JP2683286B2 - Floor and wall structures and buildings combining them - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a floor and wall structure in a wooden building and a building formed by combining them.

[Conventional technology]

As shown in FIG. 39, the conventional Japanese building does not consider bracing, and adopts a gate structure (ramen structure) composed of square pillars 35 and beams 36. Then, the bending force at the penetrating member 37 penetrating the thick column 35 or the penetrating portion at the end of the beam 36 is opposed. However, since thin materials have been used for the pillars 35 and the piercing members 37, the quadrangle formed by the pillars 35 and the beams 36 becomes a parallelogram if the contact points are not rigid when a seismic force or wind force is applied from the side. Because of the deformation, braces have come to be used.

As such a structure, as shown in FIG.
The horizontal timbers 31 and 32 are struck and fixed with a large number of nails 33, and the braces 34 are diagonally arranged so that the nails 33 are attached to the timbers 31 and 32.
It is fixed with (tensile braces). Further, as shown in FIG. 35, there is also a structure in which the mounting positions for the vertical and horizontal square members 31, 32 are changed and the braces 34 are struck and fixed (compression bracing).

In addition, a building using the two-by-four method, which is one of the Western-style buildings, uses 2x4 inch timbers, which are combined vertically, horizontally, and diagonally, and nails and metal fittings are used as described above. It has a structure that is attached and fixed.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional Japanese-style building, all of them have a quadrangular structure and no triangular portion, and there are many thick pillars, or the strength is only improved by the partial braces 34. There is a problem in that structural calculation considering the seismic structure of an object has not been performed sufficiently, it lacks seismic resistance, and moreover, the dimensions must be measured on site to assemble the materials.

In addition, in the building by the two-by-four method,
Similarly, there is a problem that the structural calculation is not sufficient, the earthquake resistance is insufficient, and the nails and metal fittings are used, the iron rusts and the strength is lacking.

An object of the present invention is to construct a floor and wall structure of a building, which has sufficient structural calculation, has seismic resistance based on the rigid structure, and can be easily assembled by combining predetermined materials, and a combination thereof. Is to provide the building.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, as a floor structure, a square pillar-shaped upper and lower member provided with notches having oblique portions at predetermined intervals on one side surface, and both ends are engaged with the oblique portions. A vertical member having a rectangular prism shape provided with an engaging portion having an inclined portion and an oblique member whose both ends can be locked at an intersection when the upper and lower members and the vertical member are orthogonally arranged are cut into the upper and lower members. A pair is arranged at each of the upper position and the lower position so that the notches face each other, and the upper and lower members and the vertical members are arranged orthogonally by engaging the engaging portions of the vertical members with the facing notches. Means for forming trusses having a large number of triangular shapes by diagonally assembling the diagonal members at the intersections of the vertical members with the vertical members, arranging the trusses in a grid pattern, and placing the floorboard on the trusses. Has been adopted.

Further, in the present invention, as a wall structure, a pair of quadrangular furring edges provided with recesses at predetermined intervals on one side surface, and a rectangular column provided with recesses engaging with the recesses on both front and rear surfaces. And at the intersection when the furring strip and the pillar are arranged orthogonally, the end portions of the braces are sandwiched between the pair of furring strips in a stepped shape, and the furring strip is placed so that the cutouts face each other. The pairs are arranged at the position and the lower position respectively, and the furrow and the pillar are orthogonally arranged by engaging the furrow of the furrow with the furrow of the pillar, and the braces are diagonally arranged at the intersections of the furrow and the pillar. It is possible to employ a means of forming a framework having a large number of triangles by assembling it into the.

