JP2023173547A - Laser arc hybrid welding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus capable of efficiently preheating a weld wire and suppressing complication of a construction of the apparatus.SOLUTION: A laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 includes: a welding torch 10 for welding a parent material 2 by generating arch 25 between the parent material 2 and a weld wire 20; and a laser torch 40 radiating a first laser 51 toward an area separated in a travelling direction of welding rather than an area in which the welding torch 10 generates the arc 25 in the parent material 2, and radiating a second laser 52 toward the weld wire 20. An area to which the first laser 51 is radiated by the laser torch 40 is welded by the welding torch 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to a laser-arc hybrid welding device.

As a conventional welding apparatus, there is a welding apparatus that performs welding by supplying a welding wire to a welding area of a base material to be welded at a supply speed corresponding to a welding speed and melting the welding wire.

Conventional welding equipment equipped with a wire supply device that supplies welding wire has a common property between laser and electric arc when welding is performed using a laser irradiation device and an electric arc welding machine with non-consumable electrodes. There has been a hybrid welding system that supplies a preheated welding wire into a molten pool (Patent Document 1).

In such a hybrid welding system, welding wire is preheated and supplied in order to melt the welding wire at high speed in order to correspond to high-speed welding. It is thought that the welding wire is preheated by resistance heating using the electrical resistance value of the metal of the welding wire.

As a conventional welding device that uses laser irradiation for welding, for example, there is a welding device that uses two laser beams, a filler metal laser beam and a welding laser beam (Patent Document 2).

Special Publication No. 2015-526295 Special table 2018-537288 publication

However, in the conventional welding apparatus as described in Patent Document 1, the welding wire is preheated by resistance heat generation, so there are the following problems.

The welding apparatus of Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it is not possible to sufficiently preheat a welding wire using a metal with a low electrical resistance value, such as aluminum. In addition, the welding device of Patent Document 1 requires a preheating power source device for preheating in addition to a welding power source device for welding, resulting in a problem that the configuration of the welding device becomes complicated. there were.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a laser-arc hybrid welding device that can efficiently preheat a welding wire and suppress the complexity of the configuration of the device.

The present disclosure relates to a laser-arc hybrid welding device. Laser-arc hybrid welding equipment includes a welding torch that welds the base metal by generating an arc between the base metal and the welding wire, and a welding torch that welds the base metal by generating an arc between the base metal and the welding wire. The welding torch includes a laser torch that irradiates a region with a first laser beam and a welding wire with a second laser beam, and welds the region irradiated with the first laser beam with the laser torch.

According to the laser-arc hybrid welding device of the present disclosure, the welding torch irradiates the first laser toward an area that is more distant in the welding progress direction than the area where the arc is generated, and the second laser irradiates toward the welding wire. Therefore, the welding wire can be efficiently preheated by the second laser beam that is directly irradiated onto the welding wire, and it is possible to suppress the complexity of the configuration of the device.

1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a laser irradiation part in the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state in which base metals are welded by the laser arc hybrid welding device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a laser irradiation part in a laser arc hybrid welding device according to a second embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Although a plurality of embodiments will be described below, it has been planned from the beginning of the application to appropriately combine the configurations described in each embodiment. In addition, the same reference numerals are attached to the same or corresponding parts in the drawings, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, a laser arc hybrid welding device 1 according to the first embodiment includes a welding torch 10, a welding power supply device 30, a laser torch 40, and a laser oscillation device 60.

The laser arc hybrid welding device 1 is used for joining metals together. By the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1, one and the other of the base materials 2 to be joined are joined at the welded part 3 by a butt weld joint, a lap fillet weld joint, or the like.

The base material 2 is made of, for example, a galvanized steel plate. Note that the base material 2 is not limited to a galvanized steel plate, and may be made of metal such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, or an alloy thereof.

Welding torch 10 and welding power supply device 30 are devices for performing arc welding. The welding torch 10 supplies a welding wire 20, which is a consumable electrode, and a shielding gas (not shown) toward the base material 2. Welding torch 10 includes a wire supply section that feeds out welding wire 20 at a speed corresponding to the welding speed and a gas supply section that supplies shielding gas to compensate for welding wire 20 that is consumed during welding.

Welding power supply device 30 generates a welding voltage and welding current for performing arc welding, and outputs the generated welding voltage and welding current to welding torch 10. Further, the welding power supply device 30 controls the feeding speed of the welding wire 20 in the welding torch 10.

