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JP2586871B2 - 油中分散型非黒鉛系潤滑油 - Google Patents

油中分散型非黒鉛系潤滑油

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Publication number
JP2586871B2
JP2586871B2 JP5041271A JP4127193A JP2586871B2 JP 2586871 B2 JP2586871 B2 JP 2586871B2 JP 5041271 A JP5041271 A JP 5041271A JP 4127193 A JP4127193 A JP 4127193A JP 2586871 B2 JP2586871 B2 JP 2586871B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
lubricating oil
weight
calcium
carbohydrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP5041271A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPH06256784A (ja
Inventor
健次 酒井
孝一 後藤
均 横溝
一広 三田村
俊紀 川井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority to JP5041271A priority Critical patent/JP2586871B2/ja
Priority to US08/201,992 priority patent/US5460737A/en
Priority to DE69420600T priority patent/DE69420600T2/de
Priority to EP94400428A priority patent/EP0613939B1/en
Priority to ES94400428T priority patent/ES2138055T3/es
Publication of JPH06256784A publication Critical patent/JPH06256784A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2586871B2 publication Critical patent/JP2586871B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/40—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M125/06—Sulfur
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    • C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/64—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
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    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は炭素鋼、合金鋼、非鉄金
属を温間鍛造加工並びに熱間鍛造、圧延、製管、引抜
き、押し出し加工する際、加工面に使用される油中分散
型非黒鉛系潤滑油に関するもので、黒鉛系潤滑油に代わ
って作業環境を改善する事を目的として使用されるのに
有用である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】温間にて鍛造加工する際或いは熱間にて
鍛造、圧延、製管、引抜き、押し出し加工する際、加工
面に給油される潤滑油剤には黒鉛を油あるいは水中に分
散させたものが主に使用されている。油中分散のものは
潤滑性は良いが金型の冷却性に乏しい。水中分散のもの
は冷却性に優れるが潤滑性に劣る為、加工条件により使
い分けて使用されている。又、いずれの潤滑油剤とも外
観が黒色な為作業環境の汚れが問題となっている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、上記
大別される２種の潤滑油の内、油中分散型のものであっ
て、潤滑性が要求される温間鍛造加工或いは熱間鍛造、
圧延、製管、引抜き、押し出し加工で、従来の黒鉛系油
中分散型潤滑油のように作業環境を汚染することなく、
黒鉛系油分散型潤滑油と同等以上の潤滑性を有し金型の