Further, as a building, the unit length is the distance between the furring strips and the furring strips, the spacing between pillars, and the spacing between trusses formed in a grid pattern, and the diagonal portions are formed on one side surface at predetermined spacings. A rectangular pillar-shaped upper and lower member provided with a notch, a rectangular pillar-shaped vertical member provided with engaging portions each having an inclined portion that engages with the inclined portion at both ends, and the upper and lower members and the vertical member are arranged orthogonally. The diagonal members whose both ends can be locked at the intersections when the upper and lower members are respectively arranged at the upper position and the lower position so that the notches face each other, and the diagonal members are perpendicular to the opposing notches. The upper and lower members and the vertical member are arranged orthogonally by engaging the engaging portions of the members, and the diagonal members are assembled diagonally at the intersections of the upper and lower members and the vertical member, thereby forming a truss having a large number of triangular shapes. Formed floor structure and square columnar shape with notches provided on one side at prescribed intervals A pair of furring strips, a rectangular column having a notch on both front and rear surfaces for engaging with the notch, and a bracing between the pair of furring strips at an intersection when the furring strip and the column are arranged orthogonally. The end portions of the furrow are stepped and sandwiched, and the furring strips are arranged in pairs at upper and lower positions so that the furrows face each other. It is preferable that the furring strip and the pillar are arranged orthogonally by combining, and that the braces are diagonally assembled at the intersections of the furring strip and the pillar to combine with a wall structure forming a framework having a large number of triangles. Is.

[Action]

By adopting the above-mentioned means, upper and lower materials having a predetermined shape and a certain size, vertical materials and diagonal materials are prepared in advance by machining, and these three types of materials are sequentially combined to form a large number of triangular combinations. The floor structure is constructed, and the structural calculation of the structure can be done easily.
Even if the contact point is not a rigid contact point, it does not deform unless each material itself expands and contracts, whereby a rigid structure can be formed, and thus a floor structure having excellent earthquake resistance can be easily constructed.

In addition, similarly, a furring strip, columns and braces of a certain size are prepared in advance, and by combining these, a wall structure having a large number of triangular shapes is constructed, and the structural calculation of the structure can be reliably performed, and seismic resistance can be ensured. A wall structure having excellent properties can be formed.

Therefore, the building obtained by combining the floor structure and the wall structure with the distance between the furring strips and the furring strips, the spacing between the pillars and the spacing between the trusses formed in a grid pattern and the trusses as a unit length is It has rigidity and excellent earthquake resistance.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

First, the floor structure will be described. The materials constituting the floor structure are upper and lower members, vertical members and diagonal members. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and 9 to 13, the upper and lower members 1 are arranged horizontally at a predetermined interval at an upper position and a lower position, usually at an interval of 50 cm. Notch 2 having a slanted portion 2a as shown in FIG. 2 is formed on one side surface thereof at regular intervals. When the notches 2 of the upper and lower members 1 are arranged so as to face each other, the oblique portions 2a are the upper and lower members 1 on the upper side.
In the above, the gap between the notches 2 is formed so that the width becomes narrower toward the upper part, and the upper and lower members 1 on the lower side are formed so as to become narrower toward the lower part. At the ends of the upper and lower members 1, a mounting portion 3 which is cut out in an L-shaped cross section is provided.

Further, the notch 2 is provided with a screw stop hole 9 through which the screw 8 is inserted. In addition, FIG. 9 shows the upper and lower materials 1.
FIG. 10 is a front view, FIG. 10 is a rear view, FIG. 11 is a plan view,
The figure is a bottom view and FIG. 13 is a right side view, and the left side view is symmetrical with the right side view.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 14 to 16, the vertical member 4 is a quadrangular prism, and the front and rear both surfaces are inclined at both ends inwardly (center side). An inner locking portion 5 as an engaging portion having 5a is provided, and on the outer side of the inner locking portion 5, there are inclined portions 6a on the front and rear surfaces in a direction orthogonal to the inclined portion 5a, the inner diameter of which is reduced toward the inside. An outer locking portion 6 as an engaging portion is provided. Further, a screw stopper hole 9 for inserting a screw 8 is provided through the inner locking portion 5 as an engaging portion at one end, and a similar screw is formed in the outer locking portion 6 as an engaging portion at the other end. A stop hole 9 is provided.