The welding torch 10 receives welding voltage and welding current from the welding power supply device 30, generates an arc 25 between the tip of the welding wire 20 and the welded part 3 of the base metal 2, and welds the welded part 3. Weld.

During welding with the welding torch 10, the welding wire 20 is consumed, so the welding wire 20 is fed out from the wire supply section, and an arc 25 is generated between the tip of the fed out welding wire 20 and the base metal 2. Furthermore, during welding by the welding torch 10, a shielding gas such as argon gas or carbon dioxide gas supplied from the gas supply section is supplied toward the base material 2. In this way, in welding with the welding torch 10, the shielding gas is supplied around the arc 25, thereby preventing the molten metal of the base material 2 from reacting with air.

At least one laser torch 40 is provided in the laser arc hybrid welding device 1 . In the first embodiment, one laser torch 40 is provided in the laser arc hybrid welding device 1 .

The laser torch 40 and the laser oscillation device 60 are devices for irradiating the first laser 51 and the second laser 52. The laser torch 40 receives laser light from the laser oscillator 60, emits a first laser 51 toward the welded part 3 of the base material 2, and emits a second laser 52 toward the welding wire 20 of the welding torch 10. irradiate.

In this way, the laser torch 40 irradiates the welding wire 20 with the first laser 51 toward a region of the base metal 2 that is farther away in the welding direction (DR1) than the region where the welding torch 10 generates the arc 25. The second laser 52 is irradiated toward the target.

The laser torch 40 heats and melts the welded part 3 by irradiating the first laser 51 toward the welded part 3 of the base material 2 . Laser torch 40 preheats welding wire 20 by heating welding wire 20 in response to irradiating second laser 52 toward welding wire 20 .

In the laser-arc hybrid welding device 1, the first laser 51 is irradiated to the welded part 3 of the first base material 4 and the second base material 5 to melt the first base material 4 and the second base material 5, and Welding is performed to join the first base material 4 and the second base material 5 by generating an arc 25 between the welding wire 20, which has been preheated by irradiation with the second laser 52, and the part to be welded 3. . In this way, in the laser arc hybrid welding device 1, the welding torch 10 welds the region that is irradiated with the first laser 51 by the laser torch 40 and melted.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a laser irradiation part in the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, a configuration related to arc welding is not illustrated in order to facilitate understanding of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the laser torch 40 according to the first embodiment includes a diffractive optical element (DOE) 41 that processes the laser into a desired beam pattern. The diffractive optical element 41 has functions such as branching the laser beam, adjusting the shape of the irradiation area to which the laser beam is irradiated, and adjusting the width of the laser irradiation range. The laser torch 40 may be provided with a lens for adjusting the width of the laser irradiation range.

The diffractive optical element 41 is arranged on the laser torch 40 so that the laser beam output from the laser oscillation device 60 passes therethrough. The laser beam that has passed through the diffractive optical element 41 is branched into two laser beams, a first laser 51 and a second laser 52.

The first laser 51 is irradiated from the laser torch 40 toward the welded portion 3 of the first base material 4 and the second base material 5 that constitute the base material 2, and is emitted from a circular laser beam on the surface of the welded portion 3. 1 irradiation area 71 is formed. The first laser 51 is focused toward the base material 2 so that the circular first irradiation area 71 is reduced. Focusing of the first laser 51 may be performed using the diffractive optical element 41 or may be performed using a lens.

Note that the first laser 51 only needs to be focused toward the base material 2, and the first irradiation area 71 is not limited to a circular shape, but may have other shapes such as an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape. Good too.

The second laser 52 is irradiated from the laser torch 40 toward the welding wire 20 located above the base material 2 to form a rectangular second irradiation area 72 . The second laser 52 is defocused toward the welding wire 20 so that the irradiation range is expanded at least in the extending direction of the welding wire 20 when the welding torch 10 shown in FIG. 1 is viewed from above. Defocusing of the second laser 52 may be performed using the diffractive optical element 41 or may be performed using a lens.

Since the first laser 51 is focused and the second laser 52 is defocused, the irradiation range of the second laser 52 is expanded more than that of the first laser 51.

The second laser 52 may be any laser that can irradiate the welding wire 20 and be defocused toward the welding wire 20, and the first irradiation area 71 is not limited to a rectangular shape but may be circular or Other shapes such as an elliptical shape may also be used. Further, the direction in which the irradiation range of the second laser 52 is expanded may be both in the extending direction of the welding wire 20 and in the width direction of the welding wire 20. That is, the direction in which the irradiation range of the second laser 52 is expanded may be at least in the direction in which the welding wire 20 extends.