寿命延長が可能な潤滑油を提供することにある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは上記課題を
解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、炭水化物及び／又は
炭水化物誘導体と特定の被膜増強剤更に特定の分散剤を
基油中へ分散してなることを特徴とする油中分散型非黒
鉛系潤滑油により、本発明の目的を達成出来ることを見
出し本発明に到達したものである。
【０００５】すなわち本発明は粒径が１０〜１５０μｍ
である炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導体１０〜４０重
量％と被膜増強剤２〜２０重量％及び分散剤０．１〜２
０重量％を基油中へ分散してなることを特徴とする。
【０００６】本発明は上記３成分が特定の比率で基油中
に含まれる時に初めて本発明の効果が認められるもので
あり、１成分でも欠けていたり、比率が逸脱していると
その効果は得られない。
【０００７】
【作用】本発明によると温間にて鍛造加工を行う際或い
は熱間にて鍛造、圧延、製管、引抜き、押し出し加工す
る際、潤滑条件が苛酷な温間鍛造について説明すれば金
型表面に黒鉛油中分散型潤滑油のような潤滑性及び熱安
定性を有し、金型内に堆積物が累積して生ずる、所謂欠
肉と言われているものを生じない潤滑被膜を形成し、し
かも作業環境の点より淡色な被膜とする為には、特定の
炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導体と、被膜増強剤を特
定の割合にて混合したものを耐熱性のある基油中へ、特
定の油溶性分散剤にて分散させる事により得られる。
【０００８】本発明で上記３成分を添加する基油として
は潤滑性を有し常温にて液体であることはもとより加工
物（２００〜１２００℃）に接しても燃え難いこと及び
金型表面（１５０〜５００℃）へ均一に付着することが
必要である。例えば、引火点が２５０℃以上の精製鉱
油、ポリα−オレフィン、ポリフェニルエーテル、高級
脂肪酸グリセリンエステル（例えばナタネ白絞油、精製
コメヌカ油等）、高級脂肪酸トリメチロールプロパンエ
ステル（例えばトリメチロールプロパンオレイン酸トリ
エステル、トリメチロールプロパン・イソステアリン酸
トリエステル等）、高級脂肪酸ペンタエリスリトールエ
ステル（例えばペンタエリスリトール・オレイン酸ジエ
ステル、ペンタエリスリトール・イソステアリン酸フル
エステル等）、ヒンダードコンプレックスエステル（商
品名：ユニスターＣ−３３７３Ｈ，日本油脂）等及びこ
れらの混合物が挙げられるがこれに限定している訳では
ない。
【０００９】本発明の第１番目の成分である炭水化物及
び／又は炭水化物誘導体としては化学構造の骨格が炭水
化物であり分子量が５，０００以上のものすべてを含
む。分子量は１２０，０００以上がより好ましい。特に
好ましいものとして炭水化物は米、小麦、とうもろこ
し、タピオカ、馬鈴薯から得た澱粉又は木材繊維のセル
ロースであり、炭水化物誘導体はそれらの澱粉燐酸エス
テル・アルカリ金属塩、セルロース燐酸エステル・アル
カリ金属塩が挙げられる。尚、アルカリ金属はリチウ
ム、ナトリウム、カリウムが好ましいが経済性の点より
特にナトリウムが適当である。炭水化物または炭水化物
誘導体は単独にて用いてもよく、炭水化物と炭水化物誘
導体を併用してもよい。
【００１０】炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導体の温間
鍛造加工時の作用機構は定かではないが、黒鉛のような
耐熱性とへき開性はない為単体では黒鉛の潤滑性より劣
るものの、１０〜１５０μｍの粒径を用いること及び本
発明の第２番目の成分である被膜増強剤と併用すること
により、上記の加工に必要な潤滑膜を均一で厚く形成出
来、黒鉛と同等かそれ以上の鍛造成形性を示すものと考
える。ここで、鍛造成形性とは加工物の形状寸法が規定
通りに得られ、しかも金型寿命も目標値以上になるよう
な潤滑油の性能を意味する。粒径としては１０〜１５０
μｍが望ましい。市場にてこの範囲の粒径を得る場合、
澱粉は米、小麦、とうもろこし、タピオカ、馬鈴薯等か
ら得たものがこれに相当する。セルロースはパルプ等を
酸加水分解、濾過水洗、脱水、乾燥、粉砕後に２００か
ら４００メッシュの篩にて篩別したものが適当である
が、これに限定しているわけではない。１０μｍ未満で
は、形成される潤滑被膜が薄く、黒鉛に比べ早く燃え尽
きてしまう為か、鍛造成形性がない。１５０μｍを超え
ると金型へ給油する時にスプレー不良を生じ好ましくな
い。特に好ましい粒径は平均粒径が２０〜５０μｍであ
り、金網により篩分けする時は４００メッシュ（３７μ
ｍ）通過品が適当である。
【００１１】炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導体の潤滑