The vertical members 4 are normally arranged at intervals of 50 cm between the upper and lower members 1. In addition, FIG. 16 is a front view showing the vertical member 4, FIG.
The drawing is a plan view, and FIG. 15 is a right side view. The rear view is the same as the front view, the left side view is the same as the right side view, and the bottom view is the same as the plan view.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 and FIGS. 17 to 20, the diagonal member 7 is a plate-like body formed in the shape of an elongated parallelogram, and both ends of the diagonal member 7 are notched in a triangular shape. It becomes the notch surface 7a, and the sandwiching portion 7b is provided so as to project between both notch surfaces 7a. The sandwiching portion 7b is sandwiched between the two upper and lower members 1 at the intersection of the upper and lower members 1 and the vertical member 4.

Note that FIG. 19 is a front view showing the diagonal member 7, FIG. 20 is a plan view, FIG. 18 is a right side view, and FIG. 19 is a left side view. The rear view is symmetrical with the front view, and the bottom view is Appears symmetrical to the plan view.

Next, the assembling of the floor structure will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5, the two upper and lower members 1 are made to face each other on the sides having the notches 2 and are arranged in a pair at upper and lower positions at predetermined intervals. The inclined portions 2a of the notches 2 facing each other of the upper and lower members 1 are locked to the inclined portions 5a of the inner locking portions 5 as the engaging members of the vertical member 4, and similarly the notches in the lower member 1 of the lower member. The slanted portion 2a of 2 is locked to the slanted portion 6a of the outer locking portion 6 as the engaging portion of the vertical member 4.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the sandwiching portion 7b at one end of the diagonal member 7 is inserted into the gap between the two upper and lower members 1 and sandwiched at the intersection of the upper and lower members 1 and the vertical member 4 on the upper side. With
The cutout surface 7a is brought into contact with the lower surfaces of the upper and lower members 1. Another vertical member 4 is attached to the upper and lower members 1 in the horizontal direction at a constant interval from the vertical member 4 in the same manner as described above, and the other end of the diagonal member 7 is attached to the vertical member 4 and the lower member 1 of the lower member. Lock at intersections as above. In this way, the vertical member 4 and the diagonal member 7 are assembled at regular intervals between the upper and lower members 1 to form the truss T.
Is configured.

With respect to this truss T, a similar truss T is obtained as follows.
Assemble at right angles to each other. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the slanted portion 2a of the cutout 2 on the lower side of the upper and lower members 1 is different from the inclined portion 5a of the inner locking portion 5 as the engaging portion on the lower side of the vertical member 4. The slanted portion 2a of the notch 2 on the upper side of the upper and lower members 1 is locked to the slanted portion 6a of the outer locking portion 6 as an engaging portion protruding to the upper side of the vertical member 4. . A floor structure is formed by sequentially constructing the above-mentioned frameworks and arranging them in a grid pattern, and placing a floor plate (not shown) thereon. It should be noted that an adhesive is applied to the joint portion of each member so that the respective members are securely joined.

In the floor structure of the present embodiment, it is sufficient to form the truss T by sequentially combining the upper and lower members 1, the vertical members 4 and the diagonal members 7 having a predetermined size, which are preliminarily machined by machining, so that the dimensions are calculated on site. There is no need, assembly is easy and workability is excellent. In addition, since a large number of constant triangles are formed by the upper and lower members 1, the vertical members 4, and the diagonal members 7, a mechanically reliable structural calculation can be performed, and even if the triangles are not rigid contacts, the triangles are deformed unless they expand or contract. Therefore, the structure is sufficiently rigid and seismic resistance is exhibited. Further, it is not necessary to consider to make each contact a rigid structure.