The outputs of the first laser 51 and the second laser 52 can be arbitrarily set by the diffractive optical element 41. For example, the output of the first laser 51 and the output of the second laser 52 may be the same or different. The output of the second laser 52 may vary depending on the material of the welding wire 20.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state in which the base metal 2 is welded by the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 3, the welding wire 20 on which the arc 25 is generated is preheated by being irradiated with the second laser 52. The second laser 52 is defocused so that the irradiation range is expanded in the extending direction of the welding wire 20 when the welding torch 10 shown in FIG. 1 is viewed from above. Thereby, the welding wire 20 is irradiated directly with the second laser 52 and is irradiated with the second laser 52 over a wide range in the length direction of the welding wire 20, so that the welding wire 20 is efficiently heated and preheated. As the arc 25 is generated from the preheated welding wire 20 in this manner, the welding wire 20 is easily melted.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the first base material 4 and the second base material 5, the welded part 3 is melted by irradiation with the second laser 52 along the welding progress direction (DR1 direction), and arc Welding according to No. 25 is performed. As a result, in the welded portion 3, the first base material 4 and the second base material 5 are joined while a molten pool 90 is formed along the welding progress direction (DR1 direction). The molten pool 90 is formed with a substantially constant width in a direction (DR2 direction) perpendicular to the welding progress direction.

When welding the base metal 2, the first irradiation area 71, which is the irradiation position of the first laser 51, the generation position of the arc 25, and the second irradiation area 72, which is the irradiation position of the second laser 52, are They are arranged in this order in the direction (DR1 direction). By melting the first base material 4 and the second base material 5 with the first laser 51 prior to arc welding, arc welding can be stabilized. Note that the distance between the first irradiation area 71 of the first laser 51 and the arc 25 in the welding progress direction (DR1 direction) is, for example, 2 mm or more and 3 mm or less.

In the laser arc hybrid welding device 1, the laser torch 40 irradiates the welded parts 3 of the first base material 4 and the second base material 5 with a first laser 51 to melt the first base material 4 and the second base material 5. In addition, since the welding wire 20 is preheated by irradiating the welding wire 20 with the second laser 52, there is no need to provide a preheating power supply device for preheating the welding wire 20.

In the laser arc hybrid welding device 1 having the configuration described above, the welding wire 20 is irradiated with the second laser 52 from the laser torch 40 to preheat the welding wire 20, so the second laser 52 is irradiated directly onto the welding wire 20. This allows the welding wire 20 to be efficiently preheated, and furthermore, it is possible to suppress the complexity of the device configuration compared to the case where a preheating power supply device is newly provided. Further, in the laser-arc hybrid welding device 1, the welding wire can be efficiently preheated by the second laser, so when performing high-speed welding, for example, the welding wire 20 can be easily melted in accordance with the welding speed. The welding wire 20 can be supplied at a speed corresponding to the welding speed. Since the welding wire 20 can be supplied at a speed corresponding to the welding speed in this way, arc welding using the welding torch 10 can be performed stably. Moreover, by being able to perform stable welding in this way, robustness in high-speed welding can be improved.

In the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, when the base metal 2 was welded under the following welding conditions, the following welding results were obtained.

The irradiation shape of the first laser 51 by the laser torch 40 was set to a spot diameter of 0.2 mm so that the first laser 51 could be irradiated onto the surface of the base material 2. Further, the irradiation shape of the second laser 52 by the laser torch 40 was set to have a spot diameter of 2 mm so that the welding wire 20 could be irradiated with the second laser 52 . Welding using the welding torch 10 was performed by a short-circuit transition welding method in which an A4043 wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm was controlled to be sent out as the welding wire 20. Under such welding conditions, if welding is performed without preheating the welding wire 20 by not irradiating the welding wire 20 with the second laser 52, welding is performed at a wire feeding speed of 5 m/min for a welding current of 150 A. I was able to do some welding. On the other hand, when welding is performed while preheating the welding wire 20 by irradiating the welding wire 20 with the second laser 52 at a laser output of 2KW, the wire feeding speed is 13m/min for a welding current of 150A. I was able to do some welding. As a result, when the welding wire 20 was preheated by the second laser 52, the wire feeding speed could be increased by 8 m/min compared to the case where the welding wire 20 was not preheated by the second laser 52.