油中への含有量は１０〜４０重量％とする。１０重量％
未満では鍛造成形性に劣り、４０重量％を超えると潤滑
油の流動性がなくなり給油する時にスプレー不良を生じ
る。尚、市販の炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導体には
水分を含有しているものが多い。水分が多いと潤滑油自
体の金型への付着性を低下させるので好ましくない。し
かし、潤滑油の燃焼抑制の為、適度に水分を含有するの
が効果的である。水分は炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘
導体に対し１〜７％が好ましい。
【００１２】本発明の第２番目の成分である被膜増強剤
とは、炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導体と併用するこ
とにより炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導体単体に比
べ、耐熱性、極圧潤滑性の優れた強靭な潤滑被膜を形成
し優れた鍛造成形性を発現させるものを言う。具体的に
はジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸（アルキル基：Ｃ3 〜
Ｃ8 ）、２−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、イソプロピ
ルキサントゲン酸、ジアルキルジチオ燐酸（アルキル
基：Ｃ3 〜Ｃ8 ）の金属塩（金属が亜鉛、モリブデン、
カルシウム）、硫化ラード、ジ・ターシャリードデシル
ポリサルファイド等の有機化合物、硫黄等の元素、硫化
錫、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、ピロ燐酸錫、ピロ
燐酸カルシウム、ヘキサメタ燐酸カルシウム、ピロ燐酸
カリウム、トリポリ燐酸カリウム、メタ燐酸カリウム等
の縮合燐酸カリウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化モリブデン、炭酸
亜鉛、炭酸カルシウム、モリブデン酸亜鉛、モリブデン
酸カルシウム等の無機化合物及びこれらの混合物が挙げ
られる。好ましくはジブチルジチオカルバミン酸、ジブ
チルジチオ燐酸の金属塩（金属が亜鉛、モリブデン、カ
ルシウム）、硫黄分が１５〜３０重量％の含有した硫化
ラード、粉末硫黄、モリブデン酸亜鉛、モリブデン酸カ
ルシウム、炭酸亜鉛、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウ
ム、ピロリン酸カルシウム、トリポリ燐酸カルシウム並
びにこれらの混合物が挙げられる。尚、モリブデン酸塩
について工業的には例えば酸化亜鉛とモリブデン酸亜
鉛や酸化カルシウムあるいは炭酸カルシウムとモリブ
デン酸カルシウムとの混晶粒子となっているような塩基
性塩があり、これらも有効である。
【００１３】被膜増強剤は単体では炭水化物及び／又は
炭水化物誘導体より鍛造成形性がない。炭水化物及び／
又は炭水化物誘導体と併用する事により鍛造成形性が向
上する理由は定かではないが、大別すると二つに分けら
れると考える。有機化合物及び元素は所謂極圧剤あるい
は耐摩耗剤としての作用により、焼きつきの防止あるい
は成形時の金型表面温度の低下に寄与し金型の寿命延長
が期待される。無機化合物は炭水化物及び／又は炭水化
物誘導体の燃焼温度及び時間を黒鉛により近づけ、特
に、鍛造加工の場合は、成形時は無論のこと加工物を金
型から離型する（ノックアウト）時まで潤滑被膜を保持
し、所謂強靭な潤滑被膜の難燃効果あるいは断熱効果に
より金型表面の焼きつきや軟化を防ぎ金型の寿命延長が
期待されるのではないかと考える。尚、無機化合物は粒
径が５μｍ以下であると鍛造成形性の向上が顕著とな
る。０．５μｍ以下であるとなお好ましい。有機化合物
あるいは無機化合物を各々単独で用いても被膜増強剤と
しての効果は期待されるが有機化合物と無機化合物の併
用は一層好ましい。被膜増強剤の潤滑油中への含有量は
２〜２０重量％とする。２重量％未満では鍛造成形性の
向上が顕著に認められず、２０重量％を超えると潤滑油
自体の圧送性及びスプレー性に支障が生じる。炭水化物
及び／又は炭水化物誘導体に対する被膜増強剤の比率は
２〜８：１が好ましい。
【００１４】本発明の第３番目の成分である分散剤とし
ては、耐熱性があり、炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導
体と被膜増強剤を基油中へ安定に分散させる他、金型に
対し均一な被膜を形成させるすべての油溶性分散剤を包
含する。代表例としてはカルシウム・スルフォネート、
カルシウム・フェネート、炭素数１２〜２２の直鎖ある
