction portion and the discharge portion are arranged substantially uniformly in the circumferential direction. It is characterized by comprising a hydrogen heater fixed integrally.

[Operation] Therefore, according to the present invention, the liquid hydrogen or the hydrogen gas supplied to each of the inlets of the heat transfer tube is exposed everywhere in the heat transfer tube in the engine duct which is exposed to the extremely high temperature combustion gas. It exchanges heat with the combustion gas to produce high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, which is sent to the turbine via each exhaust unit.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. In an air turbo ram jet engine 1 substantially similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. One end forms an introduction portion 16 penetrating the engine casing 9, and a heat transfer tube 15 that forms a circular portion 17 having a required diameter at the center of the engine duct 10 is provided.
The other end is passed through the engine casing 9 and guided to the outside to form a discharge portion 18. Further, a plurality of the heat transfer tubes 15 formed as described above are closely arranged in the axial direction of the engine duct 10, and the respective heat transfer tubes 15 are brought into contact with each other, and a required portion of the contact portion is spot-welded. Then, the hydrogen heater 19 is formed by integrating and giving strength.

At this time, the circular portions 17 of the heat transfer tubes 15 are aligned with each other so that a cylindrical coil portion is formed in the axial direction of the engine duct 10.
20 and an inlet 16 and an outlet 18 of the heat transfer tube 15.
Are arranged so that the positions penetrating through the engine casing 9 are shifted by a uniform angle (for example, 90 °) in the circumferential direction for each required number, and are arranged uniformly in the circumferential direction.

In addition, each introduction portion 16 of the heat transfer tube 15 is provided with a liquid hydrogen 7 (not shown).
Alternatively, the pipe for introducing the hydrogen gas 7 'is connected to the pipe for guiding the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 "to the turbine.

It is needless to say that the penetrating portion between the heat transfer tube 15 and the engine casing 9 is fixed by welding or the like.

 Hereinafter, the operation will be described.

Hydrogen gas 7 ′ from a pre-cooler (not shown) or liquid hydrogen 7 directly sent by a pump or the like (not shown) in the case of an engine having no pre-cooler is supplied to each heat transfer tube 15.
Of the liquid hydrogen 7
Alternatively, the hydrogen gas 7 ′ is exposed everywhere on the heat transfer tubes 15 in the engine duct 10 exposed to the very hot combustion gas 11,
By performing sufficient heat exchange with the combustion gas 11, high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 "is formed. The high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7" is sent to a turbine (not shown) via each exhaust portion 18.

Note that the heat transfer tube 15 itself is cooled by the liquid hydrogen 7 or the hydrogen gas 7 'flowing therein, so that it can sufficiently withstand the heat load.

Therefore, according to the above, the cylindrical portion 20 for mainly performing heat exchange can be supported on the engine casing 9 by the introduction portion 16 and the discharge portion 18 of the heat transfer tube 15 itself. Hydrogen heater inside engine duct 10 without
19 can be provided, and compared with the hydrogen heating section 3 (see FIG. 5) in the conventional engine casing 9,
Since the heat exchange area can be increased and the heat exchange efficiency can be remarkably improved, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas 7 ″ guided to the turbine can be significantly increased, and the performance of the air turbo ram jet engine 1 can be greatly improved. Can be improved.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show another example of the hydrogen heater of the air turbo ramjet engine of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a single heat transfer tube 15 having a circular section 17 having two rounds. The heat exchange area per one heat transfer tube 15 is further increased, and FIG. 4 shows a structure in which a smaller diameter coil portion 20 ′ is formed inside the cylindrical coil portion 20. In this case, the heat exchange area is further increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is increased.

Further, the shape of the hydrogen heater 19 may be used as the shape of a precooler in the air turbo ramjet engine 1 requiring a precooler.

It should be noted that the air turbo ramjet engine of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the positions at which the inlet and the outlet of the heat transfer tube penetrate the engine casing depend on the amount of heat collected by the heat transfer tube. It can be any position in the direction, and is not limited to being shifted by 90 °, and the compressor can be used regardless of the structure of the turbine part driven by the hydrogen gas heated to high temperature and pressure by the hydrogen heater. Needless to say, a structure in which a turbine interlocked with a shaft is disposed may be used, and various other changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the air turbo ramjet engine of the present invention, various excellent effects as described below can be obtained.

Since the hydrogen heater is supported by the heat transfer tube itself, it is possible to dispose the hydrogen heater inside the engine duct without using a supporting member.

As described above, the heat exchange area can be increased with a smaller structure than in the prior art, and the heat exchange efficiency between the combustion gas and liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas can be significantly improved.

As described above, the temperature of the hydrogen gas guided to the turbine can be increased to a higher temperature and pressure than in the past, so that the performance of the air turbo ramjet engine can be significantly improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an example of a hydrogen heater section of an air turbo ramjet engine of the present invention, and FIG.
II arrow view, FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of the shape of the heat transfer tube, FIG. 4 is a front view showing another example of the shape of the heat transfer tube,
FIG. 5 is a cutaway side view showing an example of a conventional air turbo ramjet engine. In the figure, 1 is an air turbo ram jet engine, 4 is a compressor, 5 is a turbine, 6 is a combustion chamber, 7 is liquid hydrogen, 7 'is hydrogen gas, 7 "is high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas, 8 is air, 9 Denotes an engine casing, 10 denotes an engine duct, 11 denotes a combustion gas, 15 denotes a heat transfer tube, 16 denotes an introduction portion, 17 denotes a circular portion, 18 denotes a discharge portion, 19 denotes a hydrogen heater, and 20 denotes a coil portion.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A high-pressure, high-pressure hydrogen gas is produced by heat-exchanging liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas held at a high pressure with a combustion gas at the rear of a combustion chamber, and a turbine is driven by the high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen gas.
An air turbo ram jet engine that mixes air compressed by a compressor rotated by driving of the turbine with hydrogen gas discharged from the turbine and burns the fuel, and expands high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas generated by the combustion to generate thrust. An introduction portion for introducing liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas into the engine duct through the engine casing at the rear of the combustion chamber,
A heat transfer tube comprising a discharge portion that penetrates the engine casing and guides the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas to the turbine, and a circular portion that communicates with the introduction portion and the discharge portion and that is formed in a central portion of the engine duct. A plurality of the circular portions are formed so as to form a cylindrical coil portion in the axial direction of the engine duct, and the introduction portion and the discharge portion are arranged substantially uniformly in the circumferential direction. An air turbo ramjet engine comprising a hydrogen heater fixed integrally.