[Embodiment 2]
In the second embodiment, instead of the laser torch 40 described in the first embodiment, a laser torch 42 including a first laser torch 421 that emits a first laser 51 and a second laser torch 422 that emits a second laser 52 is provided. The laser arc hybrid welding device 1A will be explained.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a laser irradiation part in a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1A according to the second embodiment. Note that, in FIG. 4, the configuration related to arc welding is not illustrated in order to facilitate understanding of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, the laser arc hybrid welding device 1A includes a first laser oscillation device 61, a second laser oscillation device 62, and a laser torch 42. The laser torch 42 includes two laser torches, a first laser torch 421 and a second laser torch 422.

Laser light is output from the first laser oscillation device 61 and passes through the first laser torch 421, whereby the base material 2 is irradiated with the first laser 51. Further, a laser beam is output from the second laser oscillation device 62 and passes through the second laser torch 422, so that the welding wire 20 is irradiated with the second laser 52.

The first laser torch 421 includes a first diffractive optical element 43 . The first diffractive optical element 43 is arranged on the first laser torch 421 so that the laser beam output from the first laser oscillation device 61 passes therethrough and is output as the first laser 51 . The first laser 51 is irradiated from the first diffractive optical element 43 toward the base material 2 in a focused manner as in the first embodiment. Note that the first laser torch 421 may include a lens capable of focusing the first laser 51 instead of the first diffractive optical element 43.

The second laser torch 422 includes a second diffractive optical element 44 . The second diffractive optical element 44 is arranged on the second laser torch 422 so that the laser light output from the second laser oscillation device 62 passes therethrough and is output as the second laser 52 . The second laser 52 is irradiated from the second diffractive optical element 44 toward the welding wire 20 in a defocused manner as in the first embodiment. Note that the second laser torch 422 may include a lens capable of defocusing the first laser 51 instead of the second diffractive optical element 44.

In such a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1A of the second embodiment, the same effects as those obtained with the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 of the first embodiment can be obtained.

Next, the main effects obtained by the laser arc hybrid welding apparatuses 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments described above will be summarized.

According to the laser-arc hybrid welding devices 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments described above, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the welding wire 20 is irradiated with the second laser 52 from the laser torches 40 and 42. By preheating the welding wire 20, the welding wire 20 can be efficiently preheated by the second laser beam directly irradiated to the welding wire, and furthermore, the complexity of the configuration of the device can be suppressed.

Furthermore, according to the laser arc hybrid welding apparatuses 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments, in the laser torches 40 and 42, as shown in FIG. By enlarging the welding wire 20, it is possible to preheat the welding wire 20 more efficiently.

Furthermore, according to the laser arc hybrid welding apparatuses 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments, as shown in FIG. Since the range is expanded at least in the extending direction of the welding wire, the welding wire 20 can be preheated even more efficiently.

Furthermore, according to the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the laser torch 40 branches the laser beam into the first laser 51 and the second laser 52, and Since it includes an optical diffraction element that irradiates two lasers, it is possible to irradiate two types of lasers, the first laser 51 and the second laser 52, based on the laser output from one laser oscillation device 60.

Furthermore, according to the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1A of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. Since the laser torch 422 is included, two types of lasers can be emitted from two laser oscillation devices, the first laser torch 421 and the second laser torch 422.

The embodiments disclosed this time should be considered to be illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than the description of the embodiments described above, and it is intended that all changes within the meaning and range equivalent to the claims are included.

Reference Signs List 10 Welding Torch, 40, 42 Laser Torch, 20 Welding Wire, 41 Diffractive Optical Element, 1, 1A Laser Arc Hybrid Welding Device, 421 First Laser Torch, 422 Second Laser Torch.

Claims (5)

a welding torch that generates an arc between a base metal and a welding wire to weld the base metal;
a laser torch that irradiates a first laser toward a region in the base metal that is more distant in the welding progress direction than the region where the welding torch generates an arc, and irradiates a second laser toward the welding wire;
A laser-arc hybrid welding device that welds, with the welding torch, a region irradiated with a first laser beam by the laser torch. The laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser torch expands the irradiation range of the second laser than the irradiation range of the first laser. The laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 2, wherein the laser torch expands the irradiation range of the second laser at least in the extending direction of the welding wire when the welding torch is viewed from above. Any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laser torch includes an optical diffraction element that branches the laser beam into the first laser and the second laser and irradiates the first laser and the second laser. The laser arc hybrid welding device according to item 1. The laser arc hybrid welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laser torch includes a first laser torch that irradiates the first laser and a second laser torch that irradiates the second laser.

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