いは分枝鎖モノカルボン酸ソルビタントリエステル、炭
素数１２〜２２の直鎖あるいは分枝鎖モノカルボン酸蔗
糖エステル、炭素数１２〜２２の直鎖あるいは分枝鎖モ
ノカルボン酸デキストリンエステル（例えばデキストリ
ンパルミチン酸エステル）、炭素数１２〜２２の直鎖あ
るいは分枝鎖モノカルボン酸セルロースエステル（例え
ばセルロースステアリン酸エステル）、炭素数１２〜２
２の直鎖あるいは分枝鎖モノカルボン酸澱粉エステル等
及びこれらの混合物が挙げられるが、これに限定してい
る訳ではない。尚、スルフォネート及びフェネートは中
性よりアルカリ価（ＴＢＮ）がＫＯＨ／ｍｇ換算で１０
以上、好ましくは２０〜４００が最良である。モノカル
ボン酸は耐熱性の点より飽和脂肪酸が特に好ましく、炭
素数は１６〜１８個が最良である。油溶性分散剤の潤滑
油中への含有量は０．１〜２０重量％が好ましい。０．
１重量％未満では均一分散性が不足し２０重量％を超え
ては鍛造成形性の不足や組成物の流動性不足が生じいず
れも適当でない。
【００１５】本発明においては上記の成分以外に公知の
添加剤、例えば窒化硼素、セリサイト、滑石、燐酸亜
鉛、燐酸カリウム、燐酸水素カルシウム、燐酸水素リチ
ウム、硼酸、硼酸ナトリウム、珪酸ナトリウム、ステア
リン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、牛脂脂肪酸カ
ルシウム、イソフタル酸アルミニウム、トリメリット酸
カルシウム、等の粉体類及びポリメタクリレート、ポリ
イソブチレン等の付着向上剤並びに市販の酸化防止剤、
難燃剤を適宜併用して使用する事が出来る。
【００１６】本発明の潤滑油の製造方法は第１段階で基
油中へ油溶性分散剤を均一に溶解又は分散させる。油溶
性分散剤が粉体の時は最高温度１１０℃以下で加熱溶解
又は分散させる。次に炭水化物及び／又は炭水化物誘導
体と被膜増強剤を徐々に添加しつつ混合攪拌してスラリ
ー状の組成物を得る。第２段階にで３本ロールあるいは
モントンゴーリン・ホモジナイザーを用いて均一分散を
完了し製品が得られる。尚、この方法は一例であり、こ
れに限定するものではない。かようにして、得られた本
発明の潤滑油は原液の状態で金型へスプレー給油して使
用する。
【００１７】
【実施例】次に本発明を特に、加工条件が苛酷な温間鍛
造加工にて、実施例及び比較例により説明する。 実施例１ 表１に示す組成の成分を用い、以下に示す方法で実施例
１の潤滑油を製造した。基油である精製鉱油３３．０重
量部とペンタエリスリトール・オレイン酸ジエステル２
０．０重量部の中に分散剤であるセルロースステアリン
酸エステル２．０重量部を加え１００℃にて攪拌機を用
いて加熱攪拌し均一分散した後、カルシウムスルフォネ
ート５．０重量部を加え均一分散させた。次に残りの成
分である馬鈴薯澱粉リン酸エステルナトリウム３０．０
重量部とジブチルジチオカルバミン酸モリブデン１０．
０重量部を順次添加した後、全体をスラリー状にした。
このスラリーをモントンゴーリンホモジナイザーで３５
０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 にて２パスして実施例１の潤滑油を得
た。
【００１８】実施例２，３，５〜８，１０，１１ 表１に示す基油、炭水化物、被膜増強剤および油溶性分
散剤を表示する配合量で、実施例１に示す方法と同様に
操作して実施例２，３，５〜８，１０および１１の潤滑
油を得た。
【００１９】実施例４ 基油である精製鉱油３０．０重量部とペンタエリスリト
ール・オレイン酸ジエステル１５．０重量部とユニスタ
ーＣ−３３７３Ｈ ３０．０重量部の混合油中に分散剤
であるカルシウムフェネート１０．０重量部を加え攪拌
機にて均一分散後、残りの成分であるタピオカ澱粉リン
酸エステルナトリウム１０．０重量部とジブチルジチオ
カルバミン酸モリブデン５．０重量部を順次添加した
後、全体をスラリー状にした。このスラリーをモントン
ゴーリンホモジナイザーで３５０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 にて２
パスして実施例４の潤滑油を得た。
【００２０】実施例９ 表１に示す基油、炭水化物、被膜増強剤および油溶性分
散剤を表示する配合量で実施例４に示す方法と同様に操
作して実施例９の潤滑油を得た。
【００２１】比較例１ 基油である精製鉱油２９．０重量部とペンタエリスリト
ール・オレイン酸ジエステル４０．０重量部の混合油中
に木材繊維のセルロース粉末２０．０重量部とモリブデ
ン酸カルシウム１０．０重量部と炭酸カルシウム１．０
重量部を順次添加した後、全体をスラリー状にした。こ
のスラリーをモントンゴーリンホモジナイザーで３５０
ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 にて２パスして比較例１の潤滑油を得
た。