Next, the wall structure will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the materials constituting the wall structure are furring strips 11 corresponding to the upper and lower members 1, columns 13 corresponding to the vertical members 4, and braces 16 corresponding to the diagonal members 7. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and 21 to 24, the furring strip 11 has a quadrangular prism shape, and notches 12 are provided on one side surface at regular intervals, usually 1 m intervals. In addition,
FIG. 21 is a front view showing the furring strip 11, FIG. 22 is a rear view, FIG. 23 is a plan view, FIG. 24 is a right side view, the bottom view is the same as the plan view, and the left side view is the right side view. Appears the same as the figure.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and 25 to 27, the pillar 13
Has a rectangular shape, and is spaced at regular intervals on the front and back sides in the width direction,
Normally, at intervals of 1 m, the notches 14 that engage with the notches 12 on the furring strip 11 are provided.
Are formed. Further, on both sides in the length direction of the same pillar 13, at the upper position and the lower position than the phase cutout 14,
A recessed notch 15 is formed which engages with the mounting portion 3 at the end of the upper and lower members 1 constituting the floor structure. The floor height can be freely determined by appropriately setting the position of the recess 14 of the pillar 13.

Incidentally, FIG. 27 is a front view showing the pillar 13, FIG. 25 is a plan view,
FIG. 26 is a right side view, the rear view is the same as the front view, the left side view is the same as the right side view, and the bottom view is the same as the plan view.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and 28 to 33, the brace 16 is a plate-like body, and both ends of the brace 16 are the furring strip 11 and the pillar 13.
The taper portion 16a can be locked at the intersection of the two, and the taper portion 16a is provided with a sandwiching portion 16b that is sandwiched in the gap between the upper and lower members 1. A phase cutout 17 is provided at the center of the brace 16 so that when the two brace 16 cross each other, they can be engaged with each other by the phase cutout 17. The length of the brace 16 is 2 ^1/2 times the unit length of the same edge 11 and the column 13.

Incidentally, FIG. 31 is a front view showing the brace 16, FIG. 30 is a rear view, FIG. 33 is a plan view, FIG. 32 is a bottom view, FIG. 29 is a right side view, and FIG. 28 is a left side view. is there.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, the corner posts 18 arranged at the four corners are provided.
Is a quadrangular prism, concave grooves 19 are formed on both front and rear surfaces,
The tip end of one furring strip 11 constituting the wall is engaged, and the concave grooves 19 are formed at regular intervals in the extending direction of the corner posts 18. A recessed groove 20 extending in a direction orthogonal to the recessed groove 19 is formed at a position adjacent to the recessed groove 19, and a tip portion of the furring strip 11 extending in a direction orthogonal to the furring strip 11 is engaged. Has become. The concave grooves 20 are also formed at regular intervals like the concave groove 19.

Next, the assembling of the wall structure will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the furrows 11 are engaged with the pillars 13 by inserting the furrows 11 of the furrow 11 into the furrows 14 provided on the pillars 13 arranged at regular intervals. At the same time, the braces 16 are arranged diagonally, and at the intersection of the pillar 13 and the furring strip 11, as shown in FIG. 6, the clamping portion 16b at one end of the bracing 16 is clamped between the furring strips 11 and tapered. Both sides of the portion 16a are brought into contact with the furring strip 11 and the column 13, respectively. Similarly, connect the other end of the brace 16 to the pillar 13 and the furring strip.
Install at the intersection with 11.

Next, another brace 16 is arranged in an oblique direction orthogonal to the above-mentioned brace 16 so that the phase cutouts 17 in the central portions of both the brace 16 are engaged with each other, and one end and the other end of the brace 16 are the same as above. Attached to the intersection of the furrow 11 and the pillar 13. In this way, the wall structure is formed by sequentially combining the columns 13, the furring strips 11 and the braces 16.

In the wall structure of this embodiment, three kinds of materials, namely, a furring strip 11, a column 13 and a brace 16 of a certain size, which are formed by machining, are prepared in advance, and these are sequentially combined to form a skeleton. Since it is good, there is no need to calculate dimensions on site, assembly is easy and workability is excellent. Further, since a large number of constant triangles are formed orderly by the furring strip 11, the columns 13 and the braces 16, a reliable structural calculation can be performed and a rigid structure can be obtained by a structure in which a force is evenly applied to the wall. Therefore, this wall structure plays a role similar to a conventional thick pillar. Since the position of the wall can be set appropriately, it can be used as a partition wall, and a building with a desired floor plan can be easily obtained.