【００２２】比較例２〜９ 実施例４の油溶性分散剤であるカルシウムフェネートを
カルシウムスルフォネートに置き換え、表２に示す配合
成分を用いて実施例４と同様の方法で比較例２〜９の潤
滑油を得た。
【００２３】上記実施例１〜１１および比較例１〜９で
得た潤滑油の試料及び更に比較の為、市販黒鉛油中分散
型潤滑油（比較例１０）及び市販黒鉛水中分散型潤滑油
（比較例１１）の試料につき、次に示す試験法により性
能試験を行い、得た結果を表１及び表２に併記する。
【００２４】性能試験による確認 １．成形性：実験室（ＳＲＶ試験） Schwingungs Reib und Verschieiss Tester を用いて鍛
造成形性のスクリーニング試験を行う。実機により近づ
ける為、下記の条件にて運転し、摩擦係数を求める。 （試験条件） 試験片 ボール（ＳＵＪ−２：金型想定）、シリンダー（Ｓ４５Ｃ： 加工物想定） 荷重 １００Ｎ（ヘルツ圧２２２ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ2 ） すべり速度 ２４０ｍｍ／ｓｅｃ 温度 ７５０℃ 時間 １０ｓｅｃ （評 価） 実機との対応で、摩擦係数＝０．１０以下であること。
【００２５】２．成形性：実験室（後方押し出し試験） 小型鍛造機を用い、下記条件にて鍛造し、加工時の荷重
（トン）と加工物の底厚（ｍｍ）の関係から鍛造成形性
を判断する。荷重及び加工物の底厚共、小さい値の方が
好ましい。 （試験条件） 鍛造機 １６０トン・メカニカルプレス 試験片 Ｓ４５Ｃ（直径３０ｍｍ、厚さ１６ｍｍ、温度７００℃） 速度 ３２．５ｍｍ／ｓｅｃ 減面率 ７０％（パンチ直径２５ｍｍ） 底厚設定 実施例１０の試料で加工後の底厚が３．３０ｍｍになるよう にする。 （評 価） 実機との対応で、底厚３．３２ｍｍ以下、荷重７５トン
以下であること。
【００２６】３．成形性：実機試験 等速ジョイントの部品について１〜３工程まで前方押し
出し、４工程では後方押し出し温間加工をしている。鍛
造成形性の評価としては加工後の部品が規定の寸法内に
あることと金型寿命を見る。 （評 価） ○：規定寸法の部品が得られ、金型寿命も実施例１０の試料と 同等かそれ以上である。 □：規定寸法の部品が得られるが、金型寿命は実施例１０の試 料の８０％である。 △：規定寸法の部品は得られたが、金型寿命が８０％未満であ る。 ×：規定寸法の部品が得られなかった。
【００２７】４．スプレー性：実機試験 プランジャーポンプにて１００〜２００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2
の圧力にてエアレススプレーした時に規定の流量が得ら
れる他、スプレー角度が確保出来ているか否かを確認す
る。 （評 価） ○：規定の流量が得られ、スプレー角度が確保出来た。 ×：ノズル詰まり等で規定の流量が確保出来ない。
【００２８】５．ダイセットの汚れ：実機試験 余分に供給された試料がダイセット上へ黒色（特に黒鉛
含有油）に付着したり、試料が重合して流動性を失いヘ
ラにて除去しようとしても取れない等作業環境を汚染す
るか否かを観察する。 （評 価） ○：作業環境を汚染しない。 ×：ダイセット上が黒く汚れたり、重合膜を形成する。
【００２９】６．消火性：実機試験 金型へ給油した試料は金型内へ加工物が置かれた時に引
火し燃焼する場合がある。但し、圧縮空気を用いて速や
かに炎を消している。ここでは引火しても速やかに消え
るか否かを見る。 （評 価） ○：引火し燃焼しても、すぐ消える。 ×：引火し燃焼後、圧縮空気でも消えない。
【００３０】７．総合評価 スプレー性、成形性、ダイセットの汚れ、消火性の４項
目とも「○」であることが温間鍛造加工用潤滑油として
必要である。
【００３１】
【表１】
【００３２】
【表２】
【００３３】
【発明の効果】以上説明してきたように本発明の潤滑油
は、特定の炭水化物誘導体と、被膜増強剤と、油溶性分
散剤を特定な比率で基油中へ分散させることにより表１
及び表２からも明らかなように比較例１〜１１と比べ、
黒鉛等の黒色成分を使用していないので作業環境を改善
し、鍛造成形性及びその他の性能は市販黒鉛油中分散型
潤滑油（比較例１０）と同等かそれ以上である事が示さ
れている。従って、ここに本発明の潤滑油は黒鉛系潤滑
油に代わって作業環境を改善した潤滑油である事が確認
された。