As described above, as shown in FIG. 8, the distance between the pillars 13 and 13, the distance between the furrows 11 and 11 and the distance between the trusses T formed in a grid pattern and the trusses T are set. Unit length,
By combining the floor structure and the wall structure, each member is standardized to a certain one and the number of types is small. Unlike the conventional structure, it is possible to build a two-story structure without thick columns.
Moreover, the floor plan can be freely set by simple machining. This building is based on floor structure and wall structure, earthquake,
The structure has excellent strength because the load of wind, loads, etc. is evenly distributed and does not concentrate on any part.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may be configured as follows, for example, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

(1) As shown in Fig. 34, the upper and lower members 1 that make up the floor structure
The notch 2 is composed of a vertical surface and a horizontal surface, and an inner locking portion 5 as an engaging portion of the vertical member 4 and an outer locking portion 6 as an engaging portion of the vertical member 4.
Can be concave grooves extending orthogonally to the horizontal direction. As a result, the force to open to the left and right is not generated, and the screw is unnecessary.

(2) As shown in FIG. 36, since the strength decreases in the opening S, the sub-columns 21 are applied to the left and right columns of the opening S to reinforce the column of the opening S, and A large opening S can be rationally provided by substituting the cross member 22 on the furring strip 11 above the portion S to reinforce the load on the upper portion of the opening S.

〔The invention's effect〕

By engaging the slanted part in the notch of the upper and lower members with the slanted part in the engaging part of the vertical member, the upper and lower members and the vertical member can be easily assembled, and both can be firmly fixed and fallen off. The effect is that it can be avoided.

Further, by sandwiching the end portions of the brace in a stepped manner between the pair of furring strips, the end portions of the brace can be easily clamped and fixed between the pair of furring strips.

Furthermore, according to the floor and wall structures and the building combining them, sufficient structural calculation can be easily performed from the triangular combination, and thereby the rigid structure is exhibited and the building has earthquake resistance. Moreover, it is possible to easily assemble by combining predetermined materials, and there is an effect that a large number of thick columns are not required.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 to 33 are views showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an assembled state of a floor structure, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of upper and lower members, and FIG. Is an exploded perspective view showing a state in which diagonal members are assembled at intersections of upper and lower members and vertical members, FIG. 4 is a front view showing a floor structure, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of main parts showing a floor and wall structure, and FIG. Is a perspective view showing a state where braces are assembled at the intersection of the furrow and the pillar, FIG. 7 is a front view showing the wall structure, FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the entire building, and FIG. Front view showing, Fig. 10 is a rear view showing upper and lower materials, Fig. 11 is a plan view showing upper and lower materials, Fig. 12 is a bottom view showing upper and lower materials, Fig. 13 is a right side view showing the upper and lower materials, Fig. 14 is a plan view showing a vertical member, Fig. 15
Fig. 16 is a right side view showing a vertical member, Fig. 16 is a front view showing a vertical member, Fig. 17 is a left side view showing an oblique member, Fig. 18 is a right side view showing an oblique member, and Fig. 19 is an oblique view. Front view showing the material, FIG. 20 is a plan view showing the diagonal material, FIG. 21 is a front view showing the furring strip, 22
Figure is a rear view showing the furring strip, Fig. 23 is a plan view showing the furring strip,
Fig. 24 is a right side view showing the furring strip, Fig. 25 is a plan view showing a pillar,
FIG. 26 is a right side view showing the pillar, FIG. 27 is a front view showing the pillar,
FIG. 28 is a left side view showing a brace, FIG. 29 is a right side view showing a brace, FIG. 30 is a rear view showing a brace, FIG. 31 is a front view showing a brace, and FIG. 32 is a bottom view showing a brace. Figure, FIG. 33 is a plan view showing a brace, FIGS. 34 to 36 are views showing another example of the present invention, and FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing end portions of upper and lower members,
FIG. 35 is a perspective view showing an end portion of a vertical member, FIG. 36 is a front view showing a wall structure having an opening, and FIGS. 37 to 39 are views showing a conventional example, and FIGS. Is a front view showing a structure with brace attached, and FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing a Japanese-style building. 1 ... Upper and lower material, 2 ... Notch, 2a ... Slanted portion, 4 ... Vertical material, 5 ... Inner locking portion as engaging portion, 6 ... Outer locking portion as engaging portion , 5a, 6a ... Inclined part, 7 ... Diagonal material, 11 ... Furrow, 12 ... Complementary, 13 ... Pillar, 14 ... Complementary, 16 ... Brace, T ... Truss