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｃ１０Ｍ 135:18 137:10 125:10 125:22 135:06） Ｃ１０Ｎ 10:02 10:04 10:12 20:06 30:00 30:04 30:06 40:24 (72)発明者 横溝 均 神奈川県藤沢市辻堂神台１の４の１ 協 同油脂株式会社辻堂工場内 (72)発明者 三田村 一広 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区宝町２番地 日 産自動車株式会社内 (72)発明者 川井 俊紀 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区宝町２番地 日 産自動車株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭50−140350（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭54−143409（ＪＰ，Ａ)

Claims (4)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 油中分散型非黒鉛系潤滑油であって、粒
    径が１０〜１５０μｍである炭水化物及び／又は炭水化
    物誘導体１０〜４０重量％と被膜増強剤２〜２０重量％
    と油溶性分散剤０．１〜２０重量％を基油中へ分散して
    なることを特徴とする油中分散型非黒鉛系潤滑油。
  2. 【請求項２】 前記炭水化物が米、小麦、とうもろこ
    し、タピオカ、馬鈴薯から得た澱粉または木材繊維のセ
    ルロースであり、炭水化物誘導体が澱粉燐酸エステル・
    アルカリ金属塩またはセルロース燐酸エステル・アルカ
    リ金属塩またはこれらの混合物からなることを特徴とす
    る請求項１記載の油中分散型非黒鉛系潤滑油。
  3. 【請求項３】 前記被膜増強剤がジブチルジチオカルバ
    ミン酸、ジブチルジチオ燐酸の金属塩（金属が亜鉛、モ
    リブデン、カルシウム）、硫黄分を１５〜３０重量％含
    有した硫化ラードの有機化合物、粉末硫黄の元素、モリ
    ブデン酸亜鉛、モリブデン酸カルシウム、炭酸亜鉛、炭
    酸カルシウムの無機化合物またはこれらの混合物からな
    ることを特徴とする請求項１記載の油中分散型非黒鉛系
    潤滑油。
  4. 【請求項４】 前記油溶性分散剤がカルシウム・スルフ
    ォネート、カルシウム・フェネート、炭素数１２〜２２
    の直鎖あるいは分枝鎖モノカルボン酸蔗糖エステル、炭
    素数１２〜２２の直鎖あるいは分枝鎖モノカルボン酸デ
    キストリンエステル、炭素数１２〜２２の直鎖あるいは
    分枝鎖モノカルボン酸セルロースエステル、炭素数１２
    〜２２の直鎖あるいは分枝鎖モノカルボン酸澱粉エステ
    ルまたはこれらの混合物からなることを特徴とする請求
    項１記載の油中分散型非黒鉛系潤滑油。
JP5041271A 1993-03-02 1993-03-02 油中分散型非黒鉛系潤滑油 Expired - Fee Related JP2586871B2 (ja)

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US08/201,992 US5460737A (en) 1993-03-02 1994-02-25 Graphite-free lubricating oil
DE69420600T DE69420600T2 (de) 1993-03-02 1994-03-01 Graphitfreies Schmieröl
EP94400428A EP0613939B1 (en) 1993-03-02 1994-03-01 Graphite-free lubricating oil
ES94400428T ES2138055T3 (es) 1993-03-02 1994-03-01 Aceite lubricante libre de grafito.

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CN101151354B (zh) * 2005-04-05 2010-12-15 科聚亚公司 使用高碱性磺酸盐改进液压成型流体的性能的方法
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JP7290612B2 (ja) 2020-07-20 2023-06-13 トヨタ自動車株式会社 摺動部材
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DE69420600D1 (de) 1999-10-21
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EP0613939A3 (en) 1994-09-14
DE69420600T2 (de) 2000-03-16
US5460737A (en) 1995-10-24
EP0613939A2 (en) 1994-09-07
EP0613939B1 (en) 1999-09-15

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