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rectangular pillar-shaped upper and lower member (1) provided with notches (2) having slanted portions (2a) on one side at predetermined intervals, and engaging both end portions with the slanted portion (2a). Vertical member (4) in the shape of a quadrangular prism provided with engaging parts (5, 6) having inclined parts (5a, 6a)
And a diagonal member (7) whose both ends can be locked at an intersection when the upper and lower members (1) and the vertical member (4) are arranged orthogonally, and the upper and lower members (1) are cut out (2). ) Are arranged at the upper position and the lower position so as to face each other, and the engaging portions (5, 6) of the vertical member (4) are arranged in the opposing notches (2).
By vertically engaging the upper and lower members (1) and the vertical member (4) and assembling the diagonal member (7) diagonally at the intersection of the upper and lower members (1) and the vertical member (4). Due to
A floor structure characterized by forming trusses (T) having a large number of triangular shapes, arranging the trusses (T) in a grid pattern, and mounting floor plates on the trusses. 2. A pair of rectangular column-shaped furring strips (11) provided with recesses (12) on one side at predetermined intervals, and recesses (14) engaging with the recesses (12) on both front and rear surfaces. At the intersection of the rectangular pillar (13) provided with the furrow (11) and the pillar (13) at right angles, the braces (1
The end portions of 6) are stepped and sandwiched, and the furring strips (11) are arranged in pairs at the upper position and the lower position so that the recesses (12) face each other. ) Phase difference (1
The furring strip (11) and the pillar (13) are arranged orthogonally by engaging 2) with the notches (14) of the pillar (13), and these furring strips (11)
A wall structure characterized in that a frame having a large number of triangles is formed by diagonally assembling the braces (16) at the intersections of the columns (13). 3. A space between the furring strip (11) and the furring strip (11), a pillar (1)
The unit length is the distance between the 3) and the pillar (13) and the distance between the truss (T) formed in a grid pattern and the truss (T), and notches (2a) with a predetermined interval on one side ( 2)
And a square pillar-shaped upper and lower member (1) provided with an engaging portion (5, 6) having inclined portions (5a, 6a) engaging with the slanted portion (2a) at both ends thereof. The vertical member (4) and the diagonal member (7) whose both ends can be locked at the intersection when the upper and lower members (1) and the vertical member (4) are orthogonally arranged are A pair is arranged at each of the upper position and the lower position so that the notches (2) face each other, and the engaging portions (5, 6) of the vertical member (4) are engaged with the opposing notches (2). By vertically arranging the upper and lower members (1) and the vertical member (4) by combining them, and by assembling the diagonal member (7) diagonally at the intersection of the upper and lower members (1) and the vertical member (4), A truss (T) having a large number of triangular shapes is formed, the trusses (T) are arranged in a lattice, and floor plates are placed on the truss (T), and a predetermined space is provided on one side surface. A pair of square pillar-shaped furring strips (11) provided with a phase cutout (12), and a rectangular column (13) provided with a phase cutout (14) engaging with the phase cutout (12) on both front and rear surfaces. At the intersection when the furring strip (11) and the pillar (13) are arranged orthogonally, the end of the brace (16) is stepped and sandwiched between the pair of furring strips (11), (11) its phase difference (12)
Are arranged at upper and lower positions so as to face each other, and the furrow (12) of the furring strip (11) is engaged with the furrow (14) of the pillar (13) to form the furring ( 11) and columns (13) are arranged at right angles, and the braces (16) are diagonally assembled at the intersections of the furrows (11) and columns (13) to form a frame having a large number of triangles. A building characterized by being combined with a structure.